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Matsumoto S, Kikuchi A. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in liver biology and tumorigenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:466-481. [PMID: 38379098 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls fundamental physiological and pathological processes by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway enables liver homeostasis by inducing differentiation and contributes to liver-specific features such as metabolic zonation and regeneration. In contrast, abnormalities in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promote the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Similarly, hepatoblastoma, the most common childhood liver cancer, is frequently associated with β-catenin mutations, which activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. HCCs with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have unique gene expression patterns and pathological and clinical features. Accordingly, they are highly differentiated with retaining hepatocyte-like characteristics and tumorigenic. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC also alters the state of immune cells, causing "immune evasion" with inducing resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have recently become widely used to treat HCC. Activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling exhibits these phenomena in liver tumorigenesis through the expression of downstream target genes, and the molecular basis is still poorly understood. In this review, we describe the physiological roles of Wnt/b-catenin signaling and then discuss their characteristic changes by the abnormal activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling. Clarification of the mechanism would contribute to the development of therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsumoto
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center of Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Truong TTK, Fujii S, Nagano R, Hasegawa K, Kokura M, Chiba Y, Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Kiyoshima T. Arl4c is involved in tooth germ development through osteoblastic/ameloblastic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:167-174. [PMID: 37703759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Murine tooth germ development proceeds in continuous sequential steps with reciprocal interactions between the odontogenic epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme, and several growth factor signaling pathways and their activation are required for tooth germ development. The expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-like 4c (Arl4c) has been shown to induce cell proliferation, and is thereby involved in epithelial morphogenesis and tumorigenesis. In contrast, the other functions of Arl4c (in addition to cellular growth) are largely unknown. Although we recently demonstrated the involvement of the upregulated expression of Arl4c in the proliferation of ameloblastomas, which have the same origin as odontogenic epithelium, its effect on tooth germ development remains unclear. In the present study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that the expression of Arl4c, among 17 members of the Arf-family, was specifically detected in odontogenic epithelial cells, such as those of the stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum and outer enamel epithelium, of postnatal day 1 (P1) mouse molars. scRNA-seq analysis also demonstrated the higher expression of Arl4c in non-ameloblast and inner enamel epithelium, which include immature cells, of P7 mouse incisors. In the mouse tooth germ rudiment culture, treatment with SecinH3 (an inhibitor of the ARNO/Arf6 pathway) reduced the size, width and cusp height of the tooth germ and the thickness of the eosinophilic layer, which would involve the synthesis of dentin and enamel matrix organization. In addition, loss-of-function experiments using siRNAs and shRNA revealed that the expression of Arl4c was involved in cell proliferation and osteoblastic cytodifferentiation in odontogenic epithelial cells. Finally, RNA-seq analysis with a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that osteoblastic differentiation-related gene sets and/or GO terms were downregulated in shArl4c-expressing odontogenic epithelial cells. These results suggest that the Arl4c-ARNO/Arf6 pathway axis contributes to tooth germ development through osteoblastic/ameloblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Thi Kim Truong
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Kokura
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Need Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Matsumoto S, Harada A, Seta M, Akita M, Gon H, Fukumoto T, Kikuchi A. Wnt Signaling Stimulates Cooperation between GREB1 and HNF4α to Promote Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2312-2327. [PMID: 37347203 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is known to maintain two cell states, hepatocyte differentiation and proliferation, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On the other hand, activation of Wnt signaling in colon cancer promotes uncontrollable stereotypic proliferation, whereas cells remain undifferentiated. To elucidate the unique mode of Wnt signaling in HCC, we comprehensively investigated HCC-specific Wnt pathway target genes and identified GREB1. Wnt signaling induced expression of GREB1 coupled with HNF4α and FOXA2, master transcription factors that maintain hepatic differentiation. Moreover, GREB1 was enriched at the regulatory region of atypical HNF4α target genes, including progrowth genes, thereby stimulating HCC proliferation. Therefore, GREB1 acts as a unique mediator of versatile Wnt signaling in HCC progression, bridging the roles of the Wnt pathway in differentiation and proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE GREB1 is a liver cancer-specific Wnt signaling target gene that induces an oncogenic shift of HNF4α, a putative tumor suppressor, and may represent a therapeutic target in Wnt-activated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsumoto
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akikazu Harada
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minami Seta
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Akita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Gon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Fukumoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center of Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Alkhatib DZR, Thi Kim Truong T, Fujii S, Hasegawa K, Nagano R, Tajiri Y, Kiyoshima T. Stepwise activation of p63 and the MEK/ERK pathway induces the expression of ARL4C to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154493. [PMID: 37141698 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process wherein cells accumulate multiple genetic alterations and progress to a more malignant phenotype. It has been proposed that sequential accumulation of gene abnormalities in specific genes drives the transition from non-tumorous epithelia through a preneoplastic lesion/benign tumor to cancer. Histologically, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progresses in multiple ordered steps that begin with mucosal epithelial cell hyperplasia, which is followed by dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. It is therefore hypothesized that genetic alteration-mediated multistep carcinogenesis would be involved in the development of OSCC; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms are unknown. We clarified the comprehensive gene expression patterns and carried out an enrichment analysis using DNA microarray data from a pathological specimen of OSCC (including a non-tumor region, carcinoma in situ lesion and invasive carcinoma lesion). The expression of numerous genes and signal activation were altered in the development of OSCC. Among these, the p63 expression was increased and the MEK/ERK-MAPK pathway was activated in carcinoma in situ lesion and in invasive carcinoma lesion. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that p63 was initially upregulated in carcinoma in situ and ERK was sequentially activated in invasive carcinoma lesions in OSCC specimens. ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (ARL4C), the expression of which is reportedly induced by p63 and/or the MEK/ERK-MAPK pathway in OSCC cells, has been shown to promote tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemically, in OSCC specimens, ARL4C was more frequently detected in tumor lesions, especially in invasive carcinoma lesions, than in carcinoma in situ lesions. Additionally, ARL4C and phosphorylated ERK were frequently merged in invasive carcinoma lesions. Loss-of-function experiments using inhibitors and siRNAs revealed that p63 and MEK/ERK-MAPK cooperatively induce the expression of ARL4C and cell growth in OSCC cells. These results suggest that the stepwise activation of p63 and MEK/ERK-MAPK contributes to OSCC tumor cell growth through regulation of ARL4C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Zuhier Ragheb Alkhatib
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Thinh Thi Kim Truong
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yudai Tajiri
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, 1-1-1 Chidori, Koga, Fukuoka 811-3195, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Kanai R, Uehara T, Yoshizawa T, Kamakura M, Nakajima T, Kinugawa Y, Iwaya M, Asaka S, Kitazawa M, Nagaya T, Ota H. ARL4C is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:478. [PMID: 37237373 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4 C (ARL4C) is a member of the ARF small GTP-binding protein subfamily. The ARL4C gene is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). ARL4C protein promotes cell motility, invasion, and proliferation. METHODS We investigated the characteristics of ARL4C by comparing its expression at the invasion front and relationships with clinicopathological data using RNAscope, a highly sensitive RNA in situ method. RESULTS In all cases, ARL4C expression was observed in cancer stromal cells and cancer cells. ARL4C expression in cancer cells was localized at the invasion front. In cancer stromal cells, ARL4C expression was significantly stronger in cases with high-grade tumor budding than in cases with low-grade tumor budding (P = 0.0002). Additionally, ARL4C expression was significantly increased in patients with high histological grade compared with those with low histological grade (P = 0.0227). Furthermore, ARL4C expression was significantly stronger in lesions with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype compared with the non-EMT phenotype (P = 0.0289). In CRC cells, ARL4C expression was significantly stronger in cells that had the EMT phenotype compared with those with a non-EMT phenotype (P = 0.0366). ARL4C expression was significantly higher in cancer stromal cells than in CRC cells (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our analysis reinforces the possibility that ARL4C expression worsens the prognosis of patients with CRC. Further elucidation of the function of ARL4C is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kanai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masato Kamakura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kinugawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shiho Asaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masato Kitazawa
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Wu J, Deng R, Yan J, Zhu B, Wang J, Xu Y, Gui S, Jin X, Lu X. A cell transmembrane peptide chimeric M(27-39)-HTPP targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:106766. [PMID: 37234089 PMCID: PMC10205784 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor, with a growing incidence and death rate worldwide. The aims and challenges of treating HCC include targeting the tumor, entering the tumor tissue, inhibiting the spread and growth of tumor cells. M27-39 is a small peptide isolated from the antimicrobial peptide Musca domestica cecropin (MDC), whereas HTPP is a liver-targeting, cell-penetrating peptide obtained from the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium parasites. In this study, M27-39 was modified by HTPP to form M(27-39)-HTPP, which targeted tumor penetration to treat HCC. Here, we revealed that M(27-39)-HTPP had a good ability to target and penetrate the tumor, effectively limit the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induce the apoptosis in HCC. Notably, M(27-39)-HTPP demonstrated good biosecurity when administered at therapeutic doses. Accordingly, M(27-39)-HTPP could be used as a new, safe, and efficient therapeutic peptide for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianling Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baokang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuiqing Gui
- Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
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Yang HD, Jin XX, Gu BB, Yu-Zhang, Li D, Yan LL. ARL9 is upregulated and serves as a biomarker for a poor prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36823542 PMCID: PMC9951453 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARL9 is a newly identified member of the ARF family, and the clinical significance of ARL9 in colon adenocarcinoma is unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression of ARL9 mRNA in colon adenocarcinoma, and its effect on the prognosis of patients with colon adenocarcinoma. METHODS We investigated the differential expression of ARL9 between colon adenocarcinoma tissue and adjacent tissues through a bioinformatics analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The correlation between clinical characteristics and the mRNA expression level of ARL9 were analyzed. A survival analysis and a Cox regression analysis were used to determine the prognostic significance of ARL9. Finally, we conducted a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the ARL9 signaling pathways involved in the development of colon adenocarcinoma. The effect of the expression of ARL9 on the proliferation and migration of colon adenocarcinoma was analyzed by the CCK8 method and a cell scratch test, respectively. RESULTS The mRNA expression of ARL9 in colon adenocarcinoma tissues was higher in comparison to the level in normal adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of ARL9 was not related to sex, tumor stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, but to age. The 5-year survival rate of colon adenocarcinoma patients with high ARL9 mRNA expression levels was significantly lower than that of patients with low ARL9 mRNA expression levels (P < 0.05). Age and the high mRNA expression of ARL9 were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. The GSEA suggested that ARL9 may be able to upregulate cell adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interactions, tumor-associated pathways, and downregulate the citrate cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, which are involved in the development of colon adenocarcinoma. After knocking down ARL9, the proliferation and migration abilities of colon adenocarcinoma cells were decreased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The mRNA expression of ARL9 is upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma, and higher mRNA expression levels are associated with a poor prognosis. Knocking down ARL9 can reduce the proliferation and migration of colon adenocarcinoma cells. ARL9 mRNA can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-deng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China ,grid.469636.8Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xiu-xiu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China ,grid.469636.8Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Bin-bin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China ,grid.469636.8Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yu-Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China ,grid.469636.8Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Dan Li
