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Lee B, Park Y, Lee Y, Kwon S, Shim J. Triptolide, a Cancer Cell Proliferation Inhibitor, Causes Zebrafish Muscle Defects by Regulating Notch and STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4675. [PMID: 38731894 PMCID: PMC11083231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a natural compound in herbal remedies with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. We studied its effects on critical signaling processes within the cell, including Notch1 and STAT3 signaling. Our research showed that triptolide reduces cancer cell proliferation by decreasing the expression of downstream targets of these signals. The levels of each signal-related protein and mRNA were analyzed using Western blot and qPCR methods. Interestingly, inhibiting one signal with a single inhibitor alone did not significantly reduce cancer cell proliferation. Instead, MTT assays showed that the simultaneous inhibition of Notch1 and STAT3 signaling reduced cell proliferation. The effect of triptolide was similar to a combination treatment with inhibitors for both signals. When we conducted a study on the impact of triptolide on zebrafish larvae, we found that it inhibited muscle development and interfered with muscle cell proliferation, as evidenced by differences in the staining of myosin heavy chain and F-actin proteins in confocal fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, we noticed that inhibiting a single type of signaling did not lead to any significant muscle defects. This implies that triptolide obstructs multiple signals simultaneously, including Notch1 and STAT3, during muscle development. Chemotherapy is commonly used to treat cancer, but it may cause muscle loss due to drug-related adverse reactions or other complex mechanisms. Our study suggests that anticancer agents like triptolide, inhibiting essential signaling pathways including Notch1 and STAT3 signaling, may cause muscle atrophy through anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byongsun Lee
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (B.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.L.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (B.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Younggwang Lee
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (B.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Seyoung Kwon
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (B.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Jaekyung Shim
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (B.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.L.); (S.K.)
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2
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Hanna GJ, Stathis A, Lopez-Miranda E, Racca F, Quon D, Leyvraz S, Hess D, Keam B, Rodon J, Ahn MJ, Kim HR, Schneeweiss A, Ribera JM, DeAngelo D, Perez Garcia JM, Cortes J, Schönborn-Kellenberger O, Weber D, Pisa P, Bauer M, Beni L, Bobadilla M, Lehal R, Vigolo M, Vogl FD, Garralda E. A Phase I Study of the Pan-Notch Inhibitor CB-103 for Patients with Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Other Tumors. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1853-1861. [PMID: 37712875 PMCID: PMC10501326 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CB-103 selectively inhibits the CSL-NICD (Notch intracellular domain) interaction leading to transcriptional downregulation of oncogenic Notch pathway activation. This dose-escalation/expansion study aimed to determine safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients ≥18 years of age with selected advanced solid tumors [namely, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)] and hematologic malignancies were eligible. CB-103 was dosed orally in cycles of 28 days at escalating doses until disease progression. Notch-activating mutations were required in a dose confirmatory cohort. Endpoints included dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), safety, tumor response, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Exploratory analyses focused on correlates of Notch and target gene expression. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients (64, 12 dose-escalation cohorts; 15, confirmatory cohort) enrolled with 54% receiving two or more lines of prior therapy. ACC was the dominant tumor type (40, 51%). Two DLTs were observed [elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), visual change]; recommended phase II dose was declared as 500 mg twice daily (5 days on, 2 days off weekly). Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 15 patients (19%), including elevated liver function tests (LFTs), anemia, and visual changes. Five (6%) discontinued drug for toxicity; with no drug-related deaths. There were no objective responses, but 37 (49%) had stable disease; including 23 of 40 (58%) patients with ACC. In the ACC cohort, median progression-free survival was 2.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.7] and median overall survival was 18.4 months (95% CI, 6.3-not reached). CONCLUSIONS CB-103 had a manageable safety profile and biological activity but limited clinical antitumor activity as monotherapy in this first-in-human study. SIGNIFICANCE CB-103 is a novel oral pan-Notch inhibitor that selectively blocks the CSL-NICD interaction leading to transcriptional downregulation of oncogenic Notch pathway activation. This first-in-human dose-escalation and -confirmation study aimed to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor efficacy of CB-103. We observed a favorable safety profile with good tolerability and biological activity but limited clinical single-agent antitumor activity. Some disease stabilization was observed among an aggressive NOTCH-mutant ACC type-I subgroup where prognosis is poor and therapies are critically needed. Peripheral downregulation of select Notch target gene levels was observed with escalating doses. Future studies exploring CB-103 should enrich for patients with NOTCH-mutant ACC and investigate rational combinatorial approaches in tumors where there is limited success with investigational or approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J. Hanna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Head and Neck Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabricio Racca
- IOB – Institute of Oncology Barcelona and Madrid, Hospital Quironsalud-Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Doris Quon
- Sarcoma Oncology Research Center, Santa Monica, California
| | - Serge Leyvraz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hess
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Severance Hospital – Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josep-Maria Ribera
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (Catalan Institute of Oncology [ICO]), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel DeAngelo
- Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Manuel Perez Garcia
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Ridgewood, New Jersey
| | - Javier Cortes
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Ridgewood, New Jersey
| | | | - Dirk Weber
- Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Pisa
- piMedConsulting Ltd, Gersau, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Beni
- Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Raj Lehal
- Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elena Garralda
- Early Drug Development Unit, Clinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain
