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Sun Q, Zhang L, Huang X, Wang M. Salidroside prevents gestational hypertension-induced impairment of offspring learning and memory via Wnt/Skp2 pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 832:137787. [PMID: 38641312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salidroside (Sal) has been found to protect against multiple impairments caused by diabetes, and we designed this study to investigate the effect of Sal on gestational hypertension (GHP)-induced impairment of offspring learning and memory. METHODS We established a GHP rat model by intraperitoneal injection of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and treated with Sal by daily gavage. We used Morris Water Maze test to evaluate the learning and memory ability of offspring rats. HE staining was used to measured the pathological changes in hippocampus of offspring. Immunohistochemistry, cellular immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the protein expression. RESULTS The learning and memory abilities of GHP offspring rats were significantly lower than those of normal rat offspring, while Sal treatment could significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of GHP offspring rats. HE staining did not reveal pathological differences in the hippocampus of normal rats, GHP rats and Sal-treated GHP offspring rats. However, Sal treatment can significantly increase the expression of Wnt1 and Skp2 protein, and decrease the expression of P27kiwf and P21waf1 protein in the hippocampus of GHP offspring rats. In vitro, Sal significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation on neural stem cell, while Wnt1 knockdown could reverse these promotions by Sal. In the hippocampus of GHP offspring rats, Sal treatment significantly increased the expression of Tuj1, SOX2, Ki67 and DCX protein. CONCLUSION Salidroside significantly improves the learning and memory impairment of offspring caused by GHP, and its mechanism may be related to the fact that Salidroside promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells by activating the Wnt1/Skp2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Xiuyan Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.
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2
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Sen P, Roy Acharyya S, Arora A, Ghosh SS. An in-silico approach to understand the potential role of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) in the inhibition of the Wnt signalling pathway. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:326-345. [PMID: 36995086 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
WIF1 (Wnt inhibitory factor 1) is a potent tumour suppressor gene which is epigenetically silenced in numerous malignancies. The associations of WIF1 protein with the Wnt pathway molecules have not been fully explored, despite their involvement in the downregulation of several malignancies. In the present study, a computational approach encompassing the expression, gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis is employed to obtain an insight into the role of the WIF1 protein. Moreover, the interaction of the WIF1 domain with the Wnt pathway molecules was carried out to ascertain the tumour-suppressive role of the domain, along with the determination of their plausible interactions. Initially, the protein-protein interaction network analysis endowed us with the Wnt ligands (such as Wnt1, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt8a and Wnt9a), along with the Frizzled receptors (Fzd1 and Fzd2) and the low-density lipoprotein complex (Lrp5/6) as the foremost interactors of the protein. Further, the expression analysis of the aforementioned genes and proteins was determined using The Cancer Genome Atlas to comprehend the significance of the signalling molecules in the major cancer subtypes. Moreover, the associations of the aforementioned macromolecular entities with the WIF1 domain were explored using the molecular docking studies, whereas the dynamics and stability of the assemblage were investigated using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. Therefore, providing us insights into the plausible roles of WIF1 in inhibiting the Wnt pathways in various malignancies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plaboni Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Suchandra Roy Acharyya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Arisha Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Shen CH, Li PY, Wang SC, Wu SR, Hsieh CY, Dai YC, Liu YW. Epigenetic regulation of human WIF1 and DNA methylation situation of WIF1 and GSTM5 in urothelial carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16004. [PMID: 37206019 PMCID: PMC10189273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) is known to function as a tumor suppressor gene; it inhibits oncogene activation by preventing WNT signaling. This study investigated the epigenetic regulation of WIF1 gene in bladder cancer. We observed a positive relationship between WIF1 mRNA expression and survival probability of bladder cancer patients. The WIF1 gene expression could be enhanced by DNA demethylation drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), suggesting that epigenetic modifications could regulate WIF1 gene expression. Overexpression of WIF1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in 5637 cells, confirming the tumor suppressor role of WIF1. 5-Aza-dC dose dependently increased WIF1 gene expression while reducing DNA methylation level, suggesting that reversing WIF1 DNA methylation could activate its gene expression. We collected the cancer tissues and urine pellets of bladder cancer patients and only urine pellets from non-bladder cancer volunteers for DNA methylation analysis, but the methylation level of WIF1 gene -184 to +29 did not differ between patients and controls. We also analyzed glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (GSTM5) gene methylation level because GSTM5 DNA hypermethylation was suggested to be a tumor biomarker in our previous study. It confirmed a higher GSTM5 DNA methylation in bladder cancer patients than in controls. In summary, this study suggests that the 5-aza-dC activated WIF1 gene which showed an anti-cancer effect, while WIF1 promoter -184 to +29 did not provide a suitable methylation assay region in clinical samples. In contrast, GSTM5 promoter -258 to -89 is a useful region for DNA methylation assay because it shows a higher methylation level in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
- SKBIO Technology Corporation, Taipei, 114065, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chieh Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, 437, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Rong Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Hu X, Lei X, Guo J, Fu W, Sun W, Lu Q, Su W, Xu Q, Tu K. The Emerging Role of RNA N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:927640. [PMID: 35936737 PMCID: PMC9354683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant cancers, ranking the seventh highest causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Recently, RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is emerging as one of the most abundant RNA modifications in eukaryote cells, involved in multiple RNA processes including RNA translocation, alternative splicing, maturation, stability, and degradation. As reported, m6A was dynamically and reversibly regulated by its “writers”, “erasers”, and “readers”, Increasing evidence has revealed the vital role of m6A modification in the development of multiple types of cancers including PC. Currently, aberrant m6A modification level has been found in both PC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, abnormal expressions of m6A regulators and m6A-modified genes have been reported to contribute to the malignant development of PC. Here in this review, we will focus on the function and molecular mechanism of m6A-modulated RNAs including coding RNAs as well as non-coding RNAs. Then the m6A regulators will be summarized to reveal their potential applications in the clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Lei
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Guo
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiliang Lu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Su, ; Qiuran Xu, ; Kangsheng Tu,
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Su, ; Qiuran Xu, ; Kangsheng Tu,
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Su, ; Qiuran Xu, ; Kangsheng Tu,
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Wu G, Weng W, Xia P, Yan S, Zhong C, Xie L, Xie Y, Fan G. Wnt signalling pathway in bladder cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109886. [PMID: 33340660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common tumours of the urinary system and is also known as a highly malignant tumour. In addition to conventional diagnosis and treatment methods, recent research has focused on studying the molecular mechanisms related to BC, in the hope that new, less toxic and effective targeted anticancer drugs and new diagnostic markers can be discovered. It is known that the Wingless (Wnt) signalling pathway and its related genes, proteins and other substances are involved in multiple biological processes of various tumours. Clarifying the contribution of the Wnt signalling pathway in bladder tumours will help establish early diagnosis indicators, develop new therapeutic drugs and evaluate the prognosis for BC. This review aims to summarise previous studies related to BC and the Wnt signalling pathway, with a focus on exploring the participating substances and their mechanisms in the regulation of the Wnt signalling pathway to better determine how to promote new chemotherapeutic drugs, potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Wu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Weidong Weng
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Shixian Yan
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany; Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China.
