1
|
Cao GZ, Ma LY, Zhang ZH, Wang XL, Hua JH, Zhang JH, Lv Y, Zhang SB, Ou J, Lin WC. Darinaparsin (ZIO-101) enhances the sensitivity of small-cell lung cancer to PARP inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:841-852. [PMID: 36253561 PMCID: PMC10042828 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung associated with early metastasis and an exceptionally poor prognosis. Little progress has been made in developing efficacious targeted therapy for this recalcitrant disease. Herein, we showed that H3.3, encoded by two genes (H3F3A and H3F3B), was prominently overexpressed in SCLC. Darinaparsin (ZIO-101), a derivative of arsenic trioxide, dose- and time-dependently inhibited the viability of SCLC cells in an H3.3-dependent manner. More importantly, ZIO-101 treatment resulted in substantial accumulation of H3.3 and PARP1 besides induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SCLC cells. Through integrative analysis of the RNA-seq data from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia dataset, JNCI and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer 2 datasets, we found that H3F3A expression was negatively correlated with the IC50 values of PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Furthermore, co-targeting H3.3 and PARP1 by ZIO-101 and BMN673/olaparib achieved synergistic growth inhibition against SCLC in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, it is feasible to target H3.3 by ZIO-101 to potentiate the response rate of PARPi in SCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhen Cao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zong-Hui Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jing-Han Hua
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yang Lv
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Shao-Bo Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jian Ou
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Wen-Chu Lin
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan B, Kikuchi H, Li J, Kawabata A, Yao K, Takagi N, Okazaki M. Cytotoxic Effects of Darinaparsin, a Novel Organic Arsenical, against Human Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032282. [PMID: 36768603 PMCID: PMC9916914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the molecular mechanisms of action underlying the antileukemia activities of darinaparsin, an organic arsenical approved for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in Japan, cytotoxicity of darinaparsin was evaluated in leukemia cell lines NB4, U-937, MOLT-4 and HL-60. Darinaparsin was a more potent cytotoxic than sodium arsenite, and induced apoptosis/necrosis in NB4 and HL-60 cells. In NB4 cells exhibiting the highest susceptibility to darinaparsin, apoptosis induction was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8/-9/-3, a substantial decrease in Bid expression, and was suppressed by Boc-D-FMK, a pancaspase inhibitor, suggesting that darinaparsin triggered a convergence of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis via Bid truncation. A dramatic increase in the expression level of γH2AX, a DNA damage marker, occurred in parallel with G2/M arrest. Activation of p53 and the inhibition of cdc25C/cyclin B1/cdc2 were concomitantly observed in treated cells. Downregulation of c-Myc, along with inactivation of E2F1 associated with the activation of Rb, was observed, suggesting the critical roles of p53 and c-Myc in darinaparsin-mediated G2/M arrest. Trolox, an antioxidative reagent, suppressed the apoptosis induction but failed to correct G2/M arrest, suggesting that oxidative stress primarily contributed to apoptosis induction. Suppression of Notch1 signaling was also confirmed. Our findings provide novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of darinaparsin and strong rationale for its new clinical application for patients with different types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-49-271-8026
| | - Hidetomo Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - Jingmei Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kozo Yao
- Product Development Division, Solasia Pharma K.K., Tokyo 105-0011, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mari Okazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Darinaparsin: First Approval. Drugs 2022; 82:1603-1609. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Association between Arsenic Level, Gene Expression in Asian Population, and In Vitro Carcinogenic Bladder Tumor. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3459855. [PMID: 35039759 PMCID: PMC8760535 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3459855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The IARC classified arsenic (As) as "carcinogenic to humans." Despite the health consequences of arsenic exposure, there is no molecular signature available yet that can predict when exposure may lead to the development of disease. To understand the molecular processes underlying arsenic exposure and the risk of disease development, this study investigated the functional relationship between high arsenic exposure and disease risk using gene expression derived from human exposure. In this study, a three step analysis was employed: (1) the gene expression profiles obtained from two diverse arsenic-exposed Asian populations were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes associated with arsenic exposure in human subjects, (2) the gene expression profiles induced by arsenic exposure in four different myeloma cancer cell lines were used to define common genes and pathways altered by arsenic exposure, and (3) the genetic profiles of two publicly available human bladder cancer studies were used to test the significance of the common association of genes, identified in step 1 and step 2, to develop and validate a predictive model of primary bladder cancer risk associated with arsenic exposure. Our analysis shows that arsenic exposure to humans is mainly associated with organismal injury and abnormalities, immunological disease, inflammatory disease, gastrointestinal disease, and increased rates of a wide variety of cancers. In addition, arsenic exerts its toxicity by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing ROS production causing the imbalance that leads to cell and tissue damage (oxidative stress). Oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways leading to transformation of a normal cell to tumor cell specifically; there is significant evidence of the advancing changes in oxidative/nitrative stress during the progression of bladder cancer. Therefore, we examined the relation of differentially expressed genes due to exposure of arsenic in human and bladder cancer and developed a bladder cancer risk prediction model. In this study, integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was one of the most significant pathways identified between both arsenic exposed population which plays a key role in eliciting a protective response to oxidative damage in epidermal cells. On the other hand, several studies showed that arsenic trioxide (ATO) is useful for anticancer therapy although the mechanisms underlying its paradoxical effects are still not well understood. ATO has shown remarkable efficacy for the treatment of multiple myeloma; therefore, it will be helpful to understand the underlying cancer biology by which ATO exerts its inhibitory effect on the myeloma cells. Our study found that MAPK is one of the most active network between arsenic gene and ATO cell line which is involved in indicative of oxidative/nitrosative damage and well associated with the development of bladder cancer. The study identified a unique set of 147 genes associated with arsenic exposure and linked to molecular mechanisms of cancer. The risk prediction model shows the highest prediction ability for recurrent bladder tumors based on a very small subset (NKIRAS2, AKTIP, and HLA-DQA1) of the 147 genes resulting in AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.744-0.995) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.343-0.933) on training and validation data, respectively.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitochondrial Toxicity of Organic Arsenicals. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:173-184. [PMID: 35771442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is either notorious toxicant or miracle cure for acute promyelocytic leukemia and several other diseases. It interacts with mitochondria directly or indirectly, by interacting with mitochondrial enzymes, such as respiratory chain complexes and tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins, or affecting mitochondrial homeostasis via ROS or mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Given the ubiquitous presence of mitochondria and indispensable role in cellular metabolism, arsenical-mitochondrial interactions may manifest clinical importance by revealing mechanism of disease curation, preventing severe side effects, and foreseeing potential health issues. Here, we described the interaction between isolated mitochondria and arsenicals.