- grid.469636.8Endoscopy Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ling-ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China ,grid.469636.8Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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Kong C, Zheng L, Fang S, Chen M, Lin G, Qiu R, Zhao Z, Chen W, Song J, Yang Y, Ji J. Predictive Models for Colon Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Immune Microenvironment Based on 2 Hypoxia-Related Genes: KDM3A and ENO3. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231195494. [PMID: 37650153 PMCID: PMC10475241 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231195494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is known to play a critical role in tumor occurrence, progression, prognosis, and therapy resistance. However, few studies have investigated hypoxia markers for diagnosing and predicting prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). This study aims to identify a hypoxia genes-based biomarker for predicting COAD patients' prognosis and response to immunotherapy on an individual basis. Methods: Hypoxia-related genes were extracted from the Molecular Signatures Database. Gene expression, clinical data, and mutation data of COAD were collected retrospectively from the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Gene Expression Omnibus, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium databases. Univariate and multivariate cox regression, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method were used to select the genes most associated with the prognosis of COAD patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses were performed to validate the efficacy of the signature in predicting the prognosis of COAD patients. EdU incorporation assays, cell survival assays, western blot assays, and trans-well invasion assays were performed to further confirm the function of the screened genes in tumorigenesis. Results: ENO3 and KDM3A were identified as key genes for constructing prognostic and diagnostic signatures, which were found to be independent risk factors for predicting the prognosis and diagnosis of COAD patients. Using these signatures, COAD patients could be stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the latter exhibiting better overall survival outcomes. Moreover, the high-risk group displayed elevated levels of immune checkpoint genes and tumor mutation burden, indicating that these patients may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Conclusion: The signature developed in this study demonstrates excellent efficacy in prognosticating the outcomes of COAD patients. Moreover, it can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians to identify COAD patients who are suitable for ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kong
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Shiji Fang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Guihan Lin
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Department of Radiology, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
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9
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Lu K, Fan Q, Zou X. Antisense oligonucleotide is a promising intervention for liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1061842. [PMID: 36569303 PMCID: PMC9780395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the body's critical metabolic organ, the liver plays an essential role in maintaining proper body homeostasis. However, as people's living standards have improved and the number of unhealthy lifestyles has increased, the liver has become overburdened. These have made liver disease one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Under the influence of adverse factors, liver disease progresses from simple steatosis to hepatitis, to liver fibrosis, and finally to cirrhosis and cancer, followed by increased mortality. Until now, there has been a lack of accepted effective treatments for liver disease. Based on current research, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), as an alternative intervention for liver diseases, is expected to be an effective treatment due to its high efficiency, low toxicity, low dosage, strong specificity, and additional positive characteristics. In this review, we will first introduce the design, modification, delivery, and the mechanisms of ASO, and then summarize the application of ASO in liver disease treatment, including in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. Finally, we discuss challenges and perspectives on the transfer of ASO drugs into clinical use. This review provides a current and comprehensive understanding of the integrative and systematic functions of ASO for its use in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Lu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qijing Fan
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoju Zou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoju Zou,
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10
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The Semaphorin 3A-AKT axis-mediated cell proliferation in salivary gland morphogenesis and adenoid cystic carcinoma pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153991. [PMID: 35759940 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Semaphorin 3 A (Sema3A), the expression of which is negatively regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, promotes odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation, suggesting the involvement of Sema3A in tooth germ development. Salivary glands have a similar developmental process to tooth germ development, in which reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and adjacent mesenchyme proceeds via stimulation with several growth factors; however, the role of Sema3A in the development of salivary glands is unknown. There may thus be a common mechanism between epithelial morphogenesis and pathogenesis; however, the role of Sema3A in salivary gland tumors is also unclear. The current study investigated the involvement of Sema3A in submandibular gland (SMG) development and its expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) specimens. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Sema3A was expressed both in epithelium and in mesenchyme in the initial developmental stages of SMG and their expressions were decreased during the developmental processes. Loss-of-function experiments using an inhibitor revealed that Sema3A was required for AKT activation-mediated cellular growth and formation of cleft and bud in SMG rudiment culture. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased the Sema3A expression in the rudiment culture. ACC arising from salivary glands frequently exhibits malignant potential. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 10 ACC patients showed that Sema3A was hardly observed in non-tumor regions but was strongly expressed in tumor lesions, especially in myoepithelial neoplastic cells, at high frequencies where phosphorylated AKT expression was frequently detected. These results suggest that the Sema3A-AKT axis promotes cell growth, thereby contributing to morphogenesis and pathogenesis, at least in ACC, of salivary glands.
