1
|
Targeting TRAIL Death Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers: Challenges and Strategies for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233717. [PMID: 36496977 PMCID: PMC9739296 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in cancer cells via death receptor (DR) activation with little toxicity to normal cells or tissues. The selectivity for activating apoptosis in cancer cells confers an ideal therapeutic characteristic to TRAIL, which has led to the development and clinical testing of many DR agonists. However, TRAIL/DR targeting therapies have been widely ineffective in clinical trials of various malignancies for reasons that remain poorly understood. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among breast cancers. Targeting the TRAIL DR pathway has shown notable efficacy in a subset of TNBC in preclinical models but again has not shown appreciable activity in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the signaling components and mechanisms governing TRAIL pathway activation and clinical trial findings discussed with a focus on TNBC. Challenges and potential solutions for using DR agonists in the clinic are also discussed, including consideration of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of DR agonists, patient selection by predictive biomarkers, and potential combination therapies. Moreover, recent findings on the impact of TRAIL treatment on the immune response, as well as novel strategies to address those challenges, are discussed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Urano-Takaoka M, Sumida H, Miyagawa T, Awaji K, Nagai K, Omatsu J, Miyake T, Sato S. Serum Cytokeratin 18 as a Metastatic and Therapeutic Marker for Extramammary Paget's Disease. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 102:adv00636. [PMID: 34904690 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma with unfavorable prognosis once it becomes invasive. A tumor marker that reflects disease progression is required for adequate management of this disease. Cytokeratin 18 is highly expressed in many types of cancer and its soluble forms are detected by M30 (for caspase-cleaved form) and M65 (for both caspase-cleaved and intact forms) assays. Here, we report that tumor cells of EMPD in both lesional skin and lymph node metastasis are positive for CK18 immunohistochemically and the baseline serum M30 and M65 levels in metastatic EMPD patients are significantly higher than those in non-metastatic patients. In addition, serial serum M30 and M65 levels might reflect recurrence of EMPD and response to chemotherapy. These results suggest that serum CK18 levels may be a useful tumor marker for advanced EMPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayakazu Sumida
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takuya Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, , Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Necrosis Rather Than Apoptosis is the Dominant form of Alveolar Epithelial Cell Death in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Model. Shock 2021; 54:128-139. [PMID: 31365488 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) death, which is classified as apoptosis or necrosis, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition to apoptosis, some types of necrosis are known to be molecularly regulated, and both apoptosis and necrosis can be therapeutic targets for diseases. However, the relative contribution of apoptosis and necrosis to AEC death during ARDS has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated which type of AEC death is dominant and whether regulated necrosis is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury, an experimental ARDS model. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the LPS-induced lung injury mice, both the levels of cytokeratin 18-M65 antigen (a marker of total epithelial cell death) and cytokeratin 18-M30 antigen (an epithelial apoptosis marker) were increased. The M30/M65 ratio, which is an indicator of the proportion of apoptosis to total epithelial cell death, was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. In addition, the number of propidium iodide-positive, membrane-disrupted cells was significantly higher than the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the lung sections of lung injury mice. Activated neutrophils seemed to mediate AEC death. Finally, we demonstrated that necroptosis, a regulated necrosis pathway, is involved in AEC death during LPS-induced lung injury. These results indicate that necrosis including necroptosis, rather than apoptosis, is the dominant type of AEC death in LPS-induced lung injury. Although further studies investigating human ARDS subjects are necessary, targeting necrosis including its regulated forms might represent a more efficient approach to protecting the alveolar epithelial barrier during ARDS.
Collapse
|
4
|
OXIDATIVE STRESS, DNA DAMAGE AND APOPTOSIS LEVELS IN THOSE WHO USE BORDERLINE HIGH LEVEL FLUORIDE CONTENT DRINKING WATER. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.690968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
5
|
Fu S, Wu D, Jiang W, Li J, Long J, Jia C, Zhou T. Molecular Biomarkers in Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1667. [PMID: 32082163 PMCID: PMC7002317 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one among the common adverse drug reactions and the leading causes of drug development attritions, black box warnings, and post-marketing withdrawals. Despite having relatively low clinical incidence, its potentially severe adverse events should be considered in the individual patients due to the high risk of acute liver failure. Although traditional liver parameters have been applied to the diagnosis of DILI, the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers poses a major limitation, and thus accurate prediction of the subsequent clinical course remains a significant challenge. These drawbacks prompt the investigation and discovery of more effective biomarkers, which could lead to early detection of DILI, and improve its diagnosis and prognosis. Novel promising biomarkers include glutamate dehydrogenase, keratin 18, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase, bile acids, cytochrome P450, osteopontin, high mobility group box-1 protein, fatty acid binding protein 1, cadherin 5, miR-122, genetic testing, and omics technologies, among others. Furthermore, several clinical scoring systems have gradually emerged for the diagnosis of DILI including the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), Clinical Diagnostic Scale (CDS), and Digestive Disease Week Japan (DDW-J) systems. However, currently their predictive value is limited with certain inherent deficiencies. Thus, perhaps the greatest benefit would be achieved by simultaneously combining the scoring systems and those biomarkers. Herein, we summarized the recent research progress on molecular biomarkers for DILI to improved approaches for its diagnosis and clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Long
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengyao Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taoyou Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lim B, Greer Y, Lipkowitz S, Takebe N. Novel Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for the Treatment of Cancer, a New Arsenal in the Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081087. [PMID: 31370269 PMCID: PMC6721450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is an important hallmark of cancer cells. Alterations of apoptosis pathways are especially critical as they confer resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapeutics, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Thus, successful induction of apoptosis using novel therapeutics may be a key strategy for preventing recurrence and metastasis. Inhibitors of anti-apoptotic molecules and enhancers of pro-apoptotic molecules are being actively developed for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors in particular over the last decade. However, due to the complicated apoptosis process caused by a multifaceted connection with cross-talk pathways, protein–protein interaction, and diverse resistance mechanisms, drug development within the category has been extremely challenging. Careful design and development of clinical trials incorporating predictive biomarkers along with novel apoptosis-inducing agents based on rational combination strategies are needed to ensure the successful development of these molecules. Here, we review the landscape of currently available direct apoptosis-targeting agents in clinical development for cancer treatment and update the related biomarker advancement to detect and validate the efficacy of apoptosis-targeted therapies, along with strategies to combine them with other agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yoshimi Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turk HM, Aliyev A, Celik RS, Seker M, Coban E, Demir T, Baydas T, Kocyigit A. Usefulness of serum M30 and M65 levels to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 44:100497. [PMID: 31371034 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE M30 and M65 levels reflect tumor cell activity in patients with epithelial cancer. Cytokeratin 18 is one of the cell skeletal elements. M30 is a apoptotic marker of cytokeratin 18. M65 levels are both an apoptosis and a necrosis marker. The aim of our study was to determine the predictive value of M30 and M65 levels in neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 41 patients with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. Following 4 cycles of chemotherapy with anthracycline containing regimen, patients received paclitaxel treatment for 12 weeks. Blood was collected from the patients before chemotherapy and on day 21, after the 2nd, 4th, and 8th cycles. M30 and M65 levels were measured with the ELISA method. RESULTS While there was an increase in M30 and M65 levels at the 4th cycle (P < 0.05), levels were decreased after the 8th cycle. In addition, there was no significant relationship among M30, M65 levels, and prognostic factors such as ER, PR, c-Erb-2, Ki-67, pathologic-T, pathologic-N, and chemotherapy responses. CONCLUSION M30 and M65 levels are not of predictive values of response to breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, M30 and M65 levels increased when patients kept receiving anthracycline containing chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Mehmet Turk