Collapse
|
6
|
Advances in glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:370-388. [PMID: 34837604 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling pathway regulates self-renewal of rare and highly malignant cancer stem cells, which have been shown to account for the initiation and maintenance of tumor growth as well as for drug resistance, metastatic spread and relapse. As an important component of the Hh signaling pathway, glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) acts as a key signal transmission hub for various signaling pathways in many tumors. Here, we review direct and indirect inhibitors of GLI; summarize the abundant active structurally diverse natural GLI inhibitors; and discuss how to better develop and utilize GLI inhibitors to solve the problem of drug resistance in tumors of interest. In summary, GLI inhibitors will be promising candidates for various cancer treatments.
Collapse
|
7
|
Valente A, Podolski-Renić A, Poetsch I, Filipović N, López Ó, Turel I, Heffeter P. Metal- and metalloid-based compounds to target and reverse cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100778. [PMID: 34403910 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains the major cause of cancer treatment failure especially at the late stage of the disease. However, based on their versatile chemistry, metal and metalloid compounds offer the possibility to design fine-tuned drugs to circumvent and even specifically target drug-resistant cancer cells. Based on the paramount importance of platinum drugs in the clinics, two main areas of drug resistance reversal strategies exist: overcoming resistance to platinum drugs as well as multidrug resistance based on ABC efflux pumps. The current review provides an overview of both aspects of drug design and discusses the open questions in the field. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Altered expression of proteins involved in metal uptake, efflux or intracellular distribution, 2) Enhanced drug efflux via ABC transporters, 3) Altered metabolism in drug-resistant cancer cells, 4) Altered thiol or redox homeostasis, 5) Altered DNA damage recognition and enhanced DNA damage repair, 6) Impaired induction of apoptosis and 7) Altered interaction with the immune system. This review represents the first collection of metal (including platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and copper) and metalloid drugs (e.g. arsenic and selenium) which demonstrated drug resistance reversal activity. A special focus is on compounds characterized by collateral sensitivity of ABC transporter-overexpressing cancer cells. Through this approach, we wish to draw the attention to open research questions in the field. Future investigations are warranted to obtain more insights into the mechanisms of action of the most potent compounds which target specific modalities of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cosialls AM, Sánchez-Vera I, Pomares H, Perramon-Andújar J, Sanchez-Esteban S, Palmeri CM, Iglesias-Serret D, Saura-Esteller J, Núñez-Vázquez S, Lavilla R, González-Barca EM, Pons G, Gil J. The BCL-2 family members NOXA and BIM mediate fluorizoline-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114198. [PMID: 32798467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorizoline is a new synthetic molecule that induces apoptosis by selectively targeting prohibitins. In this study, we have assessed the pro-apoptotic effect of fluorizoline in 3 different multiple myeloma cell lines and 12 primary samples obtained from treatment-naïve multiple myeloma patients. Fluorizoline induced apoptosis in both multiple myeloma cell lines and primary samples at concentrations in the low micromolar range. All primary samples were sensitive to fluorizoline. Moreover, fluorizoline increased the mRNA and protein levels of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member NOXA both in cell lines and primary samples analyzed. Finally, NOXA-depletion by CRISPR/Cas9 in cells that do not express BIM conferred resistance to fluorizoline-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. These results suggest that targeting prohibitins could be a new therapeutic strategy for myeloma multiple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cosialls
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Vera
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Pomares
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Hematologia Clínica, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Oncobell-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Perramon-Andújar
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Esteban
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia M Palmeri
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Iglesias-Serret
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic- UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Saura-Esteller
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Núñez-Vázquez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Medicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva M González-Barca
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Oncobell-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Pons
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell-IDIBELL (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iuchi K, Tasaki Y, Shirai S, Hisatomi H. Upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein level in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 by a heterocyclic organobismuth(III) compound: Effect of organobismuth(III) compound on NRF2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109928. [PMID: 32004978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of metal-based compounds, including arsenic trioxide, auranofin, and cisplatin, have been reported to have antitumor activity. Their beneficial effects are controlled by a transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). In response to oxidative stress, NRF2 induces the expression of cytoprotective genes. NRF2 protein levels are regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) via ubiquitination. Bi-chlorodibenzo[c,f][1,5]thiabismocine (compound 3), a bismuth compound, is known for its potent anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the effect of compound 3 on NRF2 signaling in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 in terms of cell viability as well as mRNA and protein expression levels of NRF2. Compound 3 upregulated NRF2 protein levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, accompanied by a marked increase in heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA and protein levels. We observed that brusatol, an NRF2 inhibitor, as well as small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NRF2 in DLD-1 cells suppressed compound 3-induced HO-1 expression. The anticancer activity of compound 3 was enhanced by compounds that downregulate NRF2. These results suggest that compound 3 upregulates HO-1 via NRF2 activation and that the NRF2-HO-1 pathway is the cellular response to compound 3. We also discovered that compound 3 slightly downregulated KEAP1; thus, NRF2 activation may be associated with KEAP1 modification. Collectively, our results indicate that compound 3 simultaneously activates an anti-oxidative stress pathway, such as NRF2 and HO-1, and a pro-cell death signal in DLD-1 cells. Our findings may provide useful information for the development of a potent anticancer organobismuth(III) compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
| | - Yuji Tasaki
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Sayo Shirai
