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Gupta S, Silveira DA, Lorenzoni PR, Mombach JCM, Hashimoto RF. LncRNA PTENP1/miR-21/PTEN Axis Modulates EMT and Drug Resistance in Cancer: Dynamic Boolean Modeling for Cell Fates in DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8264. [PMID: 39125832 PMCID: PMC11311614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that microRNA-21 (miR-21) targets phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), facilitating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance in cancer. Recent evidence indicates that PTEN activates its pseudogene-derived long non-coding RNA, PTENP1, which in turn inhibits miR-21. However, the dynamics of PTEN, miR-21, and PTENP1 in the DNA damage response (DDR) remain unclear. Thus, we propose a dynamic Boolean network model by integrating the published literature from various cancers. Our model shows good agreement with the experimental findings from breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), elucidating how DDR activation transitions from the intra-S phase to the G2 checkpoint, leading to a cascade of cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, drug resistance, and EMT. Model validation underscores the roles of PTENP1, miR-21, and PTEN in modulating EMT and drug resistance. Furthermore, our analysis reveals nine novel feedback loops, eight positive and one negative, mediated by PTEN and implicated in DDR cell fate determination, including pathways related to drug resistance and EMT. Our work presents a comprehensive framework for investigating cellular responses following DDR, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting PTEN, miR-21, and PTENP1 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Gupta
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1010, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Pedro R. Lorenzoni
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (P.R.L.); (J.C.M.M.)
| | - Jose Carlos M. Mombach
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (P.R.L.); (J.C.M.M.)
| | - Ronaldo F. Hashimoto
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1010, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
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Li Q, Zhang C, Zhu M, Shan J, Qian H, Ma Y, Wang X. W-GA nanodots restore intestinal barrier functions by regulating flora disturbance and relieving excessive oxidative stress to alleviate colitis. Acta Biomater 2024; 182:260-274. [PMID: 38777175 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may arise due to disruption of mucosal barriers as a result of dysregulation of the intestinal flora and excessive oxidative stress. The creation of nanomaterials with only microbiota-regulating effects often leads to inadequate therapeutic outcomes caused by the disruption of a healthy microbial balance and the emergence of tissue harm caused by excessive oxidative stress. This report describes the multifunctional activity of ultrasmall W-GA nanodots, which can precisely regulate the intestinal microbiome by inhibiting the abnormal expansion of Enterobacteriaceae during colitis and alleviating the damage caused by oxidative stress to the reconstructive microflora, ultimately restoring intestinal barrier function. W-GA nanodots have been synthesized through a simple coordination reaction and can be dispersed in various solvents in vitro, demonstrating favorable safety profiles in cells, significant clearance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and increased cell survival in models of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Through oral or intravenous administration, the W-GA nanodots were shown to be highly safe when tested in vivo, and they effectively reduced colon damage in mice with DSS-induced colitis by restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier. W-GA nanodots have enabled the integration of microflora reprogramming and RONS clearance, creating a potent therapeutic strategy for treating gut inflammation. Consequently, the development of W-GA nanodots represents a promising strategy for enhancing the formation and preservation of the intestinal barrier to treat IBD by suppressing the growth of Enterobacteriaceae, a type of facultative anaerobic bacterium, and facilitating the effective removal of RONS. Ultimately, this leads to the restoration of the intestinal barrier's functionality. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An increasing number of nanoparticles are under development for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Although they can alleviate inflammation symptoms by regulating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and microbiota, their understanding of the mechanism behind microbiota regulation is limited. This study synthesized W-GA nanodots using a straightforward one-pot synthesis method. Simple synthesis holds significant promise for clinical applications, as it encompasses multiple nanoenzyme functions and also exhibits Enterobacteriaceae inhibitory properties.Thus, it contributes to ameliorating the current medical landscape of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Mengmei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jie Shan
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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Wei X, Liu J, Xu Z, Wang D, Zhu Q, Chen Q, Xu W. Research progress on the pharmacological mechanism, in vivo metabolism and structural modification of Erianin. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116295. [PMID: 38401517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Erianin is an important bibenzyl compound in dendrobium and has a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. Since Erianin was discovered, abundant results have been achieved in the in vitro synthesis, structural modification, and pharmacological mechanism research. Researchers have developed a series of simple and efficient in vitro synthesis methods to improve the shortcomings of poor water solubility by replacing the chemical structure or coating it in nanomaterials. Erianin has a broad anti-tumor spectrum and significant anti-tumor effects. In addition, Erianin also has pharmacological actions like immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, metabolism, structural modification, and pharmacological action pathways of Erianin is of great value for the utilization of Erianin. Therefore, this review conducts a relatively systematic look back at Erianin from the above four aspects, to give a reference for the evolvement and further appliance of Erianin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, PR China
| | - Ziming Xu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, PR China
| | - Qizhi Zhu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Weiping Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei 230001, PR China.
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Hou S, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Sun JH, Wang G, Jia A, Yan YX. Protective Mechanisms of Various Active Substances on Cell DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Deoxynivalenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6651-6659. [PMID: 38501756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite of fungi that is harmful to humans and animals. This study examined the protective effects of natural substances, including resveratrol, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and microbe-derived antioxidants (MA), on both human gastric mucosal cells (GES-1) and pig small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) when induced by DON. Cells were incubated with active substances for 3 h and then exposed to DON for 24 h. The oxidative stress index, cell cycle, and apoptosis were measured. As compared to cells treated only with DON, pretreatment with active substances improved the balance of the redox status in cells caused by DON. Specifically, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and MA showed the potential to alleviate the G2 phase cell cycle arrest effect that was induced by DON in both kinds of cells. It was observed that vitamin E and vitamin C can alleviate DON-induced apoptosis and the G2 phase cycle arrest effect mediated via the ATM-Chk 2-Cdc 25C and ATM-P53 signaling pathways in GES-1 cells. In IPEC-1 cells, vitamin C and MA can alleviate both DON-induced apoptosis and the G2 phase cycle arrest effect via the ATM-Chk 2-Cdc 25C signaling pathway. Different bioactive substances utilize different protective mechanisms against DON in interacting with different cells. The proper addition of vitamin E and vitamin C to food can neutralize the toxic effect of DON, while the addition of vitamin C and MA to animal feed can reduce the harm DON does to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian-He Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Majrashi TA, Alshehri SA, Alsayari A, Muhsinah AB, Alrouji M, Alshahrani AM, Shamsi A, Atiya A. Insight into the Biological Roles and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Different Types of Cancer: Targeting Cancer Therapeutics. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071704. [PMID: 37049544 PMCID: PMC10097354 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a hard-to-treat disease with a high reoccurrence rate that affects health and lives globally. The condition has a high occurrence rate and is the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disorders. Increased research and more profound knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to the disease’s onset and progression have led to drug discovery and development. Various drugs are on the market against cancer; however, the drugs face challenges of chemoresistance. The other major problem is the side effects of these drugs. Therefore, using complementary and additional medicines from natural sources is the best strategy to overcome these issues. The naturally occurring phytochemicals are a vast source of novel drugs against various ailments. The modes of action by which phytochemicals show their anti-cancer effects can be the induction of apoptosis, the onset of cell cycle arrest, kinase inhibition, and the blocking of carcinogens. This review aims to describe different phytochemicals, their classification, the role of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents, the mode of action of phytochemicals, and their role in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed A. Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alrouji
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Bernal L, Pinzi L, Rastelli G. Identification of Promising Drug Candidates against Prostate Cancer through Computationally-Driven Drug Repurposing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043135. [PMID: 36834548 PMCID: PMC9964599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common types of cancer in males. Although early stages of PC are generally associated with favorable outcomes, advanced phases of the disease present a significantly poorer prognosis. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options for the treatment of PC are still limited, being mainly focused on androgen deprivation therapies and being characterized by low efficacy in patients. As a consequence, there is a pressing need to identify alternative and more effective therapeutics. In this study, we performed large-scale 2D and 3D similarity analyses between compounds reported in the DrugBank database and ChEMBL molecules with reported anti-proliferative activity on various PC cell lines. The analyses included also the identification of biological targets of ligands with potent activity on PC cells, as well as investigations on the activity annotations and clinical data associated with the more relevant compounds emerging from the ligand-based similarity results. The results led to the prioritization of a set of drugs and/or clinically tested candidates potentially useful in drug repurposing against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bernal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-2058564
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Bakrim S, El Omari N, El Hachlafi N, Bakri Y, Lee LH, Bouyahya A. Dietary Phenolic Compounds as Anticancer Natural Drugs: Recent Update on Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Trials. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213323. [PMID: 36359936 PMCID: PMC9657352 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the stochastic complexity of cancer diseases, the development of chemotherapeutic drugs is almost limited by problems of selectivity and side effects. Furthermore, an increasing number of protective approaches have been recently considered as the main way to limit these pathologies. Natural bioactive compounds, and particularly dietary phenolic compounds, showed major protective and therapeutic effects against different types of human cancers. Indeed, phenolic substances have functional groups that allow them to exert several anti-cancer mechanisms, such as the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest at different stages, and the inhibition of telomerase. In addition, in vivo studies show that these phenolic compounds also have anti-angiogenic effects via the inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis. Moreover, clinical studies have already highlighted certain phenolic compounds producing clinical effects alone, or in combination with drugs used in chemotherapy. In the present work, we present a major advance in research concerning the mechanisms of action of the different phenolic compounds that are contained in food medicinal plants, as well as evidence from the clinical trials that focus on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology, and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (L.-H.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (L.-H.L.); (A.B.)