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Altay Aliyev
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rabia Sevda Celik
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Seker
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Coban
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarık Demir
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Baydas
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nanou A, Coumans FAW, van Dalum G, Zeune LL, Dolling D, Onstenk W, Crespo M, Fontes MS, Rescigno P, Fowler G, Flohr P, Brune C, Sleijfer S, de Bono JS, Terstappen LWMM. Circulating tumor cells, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and plasma cytokeratins in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19283-19293. [PMID: 29721202 PMCID: PMC5922396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The presence of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) patients is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the association of clinical outcome in 129 CRPC patients with CTCs, tumor-derived Extracellular Vesicles (tdEVs) and plasma levels of total (CK18) and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (ccCK18). Experimental Design CTCs and tdEVs were isolated with the CellSearch system and automatically enumerated. Cut-off values dichotomizing patients into favorable and unfavorable groups of overall survival were set on a retrospective data set of 84 patients and validated on a prospective data set of 45 patients. Plasma levels of CK18 and ccCK18 were assessed by ELISAs. Results CTCs, tdEVs and both cytokeratin plasma levels were significantly increased in CRPC patients compared to healthy donors (HDs). All biomarkers except for ccCK18 were prognostic showing a decreased median overall survival for the unfavorable groups of 9.2 vs 21.1, 8.1 vs 23.0 and 10.0 vs 21.5 months respectively. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, tdEVs remained significant. Conclusions Automated CTC and tdEV enumeration allows fast and reliable scoring eliminating inter- and intra- operator variability. tdEVs provide similar prognostic information to CTC counts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Nanou
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Frank A W Coumans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus van Dalum
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie L Zeune
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Applied Mathematics, MIRA Institute and Faculty of EEMCS, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - David Dolling
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Onstenk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mateus Crespo
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariane Sousa Fontes
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapies Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapies Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Fowler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Flohr
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Brune
- Department of Applied Mathematics, MIRA Institute and Faculty of EEMCS, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapies Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nanou A, Coumans FA, van Dalum G, Zeune LL, Dolling D, Onstenk W, Crespo M, Fontes MS, Rescigno P, Fowler G, Flohr P, Brune C, Sleijfer S, de Bono JS, Terstappen LW. Circulating tumor cells, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and plasma cytokeratins in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018. [DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25019\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Nanou
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Frank A.W. Coumans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus van Dalum
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie L. Zeune
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Mathematics, MIRA Institute and Faculty of EEMCS, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - David Dolling
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Onstenk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mateus Crespo
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariane Sousa Fontes
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapies Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapies Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Fowler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Flohr
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Brune
- Department of Applied Mathematics, MIRA Institute and Faculty of EEMCS, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapies Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon W.M.M. Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong A, Graudins A. Risk prediction of hepatotoxicity in paracetamol poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 55:879-892. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1317349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anselm Wong
- Victorian Poisons Information Centre and Austin Toxicology Service, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
- Monash Emergency Research Collaborative, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Toxicology Service, Program of Emergency Medicine, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Andis Graudins
- Victorian Poisons Information Centre and Austin Toxicology Service, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
- Monash Emergency Research Collaborative, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Toxicology Service, Program of Emergency Medicine, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Significance of AZD1152 as a potential treatment against Aurora B overexpression in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2016; 95:1031-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Clarke JI, Dear JW, Antoine DJ. Recent advances in biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for hepatic drug safety – false dawn or new horizon? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:625-34. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2016.1160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I. Clarke
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James W. Dear
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics Unit, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel J. Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
D'Arcangelo M, Margetts J, Greystoke A. The use of circulating biomarkers in early clinical trials in patients with cancer. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1011-23. [PMID: 26441037 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies has changed the approach to early oncological clinical trial design. Identification of patient populations most likely to derive benefit and the biologically effective dose are now as important as determination of the maximum tolerated dose. Completion of the 'pharmacological audit trail' highlights drugs most likely to progress through to license, so resources can be allocated appropriately. Key to the success of this changing model is the validation/qualification of circulating biomarkers. These might provide a readily accessible and dynamic picture of drug effect, tumor response and toxicity with minimum risk to patients. This review article examines circulating biomarkers currently used in early oncological clinical trials. It considers the evidence for their employment, limitations and challenges for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manolo D'Arcangelo
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jane Margetts
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alastair Greystoke