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hisatomi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bae H, Tsuchiya J, Okamoto T, Ito I, Sonehara Y, Nagahama F, Kubota K, Tateishi U. Standardization of [F-18]FDG PET/CT for response evaluation by the Radiologic Society of North America-Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (RSNA-QIBA) profile: preliminary results from the Japan-QIBA (J-QIBA) activities for Asian international multicenter phase II trial. Jpn J Radiol 2018; 36:686-690. [PMID: 30251115 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-018-0780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In an Asian international multicenter phase II trial conducted in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), [F-18]FDG-PET/CT was used for evaluation of the therapeutic response. Standardization of the PET/CT scanners was necessary before patient enrollment. We therefore standardized the scanners by phantom tests based on the profile approved by the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) of Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The tests were conducted on 12 scanners in 12 facilities in compliance with the QIBA Profile and used National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) body phantoms. We measured three parameters (standardized uptake value [SUV], resolution and noise) and adjusted the imaging parameter values. The indexes recommended in the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine (JSNM) guideline were also evaluated. RESULTS In a total of 12 facilities, 6 facilities required no change in imaging conditions and 6 facilities required changes in imaging parameters. After revision, the three measurements (SUV, resolution and noise) met QIBA criteria at all sites, but 10 of the 12 scanners did not meet JSNM criteria. CONCLUSION We standardized imaging conditions using phantoms as required in the RSNA-QIBA profile for response evaluation by [F-18]FDG PET/CT images in a multicenter study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeol Bae
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ikuko Ito
- Imaging Service Department, MICRON Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazunori Kubota
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ukihide Tateishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Japan-Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (J-QIBA), Japan Radiologic Society, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou Y, Wang H, Tse E, Li H, Sun H. Cell Cycle-Dependent Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Arsenic-Based Drugs in Single Leukemia Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10465-10471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Eric Tse
- Department of Medcine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minatel BC, Sage AP, Anderson C, Hubaux R, Marshall EA, Lam WL, Martinez VD. Environmental arsenic exposure: From genetic susceptibility to pathogenesis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 112:183-197. [PMID: 29275244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 200 million people in 70 countries are exposed to arsenic through drinking water. Chronic exposure to this metalloid has been associated with the onset of many diseases, including cancer. Epidemiological evidence supports its carcinogenic potential, however, detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Despite the global magnitude of this problem, not all individuals face the same risk. Susceptibility to the toxic effects of arsenic is influenced by alterations in genes involved in arsenic metabolism, as well as biological factors, such as age, gender and nutrition. Moreover, chronic arsenic exposure results in several genotoxic and epigenetic alterations tightly associated with the arsenic biotransformation process, resulting in an increased cancer risk. In this review, we: 1) review the roles of inter-individual DNA-level variations influencing the susceptibility to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis; 2) discuss the contribution of arsenic biotransformation to cancer initiation; 3) provide insights into emerging research areas and the challenges in the field; and 4) compile a resource of publicly available arsenic-related DNA-level variations, transcriptome and methylation data. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of arsenic exposure and its subsequent health effects will support efforts to reduce the worldwide health burden and encourage the development of strategies for managing arsenic-related diseases in the era of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda C Minatel
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam P Sage
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Anderson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roland Hubaux
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victor D Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dawood M, Hamdoun S, Efferth T. Multifactorial Modes of Action of Arsenic Trioxide in Cancer Cells as Analyzed by Classical and Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:143. [PMID: 29535630 PMCID: PMC5835320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide is a traditional remedy in Chinese Medicine since ages. Nowadays, it is clinically used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by targeting PML/RARA. However, the drug's activity is broader and the mechanisms of action in other tumor types remain unclear. In this study, we investigated molecular modes of action by classical and network pharmacological approaches. CEM/ADR5000 resistance leukemic cells were similar sensitive to As2O3 as their wild-type counterpart CCRF-CEM (resistance ratio: 1.88). Drug-resistant U87.MG ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells harboring mutated epidermal growth factor receptor were even more sensitive (collateral sensitive) than wild-type U87.MG cells (resistance ratio: 0.33). HCT-116 colon carcinoma p53-/- knockout cells were 7.16-fold resistant toward As2O3 compared to wild-type cells. Forty genes determining cellular responsiveness to As2O3 were identified by microarray and COMPARE analyses in 58 cell lines of the NCI panel. Hierarchical cluster analysis-based heat mapping revealed significant differences between As2O3 sensitive cell lines and resistant cell lines with p-value: 1.86 × 10-5. The genes were subjected to Galaxy Cistrome gene promoter transcription factor analysis to predict the binding of transcription factors. We have exemplarily chosen NF-kB and AP-1, and indeed As2O3 dose-dependently inhibited the promoter activity of these two transcription factors in reporter cell lines. Furthermore, the genes identified here and those published in the literature were assembled and subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for comprehensive network pharmacological approaches that included all known factors of resistance of tumor cells to As2O3. In addition to pathways related to the anticancer effects of As2O3, several neurological pathways were identified. As arsenic is well-known to exert neurotoxicity, these pathways might account for neurological side effects. In conclusion, the activity of As2O3 is not restricted to acute promyelocytic leukemia. In addition to PML/RARA, numerous other genes belonging to diverse functional classes may also contribute to its cytotoxicity. Network pharmacology is suited to unravel the multifactorial modes of action of As2O3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khairul I, Wang QQ, Jiang YH, Wang C, Naranmandura H. Metabolism, toxicity and anticancer activities of arsenic compounds. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23905-23926. [PMID: 28108741 PMCID: PMC5410354 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of studies indicated that inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites have paradoxical effects, namely, carcinogenic and anticancer effects. Epidemiological studies have shown that long term exposure to arsenic can increase the risk of cancers of lung, skin or bladder in man, which is probably associated with the arsenic metabolism. In fact, the enzymatic conversion of inorganic arsenic by Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) to mono- and dimethylated arsenic species has long been considered as a major route for detoxification. However, several studies have also indicated that biomethylation of inorganic arsenic, particularly the production of trivalent methylated metabolites, is a process that activates arsenic as a toxin and a carcinogen. On the other hand, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has recently been recognized as one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of APL. However, elaboration of the cytotoxic mechanisms of arsenic and its methylated metabolites in eradicating cancer is sorely lacking. To provide a deeper understanding of the toxicity and carcinogenicity along with them use of arsenic in chemotherapy, caution is required considering the poor understanding of its various mechanisms of exerting toxicity. Thereby, in this review, we have focused on arsenic metabolic pathway, the roles of the methylated arsenic metabolites in toxicity and in the therapeutic efficacy for the treatments of solid tumors, APL and/or non-APL malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Khairul
