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Majirská M, Pilátová MB, Kudličková Z, Vojtek M, Diniz C. Targeting hematological malignancies with isoxazole derivatives. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104059. [PMID: 38871112 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Compounds with a heterocyclic isoxazole ring are well known for their diverse biologic activities encompassing antimicrobial, antipsychotic, immunosuppressive, antidiabetic and anticancer effects. Recent studies on hematological malignancies have also shown that some of the isoxazole-derived compounds feature encouraging cancer selectivity, low toxicity to normal cells and ability to overcome cancer drug resistance of conventional treatments. These characteristics are particularly promising because patients with hematological malignancies face poor clinical outcomes caused by cancer drug resistance or relapse of the disease. This review summarizes the knowledge on isoxazole-derived compounds toward hematological malignancies and provides clues on their mechanism(s) of action (apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS production) and putative pharmacological targets (c-Myc, BET, ATR, FLT3, HSP90, CARM1, tubulin, PD-1/PD-L1, HDACs) wherever known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majirská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Bago Pilátová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Kudličková
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Vojtek
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gedgaudas M, Kaziukonytė P, Kairys V, Mickevičiūtė A, Zubrienė A, Brukštus A, Matulis D, Kazlauskas E. Comprehensive analysis of resorcinyl-imidazole Hsp90 inhibitor design. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116505. [PMID: 38788300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Human Hsp90 chaperones are implicated in various aspects of cancer. Due to this, Hsp90 has been explored as potential target in cancer treatment. Initial attempts to use Hsp90 inhibitors in drug trials failed due to toxicity and inefficacy. The next generation of drugs were less toxic but still insufficiently effective in a clinical setting. Recently, a lot of effort is being put into understanding the consequences of Hsp90 isoform selective inhibition, expecting that this might hold the key in targeting Hsp90 for disease treatment. Here we investigate a series of compounds containing the aryl-resorcinol scaffold with a 5-membered ring as a promising class of new human Hsp90 inhibitors, reaching nanomolar affinity. We compare how the replacement of 5-membered ring, from thiadiazole to imidazole, as well as a variety of their substituents, influences the potency of these inhibitors for Hsp90 alpha and beta isoforms. To further elucidate the dissimilarity in ligand selectivity between the isoforms, a mutant protein was constructed and tested against the ligand library. In addition, we performed a series of molecular dynamics (MD) and docking simulations to further explain our experimental findings as well as evaluated key compounds in cell assays. Our results deepen the understanding of Hsp90 isoform ligand selectivity and serve as an informative base for further Hsp90 inhibitor optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gedgaudas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Kaziukonytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Brukštus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Kazlauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Fang X, Feng J, Wang K, Luan Y. Development of VER-50589 analogs as novel Hsp90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 91:129375. [PMID: 37315698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important target for tumor therapy, heat shock protein 90 has attracted tremendous attention. Through structure analysis, we rationally designed three analogs of VER-50589 which is a known and potent Hsp90 inhibitor. Target inhibitory activity result showed that one compound dubbed as 12-1 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Hsp90 with an IC50 value of 9 nM. In tumor cell viability experiment, compound 12-1 robustly repressed the proliferation against six human tumor cells with IC50 values all in nanomolar range scoring over VER-50589 and geldanamycin. 12-1 was able to induce apoptosis of tumor cells and arrest the tumor cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Meanwhile, western blot results showed that 12-1 could significantly downregulated the expression of two Hsp90 client proteins CDK4 and HER2. Finally, molecular dynamic simulation showed that compound 12-1 could fit well with ATP binding site on N-terminal of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhong Feng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji' nan, Shandong, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Zhu G, Wu C, Wang Q, Deng D, Lin B, Hu X, Qiu F, Li Z, Huang C, Yang Q, Zhang D. Antiviral activity of the HSP90 inhibitor VER-50589 against enterovirus 71. Antiviral Res 2023; 211:105553. [PMID: 36737007 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major pathogen responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks; to date, there is no specific anti-EV71 agent. HSP90 is a crucial host factor for the viral life cycle and an ideal therapeutic target for limiting viral proliferation. However, the specific role of HSP90 in EV71-related signaling pathways and anti-EV71 agents targeting HSP90 remains unclear. This study aimed to verify the role of HSP90 in signaling pathways involved in EV71 replication and investigate the antiviral effects of a small molecule of VER-50589, a potent HSP90 inhibitor, against EV71 both in vitro and in vivo. Viral plaque assay, western blotting, and qPCR results showed that VER-50589 diminished the plaque formation induced by EV71 and inhibited EV71 mRNA and protein synthesis. A single daily dose of VER-50589 treatment significantly improved the survival rate of EV71-infected mice (p < 0.005). Interestingly, VER-50589 also exhibits activities against a series of human enteroviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), Coxsackievirus B4-5 (CVB4-5), Coxsackievirus B4-7 (CVB4-7), and Echovirus 11 (Echo11). EV71 infection activated the AKT and ERK signaling pathways, and phosphorylation of AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK was weakened by VER-50589 administration. Thus, VER-50589 exhibits robust antiviral activity by inhibiting HSP90 and mediating the AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Considering that there are no effective antivirals or vaccines for the prevention and cure of HFMD in a clinical setting, the development of an anti-EV71 agent would be a straightforward and feasible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Zhu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Danchun Deng
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Binbin Lin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xujuan Hu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Fang Qiu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zhengnan Li
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Qingyu Yang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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Rezvani S, Ebadi A, Razzaghi-Asl N. In silico identification of potential Hsp90 inhibitors via ensemble docking, DFT and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10665-10676. [PMID: 34286666 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1947383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has emerged as one of the most exciting targets for anticancer drug development and Hsp90 inhibitors are potentially useful chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Within the current study, Hsp90 inhibitors that entered different phases of clinical trials were subjected to Zinc15 structure query to find similar compounds (≥ 78%). Obtained small molecules (1-29) with defined similarity cut-off were docked into ensemble of Hsp90-α NTDs. Docked complexes were ranked on the basis of binding modes and Gibbs free energies as Hsp90 binders (cut-off point; ΔGb ≤ -12 kcal/mol). Top-ranked compounds were subjected to energy decomposition analysis per residue of binding pocket via density functional theory (DFT) calculations in B3LYP level of theory. Subsequent MD simulations of the top-ranked complexes were performed for 100 ns to explore the stable binding modes during a reasonable period in explicit water. Results of molecular docking and intermolecular binding analysis indicated that H-bond, hydrophobic and salt bridge interactions were determinant forces in complex formation. Compounds 19 and 20 were well accommodated in binding pocket of Hsp90 via relatively varied conformations. It was revealed that Asn51 and Phe138 were key residues that interacted stably to 19 and 20. Although primary mechanism of action for proposed molecules are unknown and yet to be explored, results of the present study revealed key structural features for future structure-guided optimization toward potent inhibitors of Hsp90-α NTD. HighlightsHsp90 inhibitors that entered different phases of clinical trials were subjected to Zinc15 based structure query to afford potential enzyme inhibitors 19 and 20.Quantum chemical calculations confirmed docking results and verified pivotal role of a conserved residues (Asn51, Leu103, Phe138 and Tyr139) in making effective hydrogen bonds.MD simulations of top-ranked docked derivatives revealed the achievement of stable binding modes with less conformational variation of 20 than 19 in the active site of Hsp90-α NTD.H-bond, hydrophobic contacts and salt bridge interactions were determinant forces in binding interactions of in silico hits.Resorcinol and isoxazole were important structural motifs of in silico hits in binding to the active site of Hsp90-α NTD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rezvani
- Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ebadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nima Razzaghi-Asl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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6
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Heterocyclic Compounds as Hsp90 Inhibitors: A Perspective on Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102220. [PMID: 36297655 PMCID: PMC9610671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have garnered special attention in cancer therapy as molecular chaperones with regulatory/mediatory effects on folding, maintenance/stability, maturation, and conformation of proteins as well as their effects on prevention of protein aggregation. Hsp90 ensures the stability of various client proteins needed for the growth of cells or the survival of tumor cells; therefore, they are overexpressed in tumor cells and play key roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, Hsp90 inhibitors are recognized as attractive therapeutic agents for investigations pertaining to tumor suppression. Natural Hsp90 inhibitors comprising geldanamycin (GM), reclaimed analogs of GM including 17-AAG and DMAG, and radicicol, a natural macrocyclic antifungal, are among the first potent Hsp90 inhibitors. Herein, recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds recognized as potent Hsp90 inhibitors are reviewed along with the anticancer effects of heterocyclic compounds, comprising purine, pyrazole, triazine, quinolines, coumarin, and isoxazoles molecules.
