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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Pan Y, Lv Z, Gou S. Discovery of N-(4-((6-(3,5- Dimethoxyphenyl)-9H-purine derivatives as irreversible covalent FGFR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116415. [PMID: 38643670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is an attractive target for cancer therapy, but existing FGFR inhibitors appear to hardly meet the demand for clinical application. Herein, a number of irreversible covalent FGFR inhibitors were designed and synthesized by selecting several five- and six-membered azaheterocycles as parent scaffold with different substituents to take over the hydrophobic region in the active pocket of FGFR proteins. Among the resulting target compounds, III-30 showed the most potent effect on enzyme activity inhibition and anti-proliferative activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Significantly, III-30 could inhibit the enzyme activity by achieving irreversible covalent binding with FGFR1 and FGFR4 proteins. It could also regulate FGFR-mediated signaling pathway and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to promote cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Moreover, III-30 had a good metabolic stability and showed relatively potent anti-tumor activity in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor mice model.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Mice
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Molecular Structure
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Purines/pharmacology
- Purines/chemistry
- Purines/chemical synthesis
- Drug Discovery
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Female
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Yanchang Pan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Zhaodan Lv
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China.
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Lin Q, Serratore A, Perri J, Roy Chaudhuri T, Qu J, Ma WW, Kandel ES, Straubinger RM. Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 correlates inversely with the efficacy of single-agent fibroblast growth factor receptor-specific inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1383-1403. [PMID: 37994108 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Elevated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activity correlates with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and poor prognosis. However, its potential as a therapeutic target remains largely unexplored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of selective pan-FGFR inhibitors (pan-FGFRi) were explored using in vitro and in vivo PDAC models ranging from gemcitabine-sensitive to highly gemcitabine-resistant (GemR). Gain-/loss-of-function investigations were employed to define the role of individual FGFRs in cell proliferation, migration, and treatment response and resistance. RESULTS The pan-FGFRi NVP-BGJ398 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and downregulated key cell survival- and invasiveness markers in multiple PDAC cell lines. Gemcitabine is a standard-of-care for PDAC, but development of resistance to gemcitabine (GemR) compromises its efficacy. Acquired GemR was modelled experimentally by developing highly GemR cells using escalating gemcitabine exposure in vitro and in vivo. FGFRi treatment inhibited GemR cell proliferation, migration, GemR marker expression, and tumour progression. FGFR2 or FGFR3 loss-of-function by shRNA knockdown failed to decrease cell growth, whereas FGFR1 knockdown was lethal. FGFR1 overexpression promoted cell migration more than proliferation, and reduced FGFRi-mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration. Single-agent FGFRi suppressed the viability and growth of multiple patient-derived xenografts inversely with respect to FGFR1 expression, underscoring the influence of FGFR1-dependent tumour responses to FGFRi. Importantly, secondary data analysis showed that PDAC tumours expressed FGFR1 at lower levels than in normal pancreas tissue. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Single-agent FGFR inhibitors mediate selective, molecularly-targeted suppression of PDAC proliferation, and their effects are greatest in PDAC tumours expressing low-to-moderate levels of FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Serratore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Perri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tista Roy Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene S Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Jiménez DJ, Javed A, Rubio-Tomás T, Seye-Loum N, Barceló C. Clinical and Preclinical Targeting of Oncogenic Pathways in PDAC: Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for the Deadliest Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2860. [PMID: 38474109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is commonly diagnosed in advanced stages and therapeutic interventions are typically constrained to systemic chemotherapy, which yields only modest clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine recent developments in targeted therapy tailored to address distinct molecular pathway alteration required for PDAC. Our review delineates the principal signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms implicated in the initiation and progression of PDAC. Subsequently, we provide an overview of prevailing guidelines, ongoing investigations, and prospective research trajectories related to targeted therapeutic interventions, drawing insights from randomized clinical trials and other pertinent studies. This review focus on a comprehensive examination of preclinical and clinical data substantiating the efficacy of these therapeutic modalities, emphasizing the potential of combinatorial regimens and novel therapies to enhance the quality of life for individuals afflicted with PDAC. Lastly, the review delves into the contemporary application and ongoing research endeavors concerning targeted therapy for PDAC. This synthesis serves to bridge the molecular elucidation of PDAC with its clinical implications, the evolution of innovative therapeutic strategies, and the changing landscape of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Jiménez
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aadil Javed
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ndioba Seye-Loum
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carles Barceló
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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5
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Lin Q, Serratore A, Niu J, Shen S, Roy Chaudhuri T, Ma WW, Qu J, Kandel ES, Straubinger RM. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 inhibition suppresses pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and chemotherapy-driven aggressiveness. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101064. [PMID: 38387284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often intrinsically-resistant to standard-of-care chemotherapies such as gemcitabine. Acquired gemcitabine resistance (GemR) can arise from treatment of initially-sensitive tumors, and chemotherapy can increase tumor aggressiveness. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and chemotherapy-driven tumor aggressiveness, which are understood incompletely. METHODS Differential proteomic analysis was employed to investigate chemotherapy-driven chemoresistance drivers and responses of PDAC cells and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) having different chemosensitivities. We also investigated the prognostic value of FGFR1 expression in the efficacy of selective pan-FGFR inhibitor (FGFRi)-gemcitabine combinations. RESULTS Quantitative proteomic analysis of a highly-GemR cell line revealed fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) as the highest-expressed receptor tyrosine kinase. FGFR1 knockdown or FGFRi co-treatment enhanced gemcitabine efficacy and decreased GemR marker expression, implicating FGFR1 in augmentation of GemR. FGFRi treatment reduced PDX tumor progression and prolonged survival significantly, even in highly-resistant tumors in which neither single-agent showed efficacy. Gemcitabine exacerbated aggressiveness of highly-GemR tumors, based upon proliferation and metastatic markers. Combining FGFRi with gemcitabine or gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel reversed tumor aggressiveness and progression, and prolonged survival significantly. In multiple PDAC PDXs, FGFR1 expression correlated with intrinsic tumor gemcitabine sensitivity. CONCLUSION FGFR1 drives chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness, which FGFRi can reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Andrea Serratore
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jin Niu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Tista Roy Chaudhuri
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Eugene S Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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6
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Yamauchi M, Ono A, Amioka K, Fujii Y, Nakahara H, Teraoka Y, Uchikawa S, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Okamoto W, Miki D, Kawaoka T, Tsuge M, Imamura M, Hayes CN, Ohishi W, Kishi T, Kimura M, Suzuki N, Arihiro K, Aikata H, Chayama K, Oka S. Lenvatinib activates anti-tumor immunity by suppressing immunoinhibitory infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:152. [PMID: 37880538 PMCID: PMC10600115 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib, a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, might exert antitumor effects via tumor immune modulation. However, changes in the tumor immune microenvironment induced by lenvatinib are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of lenvatinib on immune features in clinical samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Fifty-one patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who received lenvatinib monotherapy as first-line treatment were enrolled. We collected blood sample (n = 51) and tumor tissue (n, baseline/four weeks after treatment initiation/post-progression = 50/8/12). DNA, RNA, and proteins extracted from the tissues were subjected to multi-omics analysis, and patients were classified into two groups according to baseline immune status. Each group was investigated in terms of the dynamics of tumor signaling. We also longitudinally analyzed circulating immune proteins and chemokines in peripheral blood. RESULTS Here we show that lenvatinib has similar anti-tumor efficacy with objective response rate and progression-free survival in both Immune-Hot and Immune-Cold subtypes. Immune signatures associated with T-cell functions and interferon responses are enriched in the early phase of treatment, while signatures associated with immunoinhibitory cells are downregulated along with efficient vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor blockades. These findings are supported by imaging mass cytometry, T-cell receptor repertoire analysis and kinetics of circulating proteins. We also identify interleukin-8 and angiopoietin-2 as possible targets of intervention to overcome resistance to existing immunotherapies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the ability of lenvatinib to modulate tumor immunity in clinical samples of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Amioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kishi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kimura
