1
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Ma Q, Durga P, Wang FXC, Yao HP, Wang MH. Pharmaceutical innovation and advanced biotechnology in the biotech-pharmaceutical industry for antibody-drug conjugate development. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104057. [PMID: 38844064 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), from prototypes in the 1980s to first- and second-generation products in the 2000s, and now in their multiformats, have progressed tremendously to meet oncological challenges. Currently, 13 ADCs have been approved for medical practice, with over 200 candidates in clinical trials. Moreover, ADCs have evolved into different formats, including bispecific ADCs, probody-drug conjugates, pH-responsive ADCs, target-degrading ADCs, and immunostimulating ADCs. Technologies from biopharmaceutical industries have a crucial role in the clinical transition of these novel biotherapeutics. In this review, we highlight several features contributing to the prosperity of bioindustrial ADC development. Various proprietary technologies from biopharmaceutical companies are discussed. Such advances in biopharmaceutical industries are the backbone for the success of ADCs in development and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ma
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urological Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Comprehensive Genitourinary Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Puro Durga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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2
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Bratti M, Stubbs E, Kolodych S, Souchet H, Kelly L, Merlin J, Marchal M, Castellano R, Josselin E, Pasquer H, Benajiba L, Puissant A, Koniev O, Collette Y, Belanger C, Hermine O, Monteiro RC, Launay P. INA03: A Potent Transferrin-Competitive Antibody-Drug Conjugate against CD71 for Safer Acute Leukemia Treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:1159-1175. [PMID: 38641421 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Innovative strategies for enhancing efficacy and overcoming drug resistance in hematologic cancers, such as using antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), have shifted the paradigm of conventional care by delivering promising outcomes in cancer therapies with a significant reduction in the risk of relapse. Transferrin receptor (TfR1), cluster of differentiation 71 (CD71), is known to be overexpressed in malignant cells and considered a potent antitumor target. Therefore, we developed an anti-CD71 ADC, INA03, a humanized antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E through a 3-arylpropiolonitrile-valine-citrulline linker. In this study, we investigated the potency and safety of INA03, in competition with Transferrin (Tf), the CD71's natural ligand, as a novel strategy to specifically target highly proliferative cells. The high expression of CD71 was confirmed on different leukemic cell lines, allowing INA03 to bind efficiently. Subsequently, INA03 rapidly internalizes into lysosomal compartments, in which its cytotoxic drug is released following cathepsin B cleavage. Downregulation of CD71 expression using shRNA highlighted that INA03-induced cell death was dependent on CD71 density at the cell surface. INA03 intravenous treatment in acute leukemia mouse models significantly reduced tumor burden, increased mouse survival, and showed no residual disease compared with conventional chemotherapies. Because INA03 competes with human Tf, a double knock-in (human CD71/human Tf) competent mouse model was generated to mimic human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. INA03 administration in human CD71/hTf mice did not reveal any improper toxicities, even at high doses. Hence, these data demonstrate the promising preclinical efficacy and safety of INA03 and support its development as a novel acute leukemia treatment. Significance: The Tf receptor is believed to be undruggable because of its ubiquitous expression. By entering into competition with its cognate ligand, the Tf and INA03 ADC can safely achieve potency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lois Kelly
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), INSERM U944, Paris, France
| | | | - Michelle Marchal
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL8654, Paris, France
| | - Remy Castellano
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Josselin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Pasquer
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), INSERM U944, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lina Benajiba
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), INSERM U944, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Yves Collette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Olivier Hermine
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL8654, Paris, France
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Launay
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