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11
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Sartorius K, Antwi SO, Chuturgoon A, Roberts LR, Kramvis A. RNA Therapeutic Options to Manage Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Dream or Reality? Front Oncol 2022; 12:891812. [PMID: 35600358 PMCID: PMC9115561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the early promise of RNA therapeutics as a magic bullet to modulate aberrant signaling in cancer, this field remains a work-in-progress. Nevertheless, RNA therapeutics is now a reality for the treatment of viral diseases (COVID-19) and offers great promise for cancer. This review paper specifically investigates RNAi as a therapeutic option for HCC and discusses a range of RNAi technology including anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs), Aptamers, small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, riboswitches and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The use of these RNAi based interventions is specifically outlined in three primary strategies, namely, repressing angiogenesis, the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis. We also discuss some of the inherent chemical and delivery problems, as well as targeting issues and immunogenic reaction to RNAi interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,The Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, KZN Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN) Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samuel O Antwi
- The Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- The Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Hasegawa K, Fujii S, Kurppa KJ, Maehara T, Oobu K, Nakamura S, Kiyoshima T. Clear Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Exhibits Characteristics as an Undifferentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Qian W, Han L, Li W, Duan W, Wu Z, Wang Z, Ma Q. Arl4c promotes the growth and drug resistance of pancreatic cancer by regulating tumor-stromal interactions. iScience 2021; 24:103400. [PMID: 34849465 PMCID: PMC8609020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that ADP-ribosylation factor like-4c (Arl4c) may be a potential choice for cancer treatment. However, its role in pancreatic cancer, especially in tumor-stroma interactions and drug resistance, is still unknown. In the current study, we examined the proliferation and drug resistance effect of Arl4c on pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, we explored the contribution of Arl4c high expression in pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation. We found that high Arl4c expression is associated with cell proliferation, drug resistance, and PSC activation. In detail, Arl4c regulates connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) paracrine, further induces autophagic flux in PSCs, resulting in PSC activation. TGFβ1 secreted by activated PSCs enhances cancer cell stem cell properties via smad2 signaling, further increasing cell drug resistance. YAP is an important mediator of the Arl4c-CTGF loop. Taken together, these results suggest that Arl4c is essential for pancreatic cancer progression and may be an effective therapeutic choice. High Arl4c expression is correlated with PSCs activation and drug resistance Yap-CTGF-mediated autophagy is required for Arl4c-related PSCs activation Paracrine TGFβ1 of PSCs plays pivotal role in drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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14
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Fujii S, Ishibashi T, Kokura M, Fujimoto T, Matsumoto S, Shidara S, Kurppa KJ, Pape J, Caton J, Morgan PR, Heikinheimo K, Kikuchi A, Jimi E, Kiyoshima T. RAF1-MEK/ERK pathway-dependent ARL4C expression promotes ameloblastoma cell proliferation and osteoclast formation. J Pathol 2021; 256:119-133. [PMID: 34622442 DOI: 10.1002/path.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm characterized by slow intraosseous growth with progressive jaw resorption. Recent reports have revealed that ameloblastoma harbours an oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and described cases of ameloblastoma harbouring a BRAFV600E mutation in which patients were successfully treated with a BRAF inhibitor. Therefore, the MAPK pathway may be involved in the development of ameloblastoma; however, the precise mechanism by which it induces ameloblastoma is unclear. The expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (ARL4C), induced by a combination of the EGF-MAPK pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signalling, has been shown to induce epithelial morphogenesis. It was also reported that the overexpression of ARL4C, due to alterations in the EGF/RAS-MAPK pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signalling, promotes tumourigenesis. However, the roles of ARL4C in ameloblastoma are unknown. We investigated the involvement of ARL4C in the development of ameloblastoma. In immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 38 ameloblastoma patients, ARL4C was hardly detected in non-tumour regions but tumours frequently showed strong expression of ARL4C, along with the expression of both BRAFV600E and RAF1 (also known as C-RAF). Loss-of-function experiments using inhibitors or siRNAs revealed that ARL4C elevation depended on the RAF1-MEK/ERK pathway in ameloblastoma cells. It was also shown that the RAF1-ARL4C and BRAFV600E-MEK/ERK pathways promoted cell proliferation independently. ARL4C-depleted tumour cells (generated by knockdown or knockout) exhibited decreased proliferation and migration capabilities. Finally, when ameloblastoma cells were co-cultured with mouse bone marrow cells and primary osteoblasts, ameloblastoma cells induced osteoclast formation. ARL4C elevation in ameloblastoma further promoted its formation capabilities through the increased RANKL expression of mouse bone marrow cells and/or primary osteoblasts. These results suggest that the RAF1-MEK/ERK-ARL4C axis, which may function in cooperation with the BRAFV600E-MEK/ERK pathway, promotes ameloblastoma development. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Kokura
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satsuki Shidara
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Judith Pape
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Caton
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter R Morgan