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Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Effects of Polyphenolics from Natural Sources. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196225. [PMID: 36234762 PMCID: PMC9572829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress-related complications, and chronic age-related illnesses is gradually increasing worldwide. Several causes include the ineffectiveness of medicinal treatment therapies, their toxicity, their inability to provide radical solutions in some diseases, and the necessity of multiple drug therapy in certain chronic diseases. It is therefore necessary for alternative treatment methods to be sought. In this review, polyphenols were identified and classified according to their chemical structure, and the sources of these polyphenol molecules are indicated. The cardioprotective, ROS scavenging, anti-aging, anticancer properties of polyphenolic compounds have been demonstrated by the results of many studies, and these natural antioxidant molecules are potential alternative therapeutic agents.
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Hao Q, Wu Y, Vadgama JV, Wang P. Phytochemicals in Inhibition of Prostate Cancer: Evidence from Molecular Mechanisms Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1306. [PMID: 36139145 PMCID: PMC9496067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death for men worldwide. The development of resistance, toxicity, and side effects of conventional therapies have made prostate cancer treatment become more intensive and aggressive. Many phytochemicals isolated from plants have shown to be tumor cytotoxic. In vitro laboratory studies have revealed that natural compounds can affect cancer cell proliferation by modulating many crucial cellular signaling pathways frequently dysregulated in prostate cancer. A multitude of natural compounds have been found to induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell growth, and suppress angiogenesis. In addition, combinatorial use of natural compounds with hormone and/or chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect in a less toxic manner, as suggested by pre-clinical studies. In this context, we systematically reviewed the currently available literature of naturally occurring compounds isolated from vegetables, fruits, teas, and herbs, with their relevant mechanisms of action in prostate cancer. As there is increasing data on how phytochemicals interfere with diverse molecular pathways in prostate cancer, this review discusses and emphasizes the implicated molecular pathways of cell proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and autophagy as important processes that control tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In conclusion, the elucidation of the natural compounds' chemical structure-based anti-cancer mechanisms will facilitate drug development and the optimization of drug combinations. Phytochemicals, as anti-cancer agents in the treatment of prostate cancer, can have significant health benefits for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Chimplee S, Roytrakul S, Sukrong S, Srisawat T, Graidist P, Kanokwiroon K. Anticancer Effects and Molecular Action of 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide in G2/M-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:407. [PMID: 35056723 PMCID: PMC8779136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. TNBC cells respond poorly to targeted chemotherapies currently in use and the mortality rate of TNBC remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new chemotherapeutic agents for TNBC. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF), derived from Grangea maderaspatana, on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT assay. The mode of action of 7HF in TNBC cells treated with 6, 12 and 24 µM of 7HF was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell cycle analysis and annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate + PI staining for detecting apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of 7HF in TNBC cells was investigated by evaluating protein expression using proteomic techniques and western blotting. Subsequently, 7HF exhibited the strongest anti-TNBC activity toward MDA-MB-468 cells and a concomitantly weak toxicity toward normal breast cells. The molecular mechanism of action of low-dose 7HF in TNBC cells primarily involved G2/M-phase arrest through upregulation of the expression of Bub3, cyclin B1, phosphorylated Cdk1 (Tyr 15) and p53-independent p21. Contrastingly, the upregulation of PP2A-A subunit expression may have modulated the suppression of various cell survival proteins such as p-Akt (Ser 473), FoxO3a and β-catenin. The concurrent apoptotic effect of 7HF on the treated cells was mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic modes through the upregulation of Bax and active cleaved caspase-7-9 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 and full-length caspase-7-9 expression. Notably, the proteomic approach revealed the upregulation of the expression of pivotal protein clusters associated with G1/S-phase arrest, G2/M-phase transition and apoptosis. Thus, 7HF exhibits promising anti-TNBC activity and at a low dose, it modulates signal transduction associated with G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphorn Chimplee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Theera Srisawat
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Surat Thani Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand;
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fisheries, Surat Thani Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.C.); (P.G.)