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun Y, Liu G, Cai Y. Thiolated arsenicals in arsenic metabolism: Occurrence, formation, and biological implications. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:59-73. [PMID: 28007180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a notoriously toxic pollutant of health concern worldwide with potential risk of cancer induction, but meanwhile it is used as medicines for the treatment of different conditions including hematological cancers. Arsenic can undergo extensive metabolism in biological systems, and both toxicological and therapeutic effects of arsenic compounds are closely related to their metabolism. Recent studies have identified methylated thioarsenicals as a new class of arsenic metabolites in biological systems after exposure of inorganic and organic arsenicals, including arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAIIIGS), and arsenosugars. The increasing detection of thiolated arsenicals, including monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTAV), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and its glutathione conjugate (DMMTAVGS), and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV) suggests that thioarsenicals may be important metabolites and play important roles in arsenic toxicity and therapeutic effects. Here we summarized the reported occurrence of thioarsenicals in biological systems, the possible formation pathways of thioarsenicals, and their toxicity, and discussed the biological implications of thioarsenicals on arsenic metabolism, toxicity, and therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Sun
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry&Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cullen WR, Liu Q, Lu X, McKnight-Whitford A, Peng H, Popowich A, Yan X, Zhang Q, Fricke M, Sun H, Le XC. Methylated and thiolated arsenic species for environmental and health research - A review on synthesis and characterization. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:7-27. [PMID: 28007181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of people around the world are exposed to elevated concentrations of inorganic and organic arsenic compounds, increasing the risk of a wide range of health effects. Studies of the environmental fate and human health effects of arsenic require authentic arsenic compounds. We summarize here the synthesis and characterization of more than a dozen methylated and thiolated arsenic compounds that are not commercially available. We discuss the methods of synthesis for the following 14 trivalent (III) and pentavalent (V) arsenic compounds: monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII), dicysteinylmethyldithioarsenite (MMAIII(Cys)2), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV), monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTAV) or monothio-MMAV, monomethyldithioarsonic acid (MMDTAV) or dithio-MMAV, monomethyltrithioarsonate (MMTTAV) or trithio-MMAV, dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), dimethylarsino-glutathione (DMAIII(SG)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) or monothio-DMAV, dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV) or dithio-DMAV, trimethylarsine oxide (TMAOV), arsenobetaine (AsB), and an arsenicin-A model compound. We have reviewed and compared the available methods, synthesized the arsenic compounds in our laboratories, and provided characterization information. On the basis of reaction yield, ease of synthesis and purification of product, safety considerations, and our experience, we recommend a method for the synthesis of each of these arsenic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xiufen Lu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | | | - Hanyong Peng
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Popowich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Michael Fricke
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hongsui Sun
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stice S, Liu G, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Determination of multiple human arsenic metabolites employing high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1009-1010:55-65. [PMID: 26708625 PMCID: PMC4748725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During the metabolism of different arsenic-containing compounds in human, a variety of metabolites are produced with significantly varying toxicities. Currently available analytical methods can only detect a limited number of human metabolites in biological samples during one run due to their diverse characteristics. In addition, co-elution of species is often unnoticeable with most detection techniques leading to inaccurate metabolic profiles and assessment of toxicity. A high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method was developed that can identify thirteen common arsenic metabolites possibly present in human with special attention dedicated to thiolated or thiol conjugated arsenicals. The thirteen species included in this study are arsenite (As(III)), arsino-glutathione (As(GS)3), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), monomethylarsino-glutathione (MMA(III)(GS) 2), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III) (from DMA(III)I)), S-(dimethylarsinic)cysteine (DMA(III) (Cys)), dimethylarsino-glutathione (DMA(III)(GS)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTA(V)), dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTA(V)), dimethylarsinothioyl glutathione (DMMTA(V)(GS)). The developed method was applied for the analysis of cancer cells that were incubated with darinaparsin (DMA(III)(GS)), a novel chemotherapeutic agent for refractory malignancies, and the arsenic metabolic profile obtained was compared to results using a previously developed method. This method provides a useful analytical tool which is much needed in unequivocally identifying the arsenicals formed during the metabolism of environmental arsenic exposure or therapeutic arsenic administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Stice
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, FL International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, FL International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Shannon Matulis
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, FL International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, United States; Southeast Environmental Research Center, FL International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Duan X, Dong D, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao L, Nie H, Sun G, Li B. Hepatic and Nephric NRF2 Pathway Up-Regulation, an Early Antioxidant Response, in Acute Arsenic-Exposed Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12628-42. [PMID: 26473898 PMCID: PMC4626990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs), a proven human carcinogen, damages biological systems through multiple mechanisms, one of them being reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NRF2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that positively regulates the genes of encoding antioxidant and detoxification enzymes to neutralize ROS. Although NRF2 pathway activation by iAs has been reported in various cell types, however, the experimental data in vivo are very limited and not fully elucidated in humans. The present investigation aimed to explore the hepatic and nephric NRF2 pathway upregulation in acute arsenic-exposed mice in vivo. Our results showed 10 mg/kg NaAsO2 elevated the NRF2 protein and increased the transcription of Nrf2 mRNA, as well as up-regulated NRF2 downstream targets HO-1, GST and GCLC time- and dose-dependently both in the liver and kidney. Acute NaAsO2 exposure also resulted in obvious imbalance of oxidative redox status represented by the increase of GSH and MDA, and the decrease of T-AOC. The present investigation reveals that hepatic and nephric NRF2 pathway expression is an early antioxidant defensive response upon iAs exposure. A better knowledge about the NRF2 pathway involvment in the cellular response against arsenic could help improve the strategies for reducing the cellular toxicity related to this metalloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