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Jung SH, Park SS, Lim JY, Sohn SY, Kim NY, Kim D, Lee SH, Chung YJ, Min CK. Single-cell analysis of multiple myelomas refines the molecular features of bortezomib treatment responsiveness. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1967-1978. [PMID: 36380017 PMCID: PMC9723182 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial for pathogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Bortezomib, commonly used for MM treatment, works on both MM and TME cells, but innate and acquired resistance easily develop. By single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we investigated bone marrow aspirates of 18 treatment-naïve MM patients who later received bortezomib-based treatments. Twelve plasma and TME cell types and their subsets were identified. Suboptimal responders (SORs) to bortezomib exhibited higher copy number alteration burdens than optimal responders (ORs). Forty-four differentially expressed genes for SORs based on scRNA-seq data were further analyzed in an independent cohort of 90 treatment-naïve MMs, where 24 genes were validated. A combined model of three clinical variables (older age, low absolute lymphocyte count, and no autologous stem cell transplantation) and 24 genes was associated with bortezomib responsiveness and poor prognosis. In T cells, cytotoxic memory, proliferating, and dysfunctional subsets were significantly enriched in SORs. Moreover, we identified three monocyte subsets associated with bortezomib responsiveness and an MM-specific NK cell trajectory that ended with an MM-specific subset. scRNA-seq predicted the interaction of the GAS6-MERTK, ALCAM-CD6, and BAG6-NCR gene networks. Of note, tumor cells from ORs and SORs were the most prominent sources of ALCAM on effector T cells and BAG6 on NK cells, respectively. Our results indicate that the complicated compositional and molecular changes of both tumor and immune cells in the bone marrow (BM) milieu are important in the development and acquisition of resistance to bortezomib-based treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jung
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hematology Hospital, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hematology Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Yong Sohn
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na Yung Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dokyeong Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Precision Medicine Research Center/IRCGP, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Precision Medicine Research Center/IRCGP, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hematology Hospital, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Sabol HM, Amorim T, Ashby C, Halladay D, Anderson J, Cregor M, Sweet M, Nookaew I, Kurihara N, Roodman GD, Bellido T, Delgado-Calle J. Notch3 signaling between myeloma cells and osteocytes in the tumor niche promotes tumor growth and bone destruction. Neoplasia 2022; 28:100785. [PMID: 35390742 PMCID: PMC8990177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Notch3 promotes proliferation and enhances the osteoclastogenic potential of multiple myeloma cells. Notch3 mediates the communication between myeloma cells and osteocytes that leads to tumor proliferation. Newly diagnosed MM patients with high Notch3 expression exhibit upregulation of gene signatures associated with cell proliferation and osteoclast formation. Genetic inhibition of Notch3 in MM cells markedly decreases tumor growth and bone destruction in an immunocompetent mouse model of MM disease.
In multiple myeloma (MM), communication via Notch signaling in the tumor niche stimulates tumor progression and bone destruction. We previously showed that osteocytes activate Notch, increase Notch3 expression, and stimulate proliferation in MM cells. We show here that Notch3 inhibition in MM cells reduced MM proliferation, decreased Rankl expression, and abrogated the ability of MM cells to promote osteoclastogenesis. Further, Notch3 inhibition in MM cells partially prevented the Notch activation and increased proliferation induced by osteocytes, demonstrating that Notch3 mediates MM-osteocyte communication. Consistently, pro-proliferative and pro-osteoclastogenic pathways were upregulated in CD138+ cells from newly diagnosed MM patients with high vs. low NOTCH3 expression. These results show that NOTCH3 signaling in MM cells stimulates proliferation and increases their osteoclastogenic potential. In contrast, Notch2 inhibition did not alter MM cell proliferation or communication with osteocytes. Lastly, mice injected with Notch3 knock-down MM cells had a 50% decrease in tumor burden and a 50% reduction in osteolytic lesions than mice bearing control MM cells. Together, these findings identify Notch3 as a mediator of cell communication among MM cells and between MM cells and osteocytes in the MM tumor niche and warrant future studies to exploit Notch3 as a therapeutic target to treat MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Sabol
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Tânia Amorim
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cody Ashby
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - David Halladay
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Judith Anderson
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Meloney Cregor
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Megan Sweet
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Noriyoshi Kurihara
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - G David Roodman
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, United States; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States.
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5
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Quwaider D, Corchete LA, Martín-Izquierdo M, Hernández-Sánchez JM, Rojas EA, Cardona-Benavides IJ, García-Sanz R, Herrero AB, Gutiérrez NC. RNA sequencing identifies novel regulated IRE1-dependent decay targets that affect multiple myeloma survival and proliferation. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:18. [PMID: 35361260 PMCID: PMC8969279 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IRE1 is an unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor with kinase and endonuclease activity. It plays a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response through unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA and regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). Multiple myeloma (MM) cells are known to exhibit an elevated level of baseline ER stress due to immunoglobulin production, however RIDD activity has not been well studied in this disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of RNA-sequencing in the identification of novel RIDD targets in MM cells and to analyze the role of these targets in MM cells. Methods In vitro IRE1-cleavage assay was combined with RNA sequencing. The expression level of RIDD targets in MM cell lines was measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed hundreds of putative IRE1 substrates in the in vitro assay, 32 of which were chosen for further validation. Looking into the secondary structure of IRE1 substrates, we found that the consensus sequences of IRF4, PRDM1, IKZF1, KLF13, NOTCH1, ATR, DICER, RICTOR, CDK12, FAM168B, and CENPF mRNAs were accompanied by a stem-loop structure essential for IRE1-mediated cleavage. In fact, we show that mRNA and protein levels corresponding to these targets were attenuated in an IRE1-dependent manner by treatment with ER-stress-inducing agents. In addition, a synergistic effect between IMiDs and ER-stress inducers was found. Conclusion This study, using RNA sequencing, shows that IRE1 RNase has a broad range of mRNA substrates in myeloma cells and demonstrates for the first time that IRE1 is a key regulator of several proteins of importance in MM survival and proliferation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40164-022-00271-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Quwaider
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis A Corchete
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Izquierdo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elizabeta A Rojas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio J Cardona-Benavides
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in Network of Cancer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana B Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma C Gutiérrez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. .,Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Research in Network of Cancer (CIBERONC), Salamanca, Spain.