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Tuli HS, Mistry H, Kaur G, Aggarwal D, Garg VK, Mittal S, Yerer MB, Sak K, Khan MA. Gallic acid: a dietary polyphenol that exhibits anti-neoplastic activities by modulating multiple oncogenic targets. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:499-514. [PMID: 34802408 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211119085834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are being used for thousands of years to prevent dreadful malignancy. Side effects of existing allopathic treatment have also initiated intense research in the field of bioactive phytochemicals. Gallic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, exists freely as well as in polymeric forms. The anti-cancer properties of gallic acid are indomitable by a variety of cellular pathways such as induction of programmed cell death, cell cycle apprehension, reticence of vasculature and tumor migration, and inflammation. Furthermore, gallic acid is found to show synergism with other existing chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the antineoplastic role of gallic acid suggests its promising therapeutic candidature in the near future. The present review describes all these aspects of gallic acid at a single platform. In addition nanotechnology-mediated approaches are also discussed to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana. India
| | - Hiral Mistry
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra. India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra. India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana. India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab. India
| | - Sonam Mittal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. India
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology, Erciyes University Drug Application and Research Center, 05056784551. Turkey
| | | | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000. China
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12
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Jiang Y, Pei J, Zheng Y, Miao YJ, Duan BZ, Huang LF. Gallic Acid: A Potential Anti-Cancer Agent. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:661-671. [PMID: 34755289 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide and definitive therapeutics for treating cancer are not yet available despite extensive research efforts. The key challenges include limiting factors connected with traditional chemotherapeutics, primarily drug resistance, low response rates, and adverse side-effects. Therefore, there is a high demand for novel anti-cancer drugs that are both potent and safe for cancer prevention and treatment. Gallic acid (GA), a natural botanic phenolic compound, can mediate various therapeutic properties that are involved in anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer activities. More recently, GA has been shown to exert anti-cancer activities via several biological pathways that include migration, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis, and oncogene expression. This review discusses two aspects, one is the anti-cancer potential of GA against different types of cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms, the other is the bibliometric analysis of GA in cancer and tumor research. The results indicated that lung cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, and colon adenocarcinoma may become a hot topic in further research. Overall, this review provides evidence that GA represents a promising novel, potent, and safe anti-cancer drug candidate for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, 671000, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Jing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bao-Zhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, 671000, China
| | - Lin-Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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13
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Mirzaei S, Hashemi F, Samarghandian S, Zabolian A, Hushmandi K, Ang HL, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Ahn KS, Nabavi N, Khan H, Makvandi P, Varma RS. Gallic acid for cancer therapy: Molecular mechanisms and boosting efficacy by nanoscopical delivery. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112576. [PMID: 34571052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Majority of recent research efforts in the field aim to address why cancer resistance to therapy develops and how to overcome or prevent it. In line with this, novel anti-cancer compounds are desperately needed for chemoresistant cancer cells. Phytochemicals, in view of their pharmacological activities and capacity to target various molecular pathways, are of great interest in the development of therapeutics against cancer. Plant-derived-natural products have poor bioavailability which restricts their anti-tumor activity. Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid exclusively found in natural sources such as gallnut, sumac, tea leaves, and oak bark. In this review, we report on the most recent research related to anti-tumor activities of GA in various cancers with a focus on its underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular pathwaysthat that lead to apoptosis and migration of cancer cells. GA down-regulates the expression of molecular pathways involved in cancer progression such as PI3K/Akt. The co-administration of GA with chemotherapeutic agents shows improvements in suppressing cancer malignancy. Various nano-vehicles such as organic- and inorganic nano-materials have been developed for targeted delivery of GA at the tumor site. Here, we suggest that nano-vehicles improve GA bioavailability and its ability for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Phd student of pharmacology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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14
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Yadav SA, Faruck LH, Subramanium R, Surendren LK, Bakshi H. Screening and assessment of molecular mechanistic actions of 5-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-2-one against free radicals, lung cancer cell line (A549), and binding properties on bovine serum albumin. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Natural products play a key role in treating different ailment including diabetes, asthma, skin diseases, and cancer. It is well known that synthetic drugs elicit significant toxicity when used in the clinic. A higher drug affinity towards carrier protein Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) would enhance a higher drug bioavailability which in turn leads to a higher therapeutic efficacy. The focus of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and anti-cancer potential of 5-hyrdoxy1-methylpiperidin-2-one (5-HMP) isolated from leaves of Tragia involucrata.
Methods and material
In vitro free radical scavenging assays and MTT assay were employed to assess the antioxidant activity of 5-HMP and cytotoxicity of 5-HMP on lung cancer cell line, A549, respectively. In addition, attempts were made to investigate 5-HMP binding capacity on BSA by spectral studies and molecular docking.
Results
The antioxidant data revealed that 5-HMP inhibited the radicals with an IC50 value of 49.55 ± 0.75 μg/ml which was comparable with the IC50 values afforded by l-ascorbic acid. 5-HMP exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity on A549 cells with an IC50 value of 30.00 ± 0.55 μg/ml. further 5-HMP induced a cell cycle arrest in A549 at S and G2/M phase. The fluorescence quenching was observed when an increasing concentration of 5-HMP, reacts with a fixed concentration of BSA (1.0 μM). The fluorescence quenching of BSA by 5-HMP indicated a binding constant of K5-HMP = 2.8 ± 1.4 × 104M−1 with corresponding binding free energy (ΔG)−6.06 K.cal/mole.
Conclusions
This paper concluded that 5-HMP possesses antioxidant properties, cytotoxic effects and also it possesses good drug binding properties on bovine serum albumin.
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15
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Graminha AE, Honorato J, Correa RS, Cominetti MR, Menezes ACS, Batista AA. A novel ruthenium(ii) gallic acid complex disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and inhibits migration, invasion and adhesion of triple negative breast tumor cells. Dalton Trans 2020; 50:323-335. [PMID: 33305766 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03490h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis of three new ruthenium(ii) complexes with gallic acid and derivatives of the general formula [Ru(L)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6, where L = gallate (GAC), benzoate (BAC), and esterified-gallate (EGA), bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, NMR, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, and two of them by X-ray crystallography. Cell viability assays show promising results, indicating higher cytotoxicity of the complexes in MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, compared with the hormone-dependent MCF-7 cell line. Studies in vitro with the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed that only Ru(BAC) and Ru(GAC) interacted with BSA. Besides that, the Ru(GAC) complex, which has a polyphenolic acid, interacted in an apo-Tf structure and function dependent manner and it was able to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species. Ru(GAC) was able to cause damage to the cellular cytoskeleton leading to inhibition of some cellular processes of TNBC cells, such as invasion, migration, and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica E Graminha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís Km 235, CP 676, 13561-901, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Annona G, Tarallo A, Nittoli V, Varricchio E, Sordino P, D'Aniello S, Paolucci M. Short-term exposure to the simple polyphenolic compound gallic acid induces neuronal hyperactivity in zebrafish larvae. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1367-1377. [PMID: 33098676 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the biological effects of polyphenols are not restricted to antioxidant activity, but they exert a wide range of modulatory effects on metabolic pathways, cellular signaling and gene expression. In this study, we tested the minimum safe concentration of gallic acid (GA) in 72 hpf zebrafish larvae in order to evaluate the effects on the central nervous system and the behavioral response. We showed that a short exposure (30 min) induces the depletion of the two main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, Glu and GABA, respectively, in the larval nervous system. The acute impairment of GABAergic-glutamatergic balance was paralleled by an increase of the fosab neuronal activity marker in specific brain areas, such as the forebrain, olfactory bulbs, pallial area, ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and the medulla oblongata ventral area. The neuronal excitation was mirrored by the increased cumulative motor response. The inhibition of the olfactory epithelium with brief cadmium exposition suggests a direct involvement of olfaction in the larvae response to GA. Our results demonstrate that a brief exposure to GA induces motoneuronal hyperexcitability in zebrafish. The behavioral response was probably elicited through the activation of an odorous, or chemical, stimulus. The specificity of the activated neuronal territories suggests the involvement of additional signaling pathways. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated, our data support the hypothesis that GA acts as an excitatory molecule, capable of inducing a specific nerve response. These results offer a new vision on potential effects of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Annona