- Cao County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heze 274400, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Huifang Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Guifan Sun
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bansal N, Farley NJ, Wu L, Lewis J, Youssoufian H, Bertino JR. Darinaparsin inhibits prostate tumor-initiating cells and Du145 xenografts and is an inhibitor of hedgehog signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:23-30. [PMID: 25381261 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. A major cause of drug resistance in prostate and other epithelial tumors may be due to the presence of a fraction of tumor cells that retain the ability to initiate tumors and hence are termed tumor-initiating cells (TIC) or cancer stem cells. Here, we report that darinaparsin, an organic derivative of arsenic trioxide, is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cell lines as well as fresh prostate cancer cells from patients at low micromolar concentrations, and importantly inhibits the TIC subpopulations. It also inhibits growth of the castrate-resistant Du145 prostate tumor propagated as xenograft in mice and inhibits the tumor-initiating potential of prostate cancer cells. Although the mechanism by which darinaparsin acts is not completely known, we show that it kills prostate cancer cells by blocking cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and inhibits Hedgehog signaling by downregulating Gli-2 transcriptional activity. These data provide a rationale for evaluating darinaparsin in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Bansal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | - Lisa Wu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Joseph R Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ravi D, Bhalla S, Gartenhaus RB, Crombie J, Kandela I, Sharma J, Mazar A, Evens AM. The novel organic arsenical darinaparsin induces MAPK-mediated and SHP1-dependent cell death in T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma cells and human xenograft models. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6023-33. [PMID: 25316819 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Darinaparsin (Zio-101) is a novel organic arsenical compound with encouraging clinical activity in relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL); however, little is known about its mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TCL cell lines (Jurkat, Hut78, and HH) and HL cell lines (L428, L540, and L1236) were examined for in vitro cell death by MTT assay and Annexin V-based flow cytometry. Jurkat and L540-derived xenografts in SCID mice were examined for in vivo tumor inhibition and survival. Biologic effects of darinaparsin on the MAPK pathway were investigated using pharmacologic inhibitors, RNAi and transient transfection for overexpression for SHP1 and MEK. RESULTS Darinaparsin treatment resulted in time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis in all TCL and HL cell lines. In addition, darinaparsin had more rapid, higher, and sustained intracellular arsenic levels compared with arsenic trioxide via mass spectrometry. In vivo experiments with Jurkat (TCL) and L540 (HL)-derived lymphoma xenografts showed significant inhibition of tumor growth and improved survival in darinaparsin-treated SCID mice. Biologically, darinaparsin caused phosphorylation of ERK (and relevant downstream substrates) primarily by decreasing the inhibitory SHP1 phosphatase and coimmunoprecipitation showed significant ERK/SHP1 interaction. Furthermore, ERK shRNA knockdown or constitutive overexpression of SHP1 resulted in increased apoptosis, whereas cotreatment with pharmacologic MEK inhibitors resulted in synergistic cell death. Conversely, SHP1 blockade (via pharmacologic inhibition or RNAi) and MEK constitutive activation decreased darinaparsin-related cell death. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data show that darinaparsin is highly active in HL and TCL and its activity is dependent primarily on MAPK mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Savita Bhalla
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald B Gartenhaus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Irawati Kandela
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jaya Sharma
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Mazar
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramsay EE, Dilda PJ. Glutathione S-conjugates as prodrugs to target drug-resistant tumors. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:181. [PMID: 25157234 PMCID: PMC4127970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are continuously exposed to xenobiotics. The major phase of enzymatic detoxification in many species is the conjugation of activated xenobiotics to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST). It has been reported that some compounds, once transformed into glutathione S-conjugates, enter the mercapturic acid pathway whose end products are highly reactive and toxic for the cell responsible for their production. The cytotoxicity of these GSH conjugates depends essentially on GST and gamma-glutamyl transferases (γGT), the enzymes which initiate the mercapturic acid synthesis pathway. Numerous studies support the view that the expression of GST and γGT in cancer cells represents an important factor in the appearance of a more aggressive and resistant phenotype. High levels of tumor GST and γGT expression were employed to selectively target tumor with GST- or γGT-activated drugs. This strategy, explored over the last two decades, has recently been successful using GST-activated nitrogen mustard (TLK286) and γGT-activated arsenic-based (GSAO and Darinaparsin) prodrugs confirming the potential of GSH-conjugates as anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Ramsay
- Tumour Metabolism Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierre J Dilda
- Tumour Metabolism Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yehiayan L, Stice S, Liu G, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Dimethylarsinothioyl glutathione as a metabolite in human multiple myeloma cell lines upon exposure to Darinaparsin. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:754-64. [PMID: 24624948 PMCID: PMC4027956 DOI: 10.1021/tx400386c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we report the identification
of dimethylarsinothioyl glutathione
(DMMTAV(GS)) as a metabolite in cellular extracts of dimethyarsinous
glutathione (Darinaparsin, DMAIII(GS)) treated human multiple
myeloma (MM) cell lines. Co-elution of sulfur and arsenic on the inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) indicated the presence of
sulfur along with arsenic in the newly observed unidentified molecule
on the speciation chromatograms of cell lines treated with DMAIII(GS). Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass
spectrometry of the unknown peak in the MS and tandem MS modes revealed
molecular ion peaks at m/z = 443.9
and 466.0, corresponding to [DMMTAV(GS) + H]+ and [DMMTAV(GS) + Na]+, as well as peaks at
314.8 for the loss of glutamic acid and 231.1 for the loss of glycine.
In addition, peaks were observed at 176.9 corresponding to cysteine
and glycine adducts and at 137.1 for the [C2H6AsS]+ ion. An increase in the peak area of the unidentified
peak was observed upon spiking the cell extracts with a standard of
DMMTAV(GS). Heat deactivation of MM cells prevented the
formation of DMMTAV(GS) raising the possibility of its
formation via an enzymatic reaction. Formation studies in DMAIII(GS) treated MM cells revealed the dependence of DMMTAV(GS) formation on the depletion of DMAIII(GS).