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China; Department of Urology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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6
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Sugito N, Heishima K, Ito Y, Akao Y. Synthetic MIR143-3p Suppresses Cell Growth in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells by Interrupting RAS Pathways Including PAX3-FOXO1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113312. [PMID: 33182548 PMCID: PMC7696565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma with embryonal (ERMS) and alveoral (ARMS) features, most frequently found in children. ARMS has the worse prognosis due to the formation of the chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 gene. New therapies are needed for the treatment of ARMS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticancer effect of chemically-modified MIR143-3p#12 (CM-MIR143#12) on RMS. The ectopic expression of CM-MIR143#12 induced a cell growth suppression by silencing not only KRAS, AKT, and ERK but also the PAX3–FOXO1 chimeric gene, and KRAS networks could control the expression of chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 in ARMS cells. Moreover, CM-MIR143#12 also silenced NRAS mutant in ERMS RD cells. CM-MIR143#12 can be a new nucleic acid medicine for the treatment of RMS by impairing the RAS networks including PAX3–FOXO1. Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma most frequently found in children. In RMS, there are two major subtypes, embryonal RMS (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS). ARMS has the worse prognosis of the two owing to the formation of the chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 gene. A novel therapeutic method is required for treating ARMS. In our previous study, we found that the ectopic expression of chemically modified MIR143-3p#12 (CM-MIR143#12), which is RNase-resistant and shows the highest anti-proliferation activity among the synthesized MIR143 derivatives that were tested, induces significant cell growth suppression by targeting KRAS, AKT, and ERK in colorectal cancer cells. The expression of MIR143-3p in RMS was dramatically downregulated compared with that of normal tissue. Ectopic expression of CM-MIR143#12 in RMS cells resulted in a significant growth inhibitory effect through the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Interestingly, we found that CM-MIR143#12 also silenced the expression of chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 directly and, using siR-KRAS or siR-AKT, that KRAS networks regulated the expression of PAX3–FOXO1 in ARMS cells. In ERMS harboring NRAS mutation, CM-MIR143#12 silenced mutated NRAS. These findings indicate that CM-MIR143#12 efficiently perturbed the RAS signaling pathway, including the ARMS-specific KRAS/PAX3–FOXO1 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (N.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazuki Heishima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (N.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan;
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (N.S.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Association between AXIN1 Gene Polymorphisms and Bladder Cancer in Chinese Han Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3949343. [PMID: 31143301 PMCID: PMC6501201 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3949343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous evidence has indicated that the reduction of axis inhibition protein 1 (AXIN1) expression is related with the poor differentiation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the potential association between AXIN1 and bladder cancer (BC) is unknown. We aimed to initially explore the relevance of AXIN1 gene polymorphisms (rs12921862 C/A, rs1805105 T/C, and rs370681 C/T) and BC. Methods Three hundred and sixteen BC patients and 419 healthy controls had been enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for genotyping three tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AXIN1. The SNPstats online analysis software and SPSS software were used for statistical analysis. Results Our data revealed that three tag SNPs were associated with an increased risk of BC (rs12921862: P < 0.001, OR (95%CI) = 4.61 (3.13-6.81); rs1805105: P = 0.046, OR (95%CI) = 1.35 (1.00-1.82); and rs370681: P = 0.004, OR (95%CI) = 1.56 (1.15-2.10)). For rs12921862, A allele was an independently protective factor which correlated with a better prognosis in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients (P = 0.03, OR (95%CI) = 0.10 (0.01-0.84)). Stratification analysis demonstrated that rs370681 polymorphism was related with high-grade bladder cancer (P = 0.04, OR (95%CI) = 1.85 (1.04-3.23)). Conclusion The AXIN1 gene polymorphisms might implicate in BC risk, and rs12921862 could be a potential forecasting factor for prognosis of BC patients.
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Andrew SC, Taylor MP, Lundregan S, Lien S, Jensen H, Griffith SC. Signs of adaptation to trace metal contamination in a common urban bird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:679-686. [PMID: 30212697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metals and metalloids at elevated concentrations can be toxic to both humans and wildlife. In particular, lead exposure can act as a stressor to wildlife and cause negative effects on fitness. Any ability to adapt to stress caused by the negative effects of trace metal exposure would be beneficial for species living in contaminated environments. However, mechanisms for responding adaptively to metal contamination are not fully understood in free-living organisms. The Australian populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) provides an excellent opportunity to study potential adaptation to environmental lead contamination because they have a commensal relationship with humans and are distributed broadly across Australian settlements including many long-term mining and smelting communities. To examine the potential for an evolutionary response to long-term lead exposure, we collected genomic SNP data using the house sparrow 200 K SNP array, from 11 localities across the Australian distribution including two mining sites (Broken Hill and Mount Isa, which are two genetically independent populations) that have well-established elevated levels of lead contamination as well as trace metals and metalloids. We contrast these known contaminated locations to other lesser-contaminated environments. Using an ecological association genome scan method to identify genomic differentiation associated with estimates of lead contamination we identified 60 outlier loci across three tests. A total of 39 genes were found to be physically linked (within 20 kbps) of all outliers in the house sparrow reference genome. The linked candidate genes included 12 genes relevant to lead exposure, such as two metal transporters that can transport metals including lead and zinc across cell membranes. These candidate genes provide targets for follow up experiments comparing resilience to lead exposure between populations exposed to varied levels of lead contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Andrew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sarah Lundregan
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Lien
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Simon C Griffith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Massiot J, Rosilio V, Ibrahim N, Yamamoto A, Nicolas V, Konovalov O, Tanaka M, Makky A. Newly Synthesized Lipid-Porphyrin Conjugates: Evaluation of Their Self-Assembling Properties, Their Miscibility with Phospholipids and Their Photodynamic Activity In Vitro. Chemistry 2018; 24:19179-19194. [PMID: 30362192 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-porphyrin conjugates are considered nowadays as promising building blocks for the conception of supramolecular structures with multifunctional properties, required for efficient cancer therapy by photodynamic therapy (PDT). The synthesis of two new lipid-porphyrin conjugates coupling pheophorbide-a (Pheo-a), a photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll-a, to either chemically modified lyso-phosphatidylcholine (PhLPC) or egg lyso-sphingomyelin (PhLSM) is reported. The impact of the lipid backbone of these conjugates on their self-assembling properties, as well as on their physicochemical properties, including interfacial behavior at the air/buffer interface, fluorescence and absorption properties, thermotropic behavior, and incorporation rate in the membrane of liposomes were studied. Finally, their photodynamic activity was evaluated on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and normal esophageal squamous epithelium cell lines. The liposome-like vesicles resulting from self-assembly of the pure conjugates were unstable and turned into aggregates with undefined structure within few days. However, both lipid-porphyrin conjugates could be efficiently incorporated in lipid vesicles, with higher loading rates than unconjugated Pheo-a. Interestingly, phototoxicity tests of free and liposome-incorporated lipid-porphyrin conjugates demonstrated a better selectivity in vitro to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma relative to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Massiot
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Véronique Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nada Ibrahim
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Akihisa Yamamoto
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- UMS IPSIT, Univ Paris-Sud, US 31 INSERM, UMS 3679 CNRS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Oleg Konovalov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble Cedex 9, 38053, France
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan.,Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Physical Chemistry Institute, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Makky
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Hosseini V, Dani C, Geranmayeh MH, Mohammadzadeh F, Nazari Soltan Ahmad S, Darabi M. Wnt lipidation: Roles in trafficking, modulation, and function. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8040-8054. [PMID: 30341908 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway consists of various downstream target proteins that have substantial roles in mammalian cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. Its aberrant activity can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and tumorigenesis. The posttranslational connection of fatty acyl chains to Wnt proteins provides the unique capacity for regulation of Wnt activity. In spite of the past belief that Wnt molecules are subject to dual acylation, it has been shown that these proteins have only one acylation site and undergo monounsaturated fatty acylation. The Wnt monounsaturated fatty acyl chain is more than just a hydrophobic coating and appears to be critical for Wnt signaling, transport, and receptor activation. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings in Wnt monounsaturated fatty acylation and the mechanism by which this lipid moiety regulates Wnt activity from the site of production to its receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hosseini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Darabi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
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da Silveira WA, Renaud L, Simpson J, Glen WB, Hazard ES, Chung D, Hardiman G. miRmapper: A Tool for Interpretation of miRNA⁻mRNA Interaction Networks. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090458. [PMID: 30223528 PMCID: PMC6162471 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 30% of all genes in the mammalian cells are regulated by microRNA (miRNAs). The most relevant miRNAs in a cellular context are not necessarily those with the greatest change in expression levels between healthy and diseased tissue. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs that modulate a large number of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts ultimately have a greater influence in determining phenotypic outcomes and are more important in a global biological context than miRNAs that modulate just a few mRNA transcripts. Here, we describe the development of a tool, “miRmapper”, which identifies the most dominant miRNAs in a miRNA–mRNA network and recognizes similarities between miRNAs based on commonly regulated mRNAs. Using a list of miRNA–target gene interactions and a list of DE transcripts, miRmapper provides several outputs: (1) an adjacency matrix that is used to calculate miRNA similarity utilizing the Jaccard distance; (2) a dendrogram and (3) an identity heatmap displaying miRNA clusters based on their effect on mRNA expression; (4) a miRNA impact table and (5) a barplot that provides a visual illustration of this impact. We tested this tool using nonmetastatic and metastatic bladder cancer cell lines and demonstrated that the most relevant miRNAs in a cellular context are not necessarily those with the greatest fold change. Additionally, by exploiting the Jaccard distance, we unraveled novel cooperative interactions between miRNAs from independent families in regulating common target mRNAs; i.e., five of the top 10 miRNAs act in synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian A da Silveira
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Jonathan Simpson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - William B Glen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Edward S Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Academic Affairs Faculty, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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12
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Huang X, Wu C, Fu Y, Guo L, Kong X, Cai H. Methylation analysis for multiple gene promoters in non-small cell lung cancers in high indoor air pollution region in China. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:746-754. [PMID: 30126609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The prevalence and mortality rates of lung cancer in Xuanwei, Yunnan, China, are the highest in the world. The severe indoor air pollution caused by smoky coals with high benzo (a)pyrene (BaP) and quartz levels is the main environmental factor. The aim of this study was to investigate methylation profiles of promoters in eight genes in primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) exposed to smoky coals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Candidate genes including CDKN2A, DLEC1, CDH1, DAPK, RUNX3, APC, WIF1 and MGMT were determined for the promoter methylation status using Nested methylation-specific PCR (nMSP) in primary 23NSCLC tissues and in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from 42plasma samples (9matched to tissues) as well as 10healthy plasma samples, using Sanger sequencing to verify the results. RESULTS Seven of the 8genes, except MGMT, had relatively high methylation frequencies ranging from 39%-74% in tissues. Moreover, methylation frequencies in five genes identified in lung cancer plasma were 45% for CDKN2A, 48% for DLEC1, 76% for CDH1, 14% for DAPK, 29% for RUNX3, with a relatively good concordance of methylation among 9 tissues and paired plasma. However, the genes from all healthy plasma showed no methylation. CONCLUSIONS A panel of genes including CDKN2A, DLEC1, CDH1, DAPK and RUNX3 may be used as potential epigenetic biomarkers for early lung cancer detection. CDH1 promoter methylation was associated with lung cancer metastasis in areas of air pollution from buring of smoky coals. DLEC1 and CDH1 exhibited specific high methylation frequencies, different from previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical school, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China
| | - Chaoqun Wu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical school, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical school, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical school, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical school, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan province, China.