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vliegenthart ADB, Antoine DJ, Dear JW. Target biomarker profile for the clinical management of paracetamol overdose. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:351-62. [PMID: 26076366 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver injury in the Western world. To improve patient care and reduce pressure on already stretched health care providers new biomarkers are needed that identify or exclude liver injury soon after an overdose of paracetamol is ingested. This review highlights the current state of paracetamol poisoning management and how novel biomarkers could improve patient care and save healthcare providers money. Based on the widely used concept of defining a target product profile, a target biomarker profile is proposed that identifies desirable and acceptable key properties for a biomarker in development to enable the improved treatment of this patient population. The current biomarker candidates, with improved hepatic specificity and based on the fundamental mechanistic basis of paracetamol-induced liver injury, are reviewed and their performance compared with our target profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Bastiaan Vliegenthart
- Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James W Dear
- Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tas F, Karabulut S, Yildiz I, Duranyildiz D. Clinical significance of serum M30 and M65 levels in patients with breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:1135-40. [PMID: 25465151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
M30 and M65 are relatively new assays that detect different circulating forms of the epithelial cell structural protein cytokeratin18. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the serum levels of M30 and M65 in patients with breast cancer. A total of 80 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer were enrolled into the study. Serum M30 and M65 concentrations were determined by the solid-phase sandwich ELISA method. Serum samples were obtained on first admission before any type of treatment. The median age at diagnosis was 52 years, range 30 to 81 years. The baseline serum M30 and M65 levels in patients with metastatic disease were significantly higher than those in the non-metastatic patients (P=0.017 and P=0.003, respectively). Moreover, serum M65 level was also elevated in patients with large tumor size (P=0.02). No correlation was found between these serum assay levels and response to chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, the significant relationship was found between the serum levels of M30 and M65 (rs=0.96, P<0.001). Neither serum M30 nor serum M65 had significantly effect on survival (P=0.50, and P=0.52, respectively). In conclusion, although both serum M30 and M65 levels are elevated in metastatic disease, no predictive and prognostic roles on survival were found in patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Tas
- Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Senem Karabulut
- Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yildiz
- Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parfieniuk-Kowerda A, Lapinski TW, Rogalska-Plonska M, Swiderska M, Panasiuk A, Jaroszewicz J, Flisiak R. Serum cytochrome c and m30-neoepitope of cytokeratin-18 in chronic hepatitis C. Liver Int 2014; 34:544-50. [PMID: 23981197 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cytochrome c (CYC) and M30-neoepitope of cytokeratin-18 (M30-CK18) are involved at different levels in apoptotic pathways. We aimed to evaluate an association between serum CYC, M30-CK18 and disease activity as well response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS Seventy CHC patients were enrolled in this study. Forty five of them completed pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy. Histopathological evaluation of hepatic inflammatory activity and fibrosis, as well as blood liver function tests, was performed. Serum concentrations of M30-CK18 and CYC were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Median serum concentration of M30-CK18 was higher in CHC patients [283 U/L] vs. control [113 U/L] (P = 0.0003) and was associated with inflammatory activity and liver fibrosis (P < 0.001). Serum M30-CK18 positively correlated with serum activity of ALT and GGT. CYC was not detected in sera of control group, whereas in CHC, 41.43% patients had detectable CYC in serum samples [0.60 ng/ml]. Detectable baseline serum CYC had been negatively associated with sustained virological response (SVR). In patients with detectable CYC, SVR rate was 20% vs. 60% in patients with undetectable CYC (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum M30-CK18, as an indicator of enhanced apoptosis of hepatocytes, parallels active hepatic inflammation and fibrosis but also biochemical activity in CHC; thus, it may serve as a comprehensive non-invasive marker of disease activity. On the other hand, detection of serum CYC at baseline may be negatively associated with treatment response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in CHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu L, Yang L, An W, Su X. Anticancer Bioactive Peptide-3 Inhibits Human Gastric Cancer Growth by Suppressing Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:697-711. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Cell Biology; Capital Medical University; No. 10 You An Men Wai Street Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital; Inner Mongolia Medical University; No. 1 Tongdao North Street Huimin District Hohhot 010050 China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Cell Biology; Capital Medical University; No. 10 You An Men Wai Street Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Department of Cell Biology; Capital Medical University; No. 10 You An Men Wai Street Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital; Inner Mongolia Medical University; No. 1 Tongdao North Street Huimin District Hohhot 010050 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Antoine DJ, Harrill AH, Watkins PB, Park BK. Safety biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury – current status and future perspectives. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
19
|
Antoine DJ, Dear JW, Lewis PS, Platt V, Coyle J, Masson M, Thanacoody RH, Gray AJ, Webb DJ, Moggs JG, Bateman DN, Goldring CE, Park BK. Mechanistic biomarkers provide early and sensitive detection of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury at first presentation to hospital. Hepatology 2013; 58:777-87. [PMID: 23390034 PMCID: PMC3842113 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetaminophen overdose is a common reason for hospital admission and the most frequent cause of hepatotoxicity in the Western world. Early identification would facilitate patient-individualized treatment strategies. We investigated the potential of a panel of novel biomarkers (with enhanced liver expression or linked to the mechanisms of toxicity) to identify patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (ALI) at first presentation to the hospital when currently used markers are within the normal range. In the first hospital presentation plasma sample from patients (n = 129), we measured microRNA-122 (miR-122; high liver specificity), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1; marker of necrosis), full-length and caspase-cleaved keratin-18 (K18; markers of necrosis and apoptosis), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; marker of mitochondrial dysfunction). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and positive/negative predictive values were used to compare sensitivity to report liver injury versus alanine transaminase (ALT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR). In all patients, biomarkers at first presentation significantly correlated with peak ALT or INR. In patients presenting with normal ALT or INR, miR-122, HMGB1, and necrosis K18 identified the development of liver injury (n = 15) or not (n = 84) with a high degree of accuracy and significantly outperformed ALT, INR, and plasma acetaminophen concentration for the prediction of subsequent ALI (n = 11) compared with no ALI (n = 52) in patients presenting within 8 hours of overdose. CONCLUSION Elevations in plasma miR-122, HMGB1, and necrosis K18 identified subsequent ALI development in patients on admission to the hospital, soon after acetaminophen overdose, and in patients with ALTs in the normal range. The application of such a biomarker panel could improve the speed of clinical decision-making, both in the treatment of ALI and the design/execution of patient-individualized treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - James W Dear
- NPIS Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghUK,University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceEdinburgh, UK
| | - Philip Starkey Lewis
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Vivien Platt
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Judy Coyle
- Emergency Medicine Research Group, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
| | - Moyra Masson
- Emergency Medicine Research Group, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
| | - Ruben H Thanacoody
- NPIS Newcastle, Regional Drugs and Therapeutics Centre, School of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of NewcastleNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alasdair J Gray