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New Oxazolo[5,4- d]pyrimidines as Potential Anticancer Agents: Their Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Biological Activity Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911694. [PMID: 36232997 PMCID: PMC9569971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a large group of diseases in which the rapid proliferation of abnormal cells generally leads to metastasis to surrounding tissues or more distant ones through the lymphatic and blood vessels, making it the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main challenge in designing a modern anticancer therapy is to develop selective compounds that exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against a panel of four human cancer cell lines (lung carcinoma: A549, breast adenocarcinoma: MCF7, metastatic colon adenocarcinoma: LoVo, primary colon adenocarcinoma: HT29), along with their P-glycoprotein-inhibitory ability and pro-apoptotic activity. These oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, which are structurally similar to nucleic purine bases in general, are characterized by the presence of a pharmacologically favorable isoxazole substituent at position 2 and aliphatic amino chains at position 7 of the condensed heterocyclic system. In silico analysis of the obtained compounds identified their potent inhibitory activity towards human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Molecular docking was performed to assess the binding mode of new derivatives to the VEGFR-2 active site. Then, their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological properties (i.e., ADME-administration, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) were also predicted to assess their druglikeness. In particular, compound 3g (with a 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl substituent) was found to be the most potent against the HT29 cell line, with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 58.4 µM, exceeding the activity of fluorouracil (CC50 = 381.2 μM) and equaling the activity of cisplatin (CC50 = 47.2 µM), while being less toxic to healthy human cells (such as normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs)) than these reference drugs. The results suggest that compound 3g is a potentially promising candidate for the treatment of primary colorectal cancer.
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de Keijzer MJ, de Klerk DJ, de Haan LR, van Kooten RT, Franchi LP, Dias LM, Kleijn TG, van Doorn DJ, Heger M. Inhibition of the HIF-1 Survival Pathway as a Strategy to Augment Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:285-403. [PMID: 35505024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-to-minimally invasive treatment modality that utilizes photoactivatable drugs called photosensitizers to disrupt tumors with locally photoproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photosensitizer activation by light results in hyperoxidative stress and subsequent tumor cell death, vascular shutdown and hypoxia, and an antitumor immune response. However, sublethally afflicted tumor cells initiate several survival mechanisms that account for decreased PDT efficacy. The hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway is one of the most effective cell survival pathways that contributes to cell recovery from PDT-induced damage. Several hundred target genes of the HIF-1 heterodimeric complex collectively mediate processes that are involved in tumor cell survival directly and indirectly (e.g., vascularization, glucose metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis). The broad spectrum of biological ramifications culminating from the activation of HIF-1 target genes reflects the importance of HIF-1 in the context of therapeutic recalcitrance. This chapter elaborates on the involvement of HIF-1 in cancer biology, the hypoxic response mechanisms, and the role of HIF-1 in PDT. An overview of inhibitors that either directly or indirectly impede HIF-1-mediated survival signaling is provided. The inhibitors may be used as pharmacological adjuvants in combination with PDT to augment therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert T van Kooten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, epartment of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group,University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick J van Doorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Saha T, van Vliet AA, Cui C, Macias JJ, Kulkarni A, Pham LN, Lawler S, Spanholtz J, Georgoudaki AM, Duru AD, Goldman A. Boosting Natural Killer Cell Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme Using Supramolecular Cationic Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein 90. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:754443. [PMID: 34926577 PMCID: PMC8673718 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.754443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic natural killer (aNK) cell adoptive therapy has the potential to dramatically impact clinical outcomes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, in order to exert therapeutic activity, NK cells require tumor expression of ligands for activating receptors, such as MHC Class I peptide A/B (MICA/B) and ULBPs. Here, we describe the use of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permissive supramolecular cationic drug vehicle comprising an inhibitor of the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which sustains a cytotoxic effect on GBM cells, boosts the expression of MICA/B and ULBPs on the residual population, and augments the activity of clinical-grade aNK cells (GTA002). First, we identify Hsp90 mRNA transcription and gain of function as significantly upregulated in GBM compared to other central nervous system tumors. Through a rational chemical design, we optimize a radicicol supramolecular prodrug containing cationic excipients, SCI-101, which displays >2-fold increase in relative BBB penetration compared to less cationic formulations in organoids, in vitro. Using 2D and 3D biological models, we confirm SCI-101 sustains GBM cytotoxicity 72 h after drug removal and induces cell surface MICA/B protein and ULBP mRNA up to 200% in residual tumor cells compared to the naked drug alone without augmenting the shedding of MICA/B, in vitro. Finally, we generate and test the sequential administration of SCI-101 with a clinical aNK cell therapy, GTA002, differentiated and expanded from healthy umbilical cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Using a longitudinal in vitro model, we demonstrate >350% relative cell killing is achieved in SCI-101-treated cell lines compared to vehicle controls. In summary, these data provide a first-of-its-kind BBB-penetrating, long-acting inhibitor of Hsp90 with monotherapy efficacy, which improves response to aNK cells and thus may rapidly alter the treatment paradigm for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Saha
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Chunxiao Cui
- Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jorge Jimenez Macias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arpita Kulkarni
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luu Nhat Pham
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aaron Goldman
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Glycostem Therapeutics B.V., Oss, Netherlands.,Cancer Immunology, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Piven YA, Scherbakov AM, Yastrebova MA, Sorokin DV, Shchegolev YY, Matous AE, Zinovich VG, Khlebnicova TS, Lakhvich FA. Effective synthesis of novel dihydrobenzisoxazoles bearing the 2-aminothiazole moiety and evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of their acylated derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10432-10443. [PMID: 34846407 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for the synthesis of 8-aryl-4,5-dihydrothiazolo[4',5':3,4]benzo[1,2-c]isoxazol-2-amines was developed. This method includes the α-keto bromination of 3-aryl-6,7-dihydrobenzo[c]isoxazol-4(5H)-ones followed by the condensation of the obtained bromo derivatives with thiourea in acetonitrile. Using virtual screening, a series of acylated derivatives of the obtained compounds were selected as potential HSP90 inhibitors. These compounds were prepared and evaluated as antiproliferative agents against three cancer cell lines (A431, 22Rv1, and MCF-7). Compounds 8b, 8c and 8q exhibiting high antiproliferative potency against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 2.3 to 9.5 μM were chosen for in-depth evaluation. The selected compounds had remarkable effects on HSP90 client proteins, including steroid hormone receptors and the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2. The obtained compounds are of interest for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Piven
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akad. Kuprevicha st. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus.
| | - Alexander M Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita A Yastrebova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Danila V Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Yu Shchegolev
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Anton E Matous
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akad. Kuprevicha st. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus.
| | - Veronica G Zinovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akad. Kuprevicha st. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus.
| | - Tatyana S Khlebnicova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akad. Kuprevicha st. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus.
| | - Fedor A Lakhvich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akad. Kuprevicha st. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus.