| | - Haibo Cai
- Yunfeng Hospital, Department of Oncology, 655400 Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, China.
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13
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Luo X, Ye S, Jiang Q, Gong Y, Yuan Y, Hu X, Su X, Zhu W. Wnt inhibitory factor-1-mediated autophagy inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by downregulating dishevelled-2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:904-914. [PMID: 29916529 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt inhibitory factor‑1 (WIF‑1) is an important antagonist of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by binding to Wnt ligands. The downregulation of WIF‑1 leads to the development of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The upregulation of WIF‑1 significantly inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in NSCLC. However, the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy are poorly understood. Thus, in this study, we aimed to shed some light into these mechanisms. The upregulation of WIF‑1‑induced autophagy in NSCLC cells was detected by transmission electron microscopy, acridine orange staining, punctate GFP‑LC3 and immunoblotting‑based LC3 flux assay. Subsequently, WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy was blocked in NSCLC cells and the effects of WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy blocking were examined on the proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms effected by WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy in NSCLC cells. Finally, combination treatment with WIF‑1 and an autophagy agonist was used to examine the tumor growth inhibitory effects of WIF‑1 in vivo. The results revealed that the upregulation of WIF‑1 induced autophagy in NSCLC cells. WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy was demonstrated to inhibit Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by downregulating dishevelled‑2 (Dvl2), which contributed to the inhibition of the proliferation and the promotion of the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Moreover, the induction of autophagy mediated by WIF‑1 was associated with to suppression of the activation of the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Finally, we found that transfection with a WIF‑1 gene overexpression vector in combination with treatment with the autophagy agonist, everolimus (RAD001) exerted synergistic antitumor effects on A549 subcutaneous tumor xenografts and pulmonary metastasis in mice. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrated that WIF‑1‑mediated autophagy inhibits Wnt/β‑catenin signaling by downregulating Dvl2 expression in NSCLC cells. This may a novel molecular mechanism through which WIF‑1 inhibits Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. This study may provide a theoretical basis for joint therapy of NSCLC with WIF‑1 and autophagic agonists in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Induced by Aberrant Methylation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Using Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061698. [PMID: 29875348 PMCID: PMC6032197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant disease. Methylation plays a key role in the etiology and pathogenesis of OSCC. The goal of this study was to identify aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OSCCs, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis by using integrated bioinformatic analysis. Gene expression profiles (GSE30784 and GSE38532) were analyzed using the R software to obtain aberrantly methylated DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis of screened genes was performed using the DAVID software. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database. The cBioPortal software was used to exhibit the alterations of genes. Lastly, we validated the results with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Twenty-eight upregulated hypomethylated genes and 24 downregulated hypermethylated genes were identified. These genes were enriched in the biological process of regulation in immune response, and were mainly involved in the PI3K-AKT and EMT pathways. Additionally, three upregulated hypomethylated oncogenes and four downregulated hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) were identified. In conclusion, our study indicated possible aberrantly methylated DEGs and pathways in OSCCs, which could improve the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Aberrantly methylated oncogenes and TSGs may also serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the precise diagnosis and treatment of OSCCs in the future.
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15
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Pang M, Liu Y, Hou X, Yang J, He X, Hou N, Liu P, Liang L, Fu J, Wang K, Ye Z, Gong B. A novel APC mutation identified in a large Chinese family with familial adenomatous polyposis and a brief literature review. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1423-1432. [PMID: 29901124 PMCID: PMC6072187 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant disease, is a colon cancer predisposition syndrome that manifests as a large number of adenomatous polyps. Mutations in the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are responsible for the majority of cases of FAP. The purpose of the present study was to report the clinical features of a Chinese family with FAP and screen for novel mutations using the targeted next‑generation sequencing technology. Among the 29 family members, 12 were diagnosed of FAP. Based on an established filtering strategy and data analyses, along with confirmation by Sanger sequencing and co‑segregation, a novel frameshift mutation c.1317delA (p.Ala440LeufsTer14) in exon 10 of the APC gene was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this mutation has not been reported prior to the present study. In addition, it was correlated with extra‑colonic phenotypes featuring duodenal polyposis and sebaceous cysts in this family. This novel frameshift mutation causing FAP not only expands the germline mutation spectrum of the APC gene in the Chinese population, but it also increases the understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic correlations of FAP, and may potentially lead to improved genetic counseling and specific treatment for families with FAP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xuelai He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Nengyi Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Peixi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Luo Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Junwen Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Zimeng Ye
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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16
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Li F, Li Q, Wu X. Construction and analysis for differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs mediated competing endogenous RNA network in colon cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192494. [PMID: 29420609 PMCID: PMC5805314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been confirmed to act as a key regulatory molecule in different types of cancers and play a significant role in tumors initiation and progression. LncRNA can be as acompeting endogenous RNA(ceRNA) to regulate the expression of targeted genes by sponging miRNA. In the present study, we explore the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in colon cancer and their potential implications for prognosis.The lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles of 341 colon cancer tissues and 27 non-tumor colon tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression of RNAs was identified using the “DESeq” bioconductor package in R. PPI network of differentially expressed genes was constructed using the STRING database. Survival analysis was estimated based on Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. We used KOBAS 3.0 to analyze the KEGG pathway of DEGs. The dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network was constructed in colon cancer based on bioinformatics generated from miRanda, PicTar, TargetScan, miRDB and miRcode. A total of 791 DElncRNAs and 200 DEmiRNAs were identified in colon cancer compared with matched normal tissues with thresholds of |log2foldChange (FC)| >3.0and adjusted P value<0.05.Twenty DElncRNAs were identified, may be related to tumorigenesis and/or progression of colon cancer. Nine out of 20 dysregulated lncRNA were found to be significantly associated with overall survival (P value<0.05). Finally, we successfully constructed colon cancer-associated ceRNA network, including 9 colon cancer-specific lncRNAs, 13 miRNAS and 70 mRNAs. In conclusion, our study will contribute to improve the understanding of ceRNA network regulatory mechanisms in colon cancer. These identified novel lncRNAs can be as candidate prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxi Li
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianghua Wu
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Effect of perineoplasm perinephric adipose tissues on migration of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells: a potential role of WNT signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53277-53288. [PMID: 27409168 PMCID: PMC5288185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the cellular and molecular interactions between clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and perinephric adipose tissue (PAT), perineoplasm PAT, PAT away from the neoplasm, renal sinus and subcutaneous adipose tissues were collected at the time of renal surgery for renal masses and conditioned medium (CM) was generated from 62 patients. Perineoplasm PAT CMs from 44 out of 62 (about 71%) of patients with ccRCC or benign renal diseases (e.g. oncocytomas, angiomyolipomas, multicystic kidney, interstitial fibrosis, etc.) enhanced the migration of CaKi-2 cells. Perineoplasm PAT CMs from ccRCC significantly increased migration of ACHN and CaKi-2 cells by ~8.2 and ~2.4 folds, respectively, relative to those from benign renal diseases, whereas there is no significant difference in migration between ccRCC and benign renal diseases in CMs collected from culturing PAT away from neoplasm, renal sinus and subcutaneous adipose tissues. High Fuhrman Grade was associated with increased migration of Caki-2 cells by perineoplasm PAT CMs. Perineoplasm PATs from pT3 RCCs overexpressed multiple WNTs and their CMs exhibited higher WNT/ß-catenin activity and increased the migration of Caki-2 cells compared to CMs from benign neoplasms. Addition of secreted WNT inhibitory factor-1 recombinant protein into perineoplasm PAT CMs completely blocked the cell migration. These results indicate that WNT related factors from perineoplasm PAT may promote progression of local ccRCC to locally advanced (pT3) disease by increasing ccRCC cell mobility.
