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Tian Y, Tirrell MV, LaBelle JL. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Biomacromolecules through Intracellular Delivery of Nucleic Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102600. [PMID: 35285167 PMCID: PMC9232950 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules have long been at the leading edge of academic and pharmaceutical drug development and clinical translation. With the clinical advances of new therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acids, the array of medical applications of biomacromolecules has broadened considerably. A major on-going effort is to expand therapeutic targets within intracellular locations. Owing to their large sizes, abundant charges, and hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors, advanced delivery technologies are required to deliver biomacromolecules effectively inside cells. In this review, strategies used for the intracellular delivery of three major forms of biomacromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides, are highlighted. An emphasis is placed on synthetic delivery approaches and the major hurdles needed to be overcome for their ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - James L LaBelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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2
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Expression, Purification, Characterization and Cellular Uptake of MeCP2 Variants. Protein J 2022; 41:345-359. [PMID: 35546650 PMCID: PMC9122891 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is an intrinsically disordered protein, mutations in which, are implicated in the onset of Rett Syndrome, a severe and debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder. Delivery of this protein fused to the cell-penetrating peptide TAT could allow for the intracellular replenishment of functional MeCP2 and hence potentially serve as a prospective Rett Syndrome therapy. This work outlines the expression, purification and characterization of various TAT-MeCP2 constructs as well as their full-length and shortened eGFP fusion variants. The latter two constructs were used for intracellular uptake studies with subsequent analysis via western blotting and live-cell imaging. All purified MeCP2 samples exhibited high degree of stability and very little aggregation propensity. Full length and minimal TAT-MeCP2-eGFP were found to efficiently transduce into human dermal and murine fibroblasts and localize to cell nuclei. These findings clearly support the utility of MeCP2-based protein replacement therapy as a potential Rett Syndrome treatment option.
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Ranjan K, Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Pathak C. Cell-Penetrable Peptide-Conjugated FADD Induces Apoptosis and Regulates Inflammatory Signaling in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186890. [PMID: 32961826 PMCID: PMC7555701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is associated with the impediment of various cellular pathways, including apoptosis and inflammation. The adequate cytosolic expression of FADD is critical to the regulation of cancer cell proliferation. Importantly, cancer cells devise mechanisms to suppress FADD expression and, in turn, escape from apoptosis signaling. Formulating strategies, for direct delivery of FADD proteins into cancer cells in a controlled manner, may represent a promising therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. We chemically conjugated purified FADD protein with cell permeable TAT (transactivator of transcription) peptide, to deliver in cancer cells. TAT-conjugated FADD protein internalized through the caveolar pathway of endocytosis and retained in the cytosol to augment cell death. Inside cancer cells, TAT-FADD rapidly constituted DISC (death inducing signaling complex) assembly, which in turn, instigate apoptosis signaling. The apoptotic competency of TAT-FADD showed comparable outcomes with the conventional apoptosis inducers. Notably, TAT-FADD mitigates constitutive NF-κB activation and associated downstream anti-apoptotic genes Bcl2, cFLIPL, RIP1, and cIAP2, independent of pro-cancerous TNF-α priming. In cancer cells, TAT-FADD suppresses the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome priming and restricts the processing and secretion of proinflammatory IL-1β. Our results demonstrate that TAT-mediated intracellular delivery of FADD protein can potentially recite apoptosis signaling with simultaneous regulation of anti-apoptotic and proinflammatory NF-κB signaling activation in cancer cells.