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6
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Sabol HM, Ferrari AJ, Adhikari M, Amorim T, McAndrews K, Anderson J, Vigolo M, Lehal R, Cregor M, Khan S, Cuevas PL, Helms JA, Kurihara N, Srinivasan V, Ebetino FH, Boeckman RK, Roodman GD, Bellido T, Delgado-Calle J. Targeting Notch inhibitors to the myeloma bone marrow niche decreases tumor growth and bone destruction without gut toxicity. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5102-5114. [PMID: 34348968 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inhibition of Notch with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) decreases multiple myeloma (MM) tumor growth, but the clinical use of GSI is limited due to its severe gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, we generated a GSI Notch inhibitor specifically directed to the bone (BT-GSI). BT-GSI administration decreased Notch target gene expression in the bone marrow, but it did not alter Notch signaling in intestinal tissue or induce gut toxicity. In mice with established human or murine MM, treatment with BT-GSI decreased tumor burden and prevented the progression of MM-induced osteolytic disease by inhibiting bone resorption more effectively than unconjugated GSI at equimolar doses. These findings show that BT-GSI has dual anti-myeloma and anti-restorative properties, supporting the therapeutic approach of bone-targeted Notch inhibition for the treatment of MM and associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Sabol
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Adam J Ferrari
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Phyiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Tânia Amorim
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Judith Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University Bloomington
| | | | | | - Meloney Cregor
- Phyiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Sharmin Khan
- Phyiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Pedro L Cuevas
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Teresita Bellido
- Phyiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
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Rutin Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Caski Cervical Cancer Cells via Notch- 1 and Hes- 1 Downregulation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080761. [PMID: 34440505 PMCID: PMC8400226 DOI: 10.3390/life11080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dietary molecules such as flavonoids have been recognized for their immense potential in cancer therapeutics with several health benefits. Hes-1 and Notch-1 overexpression has been associated with the progression of cervical cancer. However, the apoptosis-inducing potential of one such potent flavanol against these two key components of the Notch signaling pathway in cervical cancer has not been elucidated to date. Therefore, in this study, we performed several in vitro assays to gain detailed insight about the apoptotic inducing effect of rutin as well as its modulatory effect on Notch-1 and Hes-1 in cervical cancer cells. The results indicated that rutin led to a dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on Caski cervical cancer cells. DAPI and Mitotracker red staining revealed that rutin induced significant apoptotic effects via caspase-3/9 activation, ROS generation, and alteration in Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression. Cell cycle analysis resulted in the arrest of cell cycle progression in G0/G1 that was associated with a reduced expression of CDK4 and Cyclin D1. The gene expression analysis further revealed that rutin treatment decreases Notch-1 and Hes-1 mRNA expression. Altogether, these results showed that rutin showed potent anticancer effects in human cervical cancer Caski cells by triggering apoptosis, G0/G1 phase arrest, and downregulating the level of Notch-1 and Hes-1 of the Notch signaling pathway.
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8
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Lu H, Pundole X, Lee HC. The role of bone-modifying agents in myeloma bone disease. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10518. [PMID: 34368608 PMCID: PMC8328802 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone disease is common in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), which manifests as bone pain and skeletal-related events (SREs) such as pathological fractures and spinal cord compression. Myeloma bone disease (MBD) can adversely affect the quality of life of patients and have negative effects on morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of MBD is complex, and several factors are involved in the dysregulation of bone metabolism and uncoupling of bone remodeling, which result in net bone loss and devastating SREs. Broadly speaking, elevated osteoclast activity, suppressed osteoblast activity, and an aberrant marrow microenvironment play a role in MBD. Interaction of MM cells with the main bone cell osteocytes also promote further bone destruction. This review focuses on the role of bone-modifying agents in the prevention and treatment of MBD. The mainstay of MBD prevention are antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates and denosumab. However, these agents do not play a direct role in bone formation and repair of existing MBD. Newer agents with anabolic effects such as anti-sclerostin antibodies, parathyroid hormone, anti-Dickkopf-1 antibodies, and others have shown potential in repair of MBD lesions. With the development of several new agents, the treatment landscape of MBD is likely to evolve in the coming years. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lu
- Department of General Internal Medicine Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Houston Texas USA
| | - Xerxes Pundole
- Department of Health Services Research The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA.,Present address: Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks CA USA
| | - Hans C Lee
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
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Sabol HM, Delgado-Calle J. The multifunctional role of Notch signaling in multiple myeloma. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 34778567 PMCID: PMC8589324 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2021.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and currently is incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment plays a critical role in MM. MM cells reside in specialized niches where they interact with multiple marrow cell types, transforming the bone/bone marrow compartment into an ideal microenvironment for the migration, proliferation, and survival of MM cells. In addition, MM cells interact with bone cells to stimulate bone destruction and promote the development of bone lesions that rarely heal. In this review, we discuss how Notch signals facilitate the communication between adjacent MM cells and between MM cells and bone/bone marrow cells and shape the microenvironment to favor MM progression and bone disease. We also address the potential and therapeutic approaches used to target Notch signaling in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Sabol
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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10
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Ferrarotto R, Mitani Y, McGrail DJ, Li K, Karpinets TV, Bell D, Frank SJ, Song X, Kupferman ME, Liu B, Lee JJ, Glisson BS, Zhang J, Aster JC, Lin SY, Futreal PA, Heymach JV, El-Naggar AK. Proteogenomic Analysis of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas Defines Molecular Subtypes and Identifies Therapeutic Targets. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:852-864. [PMID: 33172898 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) has heterogeneous clinical behavior. Currently, all patients are treated uniformly, and no standard-of-care systemic therapy exists for metastatic ACC. We conducted an integrated proteogenomic analyses of ACC tumors to identify dysregulated pathways and propose a classification with therapeutic implications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RNA/DNA sequencing of 54 flash-frozen salivary ACCs and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) in 38 specimens were performed, with validation by Western blotting and/or IHC. Three independent ACC cohorts were used for validation. RESULTS Both unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and RPPA analysis revealed two molecular subtypes: ACC-I (37%) and ACC-II (63%). ACC-I had strong upregulation of MYC, MYC target genes, and mRNA splicing, enrichment of NOTCH-activating mutations, and dramatically worse prognosis. ACC-II exhibited upregulation of TP63 and receptor tyrosine kinases (AXL, MET, and EGFR) and less aggressive clinical course. TP63 and MYC were sufficient to assign tumors to ACC subtypes, which was validated in one independent cohort by IHC and two additional independent cohorts by RNA-seq. Furthermore, IHC staining for MYC and P63 protein levels can be used to identify ACC subtypes, enabling rapid clinical deployment to guide therapeutic decisions. Our data suggest a model in which ACC-I is driven by MYC signaling through either NOTCH mutations or direct amplification, which in turn suppress P63 signaling observed in ACC-II, producing unique therapeutic vulnerabilities for each subtype. CONCLUSIONS Cooccurrence of multiple actionable protein/pathways alterations in each subtype indicates unique therapeutic vulnerabilities and opportunities for optimal combination therapy for this understudied and heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kaiyi Li
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tatiana V Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael E Kupferman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Statistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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11
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Combined inhibition of Notch and FLT3 produces synergistic cytotoxic effects in FLT3/ITD + acute myeloid leukemia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:21. [PMID: 32296014 PMCID: PMC7067872 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) are the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and predict a poor prognosis. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide short-term clinical responses, but the long-term prognosis of FLT3/ITD+ AML patients remains poor. Notch signaling is important in numerous types of tumors. However, the role of Notch signaling in FLT3/ITD+ AML remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we found that Notch signaling was activated upon FLT3-TKI treatment in FLT3/ITD+ cell lines and primary cells. As Notch signaling can be blocked by γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), we examined the combinatorial antitumor efficacy of FLT3-TKIs and GSIs against FLT3/ITD+ AML and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. As a result, we observed synergistic cytotoxic effects, and the treatment preferentially reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in FLT3/ITD+ AML cell lines and in primary AML cells. Furthermore, the combination of FLT3-TKI and GSI eradicated leukemic cells and prolonged survival in an FLT3/ITD+ patient-derived xenograft AML model. Mechanistically, differential expression analysis suggested that CXCR3 may be partially responsible for the observed synergy, possibly through ERK signaling. Our findings suggest that combined therapies of FLT3-TKIs with GSI may be exploited as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat FLT3/ITD+ AML.