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11
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Abumustafa W, Zamer BA, Khalil BA, Hamad M, Maghazachi AA, Muhammad JS. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 in colorectal carcinoma: Insights into mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112368. [PMID: 34794114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) enzyme is one of the eight canonical PRMTs, classified as a type II PRMT, induces arginine monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation. PRMT5 is known to be overexpressed in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where its overexpression is associated with poor survival. Recent studies have shown that upregulation of PRMT5 induces tumor growth and metastasis in CRC. Moreover, various novel PRMT5 inhibitors tested on CRC cell lines showed promising anticancer effects. Also, it was suggested that PRMT5 could be a valid biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of PRMT5-mediated CRC carcinogenesis could provide new avenues towards developing a targeted therapy. In this study, we started with in silico analysis correlating PRMT5 expression in CRC patients as a prelude to further our investigation of its role in CRC. We then carried out a comprehensive review of the scientific literature that dealt with the role(s) of PRMT5 in CRC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Also, we have summarized key findings from in vitro research using various therapeutic agents and strategies directly targeting PRMT5 or disrupting its function. In conclusion, PRMT5 seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CRC; therefore, its prognostic and therapeutic potential merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Abumustafa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Batoul Abi Zamer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bariaa A Khalil
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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12
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Antolin AA, Clarke PA, Collins I, Workman P, Al-Lazikani B. Evolution of kinase polypharmacology across HSP90 drug discovery. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1433-1445.e3. [PMID: 34077750 PMCID: PMC8550792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most small molecules interact with several target proteins but this polypharmacology is seldom comprehensively investigated or explicitly exploited during drug discovery. Here, we use computational and experimental methods to identify and systematically characterize the kinase cross-pharmacology of representative HSP90 inhibitors. We demonstrate that the resorcinol clinical candidates ganetespib and, to a lesser extent, luminespib, display unique off-target kinase pharmacology as compared with other HSP90 inhibitors. We also demonstrate that polypharmacology evolved during the optimization to discover luminespib and that the hit, leads, and clinical candidate all have different polypharmacological profiles. We therefore recommend the computational and experimental characterization of polypharmacology earlier in drug discovery projects to unlock new multi-target drug design opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Antolin
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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13
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Yin L, Yang Y, Zhu W, Xian Y, Han Z, Huang H, Peng L, Zhang K, Zhao Y. Heat Shock Protein 90 Triggers Multi-Drug Resistance of Ovarian Cancer via AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620907. [PMID: 33738259 PMCID: PMC7960917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic tumor, with which multi-drug resistance as the major therapeutic hindrance. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been involved in cancer malignant behaviors. However, its role and mechanism in multi-drug resistance of ovarian cancer remains poorly understood. Our results demonstrated that Hsp90 was overexpressed in multi-drug resistant ovarian cancer cells. Hsp90 downregulation by shHsp90 or inhibitor BIIB021 increased the sensitivity of multi-drug resistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel and cisplatin, and augmented the drugs-induced apoptosis. Hsp90 positively regulated the expressions of multi-drug resistance protein 1 (P-gp/MDR1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), Survivin and Bcl-2 expressions closely associated with multi-drug resistance. Moreover, overexpression of Hsp90 promoted β-catenin accumulation, while Hsp90 downregulation decreased the accumulation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin. We also identified that β-catenin was responsible for Hsp90-mediated expressions of P-gp, BCRP, Survivin, and Bcl-2. Furthermore, Hsp90 enhanced the AKT/GSK3β signaling, and AKT signaling played a critical role in Hsp90-induced accumulation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin, as well as multi-drug resistance to paclitaxel and cisplatin. In conclusion, Hsp90 enhanced the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling to induce multi-drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Suppressing Hsp90 chemosensitized multi-drug resistant ovarian cancer cells via impairing the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for a successful treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yin
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanglong Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xian
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyu Han
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Houyi Huang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liaotian Peng
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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14
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McConnell JR, Dyson HJ, McAlpine SR. Using NMR to identify binding regions for N and C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors using Hsp90 domains. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:410-415. [PMID: 33898992 PMCID: PMC8044635 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first NMR study of the interaction between heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and amino (N)-terminal inhibitors 17-AAG, and AUY922, and carboxy (C)-terminal modulators SM253, and LB51. We show that the two ATP mimics, 17-AAG and AUY922, bind deeply within the ATP binding pocket of the N-terminal domain, consistent with the crystal structures. In contrast, SM253, a C-terminal Hsp90 modulator, binds to the linker region between the N and middle domains. We also show that C-terminal inhibitor LB51 binds to the C-terminus with a more significant spectroscopic change than previously reported using NMR binding studies of C-terminal inhibitors novobiocin and silybin. These data provide key insights into how the allosteric inhibitor SM253 controls the C-terminal co-chaperones and confirms the binding domain of LB51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette R McConnell
- Work performed at School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia .
| | - H Jane Dyson
- Work also performed at Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , CA 92037 , USA .
| | - Shelli R McAlpine
- Work performed at School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia .
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15
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Nimgaonkar I, Archer NF, Becher I, Shahrad M, LeDesma RA, Mateus A, Caballero-Gómez J, Berneshawi AR, Ding Q, Douam F, Gaska JM, Savitski MM, Kim H, Ploss A. Isocotoin suppresses hepatitis E virus replication through inhibition of heat shock protein 90. Antiviral Res 2021; 185:104997. [PMID: 33326835 PMCID: PMC8649941 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes 14 million infections and 60,000 deaths per year globally, with immunocompromised persons and pregnant women experiencing severe symptoms. Although ribavirin can be used to treat chronic hepatitis E, toxicity in pregnant patients and the emergence of resistant strains are major concerns. Therefore there is an imminent need for effective HEV antiviral agents. The aims of this study were to develop a drug screening platform and to discover novel approaches to targeting steps within the viral life cycle. We developed a screening platform for molecules inhibiting HEV replication and selected a candidate, isocotoin. Isocotoin inhibits HEV replication through interference with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a host factor not previously known to be involved in HEV replication. Additional work is required to understand the compound's translational potential, however this suggests that HSP90-modulating molecules, which are in clinical development as anti-cancer agents, may be promising therapies against HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Nimgaonkar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas F Archer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Isabelle Becher
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Shahrad
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert A LeDesma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - André Mateus
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew R Berneshawi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jenna M Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hahn Kim
- Princeton University Small Molecule Screening Center, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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16
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Xu Y, Liu R, Leu NA, Zhang L, Ibragmova I, Schultz DC, Wang PJ. A cell-based high-content screen identifies isocotoin as a small molecule inhibitor of the meiosis-specific MEIOB-SPATA22 complex†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:333-342. [PMID: 32463099 PMCID: PMC7523692 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MEIOB and SPATA22 are meiosis-specific proteins, interact with each other, and are essential for meiotic recombination and fertility. Aspartic acid 383 (D383) in MEIOB is critical for its interaction with SPATA22 in biochemical studies. Here we report that genetic studies validate the requirement of D383 for the function of MEIOB in mice. The MeiobD383A/D383A mice display meiotic arrest due to depletion of both MEIOB and SPATA22 proteins in the testes. We developed a cell-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, in which MEIOB and SPATA22 are fused to split YFP moieties and their co-expression in cultured cells leads to the MEIOB–SPATA22 dimerization and reconstitution of the fluorophore. As expected, the interaction-disrupting D383A substitution results in the absence of YFP fluorescence in the BiFC assay. A high-throughput screen of small molecule libraries identified candidate hit compounds at a rate of 0.7%. Isocotoin, a hit compound from the natural product library, inhibits the MEIOB–SPATA22 interaction and promotes their degradation in HEK293 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the BiFC assay can be employed to screen for small molecule inhibitors that disrupt protein–protein interactions or promote degradation of meiosis-specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilsiya Ibragmova
- High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Workman P. Reflections and Outlook on Targeting HSP90, HSP70 and HSF1 in Cancer: A Personal Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1243:163-179. [PMID: 32297218 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40204-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This personal perspective focuses on small-molecule inhibitors of proteostasis networks in cancer-specifically the discovery and development of chemical probes and drugs acting on the molecular chaperones HSP90 and HSP70, and on the HSF1 stress pathway. Emphasis is on progress made and lessons learned and a future outlook is provided. Highly potent, selective HSP90 inhibitors have proved invaluable in exploring the role of this molecular chaperone family in biology and disease pathology. Clinical activity was observed, especially in non small cell lung cancer and HER2 positive breast cancer. Optimal use of HSP90 inhibitors in oncology will likely require development of creative combination strategies. HSP70 family members have proved technically harder to drug. However, recent progress has been made towards useful chemical tool compounds and these may signpost future clinical drug candidates. The HSF1 stress pathway is strongly validated as a target for cancer therapy. HSF1 itself is a ligandless transcription factor that is extremely challenging to drug directly. HSF1 pathway inhibitors have been identified mostly by phenotypic screening, including a series of bisamides from which a clinical candidate has been identified for treatment of ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Workman
- CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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18
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Hurley SK, Cutrone NM, Fath KR, Pajovich HT, Garcia J, Smith AM, Banerjee IA. Self-assembled phenylisoxazole-peptide hybrid assemblies and their interactions with breast and ovarian tumor cells. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Karl R. Fath
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Garcia
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Novel Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors Suppress P-Glycoprotein Activity and Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184575. [PMID: 31527404 PMCID: PMC6770006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone interacts with a broad range of client proteins involved in cancerogenesis and cancer progression. However, Hsp90 inhibitors were unsuccessful as anticancer agents due to their high toxicity, lack of selectivity against cancer cells and extrusion by membrane transporters responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR) such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Recognizing the potential of new compounds to inhibit P-gp function and/or expression is essential in the search for effective anticancer drugs. Eleven Hsp90 inhibitors containing an isoxazolonaphtoquinone core were synthesized and evaluated in two MDR models comprised of sensitive and corresponding resistant cancer cells with P-gp overexpression (human non-small cell lung carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma). We investigated the effect of Hsp90 inhibitors on cell growth inhibition, P-gp activity and P-gp expression. Structure-activity relationship analysis was performed in respect to cell growth and P-gp inhibition. Compounds 5, 7, and 9 directly interacted with P-gp and inhibited its ATPase activity. Their potential P-gp binding site was identified by molecular docking studies. In addition, these compounds downregulated P-gp expression in MDR colorectal carcinoma cells, showed good relative selectivity towards cancer cells, while compound 5 reversed resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel in concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, compounds 5, 7 and 9 could be promising candidates for treating cancers with P-gp overexpression.
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20
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Saeedi M, Hashemi M, Mahdavi M, Rafinejad A, Najafi Z, Mirfazli SS, Mohammadian R, Karimpour-Razkenari E, Kabudanian Ardestani S, Safavi M, Akbarzadeh T. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of N-(di/trimethoxyaryl)-5-arylisoxazole-3-carboxamide. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1564677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hashemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rafinejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Mirfazli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Shevtsov M, Multhoff G. Therapeutic Implications of Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02254-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Zhu J, Mo J, Lin HZ, Chen Y, Sun HP. The recent progress of isoxazole in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3065-3075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Sensitization of prostate cancer to radiation therapy: Molecules and pathways to target. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:283-300. [PMID: 29929859 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer by radiation-induced DNA damage. Despite the best efforts to eliminate cancer, some cancer cells survive irradiation, resulting in cancer progression or recurrence. Alteration in DNA damage repair pathways is common in cancers, resulting in modulation of their response to radiation. This article focuses on the recent findings about molecules and pathways that potentially can be targeted to sensitize prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation, thereby achieving an improved therapeutic outcome.
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24
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Li Z, Zhou L, Prodromou C, Savic V, Pearl LH. HECTD3 Mediates an HSP90-Dependent Degradation Pathway for Protein Kinase Clients. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 28636940 PMCID: PMC5489699 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the ATPase cycle of the HSP90 chaperone promotes ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of its client proteins, which include many oncogenic protein kinases. This provides the rationale for HSP90 inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. However, the mechanism by which HSP90 ATPase inhibition triggers ubiquitylation is not understood, and the E3 ubiquitin ligases involved are largely unknown. Using a siRNA screen, we have identified components of two independent degradation pathways for the HSP90 client kinase CRAF. The first requires CUL5, Elongin B, and Elongin C, while the second requires the E3 ligase HECTD3, which is also involved in the degradation of MASTL and LKB1. HECTD3 associates with HSP90 and CRAF in cells via its N-terminal DOC domain, which is mutationally disrupted in tumor cells with activated MAP kinase signaling. Our data implicate HECTD3 as a tumor suppressor modulating the activity of this important oncogenic signaling pathway. siRNA screen identifies factors regulating HSP90-directed client degradation HECTD3 promotes CRAF degradation after HSP90 ATPase inhibition HECTD3 interacts with HSP90-CDC37-CRAF via its DOC domain CRAF-dependent tumor cells downregulate HECTD3 E3 ligase activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Li
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Chrisostomos Prodromou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Velibor Savic
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Laurence H Pearl
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR, UK.