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Min S, Kim K, Ku S, Park J, Seo J, Roh S. Newly synthesized peptide, Ara‐27, exhibits significant improvement in cell‐penetrating ability compared to conventional peptides. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3014. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro Tennessee USA
| | - Jeong‐Yoon Park
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd. Gyeonggi‐do Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul Korea
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Yang X, Wu X, Fang N, Liu X, Liu X, Yang L, Huang K, Luo A, Cai M, Wu F, Jiang H, Xu L. FOXO3 gene polymorphisms influence the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Chinese children. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2019-2026. [PMID: 31691337 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in children and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in certain genes influence risk of ALL. Although FOXO3 had been demonstrated to be involved leukemia, the role of FOXO3 polymorphisms was still not clear. In the present study, we explored the association of FOXO3 SNPs with ALL risk in Chinese children. We genotyped four polymorphisms (rs17069665 A>G, rs4945816 T>C, rs4946936 C>T, and rs9400241 A>C) of FOXO3 in 425 ALL cases and 1339 health controls. The associations were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Further analyses were performed to explore associations of rs17069665 and rs9400241 with ALL susceptibility in terms of age, gender, immunophenotype, minimal residual disease (MRD), and other clinical characteristics. We found rs17069665 related to the increased ALL risk (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.02-3.04), rs9400241 related to decreased ALL risk (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.64-0.99). The effects of rs17069665 on ALL risk were more predominant in males and children < 10 years, and patients with lower rates of platelet or neutrophil. As for rs9400241, the effects were more predominant in children < 10 years, and in patients with pre B ALL, positive MRD, anemia, or hepatomegaly. In conclusion, FOXO3 gene polymorphisms influence the risk of ALL in children and might be a potential biomarker for ALL susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mansi Cai
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Olney KC, Nyer DB, Vargas DA, Wilson Sayres MA, Haynes KA. The synthetic histone-binding regulator protein PcTF activates interferon genes in breast cancer cells. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:83. [PMID: 30253781 PMCID: PMC6156859 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence from genome-wide studies of cancer shows that chromatin-mediated epigenetic silencing at large cohorts of genes is strongly linked to a poor prognosis. This mechanism is thought to prevent cell differentiation and enable evasion of the immune system. Drugging the cancer epigenome with small molecule inhibitors to release silenced genes from the repressed state has emerged as a powerful approach for cancer research and drug development. Targets of these inhibitors include chromatin-modifying enzymes that can acquire drug-resistant mutations. In order to directly target a generally conserved feature, elevated trimethyl-lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), we developed the Polycomb-based Transcription Factor (PcTF), a fusion activator that targets methyl-histone marks via its N-terminal H3K27me3-binding motif, and co-regulates sets of silenced genes. Results Here, we report transcriptome profiling analyses of PcTF-treated breast cancer model cell lines. We identified a set of 19 PcTF-upregulated genes, or PUGs, that were consistent across three distinct breast cancer cell lines. These genes are associated with the interferon response pathway. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time a chromatin-mediated interferon-related transcriptional response driven by an engineered fusion protein that physically links repressive histone marks with active transcription. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0608-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Olney
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287-4501, AZ, USA
| | - David B Nyer
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Daniel A Vargas
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson Sayres
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287-4501, AZ, USA.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287-1701, AZ, USA
| | - Karmella A Haynes
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA.
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CPP-Assisted Intracellular Drug Delivery, What Is Next? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111892. [PMID: 27854260 PMCID: PMC5133891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 20 years, we have witnessed an unprecedented and, indeed, rather miraculous event of how cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), the naturally originated penetrating enhancers, help overcome the membrane barrier that has hindered the access of bio-macromolecular compounds such as genes and proteins into cells, thereby denying their clinical potential to become potent anti-cancer drugs. By taking the advantage of the unique cell-translocation property of these short peptides, various payloads of proteins, nucleic acids, or even nanoparticle-based carriers were delivered into all cell types with unparalleled efficiency. However, non-specific CPP-mediated cell penetration into normal tissues can lead to widespread organ distribution of the payloads, thereby reducing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and at the same time increasing the drug-induced toxic effects. In view of these challenges, we present herein a review of the new designs of CPP-linked vehicles and strategies to achieve highly effective yet less toxic chemotherapy in combating tumor oncology.