- Emergency Medicine Research Group, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
| | - David J Webb
- NPIS Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghUK,University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceEdinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan G Moggs
- Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR)Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christopher E Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK,Address reprint requests to: Prof. B. Kevin Park, Ph.D., MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK, L69 3GE. E-mail: fax: +44 151 795 0382
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Clinical significance of serum M30 and M65 levels in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3529-36. [PMID: 23784459 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
M30 and M65 are relatively new assays that detect different circulating forms of the epithelial cell structural protein cytokeratin 18. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of M30 and M65 in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MPA) and the relationship with tumor progression and known prognostic parameters. Twenty-six patients with MPA were investigated. Serum samples were obtained on first admission before treatment and follow-up. Both serum M30 and M65 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median age at diagnosis was 59 years, range 32-80 years; 14 patients were men. All patients had metastatic stage, and most (n = 21, 81%) had hepatic metastasis. The baseline levels of both serum M30 and serum M65 were significantly higher in patients with MPA than those in the control group (p < 0.001, for both assays). Serum M65 level was only significantly higher in the patients with elevated serum LDH levels than in others with normal serum LDH levels (p = 0.03). For serum M30 levels, no correlation was found. The significant relationship was found between the serum levels of M30 and M65 (r(s) = 0. 926, n = 26, p < 0.001, Spearman's correlation). The median survival for all patients was 31.7 ± 2.2 weeks (95% CI = 27.31-36.08). Although only the serum LDH level was found to be a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.01), neither serum M30 nor serum M65 had significant effect on survival (p = 0.28 and p = 0.15, respectively). In conclusion, although both serum levels of M30 and M65 assays were found to be of diagnostic value, no predictive and prognostic values were determined in MPA patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Smerage JB, Budd GT, Doyle GV, Brown M, Paoletti C, Muniz M, Miller MC, Repollet MI, Chianese DA, Connelly MC, Terstappen LW, Hayes DF. Monitoring apoptosis and Bcl-2 on circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:680-92. [PMID: 23538216 PMCID: PMC5528485 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTC) from whole blood permits monitoring of patients with breast carcinoma. Analysis of apoptosis & Bcl-2 expression in CTC might add additional prognostic and predictive information. We estimated the degree of these markers in CTC from patients being treated for metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Eighty-three evaluable patients initiating a new therapy for metastatic breast cancer were enrolled. Whole blood was collected at baseline, at one of three short term time windows (24, 48, or 72 h) after initiating treatment, and at first follow-up (3-5 weeks). CTC were isolated, enumerated, and expression of M30 and Bcl2 was determined using the CellSearch(®) System. RESULTS At baseline, window, and 3-5 weeks post-treatment, 41/80 (51%), 40/80 (50%) and 21/75 (28%) patients had ≥5 CTC, respectively. At baseline, the proportion of CTC-apoptosis (M30) was inversely correlated with CTC number, and modestly inversely correlated with CTC-Bcl-2. As expected, higher CTC levels at baseline or first follow-up were associated with worse prognosis. Surprisingly, in patients with elevated CTC, higher levels of CTC-apoptosis were associated with worse prognosis, while higher CTC-Bcl-2 levels correlated with better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS CTC apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 can be analytically determined in patients with metastatic breast cancer and may have biological and clinical implications. Characterization of CTC for these and other markers could further increase the utility of CTC monitoring patients in clinical investigations of new anti-neoplastic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Smerage
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - G. Thomas Budd
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | | | - Marty Brown
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Costanza Paoletti
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Maria Muniz
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel F. Hayes
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huancahuire-Vega S, Corrêa DHA, Hollanda LM, Lancellotti M, Ramos CHI, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S. Chemical modifications of PhTX-I myotoxin from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom: effects on structural, enzymatic, and pharmacological properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:103494. [PMID: 23484072 PMCID: PMC3591178 DOI: 10.1155/2013/103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We recently described the isolation of a basic PLA2 (PhTX-I) from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom. This toxin exhibits high catalytic activity, induces in vivo myotoxicity, moderates footpad edema, and causes in vitro neuromuscular blockade. Here, we describe the chemical modifications of specific amino acid residues (His, Tyr, Lys, and Trp), performed in PhTX-I, to study their effects on the structural, enzymatic, and pharmacological properties of this myotoxin. After chemical treatment, a single His, 4 Tyr, 7 Lys, and one Trp residues were modified. The secondary structure of the protein remained unchanged as measured by circular dichroism; however other results indicated the critical role played by Lys and Tyr residues in myotoxic, neurotoxic activities and mainly in the cytotoxicity displayed by PhTX-I. His residue and therefore catalytic activity of PhTX-I are relevant for edematogenic, neurotoxic, and myotoxic effects, but not for its cytotoxic activity. This dissociation observed between enzymatic activity and some pharmacological effects suggests that other molecular regions distinct from the catalytic site may also play a role in the toxic activities exerted by this myotoxin. Our observations supported the hypothesis that both the catalytic sites as the hypothetical pharmacological sites are relevant to the pharmacological profile of PhTX-I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salomón Huancahuire-Vega
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel H. A. Corrêa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. Hollanda
- Biotechnology Laboratory (LABIOTEC), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lancellotti
- Biotechnology Laboratory (LABIOTEC), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. I. Ramos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Ponce-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Multi-level evidence that circulating CK18 is a biomarker of tumour burden in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1518-24. [PMID: 22996610 PMCID: PMC3493762 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating total cytokeratin 18 (tCK18) and/or caspase cleaved cytokeratin 18 (cCK18) (measured by M65 and M30 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), respectively) are used as pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers of epithelial cell death in clinical trials. Having validated these ELISAs, we assessed their utility in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We applied the assays in several settings: 53 controls; 97 patients undergoing surgery and 74 patients with metastatic CRC undergoing chemotherapy (55 first line; 56 patients with repeated sampling through chemotherapy). Prognostic significance was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier life tables and Cox models; PD utility was assessed by analysis of repeated measures. Results: Median cCK18 and tCK18 levels were elevated in patients with cancer (both P=0.0001), and among cancer patients, there were increasing trends from early to advanced stages (both Ptrends=0.0001). Increasing tCK18 predicted for reduced survival after surgery with curative intent (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for doubling in concentration 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.01) and after first-line chemotherapy in metastatic disease (adjusted HR per doubling in concentration=1.78, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.30). In patients with progressive disease during chemotherapy, repeated sampling revealed profiles with high baselines and progressive upwardly increases after cycle 1. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for cytokeratin 18 (CK18) as a prognostic and PD biomarker in patients with CRC and supports continued deployment of circulating CK18 in biomarker-enhanced trials.