The presence of 5 mM glutathione prevented its formation, indicating
that DMAIII, a dissociation product of DMAIII(GS), is likely a precursor for the formation of DMMTAV(GS). DMMTAV(GS) was observed to form under acidic and
neutral pH conditions (pH 3.0–7.4). In addition, DMMTAV(GS) was found to be stable in cell extracts at both acidic
and neutral pH conditions. When assessing the toxicity by exposing
multiple myeloma cells to arsenicals externally, DMMTAV(GS) was found to be much less toxic than DMAIII(GS) and
DMMTAV, potentially due to its limited uptake in the cells
(10 and 16% of the uptakes of DMAIII(GS) and DMMTAV, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Yehiayan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University , 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Garnier N, Redstone GGJ, Dahabieh MS, Nichol JN, del Rincon SV, Gu Y, Bohle DS, Sun Y, Conklin DS, Mann KK, Miller WH. The novel arsenical darinaparsin is transported by cystine importing systems. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:576-85. [PMID: 24431147 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Darinaparsin (Dar; ZIO-101; S-dimethylarsino-glutathione) is a promising novel organic arsenical currently undergoing clinical studies in various malignancies. Dar consists of dimethylarsenic conjugated to glutathione (GSH). Dar induces more intracellular arsenic accumulation and more cell death than the FDA-approved arsenic trioxide (ATO) in vitro, but exhibits less systemic toxicity. Here, we propose a mechanism for Dar import that might explain these characteristics. Structural analysis of Dar suggests a putative breakdown product: dimethylarsino-cysteine (DMAC). We show that DMAC is very similar to Dar in terms of intracellular accumulation of arsenic, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. We found that inhibition of γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT) protects human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (NB4) from Dar, but not from DMAC, suggesting a role for γ-GT in the processing of Dar. Overall, our data support a model where Dar, a GSH S-conjugate, is processed at the cell surface by γ-GT, leading to formation of DMAC, which is imported via xCT, xAG, or potentially other cystine/cysteine importing systems. Further, we propose that Dar induces its own import via increased xCT expression. These mechanisms may explain the enhanced toxicity of Dar toward cancer cells compared with ATO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Garnier
- Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Division of Experimental Medicine (N.G., G.G.J.R., M.S.D., J.N.N., S.V.d.R., K.K.M., W.H.M.), and Department of Chemistry (Y.G., D.S.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York (Y.S., D.S.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shao J, Katika MR, Schmeits PCJ, Hendriksen PJM, van Loveren H, Peijnenburg AACM, Volger OL. Toxicogenomics-based identification of mechanisms for direct immunotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2013; 135:328-46. [PMID: 23824090 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds with direct immunotoxic properties, including metals, mycotoxins, agricultural pesticides, and industrial chemicals, form potential human health risks due to exposure through food, drinking water, and the environment. Insights into the mechanisms of action are currently lacking for the majority of these direct immunotoxicants. Therefore, the present work aimed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying direct immunotoxicity. To this end, we assessed in vitro the effects of 31 test compounds on the transcriptome of the human Jurkat T-cell line. These compounds included direct immunotoxicants, immunosuppressive drugs with different mode of actions, and nonimmunotoxic control chemicals. Pathway analysis of the microarray data allowed us to identify canonical pathways and Gene Ontology processes that were transcriptionally regulated in common by immunotoxicants (1) with structural similarities, such as tributyltin chloride and tributyltin oxide that activated the retinoic acid/X receptor signaling pathway and (2) without structural similarities, such as As2O3, dibutyltin chloride, diazinon, MeHg, ochratoxin A (OTA), S9-treated OTA, S9-treated cyclophosphamide, and S9-treated benzo[a]pyrene, which activated unfolded protein response, and FTY720, lindane, and propanil, which activated the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, processes uniquely affected by individual immunotoxicants were identified, such as the induction of Notch receptor signaling and the downregulation of acute-phase response genes by OTA. These findings were validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of genes involved in these processes. Our study indicated that diverse modes of action are involved in direct immunotoxicity and that a set of pathways or genes, rather than one single gene, can be used to screen compounds for direct immunotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shao
- * RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
The novel arsenical Darinaparsin circumvents BRG1-dependent, HO-1-mediated cytoprotection in leukemic cells. Leukemia 2013; 27:2220-8. [PMID: 23426167 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Darinaparsin (Dar) is a more potent cytotoxic arsenical than arsenic trioxide (ATO). We hypothesized that the increased cytotoxicity of Dar may be because of a decreased cytoprotective response. We observed that, unlike ATO, Dar does not induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), even though it induces expression of other nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2)-dependent detoxifying enzymes to a greater extent than ATO, in both cancer cell lines and patient-derived leukemic cells. This strengthens the emerging evidence, showing that response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is stimuli specific. Dar treatment prevents recruitment of the transcriptional coregulator Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) to the HMOX1 promoter, which is required for HMOX1 expression. The inability of Dar to induce HO-1 correlates with arrest in G2/M cell cycle phase and BRG1 phosphorylation. Inhibition of HO-1 increases the toxicity of ATO, but has no effect on Dar-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, the lack of HO-1 induction is involved in Dar's enhanced antileukemic properties. Our data highlight cytoprotective responses mediated by HO-1 and BRG1 as a novel target for enhancing the therapeutic range of arsenicals.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nielsen TH, Johnson N, Garnier N, Kwan S, Yao L, Cocolakis E, Hébert J, Morgan RA, Paquet E, Callahan KP, Jordan CT, Assouline S, Miller WH, Mann KK. Monitoring Response and Resistance to the Novel Arsenical Darinaparsin in an AML Patient. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:9. [PMID: 23408639 PMCID: PMC3570070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inversion of chromosome 3 is characterized by overexpression of EVI1 and carries a dismal prognosis. Arsenic-containing compounds have been described to be efficacious in malignancies overexpressing EVI1. Here, we describe a case of AML with inv(3)(q21q26.2) treated with the organic arsenical darinaparsin. Using a “personalized medicine approach,” two different arsenicals were screened for anti-leukemic effect against the patient’s cells ex vivo. The most promising compound, darinaparsin, was selected for in vivo treatment. Clinical effect was almost immediate, with a normalization of temperature, a stabilization of white blood cell (WBC) counts and an increased quality of life. Longitudinal monitoring of patient response and resistance incorporating significant correlative studies on patient-derived blood samples over the two cycles of darinaparsin given to this patient allowed us to evaluate potential mechanisms of response and resistance. The anti-leukemic effects of darinaparsin correlated with inhibition of the alternative NF-κB pathway and production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8. Emergence of resistance was suspected during treatment cycle 2 and supported by xenograft studies in nude mice. Darinaparsin resistance correlated with an attenuation of the effect of treatment on the alternative NF-κB pathway. The results from this patient indicate that darinaparsin may be a good treatment option for inv(3) AML and that inhibition of the alternative NF-κB pathway may be predictive of response. Longitudinal monitoring of disease response as well as several correlative parameters allowed for the generation of novel correlations and predictors of response to experimental therapy in a heavily pretreated patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten H Nielsen