- Oncology Department, HQs, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
- Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Kashyap MK, Mangrulkar SV, Kushwaha S, Ved A, Kale MB, Wankhede NL, Taksande BG, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Koppula S, Kopalli SR. Recent Perspectives on Cardiovascular Toxicity Associated with Colorectal Cancer Drug Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1441. [PMID: 37895912 PMCID: PMC10610064 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of cancer-related therapy that has a significant influence on patient outcomes and quality of life. The use of antineoplastic drugs to treat colorectal cancers (CRCs) is associated with a number of undesirable side effects including cardiac complications. For both sexes, CRC ranks second and accounts for four out of every ten cancer deaths. According to the reports, almost 39% of patients with colorectal cancer who underwent first-line chemotherapy suffered cardiovascular impairment. Although 5-fluorouracil is still the backbone of chemotherapy regimen for colorectal, gastric, and breast cancers, cardiotoxicity caused by 5-fluorouracil might affect anywhere from 1.5% to 18% of patients. The precise mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity associated with CRC treatment are complex and may involve the modulation of various signaling pathways crucial for maintaining cardiac health including TKI ErbB2 or NRG-1, VEGF, PDGF, BRAF/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, and the PI3/ERK/AMPK/mTOR pathway, resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis, ultimately damaging cardiac tissue. Thus, the identification and management of cardiotoxicity associated with CRC drug therapy while minimizing the negative impact have become increasingly important. The purpose of this review is to catalog the potential cardiotoxicities caused by anticancer drugs and targeted therapy used to treat colorectal cancer as well as strategies focused on early diagnosing, prevention, and treatment of cardiotoxicity associated with anticancer drugs used in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Kumar Kashyap
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 222001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Shubhada V. Mangrulkar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India; (S.V.M.); (M.B.K.); (N.L.W.)
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 222001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Mayur B. Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India; (S.V.M.); (M.B.K.); (N.L.W.)
| | - Nitu L. Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India; (S.V.M.); (M.B.K.); (N.L.W.)
| | - Brijesh G. Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India; (S.V.M.); (M.B.K.); (N.L.W.)
| | - Aman B. Upaganlawar
- SNJB’s Shriman Sureshdada Jain Collge of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nadik 423101, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Milind J. Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India; (S.V.M.); (M.B.K.); (N.L.W.)
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si 27478, Chungcheongbuk Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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8
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Yang T, Luo Y, Xu S, Li L. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Still an Interesting Target to Inhibit the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:497-518. [PMID: 37524956 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation is a critical event that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling such as hypertension, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Increasing evidences have revealed that VSMCs proliferation is associated with the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) by their ligands, including the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Moreover, some receptor tyrosinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been found and can prevent VSMCs proliferation to attenuate vascular remodeling. Therefore, this review will describe recent research progress on the role of RTKs and their inhibitors in controlling VSMCs proliferation, which helps to better understand the function of VSMCs proliferation in cardiovascular events and is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shangfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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9
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Fang YT, Yang WW, Niu YR, Sun YK. Recent advances in targeted therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:571-595. [PMID: 37123059 PMCID: PMC10134207 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i4.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of 8% and a median survival of 6 mo. In PDAC, several mutations in the genes are involved, with Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene (90%), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (90%), and tumor suppressor 53 (75%–90%) being the most common. Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 represents 50%. In addition, the self-preserving cancer stem cells, dense tumor microenvironment (fibrous accounting for 90% of the tumor volume), and suppressive and relatively depleted immune niche of PDAC are also constitutive and relevant elements of PDAC. Molecular targeted therapy is widely utilized and effective in several solid tumors. In PDAC, targeted therapy has been extensively evaluated; however, survival improvement of this aggressive disease using a targeted strategy has been minimal. There is currently only one United States Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapy for PDAC – erlotinib, but the absolute benefit of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine is also minimal (2 wk). In this review, we summarize current targeted therapies and clinical trials targeting dysregulated signaling pathways and components of the PDAC oncogenic process, analyze possible reasons for the lack of positive results in clinical trials, and suggest ways to improve them. We also discuss emerging trends in targeted therapies for PDAC: combining targeted inhibitors of multiple pathways. The PubMed database and National Center for Biotechnology Information clinical trial website (www.clinicaltrials.gov) were queried to identify completed and published (PubMed) and ongoing (clinicaltrials.gov) clinical trials (from 2003-2022) using the keywords pancreatic cancer and targeted therapy. The PubMed database was also queried to search for information about the pathogenesis and molecular pathways of pancreatic cancer using the keywords pancreatic cancer and molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wen-Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ya-Ru Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yong-Kun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Hebei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Langfang 065001, Hebei Province, China
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10
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Zhou C, Chen E, Jiang D, Wang N. Potato Alkaloids α-Solanine and α-Chaconine Promote bFGF and VEGF Expression in Vein and Adjacent Tissues in the Rabbit Model of Phlebitis. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221137381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic effect of mashed potato and its alkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ear venous vessels and adjacent tissues in a rabbit model of phlebitis. Materials and Methods: Japanese white rabbits were randomly allocated into control, vaseline cream (model), magnesium sulfate, mashed potato, α-solanine cream 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg, and α-chaconine cream 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg groups. The phlebitis model was established by intravenous infusion of vincristine in the rabbit ears. Group A received physiological saline. Group B−F was applied treatment 3 times/day, for 2 days along the ears vein. The alkaloid contents in α-solanine and α-chaconine were analyzed with HPLC. The bFGF, protein kinase C alpha (PKC-α), and VEGF expression in the ear vessels and nearby tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: After phlebitis modeling, the vascular endothelium of the rabbit ear vein was damaged or layered, the lumen was swollen and deformed to an oval or round shape, and the proportion of bFGF and VEGF positive areas in the vascular endothelium and adjacent tissues was higher than the control group. The phlebitis score shows that various treatments have certain effects, among which magnesium sulfate wet gauze and mashed potatoes are more effective. The application of α-solanine and α-chaconine cream promotes the expression of bFGF and VEGF, as well as PKC-α in the venous blood vessels and adjacent tissues, but mashed potatoes had little effect. Conclusion: α-solanine and α-chaconine cream can promote the expression of bFGF and VEGF in venous blood vessels and adjacent tissues, which may contribute to the recovery of blood vessels in phlebitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Zhou
- Nursing Department, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enliang Chen
- Orthopaedics Department, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daquan Jiang
- Orthopaedics Department, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Orthopaedics Department, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Lee J, Choi SR, Cho KH. Network Dynamics Caused by Genomic Alteration Determine the Therapeutic Response to FGFR Inhibitors for Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091197. [PMID: 36139037 PMCID: PMC9496101 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, FGFR inhibitors have been highlighted as promising targeted drugs due to the high prevalence of FGFR1 amplification in cancer patients. Although various potential biomarkers for FGFR inhibitors have been suggested, their functional effects have been shown to be limited due to the complexity of the cancer signaling network and the heterogenous genomic conditions of patients. To overcome such limitations, we have reconstructed a lung cancer network model by integrating a cell line genomic database and analyzing the model in order to understand the underlying mechanism of heterogeneous drug responses. Here, we identify novel genomic context-specific candidates that can increase the efficacy of FGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, we suggest optimal targets that can induce more effective therapeutic responses than that of FGFR inhibitors in each of the FGFR-resistant lung cancer cells through computational simulations at a system level. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of differential responses to FGFR inhibitors for optimal therapeutic strategies in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-350-4325; Fax: +82-42-350-4310