- Head & Neck Pathology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristiina Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Harada A, Matsumoto S, Yasumizu Y, Shojima K, Akama T, Eguchi H, Kikuchi A. Localization of KRAS downstream target ARL4C to invasive pseudopods accelerates pancreatic cancer cell invasion. eLife 2021; 10:66721. [PMID: 34590580 PMCID: PMC8598236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to metastasis. Whereas KRAS is mutated in most pancreatic cancer patients, controlling KRAS or its downstream effectors has not been succeeded clinically. ARL4C is a small G protein whose expression is induced by the Wnt and EGF–RAS pathways. In the present study, we found that ARL4C is frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer patients and showed that its localization to invasive pseudopods is required for cancer cell invasion. IQGAP1 was identified as a novel interacting protein for ARL4C. ARL4C recruited IQGAP1 and its downstream effector, MMP14, to invasive pseudopods. Specific localization of ARL4C, IQGAP1, and MMP14 was the active site of invasion, which induced degradation of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, subcutaneously injected antisense oligonucleotide against ARL4C into tumor-bearing mice suppressed metastasis of pancreatic cancer. These results suggest that ARL4C–IQGAP1–MMP14 signaling is activated at invasive pseudopods of pancreatic cancer cells. Most cases of pancreatic cancer are detected in the later stages when they are difficult to treat and, as a result, survival is low. Over 90% of pancreatic cancers contain genetic changes that increase the activity of a protein called KRAS. This hyperactive KRAS drives cancer growth and progression. Attempts to treat pancreatic cancer using drugs that reduce the activity of KRAS have so far failed. The KRAS protein can accelerate growth in healthy cells as well as in cancer and it does this by activating various other proteins. Drugs that target some of these other proteins could be more effective at treating pancreatic cancer than the drugs that target KRAS. One of these potential targets is called ARL4C. ARL4C is active during fetal development, but it is often not present in adult tissues. Harada et al. investigated whether the protein is important in pancreatic cancer, and what other roles it has in the body, to better understand if it is a good target for cancer treatment. First, Harada et al. used cells grown in the lab to show that ARL4C contributes to the aggressive spread of human pancreatic cancers. Using mice, Harada et al. also showed that blocking the activity of ARL4C in pancreatic cancers helped to slow their progression. Harada et al.’s results suggest that ARL4C could be a good target for new drugs treating pancreatic cancers. Given that this protein does not seem to have important roles in the cells of adults, targeting it is unlikely to have major side effects. Further investigation of ARL4C in more human-like animal models will help to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasumizu
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Frontier Immunology Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kensaku Shojima
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Gene Expression Laboratory (GEL-B), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, United States
| | - Toshiyuki Akama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
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16
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Zhang Y, Yang F, Peng X, Li X, Luo N, Zhu W, Fu M, Li Q, Hu G. Hypoxia Constructing the Prognostic Model of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Related to the Immune Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665364. [PMID: 33959617 PMCID: PMC8093637 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors, which plays an important role in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, energy metabolism and chemoradiotherapy resistance. However, comprehensive analysis of hypoxia markers in colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is still lacking. And there is a need for mechanism exploration and clinical application. Methods: The gene expression, mutation and clinical data of COAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, respectively. Tumor samples from TCGA were randomly divided into the training and internal validation groups, while tumor samples from GEO were used as the external validation group. Univariate COX—LASSO—multivariate COX method was applied to construct the prognostic model. We clustered all TCGA tumor samples into high, medium and low hypoxia groups, evaluated the correlation between hypoxia degree and immunoactivity, and explored the combined effect of mutation for common target genes and model riskscore on survival in COAD patients. Finally, we developed a dynamic nomograph App online for direct clinical application and carried out multiple validations of the prognostic model. Results: Our hypoxia-related prognostic model for COAD patients is accurate and has been successfully validated internally and externally. Single Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results suggest that for COAD patients with higher hypoxia, the stronger the associated immunosuppressive activity, providing a possible mechanism for the lower survival rate. Finally, the dynamic nomograph App online enhances the clinical translational significance of the study. Conclusion: In this study, an accurate prognostic model for COAD patients was established and validated. In addition, our innovative findings include correlations between hypoxia levels and immune activity, as well as an in-depth exploration of common target gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Whole genome sequencing in the Middle Eastern Qatari population identifies genetic associations with 45 clinically relevant traits. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1250. [PMID: 33623009 PMCID: PMC7902658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical laboratory tests play a pivotal role in medical decision making, but little is known about their genetic variability between populations. We report a genome-wide association study with 45 clinically relevant traits from the population of Qatar using a whole genome sequencing approach in a discovery set of 6218 individuals and replication in 7768 subjects. Trait heritability is more similar between Qatari and European populations (r = 0.81) than with Africans (r = 0.44). We identify 281 distinct variant-trait-associations at genome wide significance that replicate known associations. Allele frequencies for replicated loci show higher correlations with European (r = 0.94) than with African (r = 0.85) or Japanese (r = 0.80) populations. We find differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns and in effect sizes of the replicated loci compared to previous reports. We also report 17 novel and Qatari-predominate signals providing insights into the biological pathways regulating these traits. We observe that European-derived polygenic scores (PGS) have reduced predictive performance in the Qatari population which could have implications for the translation of PGS between populations and their future application in precision medicine. The genetic basis for traits can vary between populations. Here the authors report a genome wide association study with 45 clinically-relevant traits in individuals from Qatar, replicating many known loci and identifying new Qatari-predominant signals.