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Shin MJ, Kim DW, Jo HS, Cho SB, Park JH, Lee CH, Yeo EJ, Choi YJ, Kim JA, Hwang JS, Sohn EJ, Jeong JH, Kim DS, Kwon HY, Cho YJ, Lee K, Han KH, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Tat-PRAS40 prevent hippocampal HT-22 cell death and oxidative stress induced animal brain ischemic insults. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:250-262. [PMID: 27317854 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proline rich Akt substrate (PRAS40) is a component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and is known to play an important role against reactive oxygen species-induced cell death. However, the precise function of PRAS40 in ischemia remains unclear. Thus, we investigated whether Tat-PRAS40, a cell-permeable fusion protein, has a protective function against oxidative stress-induced hippocampal neuronal (HT-22) cell death in an animal model of ischemia. We showed that Tat-PRAS40 transduced into HT-22 cells, and significantly protected against cell death by reducing the levels of H2O2 and derived reactive species, and DNA fragmentation as well as via the regulation of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 expression levels in H2O2 treated cells. Also, we showed that transduced Tat-PARS40 protein markedly increased phosphorylated RRAS40 expression levels and 14-3-3σ complex via the Akt signaling pathway. In an animal ischemia model, Tat-PRAS40 effectively transduced into the hippocampus in animal brain and significantly protected against neuronal cell death in the CA1 region. We showed that Tat-PRAS40 protein effectively transduced into hippocampal neuronal cells and markedly protected against neuronal cell damage. Therefore, we suggest that Tat-PRAS40 protein may be used as a therapeutic protein for ischemia and oxidative stress-induced brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hern Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji An Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Bioceltran Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24234, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Bioceltran Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24234, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Heon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Yil Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Han
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Watanabe K, Fujiwara H, Kitamatsu M, Ohtsuki T. Photoinduced apoptosis using a peptide carrying a photosensitizer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3115-3118. [PMID: 27165853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecule, TatBim-Alexa, consisting of the HIV1 Tat cell-penetrating peptide, the Bim apoptosis-inducing peptide, and Alexa Fluor 546 was synthesized for photoinducion of apoptosis. The Alexa Fluor 546 was used as a photosensitizer and covalently attached at the C-terminus of TatBim peptide by the thiol-maleimide reaction. Photo-dependent cytosolic internalization of TatBim-Alexa and photo-dependent apoptosis using TatBim-Alexa were demonstrated in several kinds of mammalian cells including human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Watanabe
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hayato Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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High-Level Expression, Purification and Large-Scale Production of l-Methionine γ-Lyase from Idiomarina as a Novel Anti-Leukemic Drug. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5492-507. [PMID: 26308011 PMCID: PMC4557031 DOI: 10.3390/md13085492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Methionine γ-lyase (MGL), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, possesses anti-tumor activity. However, the low activity of MGL blocks the anti-tumor effect. This study describes an efficient production process for the recombinant MGL (rMGL) from Idiomarina constructed using the overexpression plasmid in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), purification, and large-scale production. The enzyme produced by the transformants accounted for 53% of the total proteins and accumulated at 1.95 mg/mL using a 500 L fermentor. The enzyme was purified to approximately 99% purity using a high-pressure mechanical homogenizer and nickel (Ni) Sepharose 6 Fast Flow (FF) chromatography. Then, the enzyme was polished by gel filtration, the endotoxins were removed using diethyl-aminoethanol (DEAE) Sepharose FF, and the final product was lyophilized with a vacuum freeze dryer at -35 °C. The specific activity of rMGL in the lyophilized powder was up to 108 U/mg. Compared to the control, the enzyme significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner as tested using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and induced cellular apoptosis as analyzed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in leukemia cells. This paper demonstrated the cloning, overexpression, and large-scale production protocols for rMGL, which enabled rMGL to be used as a novel anti-leukemic drug.