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18
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NDRG2 facilitates colorectal cancer differentiation through the regulation of Skp2-p21/p27 axis. Oncogene 2018; 37:1759-1774. [PMID: 29343851 PMCID: PMC5874257 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Poorly differentiated colorectal cancers (CRCs) are more aggressive and lack targeted therapies. We and others previously reported the predominant role of tumor-suppressor NDRG2 in promoting CRC differentiation, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that NDRG2 induction of CRC cell differentiation is dependent on the repression of E3 ligase Skp2 activity. In patients and Ndrg2 knockout mice, NDRG2 and Skp2 are negatively correlated and associated with cell differentiation stage. Further, NDRG2 suppression of Skp2 contributes to the inductions and stabilizations of p21 and p27, which are Skp2 target proteins for degradation. The reduction of either p21 or p27 levels by shRNA can decrease NDRG2-induced AKP activity and resume cell growth inhibition, thus both p21 and p27 are required for NDRG2 effect on the promotion of cell differentiation in CRCs. The mechanistic study shows that NDRG2 suppresses β-catenin nuclear translocation and decreases the occupancy of β-catenin/TCF complex on Skp2 promoter, potentially through dephosphorylating GSK-3β. By subjecting a series of NDRG2 deletion mutants to Skp2 expression, the loss of NH2-terminal domain can completely abolish NDRG2-dependent differentiation induction. Supporting the biological significance of the reciprocal relationship between NDRG2 and Skp2, an NDRG2low/Skp2high gene expression signature correlates with poor CRC patient outcome and could be considered as a diagnostic marker of CRCs.
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19
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Wu JC, Tsai ML, Lai CS, Lo CY, Ho CT, Wang YJ, Pan MH. Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1689-1701. [PMID: 29197069 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Several studies have shown that polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are effective in preventing carcinogen-induced CRC or colitis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. We found that PMFs significantly prevented BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation. BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. The autophagic defect caused by BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis was improved by pretreatment with PMFs. We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/β-catenin independent process. Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ching Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lo
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, no. 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.,Department of food safety/Hygiene and risk management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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20
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Sugito N, Taniguchi K, Kuranaga Y, Ohishi M, Soga T, Ito Y, Miyachi M, Kikuchi K, Hosoi H, Akao Y. Cancer-Specific Energy Metabolism in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells Is Regulated by MicroRNA. Nucleic Acid Ther 2017; 27:365-377. [DOI: 10.1089/nat.2017.0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuranaga
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Maki Ohishi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Division of Life Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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21
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Driehuis E, Clevers H. WNT signalling events near the cell membrane and their pharmacological targeting for the treatment of cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4547-4563. [PMID: 28244067 PMCID: PMC5727251 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signalling is an essential signalling pathway for all multicellular animals. Although first described more than 30 years ago, new components and regulators of the pathway are still being discovered. Considering its importance in both embryonic development and adult homeostasis, it is not surprising that this pathway is often deregulated in human diseases such as cancer. Recently, it became clear that in addition to cytoplasmic components such as β-catenin, other, membrane-bound or extracellular, components of the WNT pathway are also altered in cancer. This review gives an overview of the recent discoveries on WNT signalling events near the cell membrane. Furthermore, membrane-associated components of the WNT pathway, which are more accessible for therapeutic intervention, as well therapeutic approaches that already target those components will be discussed. In this way, we hope to stimulate the development of effective anti-cancer therapies that target this fascinating pathway. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Driehuis
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)UtrechtThe Netherlands
- University medical center (UMC)UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)UtrechtThe Netherlands
- University medical center (UMC)UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Princess Maxime Center (PMC)UtrechtThe Netherlands
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22
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Teng JP, Yang ZY, Zhu YM, Ni D, Zhu ZJ, Li XQ. The roles of ARHGAP10 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4613-4618. [PMID: 28943961 PMCID: PMC5592856 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. In the present study, a comparison of To determine the roles of ARHGAP10 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells expression levels between normal lung tissues and lung cancer tissues were compared using immunoblotting, and CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Lung cancer tissues had a decreased ARHGAP10 mRNA expression level compared to the adjacent normal tissues. The ectopic expression of ARHGAP10 significantly suppressed the migration, invasion and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that metastasis and Wnt signaling pathways were negatively correlated with ARHGAP10 expression. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that ARHGAP10 overexpression inhibited metastasis [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and VEGF] and the expression of Wnt pathway-related proteins (β-catenin and c-Myc). Moreover, the stimulation effects of lithium chloride, a GSK3β inhibitor, on the accumulation of β-catenin were notably suppressed by ARHGAP10 overexpression. Collectively, ARHGAP10 acts to suppress tumor within lung cancer by affecting metastasis and Wnt signaling pathways. The results therefore suggest that ARHGAP10 is a potentially attractive target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ping Teng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Da Ni
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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23
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Schmid SC, Sathe A, Guerth F, Seitz AK, Heck MM, Maurer T, Schwarzenböck SM, Krause BJ, Schulz WA, Stoehr R, Gschwend JE, Retz M, Nawroth R. Wntless promotes bladder cancer growth and acts synergistically as a molecular target in combination with cisplatin. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:544.e1-544.e10. [PMID: 28501564 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the contribution of Wnt signaling pathway to bladder cancer growth in order to identify suitable target molecules for therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of Wnt 2/4/7, LRP5/6, TCF1/2/4, LEF-1, and β-actin was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in a panel of 9 and for Wntless (WLS) in 17 bladder cancer cell lines. Protein expression of WLS was detected in 6 cell lines. Wnt/β-catenin activity was analyzed using the TOPflash/FOPflash luciferase reporter assay. Expression level of β-catenin, WIF1, Dickkopf proteins (DKK), HSulf-2, sFRP4, and WLS was modulated by transfecting or infecting cells transiently or stably with respective shRNAs, siRNAs, or cDNAs. For protein detection, whole cell lysates were applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblots. Effects on cell growth were determined by cell viability assays and BrdU/APC incorporation/staining. For 3-dimensional tumor growth, the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model was used. Tumor growth was characterized by weight. RESULTS Expression of molecular components and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway could be detected in all cell lines. Expression level of β-catenin, WIF1, DKK, WLS, and HSulf-2 influenced Wnt activity. Expression of WLS was confirmed in 17 cell lines by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in 6 cell lines by immunoblotting. WLS positively regulates Wnt signaling, cell proliferation, and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. These effects could be reversed by the expression of the Wnt antagonist WIF1 and DKK. Synergistic activity of cisplatin and WLS inactivation by genetic silencing could be observed on cell viability. CONCLUSION The Wnt signaling pathway is ubiquitously activated in bladder cancer and regulates tumor growth. WLS might be a target protein for novel therapies in combination with established chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Schmid
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anuja Sathe
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Guerth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Seitz
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias M Heck
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Du¨sseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Margitta Retz
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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24
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Lin B, Hong H, Jiang X, Li C, Zhu S, Tang N, Wang X, She F, Chen Y. WNT inhibitory factor 1 promoter hypermethylation is an early event during gallbladder cancer tumorigenesis that predicts poor survival. Gene 2017; 622:42-49. [PMID: 28438695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor in the human biliary tract, but the lack of a marker for timely diagnosis leads to an extremely poor prognosis. In this study, we assessed CpG sites in the WIF-1 promoter using bisulfite sequencing PCR and methylation-specific PCR to detect methylation in gallbladder cancer and cholecystitis tissues. WIF-1 promoter methylation was present in 36 of 50 (72.0%) gallbladder cancers but only 5 of 20 (25.0%) cholecystitis tissues (P=0.000<0.05), suggesting that WIF-1 promoter methylation might participate in the malignant transformation of cholecystitis into gallbladder cancer. WIF-1 methylation was negatively correlated with WIF-1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, demonstrating that WIF-1 expression is downregulated by promoter hypermethylation. We analyzed the prognosis of 50 GBC patients with 5years of follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with hypermethylated WIF-1 exhibited worse overall survival than those with hypomethylated WIF-1 (χ2=8.137, P=0.004<0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that WIF-1 methylation was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year overall survival (P=0.011). Therefore, WIF-1 methylation is a candidate as a marker for early gallbladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - HaiJie Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - XiaoJie Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - ChengZong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - SiYuan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - NanHong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China
| | - XiaoQian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China
| | - FeiFei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - YanLing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, China.