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25
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Sharma R, Pramanik MM, Chandramouli B, Rastogi N, Kumar N. Understanding organellar protein folding capacities and assessing their pharmacological modulation by small molecules. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:114-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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26
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Sysak A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Isoxazole ring as a useful scaffold in a search for new therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:292-309. [PMID: 28605676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to its relatively easy synthesis, isoxazole ring has been as an object of interest for chemists and pharmacologists from research groups all over the world. Its chemical modifications include both connection of isoxazole with other aromatic, heteroaromatic or non aromatic rings and substitution with different alkyl groups. Thanks to their usually low cytotoxicity, isoxazole derivatives are still popular scaffolds for the development of new agents with variable biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticonvulsant or anti-diabetic properties. This review discusses the chemical structure of recently developed isoxazole derivatives with regards to their activity and potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Sysak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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27
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Abbasi M, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Amanlou M. 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations for prediction of new Hsp90 inhibitors based on isoxazole scaffold. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1463-1478. [PMID: 28482755 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1326319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90(Hsp90), as a molecular chaperone, play a crucial role in folding and proper function of many proteins. Hsp90 inhibitors containing isoxazole scaffold are currently being used in the treatment of cancer as tumor suppressers. Here in the present studies, new compounds based on isoxazole scaffold were predicted using a combination of molecular modeling techniques including three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were also done. The steric and electrostatic contour map of CoMFA and CoMSIA were created. Hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor of CoMSIA model also were generated, and new compounds were predicted by CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps. To investigate the binding modes of the predicted compounds in the active site of Hsp90, a molecular docking simulation was carried out. MD simulations were also conducted to evaluate the obtained results on the best predicted compound and the best reported Hsp90 inhibitors in the 3D-QSAR model. Findings indicate that the predicted ligands were stable in the active site of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbasi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , 81746-73461 Isfahan , Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , 81746-73461 Isfahan , Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Chai RC, Vieusseux JL, Lang BJ, Nguyen CH, Kouspou MM, Britt KL, Price JT. Histone deacetylase activity mediates acquired resistance towards structurally diverse HSP90 inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:567-583. [PMID: 28306192 PMCID: PMC5527463 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates multiple signalling pathways critical for tumour growth. As such, HSP90 inhibitors have been shown to act as effective anticancer agents in preclinical studies but, for a number of reasons, the same effect has not been observed in the clinical trials to date. One potential reason for this may be the presence of de novo or acquired resistance within the tumours. To investigate mechanisms of resistance, we generated resistant cell lines through gradual dose escalation of the HSP90 inhibitor 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG). The resultant resistant cell lines maintained their respective levels of resistance (7–240×) in the absence of 17‐AAG and were also cross‐resistant with other benzoquinone ansamycin HSP90 inhibitors. Expression of members of the histone deacetylase family (HDAC 1, 5, 6) was altered in the resistant cells. To determine whether HDAC activity contributed to resistance, pan‐HDAC inhibitors (TSA and LBH589) and the class II HDAC‐specific inhibitor SNDX275 were found to resensitize resistant cells towards 17‐AAG and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin. Most significantly, resistant cells were also identified as cross‐resistant towards structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors such as radicicol and the second‐generation HSP90 inhibitors CCT018159, VER50589 and AUY922. HDAC inhibition also resensitized resistant cells towards these classes of HSP90 inhibitors. In conclusion, we report that prolonged 17‐AAG treatment results in acquired resistance of cancer cells towards not just 17‐AAG but also to a spectrum of structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors. This acquired resistance can be inhibited using clinically relevant HDAC inhibitors. This work supports the potential benefit of using HSP90 and HDAC inhibitors in combination within the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Chai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Bone Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica L Vieusseux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre for Life Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chau H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michelle M Kouspou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - John T Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School-Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia
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29
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Meng J, Liu Y, Han J, Tan Q, Chen S, Qiao K, Zhou H, Sun T, Yang C. Hsp90β promoted endothelial cell-dependent tumor angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:72. [PMID: 28359326 PMCID: PMC5374580 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are the major receptors involved in endothelial cell-dependent tumor angiogenesis. There are studies account for the effects of Hsp90 on angiogenesis, but the role and mechanism of Hsp90β isoforms and NVP-BEP800, a specific inhibitor of Hsp90β, in tumor angiogenesis is rarely mentioned. Methods Immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between Hsp90β expression, CD31 endothelial cell-dependent vessel density, and VEGFRs expression in tissue samples of 96 HCCs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and COX proportional hazards analysis the relation of Hsp90β and prognosis. HUVEC cells were transfected with Hsp90β or treated with NVP-BEP800, and then cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation were investigated. The VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 promoter activities were detected by dual luciferase report system. In vivo, the angiogenesis promotion of Hsp90β and anti-angiogenesis efficacy of NVP-BEP800 was tested in HCC xenograft models. Histological analysis was performed on tumor samples to evaluate Hsp90β, VEGFRs expression and MVD. Results This study investigated the correlation between Hsp90β expression and CD31+ endothelial cell-dependent vessel density. Hsp90β promoted VEGFRs expression by increasing their promoter activities. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation activities of human endothelial cells significantly increased when Hsp90β was overexpressed. NVP-BEP800 down-regulated VEGFRs expression to significantly reduce tubular differentiation, as well as endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, NVP-BEP800 decreased VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 promoter activities. In vivo, Hsp90β promoted VEGFRs and CD31 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma tumor xenografts and was associated with increased tumor microvessel density. After 18 days of treatment with 30 mg/kg/day NVP-BEP800, VEGFRs and CD31 expression significantly decreased. Conclusion Hsp90β induced endothelial cell-dependent tumor angiogenesis by activating VEGFRs transcription. NVP-BEP800 has potential as a therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis by decreasing endothelial cell progression and metastasis. It can help develop a therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment through the inhibition of endothelial cell progression and metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0640-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kailiang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
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Ananda H, Sharath Kumar KS, Nishana M, Hegde M, Srivastava M, Byregowda R, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC, Rangappa KS. Regioselective synthesis and biological studies of novel 1-aryl-3, 5-bis (het) aryl pyrazole derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:149-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PRMT5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:335-46. [PMID: 26658161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an important member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family that regulates many cellular processes through epigenetic control of target gene expression. Because of its overexpression in a number of human cancers and its essential role in cell proliferation, transformation, and cell cycle progression, PRMT5 has been recently proposed to function as an oncoprotein in cancer cells. However, how its expression is regulated in cancer cells remains largely unknown. We have previously demonstrated that the transcription of PRMT5 can be negatively regulated by the PKC/c-Fos signaling pathway through modulating the transcription factor NF-Y in prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that PRMT5 undergoes polyubiquitination, possibly through multiple lysine residues. We also identified carboxyl terminus of heat shock cognate 70-interacting protein (CHIP), an important chaperone-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that couples protein folding/refolding to protein degradation, as an interacting protein of PRMT5 via mass spectrometry. Their interaction was further verified by co-immuoprecipitation, GST pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. In addition, we provided evidence that the CHIP/chaperone system is essential for the negative regulation of PRMT5 expression via K48-linked ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Given that down-regulation of CHIP and overexpression of PRMT5 have been observed in several human cancers, our finding suggests that down-regulation of CHIP may be one of the mechanisms underlying PRMT5 overexpression in these cancers.
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Nordin BE, Liu Y, Aban A, Brown HE, Wu J, Hainley AK, Rosenblum JS, Nomanbhoy TK, Kozarich JW. ATP Acyl Phosphate Reactivity Reveals Native Conformations of Hsp90 Paralogs and Inhibitor Target Engagement. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3024-36. [PMID: 25905789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is an ATP-dependent chaperone of widespread interest as a drug target. Here, using an LC-MS/MS chemoproteomics platform based on a lysine-reactive ATP acyl phosphate probe, several Hsp90 inhibitors were profiled in native cell lysates. Inhibitor specificities for all four human paralogs of Hsp90 were simultaneously monitored at their endogenous relative abundances. Equipotent inhibition of probe labeling in each paralog occurred at sites both proximal to and distal from bound ATP observed in Hsp90 cocrystal structures, suggesting that the ATP probe is assaying a native conformation not predicted by available structures. Inhibitor profiling against a comprehensive panel of protein kinases and other ATP-binding proteins detected in native cell lysates identified PMS2, a member of the GHKL ATPase superfamily as an off-target of NVP-AUY922 and radicicol. Because of the endogenously high levels of Hsp90 paralogs in typical cell lysates, the measured potency of inhibitors was weaker than published IC₅₀ values. Significant inhibition of Hsp90 required inhibitor concentrations above a threshold where off-target activity was detectable. Direct on- and off-target engagement was measured by profiling lysates derived from cells treated with Hsp90 inhibitors. These studies also assessed the downstream cellular pathway effects of Hsp90 inhibition, including the down regulation of several known Hsp90 client proteins and some previously unknown client proteins. Overall, the ATP probe-based assay methodology enabled a broad characterization of Hsp90 inhibitor activity and specificity in native cell lysates.