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12
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Sundaramoorthy P, Gasparetto C, Kang Y. The combination of a sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor (ABC294640) and a Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-199) displays synergistic anti-myeloma effects in myeloma cells without a t(11;14) translocation. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3257-3268. [PMID: 29761903 PMCID: PMC6051232 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease in need of the development of novel therapeutic agents and drug combinations. ABT‐199 is a specific Bcl‐2 inhibitor in clinical trials for MM; however, its activity as a single agent was limited to myeloma patients with the t(11;14) translocation who acquire resistance due to co‐expression of Mcl‐1 and Bcl‐xL. These limitations preclude its use in a broader patient population. We have recently found that a sphingosine kinase 2‐specific inhibitor (ABC294640) induces apoptosis in primary human CD138+ cells and MM cell lines. ABC294640 is currently in phase I/II clinical trials for myeloma (clinicaltrials.gov: #NCT01410981). Interestingly, ABC294640 down‐regulates c‐Myc and Mcl‐1, but does not have any effects on Bcl‐2. We first evaluated the combinatorial anti‐myeloma effect of ABC294640 and ABT‐199 in vitro in 7 MM cell lines, all of which harbor no t(11;14) translocation. Combination index calculation demonstrated a synergistic anti‐myeloma effect of the combination of ABC294640 and ABT‐199. This synergistic anti‐myeloma effect was maintained even in the presence of bone marrow (BM) stromal cells. The combination of ABC294640 and ABT‐199 led to enhanced cleavage of PARP and caspase‐3/9 and increased Annexin‐V expression, consistent with the induction of apoptosis by the combination treatment. In addition, the combination of ABC294640 and ABT‐199 resulted in the down‐regulation of the anti‐apoptotic proteins Mcl‐1, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xL and the cleavage of Bax and Bid. The combination induced both the mitochondrial mediated‐ and caspase‐mediated apoptosis pathways. Finally, the combination of ABC294640 and ABT‐199 resulted in augmented anti‐myeloma effect in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. These findings demonstrate that the co‐administration of ABC294640 and ABT‐199 exhibits synergistic anti‐myeloma activity in vitro and in vivo, providing justification for a clinical study of this novel combination in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasupathi Sundaramoorthy
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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13
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Mukherjee N, Almeida A, Partyka KA, Lu Y, Schwan JV, Lambert K, Rogers M, Robinson WA, Robinson SE, Applegate AJ, Amato CM, Luo Y, Fujita M, Norris DA, Shellman YG. Combining a GSI and BCL-2 inhibitor to overcome melanoma's resistance to current treatments. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84594-84607. [PMID: 27829238 PMCID: PMC5356684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major limitations of current melanoma treatments are for instances of relapse and the lack of therapeutic options for BRAF wild-type patients who do not respond to immunotherapy. Many studies therefore focus on killing resistant subpopulations, such as Melanoma Initiating Cells (MICs) to prevent relapse. Here we examined whether combining a GSI (γ-Secretase Inhibitor) with ABT-737 (a small molecule BCL-2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor) can kill both the non-MICs (bulk of melanoma) and MICs. To address the limitations of melanoma therapies, we included multiple tumor samples of patients relapsed from current treatments, with a diverse genetic background (with or without the common BRAF, NRAS or NF1 mutations) in these studies. Excitingly, the combination treatment reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis of the non-MICs; disrupted primary spheres, decreased the ALDH+ cells, and inhibited the self-renewability of the MICs in multiple melanoma cell lines and relapsed patient samples. Using a low-cell-number mouse xenograft model, we demonstrated that the combination significantly reduced the tumor initiating ability of MIC-enriched cultures from relapsed patient samples. Mechanistic studies also indicate that cell death is NOXA-dependent. In summary, this combination may be a promising strategy to address treatment relapse and for triple wild-type patients who do not respond to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adam Almeida
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katie A Partyka
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Josianna V Schwan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karoline Lambert
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison Rogers
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steven E Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Allison J Applegate
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Carol M Amato
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yuchun Luo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David A Norris
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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14
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Taming the Notch Transcriptional Regulator for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020431. [PMID: 29462871 PMCID: PMC6017063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway in all metazoans, which is deeply involved in the regulation of cell fate and differentiation, proliferation and migration during development. Research in the last decades has shown that the various components of the Notch signaling cascade are either upregulated or activated in human cancers. Therefore, its downregulation stands as a promising and powerful strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors, blocking antibodies and oligonucleotides that hinder Notch activity, and their outcome in clinical trials. Although Notch was initially identified as an oncogene, later studies showed that it can also act as a tumor suppressor in certain contexts. Further complexity is added by the existence of numerous Notch family members, which exert different activities and can be differentially targeted by inhibitors, potentially accounting for contradictory data on their therapeutic efficacy. Notably, recent evidence supports the rationale for combinatorial treatments including Notch inhibitors, which appear to be more effective than single agents in fighting cancer.