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12
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Small Molecule Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Advances and Challenges. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175537. [PMID: 36080304 PMCID: PMC9457820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to data provided by World Health Organization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cause of deaths due to cancer worldwide. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the last 10 years developing novel agents for HCC treatment, including small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Several small molecule inhibitors currently form the core of HCC treatment due to their versatility since they would be more easily absorbed and have higher oral bioavailability, thus easier to formulate and administer to patients. In addition, they can be altered structurally to have greater volumes of distribution, allowing them to block extravascular molecular targets and to accumulate in a high concentration in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, they can be designed to have shortened half-lives to control for immune-related adverse events. Most importantly, they would spare patients, healthcare institutions, and society as a whole from the burden of high drug costs. The present review provides an overview of the pharmaceutical compounds that are licensed for HCC treatment and other emerging compounds that are still investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. These molecules are targeting different molecular targets and pathways that are proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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13
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Zhang T, Zhang C, Fu Z, Gao Q. Immune Modulatory Effects of Molecularly Targeted Therapy and Its Repurposed Usage in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091768. [PMID: 36145516 PMCID: PMC9505720 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast evolution of anti-tumor agents embodies a deeper understanding of cancer pathogenesis. To date, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are three pillars of the paradigm for cancer treatment. The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) implies that reinstatement of immunity can efficiently control tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, only a fraction of patients benefit from ICI therapy, which turns the spotlight on developing safe therapeutic strategies to overcome the problem of an unsatisfactory response. Molecular-targeted agents were designed to eliminate cancer cells with oncogenic mutations or transcriptional targets. Intriguingly, accumulating shreds of evidence demonstrate the immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive capacity of targeted agents. By virtue of the high attrition rate and cost of new immunotherapy exploration, drug repurposing may be a promising approach to discovering combination strategies to improve response to immunotherapy. Indeed, many clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of the combination of targeted agents and immunotherapy have been completed. Here, we review and discuss the effects of targeted anticancer agents on the tumor immune microenvironment and explore their potential repurposed usage in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zile Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-21-6403-7181
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14
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Nairon KG, DePalma TJ, Zent JM, Leight JL, Skardal A. Tumor cell-conditioned media drives collagen remodeling via fibroblast and pericyte activation in an in vitro premetastatic niche model. iScience 2022; 25:104645. [PMID: 35811850 PMCID: PMC9257340 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary tumors secrete large quantities of cytokines and exosomes into the bloodstream, which are uptaken at downstream sites and induce a pro-fibrotic, pro-inflammatory premetastatic niche. Niche development is associated with later increased metastatic burden, but the cellular and matrix changes in the niche that facilitate metastasis are yet unknown. Furthermore, there is no current standard model to study this phenomenon. Here, biofabricated collagen and hyaluronic acid hydrogel models were employed to identify matrix changes elicited by pericytes and fibroblasts after exposure to colorectal cancer-secreted factors. Focusing on myofibroblast activation and collagen remodeling, we report fibroblast activation and pericyte stunting in response to tumor signaling. In addition, we characterize contributions of both cell types to matrix dysregulation via collagen degradation, deposition, and architectural remodeling. With these findings, we discuss potential impacts on tissue stiffening and vascular leakiness and suggest pathways of interest for future mechanistic studies of metastatic cell-premetastatic niche interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie G. Nairon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua M. Zent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Leight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Cancer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Cancer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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Nathan J, Shameera R, Palanivel G. Studying molecular signaling in major angiogenic diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2433-2450. [PMID: 35581517 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The growth of blood vessels from already existing vasculature is angiogenesis and it is one of the fundamental processes in fetal development, tissue damage or repair, and the reproductive cycle. In a healthy person, angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. However, when the balance is disturbed, it results in various diseases or disorders. The angiogenesis pathway is a sequential cascade and differs based on the stimuli. Therefore, targeting one of the factors involved in the process can help us find a therapeutic strategy to treat irregular angiogenesis. In the past three decades of cancer research, angiogenesis has been at its peak, where an anti-angiogenic agent inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a promising substance to treat cancer. In addition, cancer can be assessed based on the expression of angiogenic factors and its response to therapies. Angiogenesis is important for all tissues, which might be normal or pathologically changed and occur through ages. In clinical therapeutics, target therapy focusing on discovery of novel anti-angiogenic agents like bevacizumab, cetuximab, sunitinib, imatinib, lenvatinib, thalidomide, everolimus etc., to block or inhibit the angiogenesis pathway is well explored in recent times. In this review, we will discuss about the molecular signaling pathways involved in major angiogenic diseases in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Nathan
- Zebrafish Developmental Biology Laboratory, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India.
| | - Rabiathul Shameera
- Zebrafish Developmental Biology Laboratory, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India
| | - Gajalakshmi Palanivel
- Zebrafish Developmental Biology Laboratory, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India
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16
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Zheng J, Zhang W, Li L, He Y, Wei Y, Dang Y, Nie S, Guo Z. Signaling Pathway and Small-Molecule Drug Discovery of FGFR: A Comprehensive Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:860985. [PMID: 35494629 PMCID: PMC9046545 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.860985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a groundbreaking innovation for cancer treatment. Among the receptor tyrosine kinases, the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) garnered substantial attention as promising therapeutic targets due to their fundamental biological functions and frequently observed abnormality in tumors. In the past 2 decades, several generations of FGFR kinase inhibitors have been developed. This review starts by introducing the biological basis of FGF/FGFR signaling. It then gives a detailed description of different types of small-molecule FGFR inhibitors according to modes of action, followed by a systematic overview of small-molecule-based therapies of different modalities. It ends with our perspectives for the development of novel FGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zufeng Guo
- *Correspondence: Shenyou Nie, ; Zufeng Guo,
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17
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Distinct Response of Circulating microRNAs to the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts with FGFR and ALK Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061517. [PMID: 35326668 PMCID: PMC8945909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is typically detected at a late stage and thus shows only limited sensitivity to treatment, making it one of the deadliest malignancies. In this study, we evaluate changes in microRNA (miR) patterns in peripheral blood as a potential readout of treatment responses of pancreatic cancer to inhibitors that target tumor-stroma interactions. Mice with pancreatic cancer cell (COLO357PL) xenografts were treated with inhibitors of either fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase (FGFR; PD173074) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor (ALK; TAE684). While both treatments inhibited tumor angiogenesis, signal transduction, and mitogenesis to a similar extent, they resulted in distinct changes in circulating miR signatures. Comparison of the miR pattern in the tumor versus that in circulation showed that the inhibitors can be distinguished by their differential impact on tumor-derived miRs as well as host-derived circulating miRs. Distinct signatures that include circulating miR-1 and miR-22 are associated with the efficacy of ALK and FGFR inhibition, respectively. We propose that monitoring changes in circulating miR profiles can provide an early signature of treatment response or resistance to pathway-targeted drugs, and thus provide a non-invasive measurement to rapidly assess the efficacy of candidate therapies.