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Sun W, Lu Y, Gu Z. Advances in Anticancer Protein Delivery Using Micro-/ Nanoparticles. PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION : MEASUREMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR IN POWDERS AND OTHER DISPERSE SYSTEMS 2014; 31:1204-1222. [PMID: 27642232 PMCID: PMC5026193 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteins exhibiting anticancer activities, especially those capable of discriminately killing cancer cells, have attracted increasing interest in developing protein-based anticancer therapeutics. This progress report surveys recent advances in delivering anticancer proteins directly to tumor tissue for inducing apoptosis/necrosis or indirectly to antigen presenting cells for provoking immune responses. Protein delivery carriers such as inorganic particles, lipid particles, polymeric particles, DNA/protein based biomacromolecular particles as well as cell based carriers are reviewed with comments on their advantages and limitations. Future challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujin Sun
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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12
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Orzechowska EJ, Kozlowska E, Czubaty A, Kozlowski P, Staron K, Trzcinska-Danielewicz J. Controlled delivery of BID protein fused with TAT peptide sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:771. [PMID: 25326334 PMCID: PMC4210496 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cellular level of BID is critical for viability of numerous cancer cells. Sensitization of cells to anticancer agents by BID overexpression from adenovirus or pcDNA vectors is a proposed strategy for cancer therapy; however it does not provide any stringent control of cellular level of BID. The aim of this work was to examine whether a fusion of BID with TAT cell penetrating peptide (TAT-BID) may be used for controlled sensitization of cancer cells to anticancer agents acting through death receptors (TRAIL) or DNA damage (camptothecin). Prostate cancer PC3 and LNCaP, non-small human lung cancer A549, and cervix carcinoma HeLa cells were used in the study. METHODS Uptake of TAT-BID protein by cells was studied by quantitative Western blot analysis of cells extracts. Cells viability was monitored by MTT test. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and cytochrome c release assay. RESULTS TAT-BID was delivered to all cancer cells in amounts depending on time, dose and the cell line. Recombinant BID sensitized PC3 cells to TRAIL or, to lesser extent, to camptothecin. Out of remaining cells, TAT-BID sensitized A549, and only slightly HeLa cells to TRAIL. None of the latter cell lines were sensitized to camptothecin. In all cases the mutant not phosphorylable by CK2 (TAT-BIDT59AS76A) was similarly efficient in sensitization as the wild type TAT-BID. CONCLUSIONS TAT-BID may be delivered to cancer cells in controlled manner and efficiently sensitizes PC3 and A549 cells to TRAIL. Therefore, it may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent that enhances the efficacy of TRAIL for the treatment of prostate and non-small human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Joanna Orzechowska
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozlowska
- />Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Czubaty
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Staron
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Trzcinska-Danielewicz
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Zhu H. Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1327-34. [PMID: 25175498 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of forkhead box (FOX) proteins has been found in many genetic diseases and malignancies including leukemia. Leukemia is a common neoplastic disease of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the presence of immature leukocytes and is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer. Forkhead transcription factors, FOXM1 and FOXO family members (FOXOs), are important mediators in leukemia development. Aberrant expression of FOXM1 and FOXOs results in leukemogenesis. Usually the expression of FOXM1 is upregulated, whereas the expression of FOXOs is downregulated due to phosphorylation, nuclear exclusion and degradation in leukemia. On the one hand, FOXOs are bona fide tumor suppressors, on the other hand, active FOXOs maintain leukemia stem cells and stimulate drug resistance genes, contributing to leukemogenesis. FOXM1 and FOXOs have been proven to be potential targets for the development of leukemia therapeutics. They are also valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers in leukemia for clinical applications. This review summarizes the present knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms by which FOXM1 and FOXOs modulate leukemogenesis and leukemia development, the clinical relevance of these FOX proteins in leukemia and related areas that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