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25
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Lyu X, Li J, Yun X, Huang R, Deng X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Xiao G. miR-181a-5p, an inducer of Wnt-signaling, facilitates cell proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1469-1476. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Taniguchi K, Sakai M, Sugito N, Kumazaki M, Shinohara H, Yamada N, Nakayama T, Ueda H, Nakagawa Y, Ito Y, Futamura M, Uno B, Otsuki Y, Yoshida K, Uchiyama K, Akao Y. PTBP1-associated microRNA-1 and -133b suppress the Warburg effect in colorectal tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18940-52. [PMID: 26980745 PMCID: PMC4951342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that pyruvate kinase in muscle (PKM), which is a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, has essential roles in the Warburg effect and that expression of cancer-dominant PKM2 is increased by polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), which is a splicer of the PKM gene. In other words, PKM2 acts as a promoter of the Warburg effect. Previously, we demonstrated that the Warburg effect was partially established by down-regulation of several microRNAs (miRs) that bind to PTBP1 and that ectopic expression of these miRs suppressed the Warburg effect. In this study, we investigated the functions of miR-1 and -133b, which are well known as muscle-specific miRs, from the viewpoint of the Warburg effect in colorectal tumors. The expression levels of miR-1 and -133b were relatively high in colon tissue except muscle and very frequently down-regulated in 75 clinical colorectal tumors samples, even in adenomas, compared with those of the adjacent normal tissue samples. The ectopic expression of these miRs induced growth suppression and autophagic cell death through the switching of PKM isoform expression from PKM2 to PKM1 by silencing PTBP1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Also, we showed that the resultant increase in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in this mechanism. Furthermore, PTBP1 was highly expressed in most of the 30 clinical colorectal tumor samples examined, even in adenomas. Our results suggested that PTBP1 and PTBP1-associated miR-1 and -133b are crucial molecules for the maintenance of the Warburg effect in colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Taniguchi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Miku Sakai
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruka Shinohara
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nami Yamada
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Nakayama
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Manabu Futamura
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Bunji Uno
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Otsuki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchiyama
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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27
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Zheng Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Song B, Zhou Q, Liang X, Yang X. Promoter hypermethylation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 in patients with lung cancer: A systematic meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5433. [PMID: 27930522 PMCID: PMC5265994 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoter hypermethylation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1)-a tumor suppressor gene-has been detected in several types of human tumors. However, the association between WIF-1 promoter hypermethylation and lung cancer remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the clinical significance of WIF-1 promoter hypermethylation in lung cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to obtain eligible studies. The combined odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the strength of associations. RESULTS A total of 8 eligible publications with 626 cases and 512 controls were included in our study. The combined ORs revealed that WIF-1 promoter hypermethylation was significantly higher in lung cancer than in controls (OR 10.53, P < 0.001). Moreover, WIF-1 promoter hypermethylation was significantly associated with smoking behavior (OR 1.88, P = 0.002). No significant correlation was found between WIF-1 promoter hypermethylation and sex status, age status, tumor stage, and pathological types in cancer. Multivariate analysis results indicated the absence of correlation between WIF-1 promoter hypermethylation and with relapse-free survival and overall survival. Subgroup analysis by sample type demonstrated that promoter hypermethylation of WIF-1 was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in the tissue (OR 7.89, P < 0.001), blood (OR 21.83, P = 0.034), and pleural effusion subgroups (OR 157.43, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Promoter hypermethylation of WIF-1 may play a crucial role in lung cancer carcinogenesis. It may be a noninvasive biomarker using blood or pleural effusion detection. WIF-1 promoter hypermethylation is correlated with smoking behavior, but not with sex status, age status, tumor stage, pathological types, and the prognosis of lung cancer patients in terms of relapse-free survival and overall survival. More investigations, including a larger number of subjects, are required to further confirm the findings of our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Yiming Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Yufen Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Binbin Song
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
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28
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Brook L, Whitfield GK, Hsieh D, Bither RD, Hsieh JC. The Mammalian Hairless Protein as a DNA Binding Phosphoprotein. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:341-350. [PMID: 27355563 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hairless (Hr) protein plays critical roles in skin and brain tissues, but how it interacts with DNA and partner protein is only now being defined. Our initial tests of four consensus response elements, revealed that rat Hr can specifically bind to a consensus p53 response element (p53RE), 5'-AGACATGCCTAGACATGCCT-3', but not to response elements for NF-κB, TCF4 or Sp1. We then employed ChIP assays which verified that human HR binds to a p53RE of the GADD45A gene in both HEK293 (embryonic kidney) and U87 (glioblastoma) cells. Further, HR was shown to interact directly with the p53 protein in a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Cotransfections with p53RE reporter gene constructs revealed that rat Hr can boost p53-mediated transactivation of a reporter gene linked to the GADD45A p53RE, but blunts p53-mediated transactivation when the reporter gene is linked to a p21 promoter fragment containing a p53RE, with implications for the regulation of these two cell cycle control genes. Finally, our investigations of HR phosphorylation revealed that rat Hr is a substrate for PKC, but not PKA, and that human HR is phosphorylated in intact U87 cells at Ser-416, located in a highly conserved region which partially fulfills the criteria of a PKC site. We propose that mammalian Hr is a phosphoprotein which can exert cross-talk with the p53 pathway with important implications for the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in tissues such as skin and brain where Hr is highly expressed. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 341-350, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemlem Brook
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - G Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David Hsieh
- Mount Auburn Hospital, 330 Mt Auburn St, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan D Bither
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jui-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
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29
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Huang C, Wei YX, Shen MC, Tu YH, Wang CC, Huang HC. Chrysin, Abundant in Morinda citrifolia Fruit Water-EtOAc Extracts, Combined with Apigenin Synergistically Induced Apoptosis and Inhibited Migration in Human Breast and Liver Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4235-45. [PMID: 27137679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The composition of Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia) was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the anticancer effects of M. citrifolia extract evaluated in HepG2, Huh7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. M. citrifolia fruit extracts were obtained by using five different organic solvents, including hexane (Hex), methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform (CHCl3), and ethanol (EtOH). The water-EtOAc extracts from M. citrifolia fruits was found to have the highest anticancer activity. HPLC data revealed the predominance of chrysin in water-EtOAc extracts of M. citrifolia fruit. Furthermore, the combined effects of cotreatment with apigenin and chrysin on liver and breast cancer were investigated. Treatment with apigenin plus chrysin for 72-96 h reduced HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell viability and induced apoptosis through down-regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) expression. However, the combination treatment for 36 h synergistically decreased MDA-MB-231 cell motility but not cell viability through down-regulation of MMP2, MMP9, fibronectin, and snail in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, chrysin combined with apigenin also suppressed tumor growth in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells xenograft through down-regulation of ki-67 and Skp2 protein. The experimental results showed that chrysin combined with apigenin can reduce HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 proliferation and cell motility and induce apoptosis. It also offers opportunities for exploring new drug targets, and further investigations are underway in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Xuan Wei
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ma-Ching Shen
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tu
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
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30