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18
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Jang B, Song HK, Hwang J, Lee S, Park E, Oh A, Hwang ES, Sung JY, Kim YN, Park K, Lee YM, Oh ES. Shed syndecan-2 enhances colon cancer progression by increasing cooperative angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Matrix Biol 2022; 107:40-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Terp MG, Jacobsen K, Molina MA, Karachaliou N, Beck HC, Bertran-Alamillo J, Giménez-Capitán A, Cardona AF, Rosell R, Ditzel HJ. Combined FGFR and Akt pathway inhibition abrogates growth of FGFR1 overexpressing EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:65. [PMID: 34267282 PMCID: PMC8282882 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00208-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is inevitable. Identification of resistance mechanisms and corresponding targeting strategies can lead to more successful later-line treatment in many patients. Using spectrometry-based proteomics, we identified increased fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression and Akt activation across erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib EGFR-TKI-resistant cell line models. We show that while combined EGFR-TKI and FGFR inhibition showed some efficacy, simultaneous inhibition of FGFR and Akt or PI3K induced superior synergistic growth inhibition of FGFR1-overexpressing EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. This effect was confirmed in vivo. Only dual FGFR and Akt inhibition completely blocked the resistance-mediating signaling pathways downstream of Akt. Further, increased FGFR1 expression was associated with significantly lower PFS in EGFR-TKI-treated NSCLC patients, and increased FGFR1 were demonstrated in a few post- vs. pre-EGFR-TKI treatment clinical biopsies. The superior therapeutic benefit of combining FGFR and Akt inhibitors provide the rationale for clinical trials of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel G Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Jacobsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Miguel Angel Molina
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Biotech, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain.,Global Clinical Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hans C Beck
- Center for Clinical Proteomics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jordi Bertran-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Biotech, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Giménez-Capitán
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Biotech, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés F Cardona
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clinica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Biotech, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Quiron-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol, Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark. .,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark. .,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
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20
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Xelwa N, Candy GP, Devar J, Omoshoro-Jones J, Smith M, Nweke EE. Targeting Growth Factor Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer: Towards Inhibiting Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683788. [PMID: 34195085 PMCID: PMC8236623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancers, ranking amongst the top leading cause of cancer related deaths in developed countries. Features such as dense stroma microenvironment, abnormal signaling pathways, and genetic heterogeneity of the tumors contribute to its chemoresistant characteristics. Amongst these features, growth factors have been observed to play crucial roles in cancer cell survival, progression, and chemoresistance. Here we review the role of the individual growth factors in pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Importantly, the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and chemoresistance is explored in the context of pivotal role played by growth factors. We further describe current and future potential therapeutic targeting of these factors.
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21
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Sun R, Kong X, Qiu X, Huang C, Wong PP. The Emerging Roles of Pericytes in Modulating Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676342. [PMID: 34179005 PMCID: PMC8232225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs), known as mural cells, play an important blood vessel (BV) supporting role in regulating vascular stabilization, permeability and blood flow in microcirculation as well as blood brain barrier. In carcinogenesis, defective interaction between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the formation of leaky, chaotic and dysfunctional vasculature in tumors. However, recent works from other laboratories and our own demonstrate that the direct interaction between PCs and other stromal cells/cancer cells can modulate tumor microenvironment (TME) to favor cancer growth and progression, independent of its BV supporting role. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that PCs have an immunomodulatory role. In the current review, we focus on recent advancement in understanding PC's regulatory role in the TME by communicating with ECs, immune cells, and tumor cells, and discuss how we can target PC's functions to re-model TME for an improved cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Role of FGF15 in Hepatic Surgery in the Presence of Tumorigenesis: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061421. [PMID: 34200439 PMCID: PMC8228386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-tumorigenic activity of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 (FGF15 in its rodent orthologue) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the unsolved problem that ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury supposes in liver surgeries, are well known. However, it has been shown that FGF15 administration protects against liver damage and regenerative failure in liver transplantation (LT) from brain-dead donors without tumor signals, providing a benefit in avoiding IR injury. The protection provided by FGF15/19 is due to its anti-apoptotic and pro-regenerative properties, which make this molecule a potentially beneficial or harmful factor, depending on the disease. In the present review, we describe the preclinical models currently available to understand the signaling pathways responsible for the apparent controversial effects of FGF15/19 in the liver (to repair a damaged liver or to promote tumorigenesis). As well, we study the potential pharmacological use that has the activation or inhibition of FGF15/19 pathways depending on the disease to be treated. We also discuss whether FGF15/19 non-pro-tumorigenic variants, which have been developed for the treatment of liver diseases, might be promising approaches in the surgery of hepatic resections and LT using healthy livers and livers from extended-criteria donors.
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Zeng H, Peng F, Wang J, Meng R, Zhang J. Effects of Fruquintinib on the Pluripotency Maintenance and Differentiation Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:180-190. [PMID: 34077681 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can maintain self-renewal and differentiate into any cell type of the three primary germ layers. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the regulation of mESC differentiation and induces the activation of a series of kinase responses and several cell signaling pathways by binding to its respective transmembrane receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR1, and VEGFR2. Fruquintinib is a selective inhibitor of VEGFRs, and we used it to investigate the effects on the maintenance of pluripotency and differentiation potential of mESCs in this study. Our results showed that fruquintinib-treated cells expressed higher levels of pluripotent markers, including Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Esrrb under serum and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) condition, whereas the expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2 was restricted. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) signaling inhibitor (PD0325901) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling inhibitor (CHIR99021) (also known as 2i) enable cells to maintain naive pluripotency with LIF, and fruquintinib can also promote cells to maintain naive pluripotent state even under serum/LIF condition, whereas VEGF addition limits the pluripotency characteristics in serum/LIF mESCs. Furthermore, fruquintinib could inhibit the three-germ layer establishment in embryoid body formation and maintain the undifferentiated characteristics of mESCs, indicating that fruquintinib could promote the maintenance of naive pluripotency and inhibit early differentiation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanke Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kim J, Park JH, Park SK, Hoe HS. Sorafenib Modulates the LPS- and Aβ-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response in Cells, Wild-Type Mice, and 5xFAD Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684344. [PMID: 34122447 PMCID: PMC8190398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is FDA-approved for the treatment of primary kidney or liver cancer, but its ability to inhibit many types of kinases suggests it may have potential for treating other diseases. Here, the effects of sorafenib on neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms were assessed. Sorafenib reduced the induction of mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines COX-2 and IL-1β by LPS in BV2 microglial cells, but in primary astrocytes, only COX-2 mRNA levels were altered by sorafenib. Interestingly, sorafenib altered the LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory response in BV2 microglial cells by modulating AKT/P38-linked STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathways. In LPS-stimulated wild-type mice, sorafenib administration suppressed microglial/astroglial kinetics and morphological changes and COX-2 mRNA levels by decreasing AKT phosphorylation in the brain. In 5xFAD mice (an Alzheimer’s disease model), sorafenib treatment daily for 3 days significantly reduced astrogliosis but not microgliosis. Thus, sorafenib may have therapeutic potential for suppressing neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