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alterations in glutathione levels and apoptotic regulators are associated with acquisition of arsenic trioxide resistance in multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52662. [PMID: 23285138 PMCID: PMC3528737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been tested in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with limited success. In order to better understand drug mechanism and resistance pathways in myeloma we generated an ATO-resistant cell line, 8226/S-ATOR05, with an IC50 that is 2–3-fold higher than control cell lines and significantly higher than clinically achievable concentrations. Interestingly we found two parallel pathways governing resistance to ATO in 8226/S-ATOR05, and the relevance of these pathways appears to be linked to the concentration of ATO used. We found changes in the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins Bfl-1 and Noxa as well as an increase in cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. At low, clinically achievable concentrations, resistance was primarily associated with an increase in expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bfl-1 and a decrease in expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Noxa. However, as the concentration of ATO increased, elevated levels of intracellular GSH in 8226/S-ATOR05 became the primary mechanism of ATO resistance. Removal of arsenic selection resulted in a loss of the resistance phenotype, with cells becoming sensitive to high concentrations of ATO within 7 days following drug removal, indicating changes associated with high level resistance (elevated GSH) are dependent upon the presence of arsenic. Conversely, not until 50 days without arsenic did cells once again become sensitive to clinically relevant doses of ATO, coinciding with a decrease in the expression of Bfl-1. In addition we found cross-resistance to melphalan and doxorubicin in 8226/S-ATOR05, suggesting ATO-resistance pathways may also be involved in resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lau A, Whitman SA, Jaramillo MC, Zhang DD. Arsenic-mediated activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012. [PMID: 23188707 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is present in the environment and has become a worldwide health concern due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity. However, the specific mechanism(s) by which arsenic elicits its toxic effects has yet to be fully elucidated. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has been recognized as the master regulator of a cellular defense mechanism against toxic insults. This review highlights studies demonstrating that arsenic activates the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway by a distinct mechanism from that of natural compounds such as sulforaphane (SF) found in broccoli sprouts or tert-butylhyrdoquinone (tBHQ), a natural antioxidant commonly used as a food preservative. Evidence also suggests that arsenic prolongs Nrf2 activation and may mimic constitutive activation of Nrf2, which has been found in several human cancers due to disruption of the Nrf2-Keap1 axis. The current literature strongly suggests that activation of Nrf2 by arsenic potentially contributes to, rather than protects against, arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity. The mechanism(s) by which known Nrf2 activators, such as the natural chemopreventive compounds SF and lipoic acid, protect against the deleterious effects caused by arsenic will also be discussed. These findings will provide insight to further understand how arsenic promotes a prolonged Nrf2 response, which will lead to the identification of novel molecular markers and development of rational therapies for the prevention or intervention of arsenic-induced diseases. The National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) Outstanding New Environmental Scientist (ONES) award has provided the opportunity to review the progress both in the fields of arsenic toxicology and Nrf2 biology. Much of the funding has led to (1) the novel discovery that arsenic activates the Nrf2 pathway by a mechanism different to that of other Nrf2 activators, such as sulforaphane and tert-butylhydroquinone, (2) activation of Nrf2 by chemopreventive compounds protects against arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity both in vitro and in vivo, (3) constitutive activation of Nrf2 by disrupting Keap1-mediated negative regulation contributes to cancer and chemoresistance, (4) p62-mediated sequestration of Keap1 activates the Nrf2 pathway, and (5) arsenic-mediated Nrf2 activation may be through a p62-dependent mechanism. All of these findings have been published and are discussed in this review. This award has laid the foundation for my laboratory to further investigate the molecular mechanism(s) that regulate the Nrf2 pathway and how it may play an integral role in arsenic toxicity. Moreover, understanding the biology behind arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity will help in the discovery of potential strategies to prevent or control arsenic-mediated adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Lau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tian J, Zhao H, Nolley R, Reese SW, Young SR, Li X, Peehl DM, Knox SJ. Darinaparsin: solid tumor hypoxic cytotoxin and radiosensitizer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3366-76. [PMID: 22535156 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia is an important characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment and constitutes a barrier for effective radiotherapy. Here, we studied the effects of darinaparsin (an arsenic cytotoxin) on survival and radiosensitivity of tumor cells in vitro under normoxia and hypoxia and in vivo using xenograft models, compared to effects on normal tissues. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of darinaparsin were first tested in vitro in a variety of solid tumor cell lines under both normoxia and hypoxia and compared with arsenic trioxide (ATO, an arsenical with reported cytotoxic and radiosensitizing activities on tumor cells). The effects were then tested in mouse models of xenograft tumors derived from tumor cell lines and clinical tumor specimens. The potential mechanisms of darinaparsin effects, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular damage, and changes in global gene expression, were also investigated. RESULTS In comparison with ATO, darinaparsin had significantly higher in vitro cytotoxic and radiosensitizing activities against solid tumor cells under both normoxia and hypoxia. In vivo experiments confirmed these activities at doses that had no systemic toxicities. Importantly, darinaparsin did not radiosensitize normal bone marrow and actually radioprotected normal intestinal crypts. The darinaparsin-mediated antitumor effects under hypoxia were not dependent on ROS generation and oxidative damage, but were associated with inhibition of oncogene (RAS and MYC)-dependent gene expression. CONCLUSION Darinaparsin has significant and preferential cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects on solid tumors as compared with normal cells. Darinaparsin may therefore increase the therapeutic index of radiation therapy and has near term translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu JX, Zhou GB, Chen SJ, Chen Z. Arsenic compounds: revived ancient remedies in the fight against human malignancies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:92-8. [PMID: 22342767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, the 20th most abundant element in the earth crust, is one of the oldest drugs in the world. It was used in the 18th century in treating hematopoietic malignancies, discarded in 1950s in favor of chemotherapeutic agents (busulphan and others), and was revived in the 1970s due to its dramatic efficacy on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) driven by the t(15;17) translocation-generated PML-RARα fusion. Arsenic represents the most potent single agent for APL, and achieves a five-year overall survival of 90% in APL patients when combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy (daunorubicin and cytarabine), turning this disease from highly fatal to highly