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarallo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Valeria Nittoli
- Biogem s.c.ar.l, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche G. Salvatore, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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17
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Ren L, Ma X, Zhang J, Qiang T. Preparation of gallic acid modified waterborne polyurethane made from bio-based polyol. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Maruszewska A, Tarasiuk J. Antitumour effects of selected plant polyphenols, gallic acid and ellagic acid, on sensitive and multidrug-resistant leukaemia HL60 cells. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1208-1221. [PMID: 30838722 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the antitumour effects of plant phenolic acids, gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA), on human promyelocytic leukaemia sensitive HL60 cell line and its resistant sublines exhibiting two MDR phenotypes: HL60/VINC (overexpressing P-glycoprotein) and HL60/MX2 (characterized by the presence of mutated α isoform of topoisomerase II). Both studied compounds exerted comparable cytotoxic activities towards sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. It was also found that GA and EA modulated the cellular level of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that GA (IC90 ) and EA (IC50 and IC90 ) significantly increased the percentage of sub-G1 subpopulation of all studied leukaemia cells causing oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Both compounds used at IC90 triggered mainly the apoptotic death of these cells. However, GA had no effect on the activity of caspase-3 as well as caspase-8 in sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. In contrast, EA provoked a significant activation of these caspases in all studied leukaemia cells. It was also found that lysosomes were not involved in triggering programmed death of sensitive HL60 and MDR cells by GA and EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maruszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, 3c Felczaka St, Szczecin, 71-412, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Jolanta Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, 3c Felczaka St, Szczecin, 71-412, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
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20
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Wutticharoenmongkol P, Hannirojram P, Nuthong P. Gallic acid-loaded electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers as potential wound dressing materials. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pornchita Hannirojram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand 12120
| | - Pimchanok Nuthong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand 12120
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21
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Li C, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Yan W, Si C, Lee MH, Li Z. Inhibitory Effects of the Extracts of Juglans sigillata Green Husks on the Proliferation, Migration and Survival of KYSE150 and EC9706 Human Esophageal Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:149-158. [PMID: 30633592 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1557223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Cancer Center of Minimally Invasive and Comprehensive Therapy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, P.R. China
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22
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Bruni E, Reichle A, Scimeca M, Bonanno E, Ghibelli L. Lowering Etoposide Doses Shifts Cell Demise From Caspase-Dependent to Differentiation and Caspase-3-Independent Apoptosis via DNA Damage Response, Inducing AML Culture Extinction. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1307. [PMID: 30483138 PMCID: PMC6243040 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy, still the most widely adopted anticancer treatment, aims at eliminating cancer cells inducing apoptosis with DNA damaging agents, exploiting the differential replication rate of cancer vs. normal cells; efficiency is evaluated in terms of extent of induced apoptosis, which depends on the individual cell sensitivity to a given drug, and on the dose. In this in vitro study, we report that the concentration of etoposide, a topoisomerase II poison widely used in clinics, determines both the kinetics of cell death, and the type of apoptosis induced. We observed that on a set of myeloid leukemia cell lines, etoposide at high (50 uM) dose promoted a rapid caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, whereas at low (0.5 uM) dose, it induced morphological and functional granulocytic differentiation and caspase-2-dependent, but caspase-3-independent, cell death, displaying features consistent with apoptosis. Both differentiation and caspase-2- (but not 3)-mediated apoptosis were contrasted by caffeine, a well-known inhibitor of the cellular DNA damage response (DDR), which maintained cell viability and cycling, indicating that the effects of low etoposide dose are not the immediate consequence of damage, but the result of a signaling pathway. DDR may be thus the mediator responsible for translating a mere dosage-effect into different signal transduction pathways, highlighting a strategic action in regulating timing and mode of cell death according to the severity of induced damage. The evidence of different molecular pathways induced by high vs. low drug doses may possibly contribute to explain the different effects of cytotoxic vs. metronomic therapy, the latter achieving durable clinical responses by treating cancer patients with stable, low doses of otherwise canonical cytotoxic drugs; intriguingly caspase-3, a major promoter of wounded tissue regeneration, is also a key factor of post-therapy cancer repopulation. All this suggests that cancer control in response to cytotoxic drugs arises from complex reprogramming mechanisms in tumor tissue, recently described as anakoinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bruni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Diagnostica Medica and Villa dei Platani, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy
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23
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Wei J, Su H, Bi Y, Li J, Feng L, Sheng W. Anti-proliferative effect of isorhamnetin on HeLa cells through inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3917-3923. [PMID: 29563987 PMCID: PMC5858116 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major cancer type in females, cervical cancer has been explored in depth by researchers. HeLa is a cervical cancer cell line. Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavonol that is primarily extracted from sea buckthorn. In the present study, the anti-proliferative effect of isorhamnetin on HeLa cells was evaluated using a Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Isorhamnetin inhibited the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle distribution revealed that isorhamnetin inhibited the cell cycle progression of HeLa by causing G2/M phase arrest and decreasing the proportion of cells in G1 phase. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of certain cell cycle-associated proteins. It was demonstrated that isorhamnetin inhibited the protein expression of cyclin B1, cell division cycle 25C (Cdc25C) and Cdc2, but enhanced checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), Cdc25C and Cdc2 phosphorylation. In addition, tubulin depolymerization participated in the isorhamnetin-induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. In conclusion, the present results indicated that the anti-proliferative action of isorhamnetin is associated with arrest of the cell cycle in G2/M phase, which is a consequence of activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated Chk2 pathway and disruption of microtubule function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Hailan Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Lidan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
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24
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Chhikara N, Kaur R, Jaglan S, Sharma P, Gat Y, Panghal A. Bioactive compounds and pharmacological and food applications of Syzygium cumini– a review. Food Funct 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00654g pmid: 30379170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present review explores the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological potential as well as diverse food usages ofSyzygium cumini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnidhi Chhikara
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Division of Microbial Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR
- India
| | | | - Yogesh Gat
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
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Chhikara N, Kaur R, Jaglan S, Sharma P, Gat Y, Panghal A. Bioactive compounds and pharmacological and food applications ofSyzygium cumini– a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:6096-6115. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present review explores the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological potential as well as diverse food usages ofSyzygium cumini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnidhi Chhikara
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Division of Microbial Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR
- India
| | | | - Yogesh Gat
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