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15
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Combined antitumor effect of γ-secretase inhibitor and ABT-737 in Notch-expressing non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 22:257-268. [PMID: 27816990 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of Notch by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) has been shown to have an antitumor effect in Notch-expressing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to induce apoptosis through modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. In particular, Bim, a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, has an important role in the induction of apoptosis in NSCLC when cells are treated with GSI. ABT-737, a BH3-only mimetic, targets the pro-survival Bcl-2 family and also induces apoptosis. METHODS The Notch-expressing NSCLC cell lines H460, A549, H1793, and HCC2429 were used. The combined antitumor effect of GSI and ABT-737 was evaluated using the MTT proliferation assay in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. The expression of the Notch pathway and Bcl-2 family was analyzed using Western blotting analysis when cells were treated with a single drug treatment or a combination treatment. RESULTS GSI XX or ABT-737 alone inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and combination drug treatment showed a synergistic antitumor effect in vitro. In vivo, this drug combination significantly suppressed tumor proliferation compared to the single drug treatment. Phospho-Bcl-2 was downregulated and Bax was upregulated by both the single and combination drug treatments. Bim was induced by a single drug treatment and was enhanced by combination treatment. Combination treatment-induced apoptosis was decreased by Bim inhibition, suggesting that the antitumor effect of the drug combination was dependent on Bim. CONCLUSION Based on our data, we propose that the combination treatment is a promising strategy for NSCLC therapy.
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16
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Cai Z, Zhao B, Deng Y, Shangguan S, Zhou F, Zhou W, Li X, Li Y, Chen G. Notch signaling in cerebrovascular diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2883-98. [PMID: 27574001 PMCID: PMC5042775 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of numerous fundamental cellular processes. Increasing evidence suggests that Notch signaling is involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, and thus in the progress of cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, Notch signaling in cerebrovascular diseases is associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis and the function of blood-brain barrier. Despite the contradictory results obtained to date as to whether Notch signaling is harmful or beneficial, the regulation of Notch signaling may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Deng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Shouqin Shangguan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Faming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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17
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Kumar R, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Golshayan D. Notch Antagonists: Potential Modulators of Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7719-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Transplantation
Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department
of Medicine and ‡University Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Transplantation
Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department
of Medicine and ‡University Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation
Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department
of Medicine and ‡University Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Delgado-Calle J, Anderson J, Cregor MD, Hiasa M, Chirgwin JM, Carlesso N, Yoneda T, Mohammad KS, Plotkin LI, Roodman GD, Bellido T. Bidirectional Notch Signaling and Osteocyte-Derived Factors in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment Promote Tumor Cell Proliferation and Bone Destruction in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1089-100. [PMID: 26833121 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, an overabundance of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow induces localized osteolytic lesions that rarely heal due to increased bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. Matrix-embedded osteocytes comprise more than 95% of bone cells and are major regulators of osteoclast and osteoblast activity, but their contribution to multiple myeloma growth and bone disease is unknown. Here, we report that osteocytes in a mouse model of human MM physically interact with multiple myeloma cells in vivo, undergo caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, and express higher RANKL (TNFSF11) and sclerostin levels than osteocytes in control mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that osteocyte apoptosis was initiated by multiple myeloma cell-mediated activation of Notch signaling and was further amplified by multiple myeloma cell-secreted TNF. The induction of apoptosis increased osteocytic Rankl expression, the osteocytic Rankl/Opg (TNFRSF11B) ratio, and the ability of osteocytes to attract osteoclast precursors to induce local bone resorption. Furthermore, osteocytes in contact with multiple myeloma cells expressed high levels of Sost/sclerostin, leading to a reduction in Wnt signaling and subsequent inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Importantly, direct contact between osteocytes and multiple myeloma cells reciprocally activated Notch signaling and increased Notch receptor expression, particularly Notch3 and 4, stimulating multiple myeloma cell growth. These studies reveal a previously unknown role for bidirectional Notch signaling that enhances MM growth and bone disease, suggesting that targeting osteocyte-multiple myeloma cell interactions through specific Notch receptor blockade may represent a promising treatment strategy in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Judith Anderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Meloney D Cregor
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John M Chirgwin
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Department of Pediatrics Indiana, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - G David Roodman
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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19
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Colombo M, Galletti S, Garavelli S, Platonova N, Paoli A, Basile A, Taiana E, Neri A, Chiaramonte R. Notch signaling deregulation in multiple myeloma: A rational molecular target. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26826-40. [PMID: 26308486 PMCID: PMC4694956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable neoplasia due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Myeloma cell localization in the bone marrow milieu allows direct interactions between tumor cells and non-tumor bone marrow cells which promote neoplastic cell growth, survival, bone disease, acquisition of drug resistance and consequent relapse. Twenty percent of MM patients are at high-risk of treatment failure as defined by tumor markers or presentation as plasma cell leukemia. Cumulative evidences indicate a key role of Notch signaling in multiple myeloma onset and progression. Unlike other Notch-related malignancies, where the majority of patients carry gain-of-function mutations in Notch pathway members, in MM cell Notch signaling is aberrantly activated due to an increased expression of Notch receptors and ligands; notably, this also results in the activation of Notch signaling in surrounding stromal cells which contributes to myeloma cell proliferation, survival and migration, as well as to bone disease and intrinsic and acquired pharmacological resistance. Here we review the last findings on the mechanisms and the effects of Notch signaling dysregulation in MM and provide a rationale for a therapeutic strategy aiming at inhibiting Notch signaling, along with a complete overview on the currently available Notch-directed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Galletti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Chiaramonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