Collapse
|
24
|
ALFEREZ DENISG, GOODLAD ROBERTA, ODEDRA RAJESH, SINI PATRIZIA, CRAFTER CLAIRE, RYAN ANDERSONJ, WEDGE STEPHENR, WRIGHT NICHOLASA, ANDERSON ELIZABETH, WILKINSON ROBERTW. Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1475-85. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
25
|
Fareed KR, Soomro IN, Hameed K, Arora A, Lobo DN, Parsons SL, Madhusudan S. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 and tumour regression in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1915-20. [PMID: 22563171 PMCID: PMC3337566 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i16.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) and caspase-cleaved CK-18 expression in tumours and correlate with clinicopathological outcomes including tumour regression grade (TRG) response.
METHODS: Formalin-fixed human gastro-oesophageal cancers were constructed into tissue microarrays. The first set consisted of 122 gastric/gastro-oesophageal cancer cases not exposed to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the second set consisted of 97 gastric/gastro-oesophageal cancer cases exposed to pre-operative platinum-based chemotherapy. Expression of CK-18 and caspase-cleaved CK-18 was investigated using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: CK18 was commonly expressed in gastro-oesophageal tumours (92.6%). Fifty-six point seven percent of tumours previously exposed to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were positive for caspase-cleaved CK-18 expression compared to only 24.6% of tumours not previously exposed to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.009). In patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 expression correlated with favourable TRG response (TRG 1, 2 or 3, P = 0.043).
CONCLUSION: This is the largest study to date of CK-18 and caspase-cleaved CK-18 expression in gastro-oesophageal tumours. We provide the first evidence that caspase-cleaved CK-18 predicts tumour regression with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Dean E, Greystoke A, Ranson M, Dive C. Biomarkers of cell death applicable to early clinical trials. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1252-9. [PMID: 22483936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of biomarkers of cell death to reflect tumor biology and drug-induced response has garnered interest with the development of several classes of drugs aimed at decreasing the cellular threshold for apoptosis and exploiting pre-existing oncogenic stresses. These novel anticancer drugs, directly targeted to the apoptosis regulatory machinery and aimed at abrogating survival signaling pathways, are entering early clinical trials provoking the question of how to monitor their impact on cancer patients. The parallel development of drugs with predictive biomarkers and their incorporation into early clinical trials are anticipated to support the pharmacological audit trail, to speed the development and reduce the attrition rate of novel drugs whose objective is to provoke tumor cell death. Tumor biopsies are an ideal matrix to measure apoptosis, but surrogate less invasive biomarkers such as blood samples and functional imaging are less challenging to acquire clinically. Archetypal and exploratory examples illustrating the importance of biomarkers to drug development are given. This review explores the substantive challenges associated with the validation, deployment, interpretation and utility of biomarkers of cell death and reviews recent advances in their incorporation in preclinical and early clinical trial contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dean
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaddour-Djebbar I, Choudhary V, Lakshmikanthan V, Shirley R, El Gaish M, Al-Shabrawey M, Al-Husein B, Zhong R, Davis M, Dong Z, Bollag WB, Kumar MV. Diltiazem enhances the apoptotic effects of proteasome inhibitors to induce prostate cancer cell death. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:646-55. [PMID: 22393247 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.188151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used to treat cardiovascular ailments. In addition, reports suggest that diltiazem induces cell death, which could make it a drug of choice for the treatment of cancer associated with hypertension. The goal of this research was to determine whether diltiazem is capable of inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, either alone or in combination with the proteasome inhibitors, lactacystin and bortezomib (Velcade). Bortezomib is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma; unfortunately, it has side effects that limit its utility. Presumably these side effects could be decreased by reducing its dose in combination with another drug. We have previously shown that lactacystin induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells; here, we show that this effect was enhanced by diltiazem. Furthermore, in proteasome inhibitor-resistant DU145 cells, diltiazem alone did not induce apoptosis but decreased cytosolic calcium levels and induced mitochondrial fission; likewise, lactacystin did not induce apoptosis but up-regulated the proapoptotic protein Bik. However, increasing concentrations of diltiazem in combination with lactacystin or bortezomib induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent and synergistic manner. The combination of diltiazem and lactacystin also up-regulated the levels of Bik and released Bak from Bcl-xL, indicating the involvement of the Bcl2 family pathway in this apoptosis. In addition, the drug combination up-regulated GRP78, suggesting also the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the apoptotic response. Thus, our results demonstrate a potential therapeutic advantage of combining a frequently used calcium channel blocker with proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jackson RC. Pharmacodynamic modelling of biomarker data in oncology. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 2012:590626. [PMID: 22523699 PMCID: PMC3302113 DOI: 10.5402/2012/590626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers in oncology has implications for design of clinical protocols from preclinical data and for predicting clinical outcomes from early clinical data. Two classes of biomarkers have received particular attention. Phosphoproteins in biopsy samples are markers of inhibition of signalling pathways, target sites for many novel agents. Biomarkers of apoptosis in plasma can measure tumour cell killing by drugs in phase I clinical trials. The predictive power of PD biomarkers is enhanced by data modelling. With pharmacokinetic models, PD models form PK/PD models that predict the time course both of drug concentration and drug effects. If biomarkers of drug toxicity are also measured, the models can predict drug selectivity as well as efficacy. PK/PD models, in conjunction with disease models, make possible virtual clinical trials, in which multiple trial designs are assessed in silico, so the optimal trial design can be selected for experimental evaluation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Evaluation of pharmacodynamic biomarkers in a Phase 1a trial of dulanermin (rhApo2L/TRAIL) in patients with advanced tumours. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1830-8. [PMID: 22033270 PMCID: PMC3251880 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dulanermin (rhApo2L/TRAIL) induces apoptosis by binding to death receptors DR4 and DR5, leading to caspase activation and subsequent cell death. A Phase1a trial evaluated the safety and tolerability of dulanermin in patients with advanced tumours. One aim was to develop and validate pharmacodynamic biomarkers to monitor dulanermin activity in patient serum. Methods: We optimised assays to measure the cell-death markers caspase 3/7, cytokeratin 18 and genomic DNA in serum. Mice bearing Colo205 xenografts were treated with dulanermin and sera were collected and assayed for apoptotic markers. Upon validating these assays, we monitored apoptotic markers in patients who received dulanermin. Results: We detected transient increases in apoptotic markers in mouse sera 8–24 h after dulanermin treatment. This increase was dose-dependent and correlated with active caspase 3 detected by IHC in Colo205 tumours. A statistically significant increase in serum caspase 3/7 was detected in cohorts of colorectal and sarcoma patients 24 h after receiving dulanermin dosed above 4 mg kg−1. Conclusion: Owing to limited responses in the Phase 1a study, the changes in circulating cell-death markers were not evaluable. Future studies with dulanermin are needed to determine the utility of these assays with respect to providing evidence of activity or predicting overall response.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pisetsky DS, Gauley J, Ullal AJ. HMGB1 and microparticles as mediators of the immune response to cell death. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2209-19. [PMID: 21194388 PMCID: PMC3166182 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a wide variety of diseases, cell death represents both an outcome and an important step in pathogenesis. This duality occurs because cell death leads to the extracellular release of molecules and structures that can potently induce the innate immune system. These mediators include the alarmins which are endogenous cellular constituents that exit activated or dying cells to stimulate toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as non-TLR receptors. Of alarmins, the nonhistone protein HMGB1 is the prototype. Like DNA and RNA, HMGB1 can translocate from cells as they die. The activity of HMGB1 may reflect its interaction with other molecules such as LPS, DNA, and cytokines. In addition to alarmins, dead and dying cells can release subcellular organelles called microparticles that contain cytoplasmic and nuclear constituents, including DNA and RNA. These particles can impact on many cell types to induce inflammation. The release of HMGB1 and microparticles shows important similarities, occurring with cell death as well as stimulation of certain but not all TLRs. Furthermore, nitric oxide can induce the release of both. These observations suggest that the products of dead cells can serve as important mediators to drive immune responses and promote inflammation and autoreactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Medical Research Service, Durham VA Hospital, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Optimization of circulating biomarkers of obatoclax-induced cell death in patients with small cell lung cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 13:339-47. [PMID: 21472138 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease in which, after initial sensitivity to platinum/etoposide chemotherapy, patients frequently relapse with drug-resistant disease. Deregulation of the Bcl-2 pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of SCLC, and early phase studies of Bcl-2 inhibitors have been initiated in SCLC. Obatoclax is a small-molecule drug designed to target the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members to a proapoptotic effect. Preclinical studies were conducted to clarify the kinetics of obatoclax-induced apoptosis in a panel of SCLC cell lines to assist with the interpretation of biomarker data generated during early phase clinical trials. In vitro, obatoclax was synergistic with cisplatin and etoposide, and "priming" cells with obatoclax before the cytotoxics maximized tumor cell death. Peak levels of apoptosis, reflected by cleaved cytokeratin 18 (CK18) levels (M30 ELISA) and caspase activity (SR-DEVD-FMK), occurred 24 hours after obatoclax treatment. A phase 1b-2 trial of obatoclax administered using two infusion regimens in combination with carboplatin and etoposide has been completed in previously untreated patients with extensive-stage SCLC. Circulating pharmacodynamic biomarkers of cell death, full-length and/or cleaved CK18, and oligonucleosomal DNA were studied in the phase 1b trial. All SCLC patients classified as "responders" after two cycles of treatment showed significantly increased levels of full-length and cleaved CK18 (M65 ELISA) on day 3 of study. However, the preclinical data and the absence of a peak in circulating caspase-cleaved CK18 in trial patients suggest suboptimal timing of blood sampling, which will need refinement in future trials incorporating obatoclax.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ulukaya S, Ulukaya E, Alper I, Yilmaztepe-Oral A, Kilic M. Soluble cytokeratin 18 biomarkers may provide information on the type of cell death during early ischemia and reperfusion periods of liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011; 24:848-54. [PMID: 20030677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular damage takes place as a result of ischemia and reperfusion during liver transplantation (LT). To discriminate the type of cell death and quantitate its severity may provide new insights into the mechanisms of hepatocellular damage. Therefore, we investigated the type of cell death by ELISA-based assays in patient sera. Apoptosis was specifically assessed by measuring a novel soluble biomarker, the caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, while total cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) by cytokeratin 18 released from dead (necrotic and apoptotic) cells. Twenty-seven live (LDLT) and 14 deceased (DDLT) donor liver transplantations were analyzed before the operation, at the anhepatic stage, first, sixth and 24th hour after the reperfusion. Both apoptosis and total cell death have successfully been demonstrated although they have not been confirmed by the liver biopsy that is impossible to perform in this setting. Apoptosis was not induced in LDLT. Total cell death (primarily necrosis) only transiently appeared the first hour after the reperfusion in LDLT, while it sharply increased the first hour after the reperfusion and maintained its level in DDLT. Soluble cytokeratin 18 biomarkers seem to be useful to discriminate and quantitate the type of cell death during early ischemia and reperfusion periods of LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sezgin Ulukaya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aurora B kinase inhibitor AZD1152: determinants of action and ability to enhance chemotherapeutics effectiveness in pancreatic and colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:769-80. [PMID: 21304529 PMCID: PMC3048212 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: AZD1152, the prodrug for AZD1152-hydroxyquinazoline pyrazol anilide (HQPA), is a selective inhibitor of Aurora B kinase activity. Preclinical evaluation