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Palacios F, Abreu C, Prieto D, Morande P, Ruiz S, Fernández-Calero T, Naya H, Libisch G, Robello C, Landoni AI, Gabus R, Dighiero G, Oppezzo P. Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by microRNA-22 results in CLL B-cell proliferation. Leukemia 2014; 29:115-25. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Haoues M, Refai A, Mallavialle A, Barbouche MR, Laabidi N, Deckert M, Essafi M. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor mediates apoptosis in BCG-infected macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1378-90. [PMID: 24712562 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced apoptosis of BCG-infected macrophages has been shown to induce stronger dendritic cell-mediated cross-priming of T cells, leading to higher protection against tuberculosis (TB). Uncovering host effectors underlying BCG-induced apoptosis may then prove useful to improve BCG efficacy through priming macrophage apoptosis. Her we report that BCG-mediated apoptosis of human macrophages relies on FOXO3 transcription factor activation. BCG induced a significant apoptosis of THP1 (TDMs) and human monocytes (MDMs)-derived macrophages when a high moi was used, as shown by annexin V/7-AAD staining. BCG-induced apoptosis was associated with dephosphorylation of the prosurvival activated threonine kinase (Akt) and its target FOXO3. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy showed translocation of FOXO3 to the nucleus in BCG-infected cells, concomitantly with an increase of FOXO3 transcriptional activity. Moreover, FOXO3 expression knock-down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially inhibited the BCG-induced apoptosis. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the expression profile of BCG-infected macrophages showed an upregulation of two pro-apoptotic targets of FOXO3, NOXA and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). Our results thus indicate that FOXO3 plays an important role in BCG-induced apoptosis of human macrophages and may represent a potential target to improve vaccine efficacy through enhanced apoptosis-mediated cross-priming of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Haoues
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LTCII, LR11IPT02, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia; Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 1068, Tunisia
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Rosich L, Saborit-Villarroya I, López-Guerra M, Xargay-Torrent S, Montraveta A, Aymerich M, Villamor N, Campo E, Pérez-Galán P, Roué G, Colomer D. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor NVP-BKM120 overcomes resistance signals derived from microenvironment by regulating the Akt/FoxO3a/Bim axis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Haematologica 2013; 98:1739-47. [PMID: 23850807 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.088849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway is constitutively activated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia mainly due to microenvironment signals, including stromal cell interaction and CXCR4 and B-cell receptor activation. Because of the importance of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, we investigated the activity of the NVP-BKM120, an orally available pan class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor. Sensitivity to NVP-BKM120 was analyzed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia primary samples in the context of B-cell receptor and microenvironment stimulation. NVP-BKM120 promoted mitochondrial apoptosis in most primary cells independently of common prognostic markers. NVP-BKM120 activity induced the blockage of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling, decreased Akt and FoxO3a phosphorylation leading to concomitant Mcl-1 downregulation and Bim induction. Accordingly, selective knockdown of BIM rescued cells from NVP-BKM120-induced apoptosis, while the kinase inhibitor synergistically enhanced the apoptosis induced by the BH3-mimetic ABT-263. We also found NVP-BKM120 to inhibit B-cell receptor- and stroma-dependent Akt pathway activation, thus sensitizing chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to bendamustine and fludarabine. Furthermore, NVP-BKM120 down-regulated secretion of chemokines after B-cell receptor stimulation and inhibited cell chemotaxis and actin polymerization upon CXCR4 triggering by CXCL12. Our findings establish that NVP-BKM120 effectively inhibits the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling pathway and disturbs the protective effect of the tumor microenvironment with the subsequent apoptosis induction through the Akt/FoxO3a/Bim axis. We provide here a strong rationale for undertaking clinical trials of NVP-BKM120 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients alone or in combination therapies.
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Zhao X, Dong Y, Zhao Z, Guo J, Liu J, Huang P, Dong D, Fan H, Guo Q, Yang X, Xu J, Li J, Fu L, Chen W. Intracellular delivery of artificial transcription factors fused to the protein transduction domain of HIV-1 Tat. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 90:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Interference with RUNX1/ETO leukemogenic function by cell-penetrating peptides targeting the NHR2 oligomerization domain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:297692. [PMID: 23865046 PMCID: PMC3707205 DOI: 10.1155/2013/297692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The leukemia-associated fusion protein RUNX1/ETO is generated by the chromosomal translocation t(8;21) which appears in about 12% of all de novo acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Essential for the oncogenic potential of RUNX1/ETO is the oligomerization of the chimeric fusion protein through the nervy homology region 2 (NHR2) within ETO. In previous studies, we have shown that the intracellular expression of peptides containing the NHR2 domain inhibits RUNX1/ETO oligomerization, thereby preventing cell proliferation and inducing differentiation of RUNX1/ETO transformed cells. Here, we show that introduction of a recombinant TAT-NHR2 fusion polypeptide into the RUNX1/ETO growth-dependent myeloid cell line Kasumi-1 results in decreased cell proliferation and increased numbers of apoptotic cells. This effect was highly specific and mediated by binding the TAT-NHR2 peptide to ETO sequences, as TAT-polypeptides containing the oligomerization domain of BCR did not affect cell proliferation or apoptosis in Kasumi-1 cells. Thus, the selective interference with NHR2-mediated oligomerization by peptides represents a challenging but promising strategy for the inhibition of the leukemogenic potential of RUNX1/ETO in t(8;21)-positive leukemia.