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Kim HJ, Lee KY, Kim YW, Choi YJ, Lee JE, Choi CM, Baek IJ, Rho JK, Lee JC. P-glycoprotein confers acquired resistance to 17-DMAG in lung cancers with an ALK rearrangement. BMC Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26219569 PMCID: PMC4517346 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is dependent on Hsp90 for protein stability, Hsp90 inhibitors are effective in controlling growth of lung cancer cells with ALK rearrangement. We investigated the mechanism of acquired resistance to 17-(Dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), a geldanamycin analogue Hsp90 inhibitor, in H3122 and H2228 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with ALK rearrangement. METHODS Resistant cell lines (H3122/DR-1, H3122/DR-2 and H2228/DR) were established by repeated exposure to increasing concentrations of 17-DMAG. Mechanisms for resistance by either NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), previously known as a factor related to 17-DMAG resistance, or P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1/MDR1) were queried using RT-PCR, western blot analysis, chemical inhibitors, the MTT cell proliferation/survival assay, and cellular efflux of rhodamine 123. RESULTS The resistant cells showed no cross-resistance to AUY922 or ALK inhibitors, suggesting that ALK dependency persists in cells with acquired resistance to 17-DMAG. Although expression of NQO1 was decreased in H3122/DR-1 and H3122/DR-2, NQO1 inhibition by dicumarol did not affect the response of parental cells (H2228 and H3122) to 17-DMAG. Interestingly, all resistant cells showed the induction of P-gp at the protein and RNA levels, which was associated with an increased efflux of the P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (Rho123). Transfection with siRNA directed against P-gp or treatment with verapamil, an inhibitor of P-gp, restored the sensitivity to the drug in all cells with acquired resistance to 17-DMAG. Furthermore, we also observed that the growth-inhibitory effect of 17-DMAG was decreased in A549/PR and H460/PR cells generated to over-express P-gp by long-term exposure to paclitaxel, and these cells recovered their sensitivity to 17-DMAG through the inhibition of P-gp. CONCLUSION P-gp over-expression is a possible mechanism of acquired resistance to 17-DMAG in cells with ALK rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kye Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young Whan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yun Jung Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea. .,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
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Brandvold KR, Morimoto RI. The Chemical Biology of Molecular Chaperones--Implications for Modulation of Proteostasis. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2931-47. [PMID: 26003923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is inextricably tied to cellular health and organismal lifespan. Aging, exposure to physiological and environmental stress, and expression of mutant and metastable proteins can cause an imbalance in the protein-folding landscape, which results in the formation of non-native protein aggregates that challenge the capacity of the proteostasis network (PN), increasing the risk for diseases associated with misfolding, aggregation, and aberrant regulation of cell stress responses. Molecular chaperones have central roles in each of the arms of the PN (protein synthesis, folding, disaggregation, and degradation), leading to the proposal that modulation of chaperone function could have therapeutic benefits for the large and growing family of diseases of protein conformation including neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, and cancer. In this review, we will discuss the current strategies used to tune the PN through targeting molecular chaperones and assess the potential of the chemical biology of proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer R Brandvold
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Matysiak J, Juszczak M, Karpińska MM, Langner E, Walczak K, Lemieszek M, Skrzypek A, Rzeski W, Niewiadomy A. Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of novel azolo- and azinothiazinones containing 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituent as anticancer agents. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015; 146:1315-1327. [PMID: 26190864 PMCID: PMC4498246 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We reported the synthesis and characterization of a series of azolo- and azino[1,3]thiazinones containing the 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituent. The compounds were prepared by a new one-step reaction of aryl-modified sulfinylbis[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanethione]s and the corresponding aminoazolo(azino)carboxamides. Their chemical structures were confirmed by IR, NMR: 1H, 13C, HSQC, and EI-MS spectral data. The compounds inhibited proliferation and viability of lung cancer A549, colon cancer HT-29, and glioma C6 cells in a structure- and concentration-dependent manner. The activity of some analogues was below 10 μmol dm-3 (IC50). Glioma C6 cells were the most sensitive to tested compounds. Generally, the derivatives were not toxic for the skin fibroblast HSF culture. Moreover, some of them exerted a protective effect on the treated normal cells. Evaluation of compound properties in silico showed that they possess significant drug-like characteristics and most of them display a low toxicity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Matysiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Juszczak
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika M. Karpińska
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry in Warsaw, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Langner
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University in Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University in Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Lemieszek
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Skrzypek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Niewiadomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry in Warsaw, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
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Chessum N, Jones K, Pasqua E, Tucker M. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 54:1-63. [PMID: 25727702 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, cancer therapeutics has undergone a paradigm shift away from the traditional cytotoxic drugs towards the targeting of proteins intimately involved in driving the cancer phenotype. The poster child for this alternative approach to the treatment of cancer is imatinib, a small-molecule kinase inhibitor designed to target chronic myeloid leukaemia driven by the BCR-ABL translocation in a defined patient population. The improvement in survival achieved by treatment of this patient cohort with imatinib is impressive. Thus, the aim is to provide efficacy but with low toxicity. The role of the medicinal chemist in oncology drug discovery is now closely aligned with the role in most other therapeutic areas with high-throughput and/or fragment-based screening, structure-based design, selectivity, pharmacokinetic optimisation and pharmacodynamic biomarker modulation, all playing a familiar part in the process. In this chapter, we selected four areas in which compounds are either approved drugs or in clinical trials. These are chaperone inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors and inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Even within these areas, we have been selective, particularly for kinase inhibitors, and our aim has been to exemplify newer approaches and novel aspects of medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Chessum
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Pasqua
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Tucker
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Solárová Z, Mojžiš J, Solár P. Hsp90 inhibitor as a sensitizer of cancer cells to different therapies (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:907-26. [PMID: 25501619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that maintains the structural and functional integrity of various client proteins involved in signaling and many other functions of cancer cells. The natural inhibitors, ansamycins influence the Hsp90 chaperone function by preventing its binding to client proteins and resulting in their proteasomal degradation. N- and C-terminal inhibitors of Hsp90 and their analogues are widely tested as potential anticancer agents in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical trials. It seems that Hsp90 competitive inhibitors target different tumor types at nanomolar concentrations and might have therapeutic benefit. On the contrary, some Hsp90 inhibitors increased toxicity and resistance of cancer cells induced by heat shock response, and through the interaction of survival signals, that occured as side effects of treatments, could be very effectively limited via combination of therapies. The aim of our review was to collect the data from experimental and clinical trials where Hsp90 inhibitor was combined with other therapies in order to prevent resistance as well as to potentiate the cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Solár