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Beeston HS, Klein T, Norman RA, Tucker JA, Anderson M, Ashcroft AE, Holdgate GA. Validation of ion mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry as a screening tool to identify type II kinase inhibitors of FGFR1 kinase. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021:e9130. [PMID: 34038603 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The protein kinase FGFR1 regulates cellular processes in human development. As over-activity of FGFR1 is implicated with cancer, effective inhibitors are in demand. Type I inhibitors, which bind to the active form of FGFR1, are less effective than type II inhibitors, which bind to the inactive form. Screening to distinguish between type I and type II inhibitors is required. METHODS X-ray crystallography was used to indicate whether a range of potential inhibitors bind to the active or inactive FGFR1 kinase conformation. The binding affinity of each ligand to FGFR1 was measured using biochemical methods. Electrospray ionisation - ion mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry (ESI-IMS-MS) in conjunction with collision-induced protein unfolding generated a conformational profile of each FGFR1-ligand complex. The results indicate that the protein's conformational profile depends on whether the inhibitor is type I or type II. RESULTS X-ray crystallography confirmed which of the kinase inhibitors bind to the active or inactive form of FGFR1 kinase. Collision-induced unfolding combined with ESI-IMS-MS showed distinct differences in the FGFR1 folding landscape for type I and type II inhibitors. Biochemical studies indicated a similar range of FGFR1 affinities for both types of inhibitors, thus providing confidence that the conformational variations detected using ESI-IMS-MS can be interpretated unequivocally and that this is an effective screening method. CONCLUSIONS A robust ESI-IMS-MS method has been implemented to distinguish between the binding mode of type I and type II inhibitors by monitoring the conformational unfolding profile of FGFR1. This rapid method requires low sample concentrations and could be used as a high-throughput screening technique for the characterisation of novel kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Beeston
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology & Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tobias Klein
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Richard A Norman
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Julie A Tucker
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Malcolm Anderson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Alison E Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology & Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Geoffrey A Holdgate
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
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Dissecting FGF Signalling to Target Cellular Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040847. [PMID: 33918004 PMCID: PMC8068358 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis with a 5 year survival rate of less than 8%, and is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Alongside late detection, which impacts upon surgical treatment, PDAC tumours are challenging to treat due to their desmoplastic stroma and hypovascular nature, which limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which form a key part of this stroma, become activated in response to tumour development, entering into cross-talk with cancer cells to induce tumour cell proliferation and invasion, leading to metastatic spread. We and others have shown that Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signalling can play a critical role in the interactions between PDAC cells and the tumour microenvironment, but it is clear that the FGFR signalling pathway is not acting in isolation. Here we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms by which FGFR signalling contributes to PDAC progression, focusing on its interaction with other pathways in signalling networks and discussing the therapeutic approaches that are being developed to try and improve prognosis for this terrible disease.
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Chen X, Li M, Li M, Wang D, Zhang J. Harnessing affinity-based protein profiling to reveal a novel target of nintedanib. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3139-3142. [PMID: 33634807 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nintedanib (BIBF1120), a triple angiokinase inhibitor, was first approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) therapy and is also efficacious for lung carcinoma, and interstitial lung diseases, far beyond its inhibition of VEGFR/PDGFR/FGFR. We identified tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 (TPP1) as one of the direct targets of nintedanib employing the affinity-based protein profiling (AfBPP) technique. This may be a new mechanism for nintedanib's role different from tyrosine kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Karki A, Berlow NE, Kim JA, Hulleman E, Liu Q, Michalek JE, Keller C. Receptor-driven invasion profiles in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab039. [PMID: 34013206 PMCID: PMC8117434 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a devastating pediatric cancer with unmet clinical need. DIPG is invasive in nature, where tumor cells interweave into the fiber nerve tracts of the pons making the tumor unresectable. Accordingly, novel approaches in combating the disease are of utmost importance and receptor-driven cell invasion in the context of DIPG is under-researched area. Here, we investigated the impact on cell invasion mediated by PLEXINB1, PLEXINB2, platelet growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α, PDGFRβ, epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), activin receptor 1 (ACVR1), chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and NOTCH1. Methods We used previously published RNA-sequencing data to measure gene expression of selected receptors in DIPG tumor tissue versus matched normal tissue controls (n = 18). We assessed protein expression of the corresponding genes using DIPG cell culture models. Then, we performed cell viability and cell invasion assays of DIPG cells stimulated with chemoattractants/ligands. Results RNA-sequencing data showed increased gene expression of receptor genes such as PLEXINB2, PDGFRα, EGFR, ACVR1, CXCR4, and NOTCH1 in DIPG tumors compared to the control tissues. Representative DIPG cell lines demonstrated correspondingly increased protein expression levels of these genes. Cell viability assays showed minimal effects of growth factors/chemokines on tumor cell growth in most instances. Recombinant SEMA4C, SEM4D, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, ACVA, CXCL12, and DLL4 ligand stimulation altered invasion in DIPG cells. Conclusions We show that no single growth factor-ligand pair universally induces DIPG cell invasion. However, our results reveal a potential to create a composite of cytokines or anti-cytokines to modulate DIPG cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Karki
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Noah E Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joel E Michalek
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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29
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Song X, Liu C, Wang N, Huang H, He S, Gong C, Wei Y. Delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems for cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:158-180. [PMID: 32360576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems are efficient and versatile gene editing tools, which offer enormous potential to treat cancer by editing genome, transcriptome or epigenome of tumor cells and/or immune cells. A large body of works have been done with CRISPR/Cas systems for genetic modification, and 16 clinical trials were conducted to treat cancer by ex vivo or in vivo gene editing approaches. Now, promising preclinical works have begun using CRISPR/Cas systems in vivo. However, efficient and safe delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems in vivo is still a critical challenge for their clinical applications. This article summarizes delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems by physical methods, viral vectors and non-viral vectors for cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy. The prospects for the development of physical methods, viral vectors and non-viral vectors for delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems are reviewed, and promising advances in cancer treatment using CRISPR/Cas systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Siyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Changyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Iesato A, Nucera C. Tumor Microenvironment-Associated Pericyte Populations May Impact Therapeutic Response in Thyroid Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:253-269. [PMID: 34664244 PMCID: PMC9839315 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and aggressive radioactive iodine refractory thyroid carcinomas still lack an effective treatment. A deeper understanding of tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment will be critical to establishing new therapeutic approaches. One of the important influencing factors of tumor heterogeneity is the diversity of cells in the tumor microenvironment. Among these are pericytes, which play an important role in blood vessel stability and angiogenesis, as well as tumor growth and metastasis. Pericytes also have stem cell-like properties and are a heterogeneous cell population, and their lineage, which has been challenging to define, may impact tumor resistance at different tumor stages. Pericytes are also important stroma cell types in the angiogenic microenvironment which express tyrosine-kinase (TK) pathways (e.g., PDGFR-β). Although TK inhibitors (TKI) and BRAFV600E inhibitors are currently used in the clinic for thyroid cancer, their efficacy is not durable and drug resistance often develops. Characterizing the range of distinct pericyte populations and distinguishing them from other perivascular cell types may enable the identification of their specific functions in the thyroid carcinoma vasculature. This remains an essential step in developing new therapeutic strategies. Also, assessing whether thyroid tumors hold immature and/or mature vasculature with pericyte populations coverage may be key to predicting tumor response to either targeted or anti-angiogenesis therapies. It is also critical to apply different markers in order to identify pericyte populations and characterize their cell lineage. This chapter provides an overview of pericyte ontogenesis and the lineages of diverse cell populations. We also discuss the role(s) and targeting of pericytes in thyroid carcinoma, as well as their potential impact on precision targeted therapies and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Iesato
- Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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31
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Specific Targeting of PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil ®) to Tumour Cells Using a Novel TIMP3 Peptide. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010100. [PMID: 33379361 PMCID: PMC7795762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline derivative that has been used as a chemotherapeutic in many different forms of human cancer with some success. However, doxorubicin treatment has several side-effects, the most serious of which is cardiomyopathy, that can be fatal. Doxorubicin encapsulation in PEGylated liposomes (Doxil®) has been shown to increase tumour localisation and decrease cardiotoxicity. Conversely, the stability of such liposomes also leads to increased circulation times and accumulation in the skin, resulting in palmar planter erythrodysesthesia, while also limiting release of the drug at the tumour site. Specific targeting of such liposomes to tumour cells has been attempted using various receptor-specific peptides and antibodies. However, targeting a single epitope limits the likely number of tumour targets and increases the risk of tumour resistance through mutation. In this report, Doxil® was coupled to peptide sequence p700 derived from tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3. This Doxil® -P700 complex results in an approximately 100-fold increase in drug uptake, relative to Doxil® alone, by both mouse and human breast cancer cells and immortalised vascular cells resulting in an increase in cytotoxicity. Using p700 to target liposomes in this way may enable specific delivery of doxorubicin or other drugs to a broad range of cancers.