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20
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Martowicz A, Kern J, Gunsilius E, Untergasser G. Establishment of a human multiple myeloma xenograft model in the chicken to study tumor growth, invasion and angiogenesis. J Vis Exp 2015:e52665. [PMID: 25993267 DOI: 10.3791/52665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignant plasma cell disease, remains incurable and novel drugs are required to improve the prognosis of patients. Due to the lack of the bone microenvironment and auto/paracrine growth factors human MM cells are difficult to cultivate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish proper in vitro and in vivo culture systems to study the action of novel therapeutics on human MM cells. Here we present a model to grow human multiple myeloma cells in a complex 3D environment in vitro and in vivo. MM cell lines OPM-2 and RPMI-8226 were transfected to express the transgene GFP and were cultivated in the presence of human mesenchymal cells and collagen type-I matrix as three-dimensional spheroids. In addition, spheroids were grafted on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos and tumor growth was monitored by stereo fluorescence microscopy. Both models allow the study of novel therapeutic drugs in a complex 3D environment and the quantification of the tumor cell mass after homogenization of grafts in a transgene-specific GFP-ELISA. Moreover, angiogenic responses of the host and invasion of tumor cells into the subjacent host tissue can be monitored daily by a stereo microscope and analyzed by immunohistochemical staining against human tumor cells (Ki-67, CD138, Vimentin) or host mural cells covering blood vessels (desmin/ASMA). In conclusion, the onplant system allows studying MM cell growth and angiogenesis in a complex 3D environment and enables screening for novel therapeutic compounds targeting survival and proliferation of MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Martowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University; Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute
| | - Johann Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University; Oncotyrol GmbH
| | | | - Gerold Untergasser
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute;
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Rossi M, Calimeri T, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Multiple myeloma-related bone disease: state-of-art and next future treatments. Int J Hematol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.14.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy associated with the development of life-threatening and/or severe osteolytic lesions, which significantly worsen the quality of life of affected patients. MM-related bone disease (BD) is the result of an overwhelming osteoclastic activity, while osteoblast-mediated bone formation is inhibited. Bisphosphonates are still the mainstay of therapy for BD. However, these drugs are associated with mid long-term sequelae. In this work, we review the pathogenesis and currently available therapies of MM-related BD. We describe the most recent and promising findings that may translate in changing the clinical practice in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University & Medical Oncology Unit, T. Campanella Cancer Center, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Calimeri
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University & Medical Oncology Unit, T. Campanella Cancer Center, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University & Medical Oncology Unit, T. Campanella Cancer Center, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University & Medical Oncology Unit, T. Campanella Cancer Center, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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22
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Garcia-Gomez A, Sanchez-Guijo F, del Cañizo MC, San Miguel JF, Garayoa M. Multiple myeloma mesenchymal stromal cells: Contribution to myeloma bone disease and therapeutics. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:322-343. [PMID: 25126382 PMCID: PMC4131274 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i3.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy in which clonal plasma cells proliferate and accumulate within the bone marrow. The presence of osteolytic lesions due to increased osteoclast (OC) activity and suppressed osteoblast (OB) function is characteristic of the disease. The bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a critical role in multiple myeloma pathophysiology, greatly promoting the growth, survival, drug resistance and migration of myeloma cells. Here, we specifically discuss on the relative contribution of MSCs to the pathophysiology of osteolytic lesions in light of the current knowledge of the biology of myeloma bone disease (MBD), together with the reported genomic, functional and gene expression differences between MSCs derived from myeloma patients (pMSCs) and their healthy counterparts (dMSCs). Being MSCs the progenitors of OBs, pMSCs primarily contribute to the pathogenesis of MBD because of their reduced osteogenic potential consequence of multiple OB inhibitory factors and direct interactions with myeloma cells in the bone marrow. Importantly, pMSCs also readily contribute to MBD by promoting OC formation and activity at various levels (i.e., increasing RANKL to OPG expression, augmenting secretion of activin A, uncoupling ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling, and through augmented production of Wnt5a), thus further contributing to OB/OC uncoupling in osteolytic lesions. In this review, we also look over main signaling pathways involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and/or OB activity, highlighting amenable therapeutic targets; in parallel, the reported activity of bone-anabolic agents (at preclinical or clinical stage) targeting those signaling pathways is commented.
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23
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Gamma-secretase inhibition attenuates oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis through increased Mcl-1 and/or Bcl-xL in human colon cancer cells. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1163-74. [PMID: 23887890 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a significant role in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stem cell processes. It is essential for maintenance of the normal colon crypt and has been implicated in colorectal cancer oncogenesis. Downregulation of the Notch pathway through gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) has been shown to induce apoptosis and enhance response to chemotherapy in a variety of malignancies. In this study, we analyzed the effect of MRK-003 (Merck), a potent inhibitor of gamma-secretase, on oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in colon cancer. Unexpectedly, gamma-secretase inhibition reduced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis while GSI treatment alone was shown to have no effect on growth or apoptosis. We determined that the underlying mechanism of action involved an increase in protein levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Mcl-1 and/or Bcl-xL which resulted in reduced Bax and Bak activation. Blocking of Mcl-1 and/or Bcl-xL through siRNA or the small molecule inhibitor obatoclax restored the apoptotic potential of cells treated with both oxaliplatin and MRK-003. Moreover, obatoclax synergized with MRK-003 alone to induce apoptosis. Our findings warrant caution when treating colon cancer with the combination of GSIs and chemotherapy, whereas other drug combinations, such as GSIs plus obatoclax, should be explored.