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Powers MV, Valenti M, Miranda S, Maloney A, Eccles SA, Thomas G, Clarke PA, Workman P. Mode of cell death induced by the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG (tanespimycin) is dependent on the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1963-75. [PMID: 24185264 PMCID: PMC3875762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) are of considerable current interest as targeted cancer therapeutic agents because of the ability to destabilize multiple oncogenic client proteins. Despite their resulting pleiotropic effects on multiple oncogenic pathways and hallmark traits of cancer, resistance to HSP90 inhibitors is possible and their ability to induce apoptosis is less than might be expected. Using an isogenic model for BAX knockout in HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrate the induction of BAX-dependent apoptosis at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG both in vitro and in tumor xenografts in vivo. Removal of BAX expression by homologous recombination reduces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo but allows a lower level of cell death via a predominantly necrotic mechanism. Despite reducing apoptosis, the loss of BAX does not alter the overall sensitivity to 17-AAG in vitro or in vivo. The results indicate that 17-AAG acts predominantly to cause a cytostatic antiproliferative effect rather than cell death and further suggest that BAX status may not alter the overall clinical response to HSP90 inhibitors. Other agents may be required in combination to enhance tumor-selective killing by these promising drugs. In addition, there are implications for the use of apoptotic endpoints in the assessment of the activity of molecularly targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa V Powers
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Differential effect of heterocyclic d-ribofuranoside derivatives on human prostate cancer cell viability and cell cycle progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:847-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Jeong CH, Park HB, Jang WJ, Jung SH, Seo YH. Discovery of hybrid Hsp90 inhibitors and their anti-neoplastic effects against gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:224-7. [PMID: 24345447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) represents an attractive cancer therapeutic target due to its role in the stabilization and maturation of many oncogenic proteins. We have designed a series of hybrid Hsp90 inhibitors by connecting the resorcinol ring of VER-49009 (2) and the trimethoxyphenyl ring of PU3 (3) using structure-based approach. Subsequent testing established that compound 1f inhibited gefitinib-resistant H1975 cell proliferation, brought about the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins including EGFR, Met, Her2 and Akt and induced the expression of Hsp70. The design, synthesis, and evaluation of 1f are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea; Institute for New Drug Development, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Hee Baek Park
- Institute for New Drug Development, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Won Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Su Hyun Jung
- Institute for New Drug Development, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea; Institute for New Drug Development, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
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Zitzmann K, Ailer G, Vlotides G, Spoettl G, Maurer J, Göke B, Beuschlein F, Auernhammer CJ. Potent antitumor activity of the novel HSP90 inhibitors AUY922 and HSP990 in neuroendocrine carcinoid cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1824-32. [PMID: 24100469 PMCID: PMC3834873 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein (HSP) 90 chaperone machine involved in numerous oncogenic signaling pathways is over-expressed in cancer cells and is currently being evaluated for anticancer therapy. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Here, we report the antiproliferative effects of the HSP90 inhibitors AUY922 and HSP990 in neuroendocrine tumor cells. Treatment of human pancreatic BON1, bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 and midgut carcinoid GOT1 neuroendocrine tumor cells with increasing concentrations of AUY922 and HSP990 dose-dependently suppressed cell viability. Significant effects on neuroendocrine cell viability were observed with inhibitor concentrations as low as 5 nM. Inhibition of cell viability was associated with the induction of apoptosis as demonstrated by an increase in sub-G1 events and PARP cleavage. HSP90 inhibition was associated with decreased neuroendocrine ErbB and IGF-I receptor expression, decreased Erk and Akt phosphorylation and the induction of HSP70 expression. These findings provide evidence that targeted inhibition of upregulated HSP90 activity could be useful for the treatment of aggressive neuroendocrine tumors resistant to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Zitzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II Campus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D‑81377 Munich, Germany
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42
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Sanghera SS, Skitzki JJ. Targeting the heat shock response in cancer: tipping the balance in transformed cells. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2013; 22:665-84. [PMID: 24012394 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the heat shock response (HSR) as a mediator of cellular stress has created a framework for understanding how these processes may promote tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the identification of specific components of the HSR and how they are co-opted by cancer cells has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. A wide range of small molecule inhibitors of the HSR are in various stages of development for clinical application in patients with cancer. The introduction of these novel small molecule inhibitors offers the opportunity for synergy with existing therapies and the potential for highly targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj S Sanghera
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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43
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HSP90 inhibitors enhance differentiation and MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) activity in osteoclast progenitors. Biochem J 2013; 451:235-44. [PMID: 23379601 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The HSP90 (heat-shock protein 90) inhibitor 17-AAG (17-allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin) increases osteoclast formation both in vitro and in vivo, an action that can enhance cancer invasion and growth in the bone microenvironment. The cellular mechanisms through which 17-AAG exerts this action are not understood. Thus we sought to clarify the actions of 17-AAG on osteoclasts and determine whether other HSP90 inhibitors had similar properties. We determined that 17-AAG and the structurally unrelated HSP90 inhibitors CCT018159 and NVP-AUY922 dose-dependently increased RANKL [receptor activator of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) ligand]-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow and pre-osteoclastic RAW264.7 cell cultures. Moreover, 17-AAG also enhanced RANKL- and TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-elicited osteoclastogenesis, but did not affect RANKL-induced osteoclast survival, suggesting that only differentiation mechanisms are targeted. 17-AAG affected the later stages of progenitor maturation (after 3 days of incubation), whereas the osteoclast formation enhancer TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) acted prior to this, suggesting different mechanisms of action. In studies of RANKL-elicited intracellular signalling, 17-AAG treatment did not increase c-Fos or NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) c1 protein levels nor did 17-AAG increase activity in luciferase-based NF-κB- and NFAT-response assays. In contrast, 17-AAG treatment (and RANKL treatment) increased both MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) protein levels and MITF-dependent vATPase-d2 (V-type proton ATPase subunit d2) gene promoter activity. These results indicate that HSP90 inhibitors enhance osteoclast differentiation in an NFATc1-independent manner that involves elevated MITF levels and activity.