curable. Arsenic triggers sumoylation/ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PML-RARα via directly binding to the C3HC4 zinc finger motif in the RBCC domain of the PML moiety and induction of its homodimerization/multimerization and interaction with the SUMO E2 conjugase Ubc9. Because of its multiplicity of targets and complex mechanisms of action, arsenic is widely tested in combination with other agents in a variety of malignancies. Other arsenic containing recipes including oral formulations and organic arsenicals are being developed and tested, and progress in these areas will definitely expand the use of arsenicals in other malignant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mason TA, Kolobova E, Liu J, Roland JT, Chiang C, Goldenring JR. Darinaparsin is a multivalent chemotherapeutic which induces incomplete stress response with disruption of microtubules and Shh signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27699. [PMID: 22110729 PMCID: PMC3216988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics and other pharmaceuticals are common sources of cellular stress. Darinaparsin (ZIO-101) is a novel organic arsenical under evaluation as a cancer chemotherapeutic, but the drug's precise mechanism of action is unclear. Stress granule formation is an important cellular stress response, but the mechanisms of formation, maintenance, and dispersal of RNA-containing granules are not fully understood. During stress, small, diffuse granules initially form throughout the cytoplasm. These granules then coalesce near the nucleus into larger granules that disperse once the cellular stress is removed. Complete stress granule formation is dependent upon microtubules. Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, pre-treated with nocodazole for microtubule depolymerization, formed only small, diffuse stress granules upon sodium arsenite treatment. Darinaparsin, as a single agent, also induced the formation of small, diffuse stress granules, an effect similar to that of the combination of nocodazole with sodium arsenite. Darinaparsin inhibited the polymerization of microtubules both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, upon removal of darinaparsin, the small, diffuse stress granules completed formation with coalescence in the perinuclear region prior to disassembly. These results indicate that RNA stress granules must complete formation prior to disassembly, and completion of stress granule formation is dependent upon microtubules. Finally, treatment of cells with darinaparsin led to a reduction in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) stimulated activation of Gli1 and a loss of primary cilia. Therefore, darinaparsin represents a unique multivalent chemotherapeutic acting on stress induction, microtubule polymerization, and Shh signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Twila A. Mason
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elena Kolobova
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chin Chiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jungwirth U, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG, Berger W, Heffeter P. Anticancer activity of metal complexes: involvement of redox processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1085-127. [PMID: 21275772 PMCID: PMC3371750 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells require tight regulation of the intracellular redox balance and consequently of reactive oxygen species for proper redox signaling and maintenance of metal (e.g., of iron and copper) homeostasis. In several diseases, including cancer, this balance is disturbed. Therefore, anticancer drugs targeting the redox systems, for example, glutathione and thioredoxin, have entered focus of interest. Anticancer metal complexes (platinum, gold, arsenic, ruthenium, rhodium, copper, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, gadolinium, and molybdenum) have been shown to strongly interact with or even disturb cellular redox homeostasis. In this context, especially the hypothesis of "activation by reduction" as well as the "hard and soft acids and bases" theory with respect to coordination of metal ions to cellular ligands represent important concepts to understand the molecular modes of action of anticancer metal drugs. The aim of this review is to highlight specific interactions of metal-based anticancer drugs with the cellular redox homeostasis and to explain this behavior by considering chemical properties of the respective anticancer metal complexes currently either in (pre)clinical development or in daily clinical routine in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yehiayan L, Membreno N, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Extraction tool and matrix effects on arsenic speciation analysis in cell lines. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 699:187-92. [PMID: 21704773 PMCID: PMC3184454 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic glutathione (As-GSH) complexes have been suggested as possible metabolites in arsenic (As) metabolism. Extensive research has been performed on the toxicological and apoptotic effects of As, while few reports exist on its metabolism at the cellular level due to the analytical challenges. In this study, an efficient extraction method for arsenicals from cell lines was developed. Evaluation of extraction tools; vortex, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic probe and solvents; water, chemicals (methanol and trifluoroacetic acid), and enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and protease) was performed. GSH effect on the stability of As-GSH complexes was studied. Arsenic metabolites in dimethylarsino glutathione (DMA(GS)) incubated multiple myeloma cell lines were identified following extraction. Intracellular GSH concentrations of myeloma cell lines were imitated in the extraction media and its corresponding effect on the stability and distribution of As metabolites was studied. An enhancement in both extraction recoveries and time efficiency with the use of the ultrasonic probe was observed. Higher stabilities for the As species in water, pepsin and trypsin were obtained. The presence of 0.5mM GSH in the extraction media (PBS, pH 7.4) could not stabilize the As-GSH complexes compared to the 5mM GSH, where high stabilization of the complexes was observed over a 5 day storage study. Finally, the speciation analysis of the DMA(GS) culture incubated cell lines in the presence or absence of GSH revealed the important role GSH plays in the preservation of DMA(GS) identity. Hence, caution is required during the extraction of arsenicals especially the As-GSH complexes, since their identification is highly dependent on GSH concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Yehiayan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St, Miami, Florida, 33199
| | - Nellymar Membreno
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St, Miami, Florida, 33199
| | - Shannon Matulis
- Dept. of Hematology & Medical Oncology at Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Lawrence H. Boise
- Dept. of Hematology & Medical Oncology at Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St, Miami, Florida, 33199
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mann KK, Wallner B, Lossos IS, Miller WH. Darinaparsin: a novel organic arsenical with promising anticancer activity. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 18:1727-34. [PMID: 19780704 DOI: 10.1517/13543780903282759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Darinaparsin is an organic arsenical composed of dimethylated arsenic linked to glutathione, and is being investigated for antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo. While other arsenicals, including arsenic trioxide, have been used clinically, none have shown significant activity in malignancies outside of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Darinaparsin has significant activity in a broad spectrum of hematologic and solid tumors in preclinical models. Here, we review the literature describing the signaling pathways and mechanisms of action of darinaparsin and compare them to mechanisms of cell death induced by arsenic trioxide. Darinaparsin has overlapping, but distinct, signaling mechanisms. We also review the current results of clinical trials with darinaparsin (both intravenous and oral formulations) that demonstrate significant antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koren K Mann
- McGill University, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|