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Wu J, Tao X, Zhang H, Yi XH, Yu YH. Estrogen-Induced Stromal FGF18 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells Through ERK and Akt Signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6767-6777. [PMID: 32801905 PMCID: PMC7414926 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether estrogen promoted the proliferation and invasion of endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells through paracrine FGFs in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Patients and Methods We screened gene alterations in a primary ESC culture after 10 nM estrogen treatment using an Agilent mRNA microarray. We knocked down stromal FGF18 expression in a co-culture system and aimed to explore the contribution of E2-induced stromal FGF18 to the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. To determine the effective receptors and detailed downstream signaling of FGF18, we co-cultured estrogen-treated hESCs with FGFR1-, FGFR2-, FGFR3- or FGFR4-knockdown Ishikawa cells. Finally, we detected FGF18 expression in clinical samples, including several primary cultures of different ESCs and a series of tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 90 patients with EC. Results A few genes altered significantly in estrogen-treated primary ESCs, but only FGF18 was noticeably enhanced among the FGF family genes. Knockdown of FGF18 expression in hESCs inhibited the promoting effect of FGF18 on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. FGF18 bound FGFR2 and FGFR3 in Ishikawa cells to activate downstream ERK and Akt pathways and to promote the viability of EC cells. The FGF18-FGFR2 and FGF18-FGFR3 pathways had close correlations with Survivin and CD44V6 expression but not with P53. Primary ESCs of endometrioid EC (EEC, type I EC) had higher FGF18 expression than ESCs of normal endometrium (NE), endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) and type II EC. Conclusion Estrogen induced FGF18 in ESCs to promote the proliferation and invasion of EC cells, and FGFR inhibitors should be considered as promising candidate targets for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Hua Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
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Yao Y, Liu Z, Zhao M, Chen Z, Li P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Long C, Chen X, Yang J. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 4-(3-chloro-4-(3-cyclopropylthioureido)-2-fluorophenoxy)-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxamide (WXFL-152): a novel triple angiokinase inhibitor for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1453-1475. [PMID: 32963943 PMCID: PMC7488503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiokinases, such as vascular endothelial-, fibroblast- and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (VEGFRs, FGFRs and PDGFRs) play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenesis therapy using multi-angiokinase inhibitor has achieved great success in recent years. In this study, we presented the design, synthesis, target identification, molecular mechanism, pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) research of a novel triple-angiokinase inhibitor WXFL-152. WXFL-152, identified from a series of 4-oxyquinoline derivatives based on a structure-activity relationship study, inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes by blocking the angiokinase signals VEGF/VEGFR2, FGF/FGFRs and PDGF/PDGFRβ simultaneously in vitro. Significant anticancer effects of WXFL-152 were confirmed in multiple preclinical tumor xenograft models, including a patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model. Pharmacokinetic studies of WXFL-152 demonstrated high favourable bioavailability with single-dose and continuous multi-dose by oral administration in rats and beagles. In conclusion, WXFL-152, which is currently in phase Ib clinical trials, is a novel and effective triple-angiokinase inhibitor with clear PD and PK in tumor therapy.
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Key Words
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- AUC, area under the plasma concentration–time curve
- Anti-angiogenesis therapy
- CE, collision energy
- CL, systemic clearance
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- Drug synthesis
- EC, vascular endothelial cell
- ECM, endothelial cell medium
- ERKs, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGFRs, fibroblast growth factor receptors
- HBVPs, human brain vascular pericytes
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MsOH, methane sulfonic acid
- Multi-angiokinase inhibitor
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PDB, protein data bank
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFRs, platelet-derived growth factor receptors
- PDX, patient-derived tumor xenograft
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PM, pericyte medium
- Pharmacokinetic
- QC, quality control
- RE, values and relative error
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition rate
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- Tmax, time the maximum concentration occurred
- Tumor
- ULOQ, up limit of quantitation
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFRs, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors
- Vdss, volume of distribution at steady state
- i.v., intravenous injection
- p.o., per os
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Manyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | - Peng Li
- WuXi AppTec Ltd. Shanghai 200131, China
| | | | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaofeng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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A novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib combined with irinotecan has in-vitro anti-tumor activity against human small-cell lung cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 31:1057-1064. [PMID: 32694423 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anlotinib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed independently in China. Its biological effects remain unclear in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of anlotinib in combination with irinotecan on H446 and H2227 SCLC cell lines and provide new treatment strategy for SCLC. Cell growth of two cell lines was inhibited by anlotinib, irinotecan and the combination in a dose-dependent manner. After 72 h incubation, the inhibition rate was greater in the combination group than all single drug group. A similar result was found when apoptosis was assessed after 12 h, but not after 6 h of treatment. Compared with single drug, combination drug suppressed the migration and invasion abilities in two cell lines; however, there was no difference between individual anlotinib or irinotecan. The colony formation rate was obviously lower in the combination group. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor were expressed in two cell lines after treatment regardless single or combination, but FGFR was expressed more after combination treatment than anlotinib. The expression of phosphorylated (p) ERK was decreased with anlotinib alone or combination treatment and pAKT expression was impaired with combination treatment, but not with anlotinib or irinotecan alone. The biological function of anlotinib and irinotecan may be mediated through the AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Additional investigations on biomarker-guided patient-stratification and elucidating individualized targets in patients anlotinib are urgently needed.