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Lin ML, Chen SS. Activation of Casein Kinase II by Gallic Acid Induces BIK-BAX/BAK-Mediated ER Ca ++-ROS-Dependent Apoptosis of Human Oral Cancer Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:761. [PMID: 29033852 PMCID: PMC5627504 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of the generation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca++)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by gallic acid (GA) has been implicated in the mitochondrial apoptotic death of human oral cancer (OC) cells, but the molecular mechanism by which GA causes ER Ca++ release of OC cells to undergo cell death remains unclear. Here, we report that GA-induced phosphorylation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-interacting killer (BIK) (threonine (Thr) 33/Serine (Ser) 35) and p53 (Ser 15 and Ser 392), Bcl-2-associated x protein (BAX)/BCL-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK) oligomerization on the ER and mitochondria, rising of cytosolic Ca++ and ROS, cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from the mitochondria, Ψm loss, and apoptosis were suppressed in cells co-treated with a specific inhibitor of casein kinase II (CK II) (4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole). Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated suppression of BIK inhibited GA-induced oligomeric complex of BAX/BAK in the ER and mitochondria, increase of cytosolic Ca++ and ROS, and apoptosis, but did not attenuate the increase in the level of Ser 15-phosphated p53 induced by GA. Blockade of p53 expression by short hairpin RNA suppressed BAX/BAK oligomerization and ER Ca++–ROS-associated apoptosis induced by GA but did not affect GA-induced phospho-BIK (Thr 33/Ser 35) levels. Induction of mitochondrial Cyt c release and ROS generation, increased cytosolic Ca++ level, and apoptosis by GA was attenuated by expression of the BAX or BAK siRNA. Over-expression of BCL-2 (but not BCL-XL) inhibited formation of ER oligomeric BAX/BAK by GA. Our results demonstrated that activation of the CK II by GA is required for the BIK-mediated ROS-dependent apoptotic activity of ER-associated BAX/BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Park WH. Gallic acid inhibits the growth of calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cells through cell death and glutathione depletion. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7805-7812. [PMID: 29048101 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) exhibits a number of cellular effects, including apoptosis, which is associated with oxidative stress. The present study investigated the effects of GA on calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (CPAEC) growth and death, along with the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). GA treatment inhibited the growth of CPAECs at 24 h, and the half‑maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of GA was ~30 µM. GA treatment also induced cell death, which was accompanied by a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔѰm). GA treatment in CPAECs resulted in decreased ROS levels, including O2•‑, whereas the number of GSH‑depleted cells increased. Neither a pan‑caspase inhibitor (benzyloxycarbonyl‑Val‑Ala‑Asp‑fluoromethylketone) nor buthionine sulfoximine treatment affected GA‑induced cell growth inhibition, cell death, ROS and GSH levels in CPAECs, whereas co‑treatment with N‑acetyl‑cysteine (NAC) resulted in enhanced cell growth inhibition, cell death and ΔѰm loss in these cells. Although NAC treatment did not significantly influence ROS levels in GA‑treated CPAECs, it significantly enhanced GSH depletion in these cells. In conclusion, GA inhibited the growth of CPAECs via cell death, which was associated with GSH depletion rather than alterations to ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54907, Republic of Korea
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Yang HL, Thiyagarajan V, Liao JW, Chu YL, Chang CT, Huang PJ, Hsu CJ, Hseu YC. Toona sinensis Inhibits Murine Leukemia WEHI-3 Cells and Promotes Immune Response In Vivo. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 16:308-318. [PMID: 27151590 PMCID: PMC5759945 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416642863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis (TS) is one of the most popular vegetarian dishes in Taiwan. It has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiangiogenic, antiatherosclerotic, and anticancer properties. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of aqueous leaf extracts from TS to promote immune responses in BALB/c mice and to exhibit anti-leukemia activity in murine WEHI-3 cells. BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with WEHI-3 cells and then treated orally with TS (50 mg/kg). In vivo study showed that TS treatment reduced liver and spleen enlargement in WEHI-3 bearing mice compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, TS also decreased white blood cells (WBC), indicating inhibition of differentiation of the precursor of macrophages in WEHI-3 bearing mice. Treatment of WEHI-3 cells with TS (0-75 μg/mL for 24 hours) significantly reduced cell viability. Furthermore, TS treatment-induced late apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin-V/PI staining. Western blot analyses revealed that treatment of WEHI-3 cells with TS statistically increased the protein expression level of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm and activates caspase-3. Notably, TS treatment caused a dramatic reduction in Bcl-2 and increase in Bax protein levels. TS may disturb the Bcl-2 and Bax protein ratio and induce apoptosis. This reports confirms the antitumor activity of this nutritious vegetable potentially against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu-Lin Chu
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - You-Cheng Hseu
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Pounis G, Tabolacci C, Costanzo S, Cordella M, Bonaccio M, Rago L, D'Arcangelo D, Filippo Di Castelnuovo A, de Gaetano G, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, Facchiano F. Reduction by coffee consumption of prostate cancer risk: Evidence from the Moli-sani cohort and cellular models. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:72-82. [PMID: 28436066 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analytic data on the effect of coffee in prostate cancer risk are controversial. Caffeine as a bioactive compound of coffee has not yet been studied in deep in vitro. Our study aimed at evaluating in a population cohort the effect of Italian-style coffee consumption on prostate cancer risk and at investigating in vitro the potential antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity of caffeine on prostate cancer cell lines. 6,989 men of the Moli-sani cohort aged ≥50 years were followed for a mean of 4.24 ± 1.35 years and 100 new prostate cancer cases were identified. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for the dietary assessment and the evaluation of Italian-style coffee consumption. Two human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU145, were tested with increasing concentrations of caffeine, and their proliferative/metastatic features were evaluated. The newly diagnosed prostate cancer participants presented lower coffee consumption (60.1 ± 51.3 g/day) compared to the disease-free population (74.0 ± 51.7 g/day) (p < 0.05). Multiadjusted analysis showed that the subjects at highest consumption (>3 cups/day) had 53% lower prostate cancer risk as compared to participants at the lowest consumption (0-2 cups/day) (p = 0.02). Both human prostate cancer cell lines treated with caffeine showed a significant reduction in their proliferative and metastatic behaviors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduction by Italian-style coffee consumption of prostate cancer risk (>3 cups/day) was observed in epidemiological level. Caffeine appeared to exert both antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity on two prostate cancer cell lines, thus providing a cellular confirmation for the cohort study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pounis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo - NEUROMED, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo - NEUROMED, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Martina Cordella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo - NEUROMED, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Livia Rago
- Epicomed Research Srl. Campobasso, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology. Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo - NEUROMED, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo - NEUROMED, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo - NEUROMED, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, Rome, Italy
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- The Moli-sani study investigators are listed in the appendix
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Sánchez-Carranza JN, Alvarez L, Marquina-Bahena S, Salas-Vidal E, Cuevas V, Jiménez EW, Veloz G RA, Carraz M, González-Maya L. Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Caesalpinia coriaria Induce S and G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest Differentially and Trigger Cell Death by Interfering with Microtubule Dynamics in Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040666. [PMID: 28441723 PMCID: PMC6154320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caesalpinia coriaria (C. coriaria), also named cascalote, has been known traditionally in México for having cicatrizing and inflammatory properties. Phytochemical reports on Caesalpinia species have identified a high content of phenolic compounds and shown antineoplastic effects against cancer cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the active compounds of a water:acetone:ethanol (WAE) extract of C. coriaria pods and characterize their cytotoxic effect and cell death induction in different cancer cell lines. The compounds isolated and identified by chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were stigmasterol, ethyl gallate and gallic acid. Cytotoxic assays on cancer cells showed different ranges of activities. A differential effect on cell cycle progression was observed by flow cytometry. In particular, ethyl gallate and tannic acid induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and showed interesting effect on microtubule stabilization in Hep3B cells observed by immunofluorescence. The induction of apoptosis was characterized by morphological characteristic changes, and was supported by increases in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression and activation of caspase 3/7. This work constitutes the first phytochemical and cytotoxic study of C. coriaria and showed the action of its phenolic constituents on cell cycle, cell death and microtubules organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nayelli Sánchez-Carranza
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Silvia Marquina-Bahena
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Salas-Vidal
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62209 Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Cuevas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth W Jiménez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Rafael A Veloz G
- Departamento de Ingenieria Agroindustrial, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salvatierra, C.P. 38000 Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Maelle Carraz
- UMR152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Leticia González-Maya
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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31
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Park WH. Gallic acid induces HeLa cell death via increasing GSH depletion rather than ROS levels. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:1277-1283. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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32