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18
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Rahman M, Almalki WH, Alrobaian M, Iqbal J, Alghamdi S, Alharbi KS, Alruwaili NK, Hafeez A, Shaharyar A, Singh T, Waris M, Kumar V, Beg S. Nanocarriers-loaded with natural actives as newer therapeutic interventions for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:489-513. [PMID: 33225771 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1854223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer has always been a menace for the society. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and 3rdlargest causes of deaths around the world.Area covered: The emergence of natural actives is considered as the greatest boon for fighting cancer. The natural actives take precedence over the traditional chemotherapeutic drugs in terms of their multi-target, multi-level and coordinated effects in the treatment of HCC. Literature reports have indicated the tremendous potential of bioactive natural products in inhibiting the HCC via molecular drug targeting, augmented bioavailability, and the ability for both passive or active targeting and stimulus-responsive drug release characteristics. This review provides a newer treatment approaches involved in the mechanism of action of different natural actives used for the HCC treatment via different molecular pathways. Besides, the promising advantage of natural bioactive-loaded nanocarriers in HCC treatment has also been also presented in this review. Expert opinion: The remarkable outcomes have been observed with therapeutic efficacy of the nanocarriers of natural actives in the treatment of HCC.Furthermore, it requires a thorough assessment of the safety and efficacy evaluation of the nanocarriers for the delivery of targeted natural active ingredients in HCC.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics & and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adil Shaharyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, T.P.S College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Waris
- Department of Botany, T.P.S College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nanomedicine Research Lab, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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19
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Chen Q, Fu WJ, Tang XP, Wang L, Niu Q, Wang S, Lin Y, Cao MF, Hu R, Wen HY, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yao XH. ADP-Ribosylation Factor Like GTPase 4C (ARL4C) augments stem-like traits of glioblastoma cells by upregulating ALDH1A3. J Cancer 2021; 12:818-826. [PMID: 33403039 PMCID: PMC7778538 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells with stem cell-like properties are crucial for tumor initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, identifying specific factors in regulating stem-like traits is critical for the design of novel glioma therapeutics. Herein, we reported that ADP-Ribosylation Factor Like GTPase 4C (ARL4C) was highly expressed in glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs). GSLCs, determined by the efficiency of sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, was increased by overexpression of ARL4C. ARL4C induced the tumorigenesis through ALDH1A3. Analyses of 325 patient specimens showed that ARL4C was highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) as compared with lower grade gliomas. In addition, higher level ARL4C expression in glioma was correlated with poorer progression-free survival and overall survival of patients. Therefore, ARL4C may act as a novel prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Juan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Niu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Mian-Fu Cao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wen
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
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20
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Amido-Bridged Nucleic Acid-Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting SYT13 to Treat Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:791-802. [PMID: 33230476 PMCID: PMC7644579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer have dismal prognosis, mainly because of inefficient systemic delivery of drugs to peritoneal tumors. We aimed to develop an intraperitoneal treatment strategy using amido-bridged nucleic acid (AmNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting synaptotagmin XIII (SYT13) and to identify the function of SYT13 in gastric cancer cells. We screened 71 candidate oligonucleotide sequences according to SYT13-knockdown efficacy, in vitro activity, and off-target effects. We evaluated the effects of SYT13 knockdown on cellular functions and signaling pathways, as well as the effects of intraperitoneal administration to mice of AmNA-modified anti-SYT13 ASOs. We selected the ASOs (designated hSYT13-4378 and hSYT13-4733) with the highest knockdown efficiencies and lowest off-target effects and determined their abilities to inhibit cellular functions associated with the metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells. We found that SYT13 interfered with focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated intracellular signals. Intraperitoneal administration of hSYT13-4378 and hSYT13-4733 in a mouse xenograft model of metastasis inhibited the formation of peritoneal nodules and significantly increased survival. Reversible, dose- and sequence-dependent liver damage was induced by ASO treatment without causing abnormal morphological and histological changes in the brain. Intra-abdominal administration of AmNA-modified anti-SYT13 ASOs represents a promising strategy for treating peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.
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21
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Harada T, Sada R, Osugi Y, Matsumoto S, Matsuda T, Hayashi-Nishino M, Nagai T, Harada A, Kikuchi A. Palmitoylated CKAP4 regulates mitochondrial functions through an interaction with VDAC2 at ER-mitochondria contact sites. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs249045. [PMID: 33067255 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) is a palmitoylated type II transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we found that knockout (KO) of CKAP4 in HeLaS3 cells induces the alteration of mitochondrial structures and increases the number of ER-mitochondria contact sites. To understand the involvement of CKAP4 in mitochondrial functions, the binding proteins of CKAP4 were explored, enabling identification of the mitochondrial porin voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2), which is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Palmitoylation at Cys100 of CKAP4 was required for the binding between CKAP4 and VDAC2. In CKAP4 KO cells, the binding of inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and VDAC2 was enhanced, the intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration increased and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. In addition, CKAP4 KO decreased the oxidative consumption rate, in vitro cancer cell proliferation under low-glucose conditions and in vivo xenograft tumor formation. The phenotypes were not rescued by expression of a palmitoylation-deficient CKAP4 mutant. These results suggest that CKAP4 plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial functions through the binding to VDAC2 at ER-mitochondria contact sites and that palmitoylation is required for this novel function of CKAP4.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Sada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Osugi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Regulation and Artificial Intelligence Research Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Liao J, Chen Z, Yu Z, Huang T, Hu D, Su Y, He Z, Zou C, Zhang L, Lin X. The Role of ARL4C in Erlotinib Resistance: Activation of the Jak2/ Stat 5/β- Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:585292. [PMID: 33194732 PMCID: PMC7657464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.585292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients who initially benefit from Erlotinib, a drug targeting EGFR path, eventually develop resistance to the drug. The underlying mechanism is largely unknown. This study investigated the role of ARL4C in Erlotinib resistance development of NSCLC. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of mRNA and protein of ARL4C in two NSCLC cell lines (HCC827 and PC-9). Several assays (MTS, colony formation, transwell migration, luciferase reporter, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation) were used to explore the role of ARL4C in biofunctional changes of Erlotinib-resistant cells and their associations with Jak2/Stat 5/β-catenin signaling. Results demonstrated that (1) long-term use of Erlotinib resulted in downregulation of ARL4C; (2) overexpression of ARL4C could regain the sensitivity to Erlotinib in the drug-resistant HCC827/ER cells, while downregulation of ARL4C increased HCC827, and PC-9 cells' resistance to the drug; (3) Erlotinib-induced downregulation of ARL4C resulted in phosphorylation of Jak2/Stat5 and upregulation of β-catenin and their related molecules Axin2, CD44, Ccnd1, Lgr-5, and MMP7, which promoted the malignant behaviors of Erlotinib-resistant cells; (4) chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay revealed that Stat5 could bind to β-catenin promoter to upregulate molecules to maintain the malignant behaviors, which might count for how Erlotinib-resistant cell survived while EGFR path was blocked; (5) the expression of ARL4C was not associated with known EGFR gene mutations in both Erlotinib-resistant cells and NSCLC tissues. Our data suggest that Erlotinib resistance of NSCLCs is associated with downregulation of ARL4C via affecting Jak/Stat/β-catenin signaling. ARL4C could serve as a biomarker to predict the effectiveness of TKI targeting therapy and a potential therapeutic target for overcoming Erlotinib resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Liao
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zongyang Yu
- Respiratory Department, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Su
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyan Zou
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Kubota S, Yoshida T, Kageyama S, Isono T, Yuasa T, Yonese J, Kushima R, Kawauchi A, Chano T. A risk stratification model based on four novel biomarkers predicts prognosis for patients with renal cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:270. [PMID: 33092599 PMCID: PMC7584101 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate prediction of the prognosis of RCC using a single biomarker is challenging due to the genetic heterogeneity of the disease. However, it is essential to develop an accurate system to allow better patient selection for optimal treatment strategies. ARL4C, ECT2, SOD2, and STEAP3 are novel molecular biomarkers identified in earlier studies as survival-related genes by comprehensive analyses of 43 primary RCC tissues and RCC cell lines. METHODS To develop a prognostic model based on these multiple biomarkers, the expression of four biomarkers ARL4C, ECT2, SOD2, and STEAP3 in primary RCC tissue were semi-quantitatively investigated by immunohistochemical analysis in an independent cohort of 97 patients who underwent nephrectomy, and the clinical significance of these biomarkers were analyzed by survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves. The prognostic model was constructed by calculation of the contribution score to prognosis of each biomarker on Cox regression analysis, and its prognostic performance was validated. RESULTS Patients whose tumors had high expression of the individual biomarkers had shorter cancer-specific survival (CSS) from the time of primary nephrectomy. The prognostic model based on four biomarkers segregated the patients into a high- and low-risk scored group according to defined cut-off value. This approach was more robust in predicting CSS compared to each single biomarker alone in the total of 97 patients with RCC. Especially in the 36 metastatic RCC patients, our prognostic model could more accurately predict early events within 2 years of diagnosis of metastasis. In addition, high risk-scored patients with particular strong SOD2 expression had a much worse prognosis in 25 patients with metastatic RCC who were treated with molecular targeting agents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a prognostic model based on four novel biomarkers provides valuable data for prediction of clinical prognosis and useful information for considering the follow-up conditions and therapeutic strategies for patients with primary and metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Kubota
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Takahiro Isono
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Tokuhiro Chano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiga University of Medical Science, SetaTshukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
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24
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Casalou C, Ferreira A, Barral DC. The Role of ARF Family Proteins and Their Regulators and Effectors in Cancer Progression: A Therapeutic Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:217. [PMID: 32426352 PMCID: PMC7212444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adenosine diphosphate-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) family belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTPases and is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, motility and differentiation by regulating membrane traffic and associating with the cytoskeleton. Like other members of the RAS superfamily, ARF family proteins are activated by Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) and inactivated by GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs). When active, they bind effectors, which mediate downstream functions. Several studies have reported that cancer cells are able to subvert membrane traffic regulators to enhance migration and invasion. Indeed, members of the ARF family, including ARF-Like (ARL) proteins have been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of several types of cancer. Here, we review the role of ARF family members, their GEFs/GAPs and effectors in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, highlighting the ones that can have a pro-oncogenic behavior or function as tumor suppressors. Moreover, we propose possible mechanisms and approaches to target these proteins, toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies to impair tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Decreasing Arl4c expression by inhibition of AKT signal in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Life Sci 2020; 246:117428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Ruman U, Fakurazi S, Masarudin MJ, Hussein MZ. Nanocarrier-Based Therapeutics and Theranostics Drug Delivery Systems for Next Generation of Liver Cancer Nanodrug Modalities. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1437-1456. [PMID: 32184597 PMCID: PMC7060777 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s236927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutics and theranostic nanodrug delivery systems have posed a challenging task for the current researchers due to the requirement of having various nanocarriers and active agents for better therapy, imaging, and controlled release of drugs efficiently in one platform. The conventional liver cancer chemotherapy has many negative effects such as multiple drug resistance (MDR), high clearance rate, severe side effects, unwanted drug distribution to the specific site of liver cancer and low concentration of drug that finally reaches liver cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel strategies and novel nanocarriers that will carry the drug molecules specific to the affected cancerous hepatocytes in an adequate amount and duration within the therapeutic window. Therapeutics and theranostic systems have advantages over conventional chemotherapy due to the high efficacy of drug loading or drug encapsulation efficiency, high cellular uptake, high drug release, and minimum side effects. These nanocarriers possess high drug accumulation in the tumor area while minimizing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This review focuses on the current research on nanocarrier-based therapeutics and theranostic drug delivery systems excluding the negative consequences of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery systems. However, clinical developments of theranostics nanocarriers for liver cancer are considered outside of the scope of this article. This review discusses only the recent developments of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for liver cancer therapy and diagnosis. The negative consequences of individual nanocarrier in the drug delivery system will also not be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Ruman