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Misso G, Zappavigna S, Castellano M, De Rosa G, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, Caraglia M. Emerging pathways as individualized therapeutic target of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13 Suppl 1:S95-109. [PMID: 23738692 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.807338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy, which causes significant morbidity due to organ damage and bone tissue destruction. In recent years, novel drugs have become available for MM therapy thanks to the growing knowledge of disease pathobiology. AREAS COVERED Intrinsic genetic lesions, as well as the bone marrow microenvironment, contribute to the activation of proliferation and survival pathways, impairment of cell death mechanisms and drug resistance. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the signaling pathways mainly involved in the MM development. In the last decade, several molecules interfering with growth and survival promoting signaling have been developed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the availability of novel therapeutics, MM still evolves into a drug-resistant phase and most patients die of progressive disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need of novel therapeutic strategies. Among a plethora of new investigational agents, microRNA (miRNA) represents the basis for the design of novel therapeutic strategies which basically rely on miRNA inhibition or miRNA replacement approaches and take benefit respectively from the use of miRNA inhibitors or synthetic miRNAs as well as from lipid-based nanoparticles as carriers for in vivo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Misso
- Second University of Naples, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Via S.M. Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
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25
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Shah MM, Zerlin M, Li BY, Herzog TJ, Kitajewski JK, Wright JD. The role of Notch and gamma-secretase inhibition in an ovarian cancer model. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:801-808. [PMID: 23482747 PMCID: PMC3893696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Notch pathway is dysregulated in ovarian cancer. We sought to examine the role of Notch and gamma-secretase (GS) inhibition in ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Established ovarian cancer cell lines were used. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine the relative expression of Notch receptor and ligands. Effects of GS inhibition on proliferation, colony formation, and downstream effectors were examined via methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) and Matrigel assays, and qPCR, respectively. In vivo experiments with a GS inhibitor and cisplatin were conducted on nude mice. Tumors were examined for differences in microvessel density, proliferation, and apoptosis. RESULTS Notch3 was the most up-regulated receptor. The ligands JAGGED1 and DELTA-LIKE4 were both up-regulated. GS inhibition did not affect cellular proliferation or anchorage-independent cell growth over placebo. The GS inhibitor Compound-E reduced microvessel density in vivo. CONCLUSION GS inhibition does not directly affect cellular proliferation in ovarian carcinoma, but Notch pathway blockade may result in angiogenic alterations that may be therapeutically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monjri M Shah
- 619 19th Street South, 176F Room 10250, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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26
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Mirandola L, Apicella L, Colombo M, Yu Y, Berta DG, Platonova N, Lazzari E, Lancellotti M, Bulfamante G, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M, Chiaramonte R. Anti-Notch treatment prevents multiple myeloma cells localization to the bone marrow via the chemokine system CXCR4/SDF-1. Leukemia 2013; 27:1558-66. [PMID: 23354012 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly hematopoietic malignancy characterized by proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and bone disease. Interactions between myeloma and BM cells facilitate tumor progression and resistance to therapies. CXCR4 and its ligand Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) have a primary role in this process and are associated with poor prognosis. The Notch pathway is active in myeloma cells, resulting in increased proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and osteolytic activity. We hypothesized that the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis mediates the effects of Notch signals in myeloma cells. Here we show that Notch positively controls CXCR4/SDF-1 expression and functions in myeloma cell lines, and that forced CXCR4 activation partially rescues tumor cells from the outcomes of Notch inhibition. Additionally, we provide evidences that Notch blocking in vivo significantly reduces BM infiltration by human myeloma cells in mouse xenografts. This is the first evidence that a Notch-targeted approach effectively prevents MM cell migration, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis by reducing CXCR4 and SDF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mirandola
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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GSI-I has a better effect in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth than GSI-IX, GSI-X, or GSI-XXI. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:683-90. [PMID: 22569108 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283549a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current studies are ongoing to find new drugs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The discovery of drugs depends on the identification of molecules that can play essential roles in the development of liver cancer, for example, Notch pathway molecules. γ-Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) can inhibit the cleavage of intramembranous substrates of all Notch receptors and subsequently suppress Notch signaling. However, whether the inhibition of the Notch pathway can suppress or promote HCC growth is still under debate. In this study, we examined the expression of Notch pathway molecules in 20 pairs of HCC tissue with their normal counterparts and a panel of eight HCC cell lines. We also determined the effects of different types of GSI treatments on the cell growth of those HCC cell lines. Our results showed that the molecules of the Notch pathway were expressed in six of the eight HCC cell lines. Those six HCC cell lines were more sensitive to GSI-I treatment than the nonexpression ones. Among the four inhibitors, GSI-X and GSI-XXI exerted no effect on HCC cells growth at all. GSI-IX inhibited the growth of four HCC cell lines at 40 μmol/l. In contrast, most of these HCC cell lines were susceptible to a low concentration of GSI-I (1.2 μmol/l) treatment. The suppressive effect of GSI-I on cell growth was because of the inhibition of C-Myc, a Notch target gene. In addition, 80% (16/20) of the specimens showed either an increased expression of at least one Notch receptor or an augmented expression of Jagged1 compared with their normal counterparts. Our study reports for the first time that different kinds of GSIs can block the growth of several HCC cell lines. Our finding suggests that GSI-I is a potential chemical reagent and warrants additional testing in liver cancer therapeutics.
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28
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Nars MS, Kaneno R. Immunomodulatory effects of low dose chemotherapy and perspectives of its combination with immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2471-8. [PMID: 22927096 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given that cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, many efforts have been directed toward discovering new treatments and approaches to cure or control this group of diseases. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for cancer; however, a conventional schedule based on maximum tolerated dose (MTD) shows several side effects and frequently allows the development of drug resistance. On the other side, low dose chemotherapy involves antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory processes that help host to fight against tumor cells, with lower grade of side effects. In this review, we present evidence that metronomic chemotherapy, based on the frequent administration of low or intermediate doses of chemotherapeutics, can be better than or as efficient as MTD. Finally, we present some data indicating that noncytotoxic concentrations of antineoplastic agents are able to both up-regulate the immune system and increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Taken together, data from the literature provides us with sufficient evidence that low concentrations of selected chemotherapeutic agents, rather than conventional high doses, should be evaluated in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Nars
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Stamelos VA, Redman CW, Richardson A. Understanding sensitivity to BH3 mimetics: ABT-737 as a case study to foresee the complexities of personalized medicine. J Mol Signal 2012; 7:12. [PMID: 22898329 PMCID: PMC3477050 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3 mimetics such as ABT-737 and navitoclax bind to the BCL-2 family of proteins and induce apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. There is considerable variability in the sensitivity of different cells to these drugs. Understanding the molecular basis of this variability will help to determine which patients will benefit from these drugs. Furthermore, this understanding aids in the design of rational strategies to increase the sensitivity of cells which are otherwise resistant to BH3 mimetics. We discuss how the expression of BCL-2 family proteins regulates the sensitivity to ABT-737. One of these, MCL-1, has been widely described as contributing to resistance to ABT-737 which might suggest a poor response in patients with cancers that express levels of MCL-1. In some cases, resistance to ABT-737 conferred by MCL-1 is overcome by the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins that bind to apoptosis inhibitors such as MCL-1. However, the distribution of the pro-apoptotic proteins amongst the various apoptosis inhibitors also influences sensitivity to ABT-737. Furthermore, the expression of both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins can change dynamically in response to exposure to ABT-737. Thus, there is significant complexity associated with predicting response to ABT-737. This provides a paradigm for the multiplicity of intricate factors that determine drug sensitivity which must be considered for the full implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios A Stamelos
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine & School of Pharmacy, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, Keele, ST4 7QB, UK.