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Leelawat S, Leelawat K. Molecular mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma cell inhibition by medicinal plants. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:961-966. [PMID: 28356985 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality in Thailand. Certain phytochemicals have been demonstrated to modulate apoptotic signaling pathways, which may be targeted for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of specific medicinal plants on the inhibition of CCA cell proliferation, and to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this. A WST-1 cell proliferation assay was performed using an RMCCA1 cell line, and apoptotic signaling pathways were also investigated using a PathScan Stress and Apoptosis Signaling Antibody Array Kit. The cell proliferation assay indicated that extracts from the Phyllanthus emblica fruit pulp (PEf), Phyllanthus emblica seed (PEs), Terminalia chebula fruit pulp (TCf), Terminalia chebula seed (TCs), Areca catechu seed (ACs), Curcuma longa (CL) and Moringa oleifera seed (MOs) exerted anti-proliferative activity in RMCCA1 cells. In addition, the PathScan assay revealed that certain pro-apoptotic molecules, including caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, checkpoint kinase 2 and tumor protein 53, exhibited increased activity in RMCCA1 cells treated with the aforementioned selected plant extracts, with the exception of PEf. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (including ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK) expression level was significantly increased in RMCCA1 cells pre-treated with extracts of PEs, TCf, CL and MOs. The activation of protein kinase B (Akt) was significantly demonstrated in RMCCA1 cells pre-treated with extracts of TCf, ACs and MOs. In summary, the present study demonstrated that extracts of PEs, TCf, TCs, ACs, CL and MOs exhibited anti-proliferative effects in CCA cells by inducing pro-apoptotic signals and modulating signal transduction molecules. Further studies in vivo are required to demonstrate the potential applications of specific plant extracts for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surang Leelawat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Amphoe Mueang, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Kawin Leelawat
- Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Lima KG, Krause GC, Schuster AD, Catarina AV, Basso BS, De Mesquita FC, Pedrazza L, Marczak ES, Martha BA, Nunes FB, Chiela ECF, Jaeger N, Thomé MP, Haute GV, Dias HB, Donadio MVF, De Oliveira JR. Gallic acid reduces cell growth by induction of apoptosis and reduction of IL-8 in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1282-1290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nam B, Rho JK, Shin DM, Son J. Gallic acid induces apoptosis in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancers by accelerating EGFR turnover. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4571-4575. [PMID: 27597244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid is a common botanic phenolic compound, which is present in plants and foods worldwide. Gallic acid is implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. Indeed, gallic acid has been shown to induce apoptosis in many cancer types. However, the molecular mechanisms of gallic acid-induced apoptosis in cancer, particularly lung cancer, are still unclear. Here, we report that gallic acid induces apoptosis in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but not in EGFR-WT NSCLC cells. Treatment with gallic acid resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation and induction of apoptosis, only in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Interestingly, treatment with gallic acid led to a robust decrease in EGFR levels, which is critical for NSCLC survival. Treatment with gallic acid had no significant effect on transcription, but induced EGFR turnover. Indeed, treatment with a proteasome inhibitor dramatically reversed gallic acid-induced EGFR downregulation. Moreover, treatment with gallic acid induced EGFR turnover leading to apoptosis in EGFR-TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)-resistant cell lines, which are dependent on EGFR signaling for survival. Thus, these studies suggest that gallic acid can induce apoptosis in EGFR-dependent lung cancers that are dependent on EGFR for growth and survival via acceleration of EGFR turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boas Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
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Timiri Shanmugam PS, Nair RP, De Benedetti A, Caldito G, Abreo F, Sunavala-Dossabhoy G. Tousled kinase activator, gallic acid, promotes homologous recombinational repair and suppresses radiation cytotoxicity in salivary gland cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 93:217-26. [PMID: 26855419 PMCID: PMC5257199 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Accidental or medical radiation exposure of the salivary glands can gravely impact oral health. Previous studies have shown the importance of Tousled-like kinase 1 (TLK1) and its alternate start variant TLK1B in cell survival against genotoxic stresses. Through a high-throughput library screening of natural compounds, the phenolic phytochemical, gallic acid (GA), was identified as a modulator of TLK1/1B. This small molecule possesses anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging properties, but in this study, we report that in vitro it promotes survival of human salivary acinar cells, NS-SV-AC, through repair of ionizing radiation damage. Irradiated cells treated with GA show improved clonogenic survival compared to untreated controls. And, analyses of DNA repair kinetics by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis and γ-H2AX foci immunofluorescence indicate rapid resolution of DNA breaks in drug-treated cells. Study of DR-GFP transgene repair indicates GA facilitates homologous recombinational repair to establish a functional GFP gene. In contrast, inactivation of TLK1 or its shRNA knockdown suppressed resolution of radiation-induced DNA tails in NS-SV-AC, and homology directed repair in DR-GFP cells. Consistent with our results in culture, animals treated with GA after exposure to fractionated radiation showed better preservation of salivary function compared to saline-treated animals. Our results suggest that GA-mediated transient modulation of TLK1 activity promotes DNA repair and suppresses radiation cytoxicity in salivary gland cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Srinivasan Timiri Shanmugam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Renjith Parameshwaran Nair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Arrigo De Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Gloria Caldito
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Fleurette Abreo
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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Zhang R, Zhu L, Zhang L, Xu A, Li Z, Xu Y, He P, Wu M, Wei F, Wang C. PTEN enhances G2/M arrest in etoposide-treated MCF‑7 cells through activation of the ATM pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2707-14. [PMID: 26986476 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As an effective tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has attracted the increased attention of scientists. Recent studies have shown that PTEN plays unique roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) and can interact with the Chk1 pathway. However, little is known about how PTEN contributes to DDR through the ATM-Chk2 pathway. It is well-known that etoposide induces G2/M arrest in a variety of cell lines, including MCF-7 cells. The DNA damage-induced G2/M arrest results from the activation of protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), followed by the activation of Chk2 that subsequently inactivates CDC25C, resulting in G2/M arrest. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of PTEN to the etoposide-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. PTEN was knocked down in MCF-7 cells by specific shRNA, and the effects of PTEN on the ATM-Chk2 pathway were investigated through various approaches. The results showed that knockdown of PTEN strongly antagonized ATM activation in response to etoposide treatment, and thereby reduced the phosphorylation level of ATM substrates, including H2AX, P53 and Chk2. Furthermore, depletion of PTEN reduced the etoposide-induced phosphorylation of CDC25C and strikingly compromised etoposide-induced G2/M arrest in the MCF-7 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that PTEN plays a unique role in etoposide-induced G2/M arrest by facilitating the activation of the ATM pathway, and PTEN was required for the proper activation of checkpoints in response to DNA damage in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Anli Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Clinical Medicine College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Clinical Medicine College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Pei He
- Clinical Medicine College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Maoqing Wu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Chenhong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
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Alonso C, Martí M, Barba C, Lis M, Rubio L, Coderch L. Skin penetration and antioxidant effect of cosmeto-textiles with gallic acid. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 156:50-5. [PMID: 26848532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the antioxidant gallic acid (GA) has been encapsulated in microspheres prepared with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and incorporated into polyamide (PA) obtaining the cosmeto-textile. The topical application of the cosmeto-textile provides a reservoir effect in the skin delivery of GA. The close contact of the cosmeto-textile, containing microsphere-encapsulated GA (ME-GA), with the skin and their corresponding occlusion, may be the main reasons that explain the crossing of active principle (GA) through the skin barrier, located in the stratum corneum, and its penetration into the different compartments of the skin, epidermis and dermis. An ex vivo assessment was performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of the ME-GA on the stratum corneum (SC) using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) test. The test is based on a non-invasive ex vivo methodology that evaluates lipid peroxides formed in the outermost layers of the SC from human volunteers after UV radiation to determine the effectiveness of an antioxidant. In this case, a ME-GA cosmeto-textile or ME-GA formulation were applied to the skin in vivo and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the horny layer were determined after UV irradiation. This methodology may be used as a quality control tool to determine ex vivo the percentage of LPO inhibition on human SC for a variety of antioxidants that are topically applied, in this case GA. Results show that LPO formation was inhibited in human SC when GA was applied directly or embedded in the cosmeto-textile, demonstrating the effectiveness of both applications. The percentage of LPO inhibition obtained after both topical applications was approximately 10% for the cosmeto-textile and 41% for the direct application of microspheres containing GA. This methodology could be used to determine the effectiveness of topically applied antioxidants encapsulated in cosmeto-textiles on human SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alonso
- Department of Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Institute of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Martí