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Park JY, Kim PJ, Shin SJ, Lee JL, Cho YM, Go H. FGFR1 is associated with c-MYC and proangiogenic molecules in metastatic renal cell carcinoma under anti-angiogenic therapy. Histopathology 2020; 76:838-851. [PMID: 31990416 DOI: 10.1111/his.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of FGFR1 and c-MYC expression, particularly in relation to angiogenesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in-situ hybridisation were conducted with tissue microarrays from 91 metastatic CCRCC patients who received VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs). The expression of angiogenic molecules, FGFR1 and c-MYC, and tumoral vascular density (TVD) and mRNA expression and TVD of 533 CCRCCs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analysed. FGFR1, pFGFR1 and c-MYC expression was observed in 29.1, 74.4 and 30.8% of tumours, respectively. FGFR1high was an independent worse prognostic factor for overall (HR = 1.871, P = 0.032) and progression-free (HR = 1.976, P = 0.016) survival. FGFR1high was significantly related to VEGFR-TKI responsiveness (P = 0.011). The presence of FGFR1high /c-MYChigh showed a positive correlation with proangiogenic markers, including VEGF (P = 0.018) and HIF-1α (P < 0.0001). FGFR1high /c-MYChigh tumours showed higher TVDs together with higher VEGFR2 and PDGFR-β expression (both P < 0.0001). FGFR1 and c-MYC expression was also positively correlated with the expression of hypoxia-related and proangiogenic-related genes in the TCGA data. CONCLUSIONS FGFR1 and c-MYC may be involved in tumour angiogenesis and FGFR1 may represent a promising therapeutic target in metastatic CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Pil-Jong Kim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
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Pan YJ, Wan J, Wang CB. MiR-326: Promising Biomarker for Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10411-10418. [PMID: 31849530 PMCID: PMC6912009 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s223875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding and highly conserved RNAs that act in biological processes including cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, metabolism, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis. The previously identified miRNA-326 (miR-326) has been reported to participate in cellular apoptosis, tumor growth, cell invasion, embryonic development, immunomodulation, chemotherapy resistance, and oncogenesis. This review presents a detailed overview of what is known about the effects of miR-326 on cell invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, proliferation, apoptosis, and its involvement in signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jie Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Medicine School of Southeast University, The Third People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng224001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Medicine School of Southeast University, The Third People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng224001, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Hao HX, Wang H, Liu C, Kovats S, Velazquez R, Lu H, Pant B, Shirley M, Meyer MJ, Pu M, Lim J, Fleming M, Alexander L, Farsidjani A, LaMarche MJ, Moody S, Silver SJ, Caponigro G, Stuart DD, Abrams TJ, Hammerman PS, Williams J, Engelman JA, Goldoni S, Mohseni M. Tumor Intrinsic Efficacy by SHP2 and RTK Inhibitors in KRAS-Mutant Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2368-2380. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Nguyen T, Duchesne L, Sankara Narayana GHN, Boggetto N, Fernig DD, Uttamrao Murade C, Ladoux B, Mège RM. Enhanced cell-cell contact stability and decreased N-cadherin-mediated migration upon fibroblast growth factor receptor-N-cadherin cross talk. Oncogene 2019; 38:6283-6300. [PMID: 31312021 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-cadherin adhesion has been reported to enhance cancer and neuronal cell migration either by mediating actomyosin-based force transduction or initiating fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-dependent biochemical signalling. Here we show that FGFR1 reduces N-cadherin-mediated cell migration. Both proteins are co-stabilised at cell-cell contacts through direct interaction. As a consequence, cell adhesion is strengthened, limiting the migration of cells on N-cadherin. Both the inhibition of migration and the stabilisation of cell adhesions require the FGFR activity stimulated by N-cadherin engagement. FGFR1 stabilises N-cadherin at the cell membrane through a pathway involving Src and p120. Moreover, FGFR1 stimulates the anchoring of N-cadherin to actin. We found that the migratory behaviour of cells depends on an optimum balance between FGFR-regulated N-cadherin adhesion and actin dynamics. Based on these findings we propose a positive feed-back loop between N-cadherin and FGFR at adhesion sites limiting N-cadherin-based single-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nguyen
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Laurence Duchesne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Nicole Boggetto
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - David D Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrated Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Single-Cell Receptor Quantification of an In Vitro Coculture Angiogenesis Model Reveals VEGFR, NRP1, Tie2, and PDGFR Regulation and Endothelial Heterogeneity. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is essential for both normal development and numerous pathologies. Systems biology has offered a unique approach to study angiogenesis by profiling tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) that regulate angiogenic processes and computationally modeling RTK signaling pathways. Historically, this systems biology approach has been applied on ex vivo angiogenesis assays, however, these assays are difficult to quantify and limited in their potential of temporal analysis. In this study, we adopted a simple two-dimensional angiogenesis assay comprised of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and examined temporal dynamics of a panel of six RTKs and cell heterogeneity up to 17 days. We observed ~2700 VEGFR1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1) per cell on 24-h-old cocultured HDF plasma membranes, which do not express VEGFR when cultured alone. We observed 4000–8100 VEGFR2 per cell on cocultured HUVEC plasma membranes throughout endothelial tube formation. We showed steady increase of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) on cocultured HDF plasma membranes, and more interestingly, 1900–2900 PDGFRβ per plasma membrane were found on HUVECs within the first six hours of coculturing. These quantitative findings will offer us insights into molecular regulation during angiogenesis and help assess in vitro tube formation models and their physiological relevance.
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40
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Kang X, Lin Z, Xu M, Pan J, Wang ZW. Deciphering role of FGFR signalling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12605. [PMID: 30945363 PMCID: PMC6536421 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, fibroblast growth factors are identified to play a vital role in the development and progression of human pancreatic cancer. FGF pathway is critical involved in numerous cellular processes through regulation of its downstream targets, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. In this review article, we describe recent advances of FGFR signalling pathway in pancreatic carcinogenesis and progression. Moreover, we highlight the available chemical inhibitors of FGFR pathway for potential treatment of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we discuss whether targeting FGFR pathway is a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodiao Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and FGF-2/FGFR-1 but not PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β play important roles in promoting immature and inflammatory intraplaque angiogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201395. [PMID: 30125282 PMCID: PMC6101364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various angiogenic factors have been shown to play important roles in intraplaque angiogenesis, while little is known about the dynamic expression change and interplay between various angiogenic factors and intraplaque angiogenesis under high cholesterol conditions. New Zealand rabbits underwent balloon injury of the abdominal artery and then were assigned to a control group (n = 15, normal chow) or high cholesterol group (n = 25, 1% high cholesterol diet). At weeks 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 after acclimation, rabbits (high cholesterol group, n = 5; control group, n = 3) were euthanized. No lesions were observed in the control group. From week 4 to week 12, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), FGF receptor 1 (FGFR-1), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the vulnerability index (VI) and the microvessel density (MVD) were significantly elevated in the high cholesterol group; however, PDGF receptor β (PDGFR-β) expression showed little change. Analysis by double-label immunofluorescence (CD31 and Ng2) and FITC-dextran indicated that the neovessels within the plaque were leaky due to a lack of pericytes. As indicated by Pearson’s correlation analysis, there was a highly positive correlation between the VI, MVD, macrophage content, and TNF-α level, and the levels of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and FGF-2/FGFR-1. However, no correlations were observed between PDGFR-β levels and the VI or MVD. High expression of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and FGF-2/FGFR-1 but not of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β may contribute to immature and inflammatory intraplaque angiogenesis and plaque instability in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis.