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44
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Polier S, Samant RS, Clarke PA, Workman P, Prodromou C, Pearl LH. ATP-competitive inhibitors block protein kinase recruitment to the Hsp90-Cdc37 system. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:307-12. [PMID: 23502424 PMCID: PMC5695660 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase clients are recruited to the Hsp90 molecular chaperone system via Cdc37, which simultaneously binds Hsp90 and kinases and regulates the Hsp90 chaperone cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 in vivo results in degradation of kinase clients, with a therapeutic effect in dependent tumors. We show here that Cdc37 directly antagonizes ATP binding to client kinases, suggesting a role for the Hsp90-Cdc37 complex in controlling kinase activity. Unexpectedly, we find that Cdc37 binding to protein kinases is itself antagonized by ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors, including vemurafenib and lapatinib. In cancer cells, these inhibitors deprive oncogenic kinases such as B-Raf and ErbB2 of access to the Hsp90-Cdc37 complex, leading to their degradation. Our results suggest that at least part of the efficacy of ATP-competitive inhibitors of Hsp90-dependent kinases in tumor cells may be due to targeted chaperone deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Polier
- MRC Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Rahul S. Samant
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul A. Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Chrisostomos Prodromou
- MRC Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Laurence H. Pearl
- MRC Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
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Chiosis G, Kang Y, Sun W. Discovery and development of purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:99-114. [PMID: 23480142 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), an important target in cancer and other diseases, has become recently the focus of several drug discovery and development efforts. The initially identified natural-product inhibitors of Hsp90, such as geldanamycin, played a major role in elucidating its biological function and in determining its clinical relevance. Upcoming synthetic inhibitors, such as the purine-scaffold class, furthered our understanding on Hsp90 in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases and delivered what are promised to be clinical candidates with favorable pharmacologic profiles. This review intends to inform the reader on efforts ranging from the discovery of purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors to their clinical translation as well as on their use as chemical tools to dissect the roles of Hsp90 in pathogenic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chiosis
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, 1275 York Avenue, Box 482, New York, NY10021, USA +1 646 888 2235 ; +1 646 422 0416 ;
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Hong DS, Banerji U, Tavana B, George GC, Aaron J, Kurzrock R. Targeting the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90): lessons learned and future directions. Cancer Treat Rev 2012. [PMID: 23199899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the critical role of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in regulating the stability, activity and intracellular sorting of its client proteins involved in multiple oncogenic processes, HSP90 inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. In cancer cells, HSP90 client proteins play a major role in oncogenic signal transduction (i.e., mutant epidermal growth factor receptor), angiogenesis (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor), anti-apoptosis (i.e., AKT), and metastasis (i.e., matrix metalloproteinase 2 and CD91), processes central to maintaining the cancer phenotype. Thus, HSP90 has emerged as a viable target for antitumor drug development, and several HSP90 inhibitors have transitioned to clinical trials. HSP90 inhibitors include geldanamycin and its derivatives (i.e., tanespimycin, alvespimycin, IPI-504), synthetic and small molecule inhibitors (i.e., AUY922, AT13387, STA9090, MPC3100), other inhibitors of HSP90 and its isoforms (i.e., shepherdin and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine). With more than 200 "client" proteins, many of them meta-stable and oncogenic, HSP90 inhibition can affect an array of tumors. Here we review the molecular structure of HSP90, structural features of HSP90 inhibition, pharmacodynamic effects and tumor responses in clinical trials of HSP90 inhibitors. We also discuss lessons learned from completed clinical trials of HSP90 inhibitors, and future directions for these promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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47
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Co-crystalization and in vitro biological characterization of 5-aryl-4-(5-substituted-2-4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole Hsp90 inhibitors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44642. [PMID: 22984537 PMCID: PMC3439374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential therapeutic strategy for targeting cancer that has gained much interest is the inhibition of the ATP binding and ATPase activity of the molecular chaperone Hsp90. We have determined the structure of the human Hsp90α N-terminal domain in complex with a series of 5-aryl-4-(5-substituted-2-4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazoles. The structures provide the molecular details for the activity of these inhibitors. One of these inhibitors, ICPD 34, causes a structural change that affects a mobile loop, which adopts a conformation similar to that seen in complexes with ADP, rather than the conformation generally seen with the pyrazole/isoxazole-resorcinol class of inhibitors. Competitive binding to the Hsp90 N-terminal domain was observed in a biochemical assay, and these compounds showed antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. These inhibitors also caused induction of the heat shock response with the upregulation of Hsp72 and Hsp27 protein expression and the depletion of Hsp90 clients, CRAF, ERBB2 and CDK4, thus confirming that antiproliferative activity was through the inhibition of Hsp90. The presence of increased levels of the cleavage product of PARP indicated apoptosis in response to Hsp90 inhibitors. This work provides a framework for the further optimization of thiadiazole inhibitors of Hsp90. Importantly, we demonstrate that the thiadiazole inhibitors display a more limited core set of interactions relative to the clinical trial candidate NVP-AUY922, and consequently may be less susceptible to resistance derived through mutations in Hsp90.
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48
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Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved proteins working as molecular chaperones for several cellular proteins essential for normal cell viability and growth, and have numerous cytoprotective roles. The expression of Hsps is induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental stress insults, including anticancer chemotherapy, thus allowing the cell to survive lethal conditions. Cancer cells experience high levels of proteotoxic stress and rely upon stress-response pathways for survival and proliferation, thereby becoming dependent on proteins such as stress-inducible Hsps. Owing to the implication of Hsps in cancer, Hsp inhibition has recently emerged as an interesting potential anticancer strategy. Many natural and synthetic Hsp inhibitors molecular compounds are in development and many are being evaluated as potential cancer therapies. One of the Hsps in particular, Hsp90, has several client proteins and is emerging as a particularly exciting cancer target due to the prospect of simultaneously inhibiting chaperoning of numerous oncogenic proteins. This review describes the function of Hsps focusing on current efforts in exploiting the attributes of Hsps as potential targets for anticancer therapy.
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49
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Rodrigues LM, Chung YL, Al Saffar NMS, Sharp SY, Jackson LE, Banerji U, Stubbs M, Leach MO, Griffiths JR, Workman P. Effects of HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) on NEU/HER2 overexpressing mammary tumours in MMTV-NEU-NT mice monitored by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:250. [PMID: 22621282 PMCID: PMC3412754 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of ERBB2/NEU/HER2 in the response of breast tumours to the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG; tanespimycin) has been demonstrated in the clinic. ERBB2 is an oncoprotein client that is highly dependent on HSP90. This and other oncogenic client proteins (e.g. B-RAF, C-RAF, ALK and CDK4) are depleted by 17-AAG in both animal tumours and patients. Here we investigate by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) the metabolic response of 17-AAG in spontaneous, NEU/HER2 driven mammary tumours in transgenic MMTV-NEU-NT mice and in cells isolated and cultured from these tumours. METHODS Mammary tumours were monitored by 31P MRS in vivo and in tumour extracts, comparing control and 17-AAG treated mice. A cell line derived from NEU/HER2 mammary tumours was also cultured and the effect of 17-AAG was measured by 31P MRS in cell extracts. Molecular biomarkers were assessed by immunoblotting in extracts from cells and tumours. For comparison of tumour volume, metabolite concentrations and Western blot band intensities, two-tailed unpaired t-tests were used. RESULTS The NEU/HER2 mammary tumours were very sensitive to 17-AAG and responded in a dose-dependent manner to 3 daily doses of 20, 40 and 80mg/kg of 17-AAG, all of which caused significant regression. At the higher doses, 31P MRS of tumour extracts showed significant decreases in phosphocholine (PC) and phosphoethanolamine (PE) whereas no significant changes were seen at the 20mg/kg dose. Extracts of isolated cells cultured from the mammary carcinomas showed a significant decrease in viable cell number and total PME after 17-AAG treatment. Western blots confirmed the expected action of 17-AAG in inducing HSP72 and significantly depleting HSP90 client proteins, including NEU/HER2 both in tumours and in isolated cells. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate the high degree of sensitivity of this clinically relevant NEU/HER2-driven tumour model to HSP90 inhibition by 17-AAG, consistent with the clinical data, and suggest that the metabolic signature of choline phospholipids obtained by MRS could be useful both as a preclinical and clinical tool for investigating surrogate markers of response to treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoquinones/pharmacology
- Benzoquinones/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Lactams, Macrocyclic/pharmacology
- Lactams, Macrocyclic/therapeutic use
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism
- Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta M Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Nada M S Al Saffar
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Swee Y Sharp
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Laura E Jackson
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Marion Stubbs
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Martin O Leach
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - John R Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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50
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Saladino G, Gauthier L, Bianciotto M, Gervasio FL. Assessing the Performance of Metadynamics and Path Variables in Predicting the Binding Free Energies of p38 Inhibitors. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:1165-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ct3001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Saladino
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing
Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Gauthier
- Structure, Design, Informatics, Lead Generation to Candidate Realization, Sanofi R&D, 195 route d’Espagne, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Bianciotto
- Structure, Design, Informatics, Lead Generation to Candidate Realization, Sanofi R&D, 195 route d’Espagne, Toulouse, France
| | - F. L. Gervasio
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing
Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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