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Karube K, Tsuzuki S, Yoshida N, Arita K, Liu F, Kondo E, Ko YH, Ohshima K, Nakamura S, Kinoshita T, Seto M. Lineage-specific growth inhibition of NK cell lines by FOXO3 in association with Akt activation status. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:1005-1015.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Chronic HIV infection, which is primarily characterized by the progressive depletion of total CD4(+) T cells, also causes persistent inflammation and immune activation. This is followed by profound changes in cellular and tissue microenvironments that often lead to prolonged immune dysfunction. The global nature of this immune dysfunction suggests that factors that are involved in immune cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and maturation are all affected. Of particular interest is the transcriptional factor Foxo3a that regulates a number of genes that are critical in the development and the maintenance of T and B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Alterations in the microenvironment mediated by HIV infection cause significant increase in the transcriptional activity of Foxo3a; this has major impact on T cell and B cell immunity. In fact, recent findings from HIV infected individuals highlight three important points: (1) the alteration of Foxo3a signaling during HIV infection deregulates innate and adaptive immune responses; (2) Foxo3a-mediated effects are reversible and could be restored by interfering with the Foxo3a pathway; and (3) down-regulation of Foxo3a transcriptional activity in elite controllers (ECs) represents a molecular signature, or a correlate of immunity, associated with natural protection and lack of disease progression. In this review, we will discuss how HIV-infection altered microenvironments could result in impaired immune responses via the Foxo3a signaling pathway. Defining precisely the molecular mechanisms of how persistent inflammation and immune activation are able to influence the Foxo3a pathway could ultimately help in the development of novel approaches to improve immune responses in HIV infected subjects.
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van Grevenynghe J, Cubas RA, Noto A, DaFonseca S, He Z, Peretz Y, Filali-Mouhim A, Dupuy FP, Procopio FA, Chomont N, Balderas RS, Said EA, Boulassel MR, Tremblay CL, Routy JP, Sékaly RP, Haddad EK. Loss of memory B cells during chronic HIV infection is driven by Foxo3a- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3877-88. [PMID: 21926463 DOI: 10.1172/jci59211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of memory B cells occurs from the onset of HIV-1 infection and persists into the chronic stages of infection. Lack of survival of these cells, even in subjects being treated, could primarily be the consequence of an altered local microenvironment induced by HIV infection. In this study we showed that memory B cell survival was significantly decreased in aviremic successfully treated (ST) subjects compared with subjects who control viral load as a result of natural immunity (elite controller [EC]) or with uninfected control (HIV-) subjects. The lower survival levels observed in memory B cells from ST subjects were the result of disrupted IL-2 signaling that led to increased transcriptional activity of Foxo3a and increased expression of its proapoptotic target TRAIL. Notably, memory B cell survival in ST subjects was significantly enhanced by the addition of exogenous IL-2 in a Foxo3a-dependent manner. We further showed that Foxo3a silencing by siRNA resulted in decreased expression of TRAIL and apoptosis levels in memory B cells from ST subjects. Our results thus establish a direct role for Foxo3a/TRAIL signaling in the persistence of memory B cells and provide a mechanism for the reduced survival of memory B cells during HIV infection. This knowledge could be exploited for the development of therapeutic and preventative HIV vaccines.
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