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Wang N, Wang Z, Wang Y, Xie X, Shen J, Peng C, You J, Peng F, Tang H, Guan X, Chen J. Dietary compound isoliquiritigenin prevents mammary carcinogenesis by inhibiting breast cancer stem cells through WIF1 demethylation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9854-76. [PMID: 25918249 PMCID: PMC4496402 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the root of mammary tumorigenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that ISL efficiently limited the activities of breast CSCs. However, the cancer prevention activities of ISL and its precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report a novel function of ISL as a natural demethylation agent targeting WIF1 to prevent breast cancer. ISL administration suppressed in vivo breast cancer initiation and progression, accompanied by reduced CSC-like populations. A global gene expression profile assay further identified WIF1 as the main response gene of ISL treatment, accompanied by the simultaneous downregulation of β-catenin signaling and G0/G1 phase arrest in breast CSCs. In addition, WIF1 inhibition significantly relieved the CSC-limiting effects of ISL and methylation analysis further revealed that ISL enhanced WIF1 gene expression via promoting the demethylation of its promoter, which was closely correlated with the inhibition of DNMT1 methyltransferase. Molecular docking analysis finally revealed that ISL could stably dock into the catalytic domain of DNMT1. Taken together, our findings not only provide preclinical evidence to demonstrate the use of ISL as a dietary supplement to inhibit mammary carcinogenesis but also shed novel light on WIF1 as an epigenetic target for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieshu You
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fu Peng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Deng Q, Shan N, Peng W, Luo X, Zhang H, Baker PN, Tong C, Qi H. Inhibition of Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 Under Hypoxic Condition in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Promoted Angiogenesis in Vitro. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1348-58. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116638174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and family planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinyin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Philip N. Baker
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
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Ferguson BS, Nam H, Morrison RF. Curcumin Inhibits 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Proliferation by Mechanisms Involving Post-transcriptional p27 Regulation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:16-21. [PMID: 26688832 PMCID: PMC4680981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports from our lab have shown that Skp2 is necessary for p27 degradation and cell cycle progression during adipocyte differentiation. Data presented here demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity phytochemical curcumin blocked Skp2 protein accumulation during early adipocyte hyperplasia. In addition, curcumin dose-dependently induced p27 protein accumulation and G1 arrest of synchronously replicating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Of note, p27 protein accumulation occurred in the presence of decreased p27 mRNA suggesting a role for post-transcriptional regulation. In support of this hypothesis, curcumin markedly increased p27 protein half-life as well as attenuated ubiquitin proteasome activity suggesting that inhibition of targeted p27 proteolysis occurred through curcumin-mediated attenuation of Skp2 and 26S proteasome activity. While we observed no cytotoxic effects for curcumin at doses less than 20 µM, it is important to note an increase in apoptotic signaling at concentrations greater than 30 µM. Finally, data presented here demonstrate that the anti-proliferative effect of curcumin was critical for the suppression of adipocyte differentiation and the development of the mature adipocyte. Collectively, our data demonstrate that curcumin-mediated post-transcriptional accumulation of p27 accounts in part for the anti-proliferative effect observed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Heesun Nam
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Ron F Morrison
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
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Li T, Lai Q, Wang S, Cai J, Xiao Z, Deng D, He L, Jiao H, Ye Y, Liang L, Ding Y, Liao W. MicroRNA-224 sustains Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promotes aggressive phenotype of colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:21. [PMID: 26822534 PMCID: PMC4731927 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in CRC development, progression and metastasis. Aberrant miR-224 expression has been reported in CRC. However, the mechanism of miR-224 promotes both proliferation and metastatic ability largely remains unclear. METHODS Real-time PCR was used to quantify miR-224 expression. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and target gene associations, and immunofluorescence staining assay was performed to observe the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Bioinformatics analysis combined with in vivo and vitro functional assays showed the potential target genes, GSK3β and SFRP2, of miR-224. Specimens from forty patients with CRC were analyzed for the expression of miR-224 and the relationship with GSK3β/SFRP2 by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS Bioinformatics and cell luciferase function studies verified the direct regulation of miR-224 on the 3'-UTR of the GSK3β and SFRP2 genes, which leads to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. In addition, knockdown of miR-224 significantly recovered the expression of GSK3β and SFRP2 and attenuated Wnt/β-catenin-mediated cell metastasis and proliferation. The ectopic upregulation of miR-224 dramatically inhibited the expression of GSK3β/SFRP2 and enhanced CRC proliferation and invasion. CONCLUSION Our research showed mechanistic links between miR-224 and Wnt/β-catenin in the pathogenesis of CRC through modulation of GSK3β and SFRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Juanjuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Danling Deng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liuqing He
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongli Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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A novel cell-penetrating peptide suppresses breast tumorigenesis by inhibiting β-catenin/LEF-1 signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19156. [PMID: 26750754 PMCID: PMC4707489 DOI: 10.1038/srep19156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of β-catenin/LEF-1 signaling is an emerging strategy in cancer therapy. However, clinical targeted treatment of the β-catenin/LEF-1 complex remains relatively ineffective. Therefore, development of specific molecular targets is a key approach for identifying new cancer therapeutics. Thus, we attempted to synthesize a peptide (TAT-NLS-BLBD-6) that could interfere with the interaction of β-catenin and LEF-1 at nuclei in human breast cancer cells. TAT-NLS-BLBD-6 directly interacted with β-catenin and inhibited breast cancer cell growth, invasion, migration, and colony formation as well as increased arrest of sub-G1 phase and apoptosis; it also suppressed breast tumor growth in nude mouse and zebrafish xenotransplantation models, showed no signs of toxicity, and did not affect body weight. Furthermore, the human global gene expression profiles and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software showed that the TAT-NLS-BLBD-6 downstream target genes were associated with the HER-2 and IL-9 signaling pathways. TAT-NLS-BLBD-6 commonly down-regulated 27 candidate genes in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which are concurrent with Wnt downstream target genes in human breast cancer. Our study suggests that TAT-NLS-BLBD-6 is a promising drug candidate for the development of effective therapeutics specific for Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition.
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Leon G, MacDonagh L, Finn SP, Cuffe S, Barr MP. Cancer stem cells in drug resistant lung cancer: Targeting cell surface markers and signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:71-90. [PMID: 26706243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite advances in anti-cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, five-year survival rates remain poor (<15%). Inherent and acquired resistance has been identified as a key factor in reducing the efficacy of current cytotoxic therapies in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There is growing evidence suggesting that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Similar to normal tissue stem cells, CSCs exhibit significant phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. While CSCs have been reported in a wide spectrum of human tumors, the biology of CSCs in NSCLC remain elusive. Current anti-cancer therapies fail to eradicate CSC clones and instead, favor the expansion of the CSC pool and select for resistant CSC clones thereby resulting in treatment resistance and subsequent relapse in these patients. The identification of CSC-specific marker subsets and the targeted therapeutic destruction of CSCs remains a significant challenge. Strategies aimed at efficient targeting of CSCs are becoming increasingly important for monitoring the progress of cancer therapy and for evaluating new therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the current knowledge of cancer stem cell markers in treatment-resistant lung cancer cells and the signaling cascades activated by these cells to maintain their stem-like properties. Recent progress in CSC-targeted drug development and the current status of novel agents in clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Leon
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lauren MacDonagh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Noguchi S, Mori T, Igase M, Mizuno T. A novel apoptosis-inducing mechanism of 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine in melanoma cells: Demethylation of TNF-α and activation of FOXO1. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:344-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Inhibitors of Wnt signaling have been shown to be involved in prostate cancer (PC) metastasis; however the role of Sclerostin (Sost) has not yet been explored. Here we show that elevated Wnt signaling derived from Sost deficient osteoblasts promotes PC invasion, while rhSOST has an inhibitory effect. In contrast, rhDKK1 promotes PC elongation and filopodia formation, morphological changes characteristic of an invasive phenotype. Furthermore, rhDKK1 was found to activate canonical Wnt signaling in PC3 cells, suggesting that SOST and DKK1 have opposing roles on Wnt signaling in this context. Gene expression analysis of PC3 cells co-cultured with OBs exhibiting varying amounts of Wnt signaling identified CRIM1 as one of the transcripts upregulated under highly invasive conditions. We found CRIM1 overexpression to also promote cell-invasion. These findings suggest that bone-derived Wnt signaling may enhance PC tropism by promoting CRIM1 expression and facilitating cancer cell invasion and adhesion to bone. We concluded that SOST and DKK1 have opposing effects on PC3 cell invasion and that bone-derived Wnt signaling positively contributes to the invasive phenotypes of PC3 cells by activating CRIM1 expression and facilitating PC-OB physical interaction. As such, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of SOST in vivo. We found that PC3-cells overexpressing SOST injected via the tail vein in NSG mice did not readily metastasize, and those injected intrafemorally had significantly reduced osteolysis, suggesting that targeting the molecular bone environment may influence bone metastatic prognosis in clinical settings.