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience Universiti, Putra43400, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience Universiti, Putra43400, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
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27
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Sun C, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang Q. Clinical relevance of ARF/ARL family genes and oncogenic function of ARL4C in endometrial cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110000. [PMID: 32070877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)/ARF-like protein (ARL) family regulate malignant phenotype of cancer cells. The present study aims to investigate the clinical relevance of ARF/ARL family members in endometrial cancer. We report that several ARF/ARL family genes serve as prognostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer. Through a combination of TCGA database and immunohistochemistry analysis, we revealed that ARL4C, a member of ARL family, was overexpressed in endometrial cancer and might function as an oncogene in endometrial carcinogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and functional studies demonstrated that cell cycle and cell adhesion pathways were the potential mechanism of ARL4C in promoting endometrial cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, we also observed the involvement of ARL4C in metformin-inhibited cellular proliferation of endometrial cancer. Collectively, knowledge of the expression and function of ARF/ARL family genes could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Kimura K, Matsumoto S, Harada T, Morii E, Nagatomo I, Shintani Y, Kikuchi A. ARL4C is associated with initiation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma and represents a therapeutic target. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:951-961. [PMID: 31925985 PMCID: PMC7060486 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type of lung cancer and is classified into adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) lesions are possible precursors to adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying the stepwise continuum of lung adenocarcinoma is unclear. In this study, the involvement of ADP‐ribosylation factor (ARF)‐like (ARL) 4C (ARL4C), a member of the small GTP‐binding protein family, in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and the possibility of ARL4C as a molecular target for lung cancer therapy were explored. ARL4C was frequently expressed in AAH and ARL4C expression in immortalized human small airway epithelial cells promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell death. In addition, ARL4C was expressed with increased frequency in AIS, MIA and IA in a stage‐dependent manner, and the expression was correlated with histologic grade, fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and poor prognosis. An anti–sense oligonucleotide (ASO) against ARL4C (ARL4C ASO‐1316) inhibited RAS‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate activity and nuclear import of Yes‐associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif, and suppressed in vitro proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells with KRAS or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. In addition, transbronchial administration of ARL4C ASO‐1316 suppressed orthotopic tumor formation induced by these cancer cells. Thus, ARL4C is involved in the initiation of the premalignant stage and is associated with the stepwise continuum of lung adenocarcinoma. ARL4C ASO‐1316 would be useful for lung adenocarcinoma patients expressing ARL4C regardless of the KRAS or EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kimura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Araújo D, Azevedo NM, Barbosa A, Almeida C, Rodrigues ME, Henriques M, Silva S. Application of 2'-OMethylRNA' Antisense Oligomer to Control Candida albicans EFG1 Virulence Determinant. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:508-517. [PMID: 31671344 PMCID: PMC6838528 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligomers and their analogs have been successfully utilized to silence gene expression for the treatment of many human diseases; however, the control of yeast’s virulence determinants has never been exploited before. In this sense, this work is based on the key hypothesis that if a pathogen’s genetic sequence is a determinant of virulence, it will be possible to synthesize a nucleic acid mimic based on antisense therapy (AST) that will bind to the mRNA produced, blocking its translation into protein and, consequently, reducing the pathogen virulence phenotype. EFG1 is an important determinant of virulence that is involved in the regulation of the Candida albicans switch from yeast to filamentous form. Thus, our main goal was to design and synthesize an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting the EFG1 mRNA and to validate its in vitro applicability. The results show that the anti-EFG1 2′-OMethylRNA (2′OMe) oligomer was able to significantly reduce the levels of EFG1 gene expression and of Efg1p protein translation (both approximately 60%), as well as effectively prevent filamentation of C. albicans cells (by 80%). Moreover, it was verified that anti-EFG1 2′OMe keeps the efficacy in different simulated human body fluids. Undeniably, this work provides potentially valuable information for future research into the management of Candida infections, regarding the development of a credible and alternative method to control C. albicans infections, based on AST methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Miguel Azevedo
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Barbosa
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Maria Elisa Rodrigues
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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GREB1 induced by Wnt signaling promotes development of hepatoblastoma by suppressing TGFβ signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3882. [PMID: 31462641 PMCID: PMC6713762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-catenin mutation is frequently observed in hepatoblastoma (HB), but the underlying mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces HB tumor formation is unknown. Here we show that expression of growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) depends on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HB patients. GREB1 is localized to the nucleus where it binds Smad2/3 in a competitive manner with p300 and inhibits TGFβ signaling, thereby promoting HepG2 HB cell proliferation. Forced expression of β-catenin, YAP, and c-Met induces HB-like mouse liver tumor (BYM mice), with an increase in GREB1 expression and HB markers. Depletion of GREB1 strongly suppresses marker gene expression and HB-like liver tumorigenesis, and instead enhances TGFβ signaling in BYM mice. Furthermore, antisense oligonucleotides for GREB1 suppress the formation of HepG2 cell-induced tumors and HB-like tumors in vivo. We propose that GREB1 is a target molecule of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and required for HB progression. The mechanisms promoting hepatoblastoma (HB) progression through Wnt/β-catenin signaling are unclear. Here, the authors show that the Wnt/ β-catenin axis induces GREB1 expression and nuclear localization, and suppresses TGFβ pathway, and propose GREB1 as a therapeutic target in HB.
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