- Department of Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Institute of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Barba
- Department of Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Institute of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Lis
- Terrassa School of Engineering (EET-UPC), Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - L Rubio
- Department of Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Institute of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Coderch
- Department of Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Institute of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Tripathi A, Chaube SK. Roscovitine inhibits extrusion of second polar body and induces apoptosis in rat eggs cultured in vitro. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:866-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tan S, Guan X, Grün C, Zhou Z, Schepers U, Nick P. Gallic acid induces mitotic catastrophe and inhibits centrosomal clustering in HeLa cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:506-13. [PMID: 26368671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells divide rapidly, providing medical targets for anticancer agents. The polyphenolic gallic acid (GA) is known to be toxic for certain cancer cells. However, the cellular mode of action has not been elucidated. Therefore, the current study addressed a potential effect of GA on the mitosis of cancer cells. GA inhibited viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. We could show, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), that this inhibition was accompanied by elevated frequency of cells arrested at the G2/M transition. This cell-cycle arrest was accompanied by mitotic catastrophe, and formation of cells with multiple nuclei. These aberrations were preceded by impaired centrosomal clustering. We arrive at a model of action, where GA inhibits the progression of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase by impairing centrosomal clustering which will stimulate mitotic catastrophe. Thus, GA has potential as compound against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Xin Guan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Christoph Grün
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
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Wu CC, Huang KF, Yang TY, Li YL, Wen CL, Hsu SL, Chen TH. The Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitor Austrobailignan-1 Isolated from Koelreuteria henryi Induces a G2/M-Phase Arrest and Cell Death Independently of p53 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132052. [PMID: 26147394 PMCID: PMC4492957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, an endemic plant of Taiwan, has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, enteritis, cough, pharyngitis, allergy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Austrobailignan-1, a natural lignan derivative isolated from Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, has anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties. However, the effects of austrobailignan-1 on human cancer cells have not been studied yet. Here, we showed that austrobailignan-1 inhibited cell growth of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H1299 cell lines in both dose- and time-dependent manners, the IC50 value (48 h) of austrobailignan-1 were 41 and 22 nM, respectively. Data from flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment with austrobailignan-1 for 24 h retarded the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The molecular event of austrobailignan-1-mediated G2/M phase arrest was associated with the increase of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression, and decrease of Cdc25C expression. Moreover, treatment with 100 nM austrobailignan-1 for 48 h resulted in a pronounced release of cytochrome c followed by the activation of caspase-2, -3, and -9, and consequently induced apoptosis. These events were accompanied by the increase of PUMA and Bax, and the decrease of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, our study also showed that austrobailignan-1 was a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, as evidenced by a relaxation assay and induction of a DNA damage response signaling pathway, including ATM, and Chk1, Chk2, γH2AX phosphorylated activation. Overall, our results suggest that austrobailignan-1 is a novel DNA damaging agent and displays a topoisomerase I inhibitory activity, causes DNA strand breaks, and consequently induces DNA damage response signaling for cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in a p53 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Keh-Feng Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Propagation Technology Section, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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Bejarano I, Godoy-Cancho B, Franco L, Martínez-Cañas MA, Tormo MA. Quercus Suber L. Cork Extracts Induce Apoptosis in Human Myeloid Leukaemia HL-60 Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1180-7. [PMID: 26052936 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Quercus suber L. cork contains a diversity of phenolic compounds, mostly low molecular weight phenols. A rising number of reports support with convergent findings that polyphenols evoke pro-apoptotic events in cancerous cells. However, the literature related to the anti-cancer bioactivity of Q. suber L. cork extractives (QSE) is still limited. Herein, we aim to describe the antitumor potential displayed by cork extractives obtained by different extraction methods in the human promyelocytic leukaemia cells. In order to quantify the effects of QSE on cancer cells viability, phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle were evaluated. The results indicated that the QSE present a time-dependent and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in the human promyelocytic leukaemia cells. Such a noxious effect leads these leukaemia cells to their death through apoptotic processes by altering the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, activating caspase-3 and externalizing phosphatidylserine. However, cells cycle progression was not affected by the treatments. This study contributes to open a new way to use this natural resource by exploiting its anti-cancer properties. Moreover, it opens new possibilities of application of cork by-products, being more efficient in the sector of cork-based agriculture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Bejarano
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Belén Godoy-Cancho
- Institute of Cork, Wood and Charcoal. Centre for Scientific Research and Technology in Extremadura (CICYTEX), Government of Extremadura, Mérida, Spain
| | - Lourdes Franco
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel A Martínez-Cañas
- Institute of Cork, Wood and Charcoal. Centre for Scientific Research and Technology in Extremadura (CICYTEX), Government of Extremadura, Mérida, Spain
| | - María A Tormo
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Hsieh CL, Lin CH, Chen KC, Peng CC, Peng RY. The teratogenicity and the action mechanism of gallic acid relating with brain and cervical muscles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119516. [PMID: 26030624 PMCID: PMC4452303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) (GA) and other flavanoids are extensively used in nutraceuticals because of their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. While examining whether GA is effective in alleviating valproic-acid-induced teratogenesis in a chicken embryo model (CEM), we observed embryo hemorrhage and liposis in the musculi longissimus cervicis. We conducted this study to determine whether GA is inherently teratogenic and the extent to which the risk can be transferred to fetuses. A CEM was used to administer GA at 2, 6, 10, and 14 μM. GA at 2 μM did not exhibit cytotoxicity. At 6, 10, and 14 μM, GA caused severe decreases in body and liver weights, causing -5.6%, -21.3%, and -27.5% body weights and 4.0, 3.8, and 3.2-g, liver weights, respectively, in day-1 chicks. The optimal alive birth rate (or damaging rate) reached 33.3%, 39.4%, and 29.2% at 6, 10, and 14 μM GA, respectively. The damaged tissue was primarily cervical muscle (musculi longissimus cervicis), as evidenced by liposis, Zenker’s necrosis, and hemolysis. The erythrocyte, hemoglobin, eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were severely reduced and PPAR-α was downregulated, whereas the Ras/Raf/JAK/STAT pathway was upregulated. The GA dose required to induce teratogenesis was ≥ 6 μM (1.02 mg/kg), which can be easily consumed by pregnant women in typical teas such as Chinese Pu-’Er and Chinese black teas, indicating a potential risk to human fetuses. GA at doses ≥ 1.02 mg/kg of body weight potentially causes characteristic cerebral hemolysis and liposis in the musculi longissimus cervicis. The mechanism of action of GA is multidisciplinary: The liposis can be ascribed to downregulation of PPAR-α; the erythrocyte hemolysis can be attributed to its unique autooxidative and prooxidant behavior and the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase; and the proliferation and differentiation deficits can be attributed to the upregulation of the Ras/Raf/JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Lan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Chou Chen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KCC); (CCP)
| | - Chiung-Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KCC); (CCP)
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Kao YL, Kuo YM, Lee YR, Yang SF, Chen WR, Lee HJ. Apple polyphenol induces cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and mitotic catastrophe in human bladder transitional carcinoma cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dietary polyphenols in prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3350-76. [PMID: 25654230 PMCID: PMC4346900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent disease affecting males in many Western countries, with an estimated 29,480 deaths in 2014 in the US alone. Incidence rates for prostate cancer deaths have been decreasing since the early 1990s in men of all races/ethnicities, though they remain about 60% higher in African Americans than in any other group. The relationship between dietary polyphenols and the prevention of prostate cancer has been examined previously. Although results are sometimes inconsistent and variable, there is a general agreement that polyphenols hold great promise for the future management of prostate cancer. Various dietary components, including polyphenols, have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties. Generally considered as non-toxic, dietary polyphenols act as key modulators of signaling pathways and are therefore considered ideal chemopreventive agents. Besides possessing various anti-tumor properties, dietary polyphenols also contribute to epigenetic changes associated with the fate of cancer cells and have emerged as potential drugs for therapeutic intervention. Polyphenols have also been shown to affect post-translational modifications and microRNA expressions. This article provides a systematic review of the health benefits of selected dietary polyphenols in prostate cancer, especially focusing on the subclasses of polyphenols, which have a great effect on disease prevention and treatment.