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Novellasdemunt L, Antas P, Li VSW. Targeting Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. A Review in the Theme: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C511-21. [PMID: 26289750 PMCID: PMC4609654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00117.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays essential roles during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Notably, comprehensive genetic studies in Drosophila and mice in the past decades have demonstrated the crucial role of Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cell maintenance by regulating proliferation, differentiation, and cell-fate decisions. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in a variety of cancers and other diseases. Loss of the Wnt pathway negative regulator adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is the hallmark of human colorectal cancers (CRC). Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing further reveal many novel recurrent Wnt pathway mutations in addition to the well-characterized APC and β-catenin mutations in CRC. Despite attractive strategies to develop drugs for Wnt signaling, major hurdles in therapeutic intervention of the pathway persist. Here we discuss the Wnt-activating mechanisms in CRC and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Antas
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian S W Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
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Taniguchi K, Sugito N, Kumazaki M, Shinohara H, Yamada N, Nakagawa Y, Ito Y, Otsuki Y, Uno B, Uchiyama K, Akao Y. MicroRNA-124 inhibits cancer cell growth through PTB1/PKM1/PKM2 feedback cascade in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:17-27. [PMID: 25818238 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Altered levels and functions of microRNAs (miRs) have been associated with carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-124 in colorectal adenoma (CRA) and cancer (CRC). The expression levels of miR-124 were decreased in CRA (81.8%) and CRC (57.6%) in 55 clinical samples. The ectopic expression of miR-124 induced apoptosis and autophagy in colon cancer cells. Also, miR-124 targeted polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB1), which is a splicer of pyruvate kinase muscles 1 and 2 (PKM1 and PKM2) and induced the switching of PKM isoform expression from PKM2 to PKM1. Also, siR-PTB1 induced drastic apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that the ectopic expression of miR-124 enhanced oxidative stress and the miR-124/PTB1/PKM1/PKM2 axis constituted a feedback cascade. Finally, we showed that intratumor injection of miR-124 and siR-PTB1 induced a tumor-suppressive effect in xenografted mice. The axis was established by both in vitro and in vivo experiments to function in human colorectal cancer cells. These findings suggest that miR-124 acts as a tumor-suppressor and a modulator of energy metabolism through a PTB1/PKM1/PKM2 feedback cascade in human colorectal tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Taniguchi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruka Shinohara
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nami Yamada
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Otsuki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Bunji Uno
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchiyama
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Du Y, Wang Y, Zhang F, Wu W, Wang W, Li H, Xia S, Liu H. Regulation of metastasis of bladder cancer cells through the WNT signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8839-44. [PMID: 26069102 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most popular malignant urinary cancer, with the highest incidence and mortality of all genitourinary system tumors worldwide. To date, the molecular regulation of the metastasis of BC remains ill defined. Here, we examined the levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and nuclear β-catenin in the BC specimen. We used lithium chloride (LiCl) to inhibit cytosol β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation to increase nuclear β-catenin levels in BC cells. We used IWP-2 to enhance cytosol β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation to decrease nuclear β-catenin levels in BC cells. We examined MMP9 levels in these experimental settings by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and ELISA. The cell invasiveness was evaluated by Transwell cell assay. We found significantly higher levels of MMP9 and nuclear β-catenin in human BC specimen with metastasis, compared to those without metastasis. Moreover, a strong correlation was detected between MMP9 and nuclear β-catenin. LiCl significantly increased nuclear β-catenin, resulting in MMP9 activation in BC cells. IWP-2 significantly decreased nuclear β-catenin, resulting in MMP9 inhibition in BC cells. MMP9 regulated cell invasiveness. Together, these data suggest that the WNT signaling pathway regulates metastasis of BC through activation of MMP9. Therapies targeting the WNT signaling pathway may be a promising treatment for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Du
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Rd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yongchuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Weifang Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Rd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Rd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Rd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Rd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Rd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Rd, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Wnt7a is a novel inducer of β-catenin-independent tumor-suppressive cellular senescence in lung cancer. Oncogene 2015; 34:5317-28. [PMID: 25728679 PMCID: PMC4558401 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an initial barrier for carcinogenesis. However, the signaling mechanisms that trigger cellular senescence are incompletely understood, particularly in vivo. Here we identify Wnt7a as a novel upstream inducer of cellular senescence. In two different mouse strains (C57Bl/6J and FVB/NJ), we show that the loss of Wnt7a is a major contributing factor for increased lung tumorigenesis owing to reduced cellular senescence, and not reduced apoptosis, or autophagy. Wnt7a-null mice under de novo conditions and in both the strains display E-cadherin-to-N-cadherin switch, reduced expression of cellular senescence markers and reduced expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, indicating a genetic predisposition of these mice to increased carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis. Interestingly, Wnt7a induced an alternate senescence pathway, which was independent of β-catenin, and distinct from that of classical oncogene-induced senescence mediated by the well-known p16INK4a and p19ARF pathways. Mechanistically, Wnt7a induced cellular senescence via inactivation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, an important alternate regulator of cellular senescence. Additionally, we identified Iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, which initiates downstream signaling cascades similar to that of Wnt7a, as a novel inducer of cellular senescence, presenting potential future clinical translational strategies. Thus pro-senescence therapies using either Wnt7a or its mimic, Iloprost, might represent a new class of therapeutic treatments for lung cancer.
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Huang C, Chen YJ, Chen WJ, Lin CL, Wei YX, Huang HC. Combined treatment with chrysin and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose synergistically inhibits LRP6 and Skp2 activation in triple-negative breast cancer and xenografts. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1613-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine; Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi Jing Chen
- Department of Applied Science; National Hsinchu University of Education; Hsinchu Taiwan ROC
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan ROC
- Department of Medical Research; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan ROC
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan ROC
- Institute of Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan ROC
| | - Yu Xuan Wei
- Department of Applied Science; National Hsinchu University of Education; Hsinchu Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsiu Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science; National Hsinchu University of Education; Hsinchu Taiwan ROC
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Hassel JC, Amann PM, Schadendorf D, Eichmüller SB, Nagler M, Bazhin AV. Lecithin retinol acyltransferase as a potential prognostic marker for malignant melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:757-9. [PMID: 24433184 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism inside cells differs between cancer and normal cells. Because disturbance of vitamin A metabolism might be important, we investigated expression of the enzymes lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and RPE65 by immunohistochemistry in melanoma metastases and melanocytic nevi. Semiquantitative evaluation of this expression revealed downregulated expression of RPE65 in malignant melanoma compared with benign melanocytic nevi (P < 0.001). In contrast, expression of LRAT was not significantly different (P = 0.339). High LRAT expression in melanoma metastases was inversely correlated with patient survival; Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed earlier melanoma-related death (P = 0.003). Expression of LRAT might, therefore, be a prognostic marker of the clinical course of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Hassel
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Makarević J, Rutz J, Juengel E, Kaulfuss S, Reiter M, Tsaur I, Bartsch G, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Amygdalin blocks bladder cancer cell growth in vitro by diminishing cyclin A and cdk2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105590. [PMID: 25136960 PMCID: PMC4138189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdalin, a natural compound, has been used by many cancer patients as an alternative approach to treat their illness. However, whether or not this substance truly exerts an anti-tumor effect has never been settled. An in vitro study was initiated to investigate the influence of amygdalin (1.25–10 mg/ml) on the growth of a panel of bladder cancer cell lines (UMUC-3, RT112 and TCCSUP). Tumor growth, proliferation, clonal growth and cell cycle progression were investigated. The cell cycle regulating proteins cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, p19, p27 as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) related signals phosphoAkt, phosphoRaptor and phosphoRictor were examined. Amygdalin dose-dependently reduced growth and proliferation in all three bladder cancer cell lines, reflected in a significant delay in cell cycle progression and G0/G1 arrest. Molecular evaluation revealed diminished phosphoAkt, phosphoRictor and loss of Cdk and cyclin components. Since the most outstanding effects of amygdalin were observed on the cdk2-cyclin A axis, siRNA knock down studies were carried out, revealing a positive correlation between cdk2/cyclin A expression level and tumor growth. Amygdalin, therefore, may block tumor growth by down-modulating cdk2 and cyclin A. In vivo investigation must follow to assess amygdalin's practical value as an anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Makarević
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuss
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Reiter
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Tsai YS, Lai CL, Lai CH, Chang KH, Wu K, Tseng SF, Fazli L, Gleave M, Xiao G, Gandee L, Sharifi N, Moro L, Tzai TS, Hsieh JT. The role of homeostatic regulation between tumor suppressor DAB2IP and oncogenic Skp2 in prostate cancer growth. Oncotarget 2014; 5:6425-36. [PMID: 25115390 PMCID: PMC4171641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered DAB2IP gene expression often detected in prostate cancer (PCa) is due to epigenetic silencing. In this study, we unveil a new mechanism leading to the loss of DAB2IP protein; an oncogenic S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) as E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a key regulator in DAB2IP degradation. In order to unveil the role of Skp2 in the turnover of DAB2IP protein, both prostate cell lines and prostate cancer specimens with a variety of molecular and cell biologic techniques were employed. We demonstrated that DAB2IP is regulated by Skp2-mediated proteasome degradation in the prostate cell lines. Further analyses identified the N-terminal DAB2IP containing the ubiquitination site. Immunohistochemical study exhibited an inverse correlation between DAB2IP and Skp2 protein expression in the prostate cancer tissue microarray. In contrast, DAB2IP can suppressSkp2 protein expression is mediated through Akt signaling. The reciprocal regulation between DAB2IP and Skp2 can impact on the growth of PCa cells. This reciprocal regulation between DAB2IP and Skp2 protein represents a unique homeostatic balance between tumor suppressor and oncoprotein in normal prostate epithelia, which is apparently altered in cancer cells. The outcome of this study has identified new potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategy for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chen-Li Lai
- Department of Urology, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiung Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Fen Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- VancouverProstate Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- VancouverProstate Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Leah Gandee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Loredana Moro
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Bari, Italy
| | - Tzong-Shin Tzai
- Department of Urology, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wnt inhibitory factor 1 suppresses cancer stemness and induces cellular senescence. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1246. [PMID: 24853424 PMCID: PMC4047921 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the Wingless-type (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway promotes tumor initiation, tumor growth and metastasis in various tissues. Although there is evidence for the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in salivary gland tumors, the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here we report for the first time that downregulation of the Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) is a widespread event in salivary gland carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CaExPA). We also show that WIF1 downregulation occurs in the CaExPA precursor lesion pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and indicates a higher risk of progression from benign to malignant tumor. Our results demonstrate that diverse mechanisms including WIF1 promoter hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity contribute to WIF1 downregulation in human salivary gland tumors. In accordance with a crucial role in suppressing salivary gland tumor progression, WIF1 re-expression in salivary gland tumor cells inhibited cell proliferation, induced more differentiated phenotype and promoted cellular senescence, possibly through upregulation of tumor-suppressor genes, such as p53 and p21. Most importantly, WIF1 significantly diminished the number of salivary gland cancer stem cells and the anchorage-independent cell growth. Consistent with this observation, WIF1 caused a reduction in the expression of pluripotency and stemness markers (OCT4 and c-MYC), as well as adult stem cell self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation markers, such as WNT3A, TCF4, c-KIT and MYB. Furthermore, WIF1 significantly increased the expression of microRNAs pri-let-7a and pri-miR-200c, negative regulators of stemness and cancer progression. In addition, we show that WIF1 functions as a positive regulator of miR-200c, leading to downregulation of BMI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2, with a consequent increase in downstream targets such as E-cadherin. Our study emphasizes the prognostic and therapeutic potential of WIF1 in human salivary gland CaExPA. Moreover, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which WIF1 regulates cancer stemness and senescence, which might have major implications in the field of cancer biology.