of AZD1152 has been reported in several human cancer models. The potentiality of this compound in combination therapy warrants further investigation in solid tumours. Experimental design: This study explored the effects of AZD1152-HQPA in colon and pancreatic tumour cells. The antitumour properties of AZD1152, either as single agent or in combination with chemotherapeutics, were evaluated in each study model. The efficacy and the toxicity of AZD1152 alone and in combination with gemcitabine were validated in pancreatic tumour xenograft model. Results: AZD1152-HQPA treatment resulted in a dramatic increase of chromosome number, modification of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. The most effective combination was that with chemotherapeutics given soon after AZD1152 in both tumour cell types. The effectiveness of the sequential schedule of AZD1152 with gemcitabine was confirmed in nude mice bearing MiaPaCa-2 tumours, showing inhibition of tumour volumes and delaying of tumour growth after the interruption of the treatments. Conclusion: Here we show that AZD1152-HQPA enhances oxaliplatin and gemcitabine effectiveness in colon and pancreatic cancer, respectively. First, we provide advances into administration schedules and dosing regimens for the combination treatment in in vivo pancreatic tumour.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang L, Kavanagh BD, Thorburn AM, Camidge DR. Preclinical and Clinical Estimates of the Basal Apoptotic Rate of a Cancer Predict the Amount of Apoptosis Induced by Subsequent Proapoptotic Stimuli. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4478-89. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Linder S, Olofsson MH, Herrmann R, Ulukaya E. Utilization of cytokeratin-based biomarkers for pharmacodynamic studies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:353-9. [PMID: 20370591 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratin (CK)18 is a useful serum biomarker for the determination of cell death of epithelial-derived tumors (carcinomas). ELISAs are available for caspase-cleaved CK18 (M30) released from apoptotic cells, or total CK18 (M65) released by cells undergoing cell death by any cause. These assays have been demonstrated to have prognostic or predictive utility in various types of carcinomas. Encouraging data have been reported by different investigators with regard to the potential use of CK18 as a serum efficacy biomarker for monitoring therapy efficiency in carcinoma patients. The ratio of caspase-cleaved to total CK18 can be determined conveniently in serum or plasma using commercially available ELISA kits (M30-Apoptosense and M65 ELISA, Peviva AB, Bromma, Sweden). M30:M65 ratios potentially provide information as to whether tumor cells undergo apoptosis or necrosis. However, as discussed in this review, M30:M65 ratios should be interpreted with caution and, preferably, only be applied to samples that contain significant levels of CK18. We conclude that M30 and M65 biomarkers provide both quantitative and qualitative information on carcinoma cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stig Linder
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yaman E, Coskun U, Sancak B, Buyukberber S, Ozturk B, Benekli M. Serum M30 levels are associated with survival in advanced gastric carcinoma patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:719-22. [PMID: 20362077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) is a cytoskeleton protein of epithelial cells which are released into the circulation during necrotic or apoptotic cell death. M30 detects caspase-cleaved neo-epitope of CK-18; whereas M 65 measures whole length intact protein. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum M65 and M30 levels in patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS Thirty eight patients with advanced disease were included in the study. Thirty-two healthy people were chosen as control group. Serum M65 and M30 levels were measured by quantitative ELISA method. RESULTS Serum M65 levels were found significantly elevated in patients compared to control group (385.7+/-280.6 vs. 200.2+/-164.5, p=0.002). Serum M30 levels were significantly increased in patients compared to the control group (204.6+/-245 vs. 106.5+/-17.5, p=0.03). Patients with metastatic disease had significantly higher levels of serum M30 compared to patients with locally advanced disease (267.1+/-296.1 vs. 102.3+/-53.2, p=0.03). Serum M30 and M65 levels were evaluated in respect to survival. Best cut-off value for the prediction of death for M30 antigen level was 83.8U/L. Patients with higher M30 levels had significantly shorter median survival compared to patients' lower serum M30 levels. However, there was no impact of serum M65 levels on survival. Serum M30 levels and clinical stage were found as the strongest variables with independent prognostic value for overall survival. DISCUSSION These results suggest that serum M65 and M30 levels were elevated in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma patients. Serum M30 levels can be helpful to predict tumor load and also survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Yaman
- Mersin State Hospital, Medical Oncology Department, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brandt D, Volkmann X, Anstätt M, Länger F, Manns MP, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. Serum biomarkers of cell death for monitoring therapy response of gastrointestinal carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1464-73. [PMID: 20202824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antitumour treatments are thought to exert their therapeutic efficacy mainly by induction of apoptosis in tumour cells. In epithelial cells, caspases, the key enzymes of apoptosis, cleave the intermediate filament protein cytokeratin (CK)-18 into specific fragments that are released into circulating blood and can be detected by a specific ELISA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To investigate the use of CK-18 fragments as a potential biomarker for the treatment response, we examined the association of serum CK-18 levels and clinical response in 35 patients with gastrointestinal cancers. RESULTS While both cleaved and total CK-18 levels were intrinsically elevated in tumour patients, they were further increased during 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy. Importantly, the increased levels of CK-18 could discriminate between patients with different clinical response. Cancer patients with a partial response or stable disease revealed a significantly higher increase of cleaved CK-18 during chemotherapy as compared to patients with progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that detection of circulating caspase-cleaved CK-18 might be a useful serum biomarker for monitoring treatment response and should merit further evaluation in larger patient groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Brandt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Senturk T, Aydinlar A, Yilmaz Y, Oral AY, Ozdabakoglu O, Ulukaya E. Serial changes in circulating M30 antigen, a biomarker of apoptosis, in patients with acute coronary syndromes: relationship with the severity of coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2010; 20:494-8. [PMID: 19770641 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e328330d56a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence has indicated the potential clinical usefulness of measuring different forms of cytokeratin 18 in patient sera (M30 antigen for apoptosis and M65 antigen for necrosis) for distinguishing different forms of cell death. Preliminary data have reported altered levels of cytokeratin 18 fragments in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ischemic heart disease. In this study, serum levels of M30 and M65 were measured in 74 patients with ACS [including 17 cases with unstable angina and 57 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)], 25 patients with stable angina, and 23 controls. METHODS In patients with ACS, serial measurements of M30 and M65 were obtained, and for each patient, the following values were determined: (i) values at admission, (ii) values obtained 24 h after symptom onset, and (iii) values obtained at 48 h after symptom onset. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was expressed using the Gensini score. RESULTS On admission, M30 and M65 levels in ACS patients were similar to those observed in stable angina patients and control participants. In AMI patients, serum levels of M30 peaked at 24 h and declined thereafter at 48 h. Notably, serum levels of M30 measured at 24 h correlated significantly and positively with the extent of coronary artery disease as measured by the Gensini score in AMI patients (r = 0.253, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Serum levels of the apoptotic marker M30 peak at 24 h after AMI and reflects the extent of coronary artery disease in this patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tunay Senturk
- Department of Cardiology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zock JM. Applications of high content screening in life science research. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2009; 12:870-76. [PMID: 19938341 PMCID: PMC2841426 DOI: 10.2174/138620709789383277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, imaging as a detection mode for cell based assays has opened a new world of opportunities to measure "phenotypic endpoints" in both current and developing biological models. These "high content" methods combine multiple measurements of cell physiology, whether it comes from sub-cellular compartments, multicellular structures, or model organisms. The resulting multifaceted data can be used to derive new insights into complex phenomena from cell differentiation to compound pharmacology and toxicity. Exploring the major application areas through review of the growing compendium of literature provides evidence that this technology is having a tangible impact on drug discovery and the life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Zock
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Antoine DJ, Mercer AE, Williams DP, Park BK. Mechanism-based bioanalysis and biomarkers for hepatic chemical stress. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:565-77. [PMID: 19621999 DOI: 10.1080/00498250903046993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions, in particular drug-induced hepatotoxicity, represent a major challenge for clinicians and an impediment to safe drug development. Novel blood or urinary biomarkers of chemically-induced hepatic stress also hold great potential to provide information about pathways leading to cell death within tissues. The earlier pre-clinical identification of potential hepatotoxins and non-invasive diagnosis of susceptible patients, prior to overt liver disease is an important goal. Moreover, the identification, validation and qualification of biomarkers that have in vitro, in vivo and clinical transferability can assist bridging studies and accelerate the pace of drug development. Drug-induced chemical stress is a multi-factorial process, the kinetics of the interaction between the hepatotoxin and the cellular macromolecules are crucially important as different biomarkers will appear over time. The sensitivity of the bioanalytical techniques used to detect biological and chemical biomarkers underpins the usefulness of the marker in question. An integrated analysis of the biochemical, molecular and cellular events provides an understanding of biological (host) factors which ultimately determine the balance between xenobiotic detoxification, adaptation and liver injury. The aim of this review is to summarise the potential of novel mechanism-based biomarkers of hepatic stress which provide information to connect the intracellular events (drug metabolism, organelle, cell and whole organ) ultimately leading to tissue damage (apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation). These biomarkers can provide both the means to inform the pharmacologist and chemist with respect to safe drug design, and provide clinicians with valuable tools for patient monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Antoine
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Antoine DJ, Williams DP, Kipar A, Jenkins RE, Regan SL, Sathish JG, Kitteringham NR, Park BK. High-Mobility Group Box-1 Protein and Keratin-18, Circulating Serum Proteins Informative of Acetaminophen-Induced Necrosis and Apoptosis In Vivo. Toxicol Sci 2009; 112:521-31. [PMID: 19783637 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L693GE, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hou JM, Greystoke A, Lancashire L, Cummings J, Ward T, Board R, Amir E, Hughes S, Krebs M, Hughes A, Ranson M, Lorigan P, Dive C, Blackhall FH. Evaluation of circulating tumor cells and serological cell death biomarkers in small cell lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:808-16. [PMID: 19628770 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serological cell death biomarkers and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential uses as tools for pharmacodynamic blood-based assays and their subsequent application to early clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated both the expression and clinical significance of CTCs and serological cell death biomarkers in patients with small cell lung cancer. Blood samples from 88 patients were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for various cytokeratin 18 products (eg, M65, cell death, M30, and apoptosis) as well as nucleosomal DNA. CTCs (per 7.5 ml of blood) were quantified using Veridex CellSearch technology. Before therapeutic treatment, cell death biomarkers were elevated in patients compared with controls. CTCs were detected in 86% of patients; additionally, CD56 was detectable in CTCs, confirming their neoplastic origin. M30 levels correlated with the percentage of apoptotic CTCs. M30, M65, lactate dehydrogenase, and CTC number were prognostic for patient survival as determined by univariate analysis. Using multivariate analysis, both lactate dehydrogenase and M65 levels remained significant. CTC number fell following chemotherapy, whereas levels of serological cell death biomarkers peaked at 48 hours and fell by day 22, mirroring the tumor response. A 48-hour rise in nucleosomal DNA and M30 levels was associated with early response and severe toxicity, respectively. Our results provide a rationale to include the use of serological biomarkers and CTCs in early clinical trials of new agents for small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Hou
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|