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Subramanian AP, John AA, Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E, Yusof M. Gallic acid: prospects and molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid found in many dietary substances. It is a natural compound found in gallnuts, sumac, witch-hazel, clove, tealeaves, oak bark, sundew and other plants. Edibles like blackberry, hot chocolate, common walnut and Indian gooseberry contain GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - A. A. John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - M. V. Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - A. Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - S. K. Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Yusof
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
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46
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Badhani B, Sharma N, Kakkar R. Gallic acid: a versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a result of an overproduction and accumulation of free radicals, is the leading cause of several degenerative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, ageing and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Badhani
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
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Ma YC, Su N, Shi XJ, Zhao W, Ke Y, Zi X, Zhao NM, Qin YH, Zhao HW, Liu HM. Jaridonin-induced G2/M phase arrest in human esophageal cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen species-dependent Cdc2-tyr15 phosphorylation via ATM-Chk1/2-Cdc25C pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 282:227-36. [PMID: 25450480 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Jaridonin, a novel diterpenoid from Isodon rubescens, has been shown previously to inhibit proliferation of esophageal squamous cancer cells (ESCC) through G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. However, the involved mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the cell cycle arrest by Jaridonin was associated with the increased expression of phosphorylation of ATM at Ser1981 and Cdc2 at Tyr15. Jaridonin also resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Cdc25C via the activation of checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2, as well as in increased phospho-H2A.X (Ser139), which is known to be phosphorylated by ATM in response to DNA damage. Furthermore, Jaridonin-mediated alterations in cell cycle arrest were significantly attenuated in the presence of NAC, implicating the involvement of ROS in Jaridonin's effects. On the other hand, addition of ATM inhibitors reversed Jaridonin-related activation of ATM and Chk1/2 as well as phosphorylation of Cdc25C, Cdc2 and H2A.X and G2/M phase arrest. In conclusion, these findings identified that Jaridonin-induced cell cycle arrest in human esophageal cancer cells is associated with ROS-mediated activation of ATM-Chk1/2-Cdc25C pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheng Ma
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Henan Province People's Hospital, No. 7, Wei Wu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Quality Detection and Management, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Ning-Min Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Henan Province People's Hospital, No. 7, Wei Wu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Hua Qin
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Henan Province People's Hospital, No. 7, Wei Wu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Henan Province People's Hospital, No. 7, Wei Wu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Filipiak K, Hidalgo M, Silvan JM, Fabre B, Carbajo RJ, Pineda-Lucena A, Ramos A, de Pascual-Teresa B, de Pascual-Teresa S. Dietary gallic acid and anthocyanin cytotoxicity on human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. A study on the mode of action. Food Funct 2014; 5:381-9. [PMID: 24413695 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid and anthocyanins are abundant plant food bioactives present in many fruits and vegetables, being especially important in the composition of berries. Gallic acid has been shown to possess cytotoxic properties in several cancer cell lines and to inhibit carcinogenesis in animal models. However, its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the observed inhibitory activity of gallic acid against gelatinases corresponds to its cytotoxic activity in HT1080 cells and to determine if anthocyanins could exhibit a similar behavior. Gallic acid and delphinidin-3-glucoside have shown selective cytotoxicity towards HT1080 cells. Further analysis by a migration and invasion assay showed anti-invasive activities of gallic acid, delphinidin and pelargonidin-3-glucosides. Zymographic analysis demonstrated the inhibitory activity of gallic acid at the level of secreted and activated gelatinases. Moreover, gallic acid inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteolytic activity with very similar potency. NMR and molecular modelling experiments confirmed the interaction of gallic acid with MMP-2, and suggested that it takes place within the catalytic center. In this work we give some new experimental data supporting the role of these compounds in the inhibition of metalloproteases as the mechanism for their cytotoxic activity against fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Filipiak
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Urbanización Monteprincipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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Tripathi A, Chaube SK. Reduction of phosphorylated Thr-161 Cdk1 level participates in roscovitine-induced Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in rat eggs cultured in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:174-82. [PMID: 25148827 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to find out whether roscovitine reduces phosphorylated Thr-161 of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) level and induces egg apoptosis through Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated pathway. For this purpose, ovulated eggs were cultured in media 199 with or without various concentrations of roscovitine (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM) for 3 h in vitro. The morphological apoptotic changes, phosphorylation status of Cdk1, FasL concentration, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities, and DNA fragmentation were analyzed. Data of the present study suggest that roscovitine significantly reduced Thr-161 phosphorylated Cdk1 level without altering the total level of Cdk1 and induced cytoplasmic fragmentation, a morphological apoptotic feature in a concentration-dependent manner. The roscovitine-induced cytoplasmic fragmentation was associated with increased FasL concentration. The increased FasL concentration induced caspase-8 followed by caspase-3 activities. The increased caspases activity finally induced DNA fragmentation in eggs that showed cytoplasmic fragmentation. Taken together, these results suggest that roscovitine reduced phosphorylated Thr-161 of Cdk1 level and induces apoptosis through FasL-mediated pathway in rat eggs cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Tripathi
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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50
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Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus latency associated nuclear antigen protein release the G2/M cell cycle blocks by modulating ATM/ATR mediated checkpoint pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100228. [PMID: 24972086 PMCID: PMC4074033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infects the human population and maintains latency stage of viral life cycle in a variety of cell types including cells of epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial origin. The establishment of latent infection by KSHV requires the expression of an unique repertoire of genes among which latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) plays a critical role in the replication of the viral genome. LANA regulates the transcription of a number of viral and cellular genes essential for the survival of the virus in the host cell. The present study demonstrates the disruption of the host G2/M cell cycle checkpoint regulation as an associated function of LANA. DNA profile of LANA expressing human B-cells demonstrated the ability of this nuclear antigen in relieving the drug (Nocodazole) induced G2/M checkpoint arrest. Caffeine suppressed nocodazole induced G2/M arrest indicating involvement of the ATM/ATR. Notably, we have also shown the direct interaction of LANA with Chk2, the ATM/ATR signalling effector and is responsible for the release of the G2/M cell cycle block.
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