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30
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Groth C, Fortini ME. Therapeutic approaches to modulating Notch signaling: current challenges and future prospects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:465-72. [PMID: 22309842 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated Notch signaling has been implicated in numerous human diseases, including a broad spectrum of cancers. Mutations in Notch1 are prevalent in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and abnormal expression of different human Notch receptors contributes to B-cell tumors as well as cancers of the breast, lung, pancreas, skin, prostate, colon, brain and other tissues. Several γ-secretase inhibitors, small chemical compounds that were initially developed to inhibit the activity of the γ-secretase aspartyl protease in Alzheimer's disease, are now being explored for their potential chemotherapeutic applications in Notch-associated cancers. An alternative approach involves the development of antibodies to inhibit specific Notch receptors, their activating ligands, or other components of the Notch pathway in tumors. Here we review recent progress and current challenges in the use of these strategies to modulate Notch signaling for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Groth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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31
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A role for bcl-2 in notch1-dependent transcription in thymic lymphoma cells. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:435241. [PMID: 22319533 PMCID: PMC3272787 DOI: 10.1155/2012/435241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch1 is a transcription factor important for T-cell development. Notch1 is active in double negative (DN) thymocytes, while being depressed in double positive (DP) thymocytes. Synchronously, the expression of Bcl-2 becomes downregulated during the transition from DN to DP thymocytes. We previously observed that overexpression of an intracellular active Notch1 (ICN) in Bcl-2-positive 2B4 T cells leads to the transcription of Notch1-regulated genes. However, these genes were not induced in Bcl-2-negative DP PD1.6 thymic lymphoma cells overexpressing ICN. Here we show that, when Bcl-2 is simultaneously introduced into these cells, Notch-regulated genes are transcribed. Only in the presence of both Bcl-2 and ICN, PD1.6 thymic lymphoma cells become resistant to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that Bcl-2 plays a role in modulating Notch1 function in T cells.
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32
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Ailawadhi S, Miecznikowski J, Gaile DP, Wang D, Sher T, Mulligan G, Bryant B, Wilding GE, Mashtare T, Stein L, Masood A, Neuwirth R, Lee KP, Chanan-Khan A. Bortezomib mitigates adverse prognosis conferred by Bcl-2 overexpression in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:1174-82. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.637212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikander Ailawadhi
- Division of Hematology, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute,
Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Taimur Sher
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University,
Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Barb Bryant
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals,
Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aisha Masood
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University,
Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University,
Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Asher Chanan-Khan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University,
Syracuse, NY, USA
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Farnoushi Y, Cipok M, Kay S, Jan H, Ohana A, Naparstek E, Goldstein RS, Deutsch VR. Rapid in vivo testing of drug response in multiple myeloma made possible by xenograft to turkey embryos. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1708-18. [PMID: 22045188 PMCID: PMC3242603 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The best current xenograft model of multiple myeloma (MM) in immune-deficient non-obese diabetic/severe-combined immunodeficient mice is costly, animal maintenance is complex and several weeks are required to establish engraftment and study drug efficacy. More practical in vivo models may reduce time and drug development cost. We recently described a rapid low-cost xenograft model of human blood malignancies in pre-immune turkey. Here, we report application of this system for studying MM growth and the preclinical assessment of anticancer therapies. Methods: Cell lines and MM patient cells were injected intravenously into embryonic veins on embryonic day 11 (E11). Engraftment of human cells in haematopoietic organs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and circulating free light chain. Results: Engraftment was detected after 1 week in all embryos injected with cell lines and in 50% of those injected with patient cells. Injection of bortezomib or lenalinomide 48 h after cell injection at therapeutic levels that were not toxic to the bone marrow dramatically reduced MM engraftment. Conclusion: The turkey embryo provides a practical, xenograft system to study MM and demonstrates the utility of this model for rapid and affordable testing therapeutics in vivo. With further development, this model may enable rapid, inexpensive personalised drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Farnoushi
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv Israel
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Sensitization of BCL-2-expressing breast tumors to chemotherapy by the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 109:2766-71. [PMID: 21768359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1104778108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the prosurvival protein BCL-2 is common in breast cancer. Here we have explored its role as a potential therapeutic target in this disease. BCL-2, its anti-apoptotic relatives MCL-1 and BCL-XL, and the proapoptotic BH3-only ligand BIM were found to be coexpressed at relatively high levels in a substantial proportion of heterogeneous breast tumors, including clinically aggressive basal-like cancers. To determine whether the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 that neutralizes BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W had potential efficacy in targeting BCL-2-expressing basal-like triple-negative tumors, we generated a panel of primary breast tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice and treated recipients with either ABT-737, docetaxel, or a combination. Tumor response and overall survival were significantly improved by combination therapy, but only for tumor xenografts that expressed elevated levels of BCL-2. Treatment with ABT-737 alone was ineffective, suggesting that ABT-737 sensitizes the tumor cells to docetaxel. Combination therapy was accompanied by a marked increase in apoptosis and dissociation of BIM from BCL-2. Notably, BH3 mimetics also appeared effective in BCL-2-expressing xenograft lines that harbored p53 mutations. Our findings provide in vivo evidence that BH3 mimetics can be used to sensitize primary breast tumors to chemotherapy and further suggest that elevated BCL-2 expression constitutes a predictive response marker in breast cancer.
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