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42
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Sun M, Kang L, Cui Y, Li G. Application of a novel targeting nanoparticle contrast agent combined with magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1216-1224. [PMID: 30116372 PMCID: PMC6090224 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a severe disease with macroscopic visible mucin secretion that primarily occurs in biliary tracts or pancreatic ducts. In comparison with standard diagnostic imaging, probing the molecular abnormalities associated with the initial stages of diseases rather than imaging the end effects markedly improves the accuracy of diagnosis. In the present study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with the contrast agent PEGylated magnetoliposome consisting of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) and target molecules of IPMN were investigated in the diagnosis of patients with suspected IPMN. The present investigation indicated that the novel targeting nanoparticle contrast agent targeted platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β and RET, and maintained a high affinity with tumor markers located on the IPMN surface. The novel targeting nanoparticle contrast agent combined with MRI exhibited increased sensitivity in diagnosing early-stage patients with IPMN. Furthermore, image quality was improved following the use of the novel targeting nanoparticle contrast agent combined with MRI compared with standard MRI. The targeting nanoparticle contrast agent retained sufficient affinity and was present for an adequate amount of time to observe the tumor mass in papillae using MRI. Notably, the targeting nanoparticle contrast agent was metabolized at 12 h post-injection. In conclusion, these outcomes indicate that the novel targeting nanoparticle contrast agent combined with MRI improved image quality and sensitivity compared with standard MRI, which suggests that this approach may be promising for clinical detection in patients with suspected IPMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- NMR Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Kang
- NMR Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Yanchao Cui
- Emergency Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Guoce Li
- NMR Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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43
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Che J, Wang Z, Sheng H, Huang F, Dong X, Hu Y, Xie X, Hu Y. Ligand-based pharmacophore model for the discovery of novel CXCR2 antagonists as anti-cancer metastatic agents. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180176. [PMID: 30109074 PMCID: PMC6083693 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is considered a fatal progression of cancer worldwide. It has been shown that a key player in this scenario is the CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2). To identify novel CXCR2 antagonists, a pharmacophore model was built with the HipHop program by screening a database containing compounds which were designed based on the known structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the diarylurea series CXCR2 antagonists. Compound 1a bearing the novel skeleton was selected from database screening and subjected to the in vitro biological test which showed a moderate CXCR2 antagonist potential. With further modification and exploration of SAR, compound 1e demonstrated improved CXCR2 antagonist activity with an IC50 value of 14.8 µM. Furthermore, wound healing assay using the NCI-H1299 cell line indicated that 1e showed an excellent anti-cancer metastatic effect (72% inhibition in cell migration at 50 µg ml-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Sheng
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhong Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Xin Xie e-mail:
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Yongzhou Hu e-mail:
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel 2-benzamide-4-(6-oxy-N-methyl-1-naphthamide)-pyridine derivatives as potent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:9-28. [PMID: 29775937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the phase II clinical FGFR inhibitor lucitanib (2), we conducted a medicinal chemistry approach by opening the central quinoline skeleton coupled with a scaffold hopping process thus leading to a series of novel 2-benzamide-4-(6-oxy-N-methyl-1-naphthamide)-pyridine derivatives. Compound 25a was identified to show selective and equally high potency against FGFR1/2 and VEGFR2 with IC50 values less than 5.0 nM. Significant antiproliferative effects on both FGFR1/2 and VEGFR2 aberrant cancer cells were observed. In the SNU-16 xenograft model, compound 25a showed tumor growth inhibition rates of 25.0% and 81.0% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively, with 5% and 10%body weight loss. In view of the synergistic potential of FGFs and VEGFs in tumor angiogenesis observed in preclinical studies, the FGFR/VEGFR2 dual inhibitor 25a may achieve better clinical benefits.
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45
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Inhibition of mTORC2 component RICTOR impairs tumor growth in pancreatic cancer models. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24491-24505. [PMID: 28445935 PMCID: PMC5421865 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and its regulatory component Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) are increasingly recognized as important players in human cancer development and progression. However, the role of RICTOR in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unclear so far. Here, we sought to analyze the effects of RICTOR inhibition in human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RICTOR expression was determined in human PDAC samples. Results demonstrate that depletion of RICTOR with siRNA (transient knock-down) or shRNA (stable knock-down) has an inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vitro. Moreover, RICTOR inhibition led to impaired phosphorylation/activity of AGC kinases (AKT, SGK1). Interestingly, hypoxia-induced expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) was diminished and secretion of vascular-endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) was impaired upon targeting RICTOR. Stable RICTOR knock-down led to significant inhibition of tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models which was accompanied by significant reduction of tumor cell proliferation. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses of 85 human PDAC samples revealed significantly poorer survival in patients with higher RICTOR expression. In conclusion, these findings provide first evidence for mTORC2/RICTOR as an attractive novel target for treatment of human PDAC.
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46
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 induced resistance to radiation therapy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69976-69990. [PMID: 27650548 PMCID: PMC5342528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is upregulated and acts as an oncogene. This study investigated the impact of this receptor on the response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy by analyzing its levels in rectal tumors of patients with different responses to the therapy. Cellular mechanisms of FGFR4-induced radioresistance were analyzed by silencing or over-expressing FGFR4 in CRC cell line models. Our findings showed that the FGFR4 staining score was significantly higher in pre-treatment biopsies of non-responsive than responsive patients. Similarly, high expression of FGFR4 inhibited radiation response in cell line models. Silencing or inhibition of FGFR4 resulted in a reduction of RAD51 levels and decreased survival in radioresistant HT29 cells. Increased RAD51 expression rescued cells in the siFGFR4-group. In radiosensitive SW480 and DLD1 cells, enforced expression of FGFR4 stabilized RAD51 protein levels resulting in enhanced clearance of γ-H2AX foci and increased cell survival in the mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient SW480 cells. MMR-deficient DLD1 cells are defective in homologous recombination repair and no FGFR4-induced radioresistance was observed. Based on our results, FGFR4 may serve as a predictive marker to select CRC patients with MMR-proficient tumors who may benefit from pre-operative radiotherapy.
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Anlotinib inhibits angiogenesis via suppressing the activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and FGFR1. Gene 2018; 654:77-86. [PMID: 29454091 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells recruit vascular endothelial cells and circulating endothelial progenitor cells to form new vessels to support their own growth and metastasis. VEGF, PDGF-BB and FGF-2 are three major pro-angiogenic factors and applied to promote angiogenesis. In this research, we demonstrated that anlotinib, a potent multi-tyrosine kinases inhibitor (TKI), showed a significant inhibitory effect on VEGF/PDGF-BB/FGF-2-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Wound healing assay, chamber directional migration assay and tube formation assay indicated that anlotinib inhibited VEGF/PDGF-BB/FGF-2-induced cell migration and formation of capillary-like tubes in endothelial cells. Furthermore, anlotinib suppressed blood vessels sprout and microvessel density in rat aortic ring assay and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Importantly, according to our study, the anti-angiogenic effect of anlotinib is superior to sunitinib, sorafenib and nintedanib, which are three main anti-angiogenesis drugs in clinic. Mechanistically, anlotinib inhibits the activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and FGFR1 as well their common downstream ERK signaling. Therefore, anlotinib is a potential agent to inhibit angiogenesis and be applied to tumor therapy.
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48
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 3 expression is associated with regulatory PI3K/AKT kinase activity, as well as invasion and prognosis, in human laryngeal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:253-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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49
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Redundant angiogenic signaling and tumor drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 36:47-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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