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Georgopoulos NT, Kirkwood LA, Southgate J. A novel bidirectional positive-feedback loop between Wnt-β-catenin and EGFR-ERK plays a role in context-specific modulation of epithelial tissue regeneration. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2967-82. [PMID: 24816560 PMCID: PMC4077591 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.150888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
By operating as both a subunit of the cadherin complex and a key component of Wnt signalling, β-catenin acts as the lynchpin between cell–cell contact and transcriptional regulation of proliferation, coordinating epithelial tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The integration of multiple growth-regulatory inputs with β-catenin signalling has been observed in cancer-derived cells, yet the existence of pathway crosstalk in normal cells is unknown. Using a highly regenerative normal human epithelial culture system that displays contact inhibition, we demonstrate that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-driven MAPK and Wnt–β-catenin signalling axes form a bidirectional positive-feedback loop to drive cellular proliferation. We show that β-catenin both drives and is regulated by proliferative signalling cues, and its downregulation coincides with the switch from proliferation to contact-inhibited quiescence. We reveal a novel contextual interrelationship whereby positive and negative feedback between three major signalling pathways – EGFR–ERK, PI3K–AKT and Wnt–β-catenin – enable autocrine-regulated tissue homeostasis as an emergent property of physical interactions between cells. Our work has direct implications for normal epithelial tissue homeostasis and provides insight as to how dysregulation of these pathways could drive excessive and sustained cellular growth in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos T Georgopoulos
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Lisa A Kirkwood
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Varol N, Konac E, Onen IH, Gurocak S, Alp E, Yilmaz A, Menevse S, Sozen S. The epigenetically regulated effects of Wnt antagonists on the expression of genes in the apoptosis pathway in human bladder cancer cell line (T24). DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:408-17. [PMID: 24665856 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic suppression of Wnt antagonists (sFRPs, DKKs, and WIF-1) causes the activation of both β-catenin and target genes, which play an important role in cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This study is aimed to investigate, on transcriptional and protein levels, the synergic effects of unaccompanied and/or combined use of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC, 5-aza-dC), trichostatin A (TSA), and gemcitabine+cisplatin chemotherapeutic agents on the apoptotic pathway of human bladder cancer cell line T24. The anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine (0-500 nM), cisplatin (0-10 μM), DAC (10 μM), and TSA (300 nM) alone and/or together on T24 cells were determined by WST-1. ELISA method was used to analyze the effects of unaccompanied and combined use of gemcitabine+cisplatin, DAC, and TSA on cell proliferation and determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic dosages at the level of H3 histone acetylation. Methylation-specific PCR was used to evaluate methylation profiles of Wnt antagonist gene (WIF-1). In the case of unaccompanied and/or combined use of specified drugs, the variations in the expression levels of CTNNB1, GSK3β, c-MYC, CCND1, CASP-3, CASP-8, CASP-9, BCL2L1, and WIF-1 genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results indicate that through inhibition of DNA methylation, expression of β-catenin and Wnt antagonist re-activation and expressions of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes, c-myc and cyclin D1 (CCND1), have decreased. In addition, DAC, TSA, and gemcitabine+cisplatin combination caused an increase in GSK3β mRNA levels, which in turn significantly decreased CCND1 mRNA levels. Moreover, BCL2L1, an anti-apoptotic gene, was downregulated significantly. Meanwhile, both CASP-3 mRNA and active caspase-3 protein levels increased with respect to control (p<0.01). The results revealed that use of quadruplicate gemcitabine+cisplatin+DAC+TSA combination led to a reduced inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reduced cell proliferation. Our findings may offer a new approach to consider in the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Varol
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Inhibition of canonical WNT signaling attenuates human leiomyoma cell growth. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1441-9. [PMID: 24534281 PMCID: PMC4008647 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of three WNT/β-catenin pathway inhibitors—inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF4 (ICAT), niclosamide, and XAV939—on the proliferation of primary cultures of human uterine leiomyoma cells. Design Prospective study of human leiomyoma cells obtained from myomectomy or hysterectomy. Setting University research laboratory. Patient(s) Women (n = 38) aged 27–53 years undergoing surgery. Intervention(s) Adenoviral ICAT overexpression or treatment with varying concentrations of niclosamide or XAV939. Main Outcome Measure(s) Cell proliferation, cell death, WNT/-catenin target gene expression or reporter gene regulation, β-catenin levels, and cellular localization. Result(s) Inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF4, niclosamide, or XAV939 inhibit WNT/β-catenin pathway activation and exert antiproliferative effects in primary cultures of human leiomyoma cells. Conclusion(s) Three WNT/-catenin pathway inhibitors specifically block human leiomyoma growth and proliferation, suggesting that the canonical WNT pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma. Our findings provide rationale for further preclinical and clinical evaluation of ICAT, niclosamide, and XAV939 as candidate antitumor agents for uterine leiomyoma.
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Lu D, Dong W, Zhang X, Quan X, Bao D, Lu Y, Zhang L. WIF1 causes dysfunction of heart in transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:1179-89. [PMID: 23921644 PMCID: PMC3835953 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wnt activity is a key regulator of cardiac progenitor cell self-renewal, differentiation and morphogenesis. However, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), a antagonists of Wnt signaling activity, its potential effects on heart development has not yet been approached by either in vivo or in vitro studies. Here, the expression of WIF1 was regulated in a different way in the dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heart from transgenic mice by mutations in cardiac troponin T, cTnT(R141W) and cTnT(R92Q). The heart tissue specific transgenic mice of WIF1 was studied using M-mode echocardiography and histologic analyses. Production levels of an array of effectors and transcription factors that impact cellular organization and tissue morphology were measured. The effects of WIF1 on β-catenin pathway could be reversed by LiCl regarding signaling pathways and effector and respondent molecules in H9c2 cells, consistent with the expression levels of c-myc, natriuretic peptide precursor type B and skeletal muscle actin α1. Among the most noteworthy findings were that WIF1 impaired the function and structure of heart, and the effects on β-catenin pathway maybe the course of the former. It is anticipated that our findings will contribute to expansion of our understanding of WIF1 biological function on heart development and possible modes of treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongzhi Quan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Building 5, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 People’s Republic of China
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