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Zeng H, Ning W, Liu X, Luo W, Xia N. Unlocking the potential of bispecific ADCs for targeted cancer therapy. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-024-1072-8. [PMID: 39039315 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-024-1072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are biologically targeted drugs composed of antibodies and cytotoxic drugs connected by linkers. These innovative compounds enable precise drug delivery to tumor cells, minimizing harm to normal tissues and offering excellent prospects for cancer treatment. However, monoclonal antibody-based ADCs still present challenges, especially in terms of balancing efficacy and safety. Bispecific antibodies are alternatives to monoclonal antibodies and exhibit superior internalization and selectivity, producing ADCs with increased safety and therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we present available evidence and future prospects regarding the use of bispecific ADCs for cancer treatment, including a comprehensive overview of bispecific ADCs that are currently in clinical trials. We offer insights into the future development of bispecific ADCs to provide novel strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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4
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Jiang M, Li Q, Xu B. Spotlight on ideal target antigens and resistance in antibody-drug conjugates: Strategies for competitive advancement. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101086. [PMID: 38677200 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel and promising approach in targeted therapy, uniting the specificity of antibodies that recognize specific antigens with payloads, all connected by the stable linker. These conjugates combine the best targeted and cytotoxic therapies, offering the killing effect of precisely targeting specific antigens and the potent cell-killing power of small molecule drugs. The targeted approach minimizes the off-target toxicities associated with the payloads and broadens the therapeutic window, enhancing the efficacy and safety profile of cancer treatments. Within precision oncology, ADCs have garnered significant attention as a cutting-edge research area and have been approved to treat a range of malignant tumors. Correspondingly, the issue of resistance to ADCs has gradually come to the fore. Any dysfunction in the steps leading to the ADCs' action within tumor cells can lead to the development of resistance. A deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms may be crucial for developing novel ADCs and exploring combination therapy strategies, which could further enhance the clinical efficacy of ADCs in cancer treatment. This review outlines the brief historical development and mechanism of ADCs and discusses the impact of their key components on the activity of ADCs. Furthermore, it provides a detailed account of the application of ADCs with various target antigens in cancer therapy, the categorization of potential resistance mechanisms, and the current state of combination therapies. Looking forward, breakthroughs in overcoming technical barriers, selecting differentiated target antigens, and enhancing resistance management and combination therapy strategies will broaden the therapeutic indications for ADCs. These progresses are anticipated to advance cancer treatment and yield benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Mocelular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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5
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Tsuchikama K, Anami Y, Ha SYY, Yamazaki CM. Exploring the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:203-223. [PMID: 38191923 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising cancer treatment modality that enables the selective delivery of highly cytotoxic payloads to tumours. However, realizing the full potential of this platform necessitates innovative molecular designs to tackle several clinical challenges such as drug resistance, tumour heterogeneity and treatment-related adverse effects. Several emerging ADC formats exist, including bispecific ADCs, conditionally active ADCs (also known as probody-drug conjugates), immune-stimulating ADCs, protein-degrader ADCs and dual-drug ADCs, and each offers unique capabilities for tackling these various challenges. For example, probody-drug conjugates can enhance tumour specificity, whereas bispecific ADCs and dual-drug ADCs can address resistance and heterogeneity with enhanced activity. The incorporation of immune-stimulating and protein-degrader ADCs, which have distinct mechanisms of action, into existing treatment strategies could enable multimodal cancer treatment. Despite the promising outlook, the importance of patient stratification and biomarker identification cannot be overstated for these emerging ADCs, as these factors are crucial to identify patients who are most likely to derive benefit. As we continue to deepen our understanding of tumour biology and refine ADC design, we will edge closer to developing truly effective and safe ADCs for patients with treatment-refractory cancers. In this Review, we highlight advances in each ADC component (the monoclonal antibody, payload, linker and conjugation chemistry) and provide more-detailed discussions on selected examples of emerging novel ADCs of each format, enabled by engineering of one or more of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Summer Y Y Ha
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Choi Y, Choi Y, Hong S. Recent Technological and Intellectual Property Trends in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Research. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:221. [PMID: 38399275 PMCID: PMC10892729 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy, an advanced therapeutic technology comprising antibodies, chemical linkers, and cytotoxic payloads, addresses the limitations of traditional chemotherapy. This study explores key elements of ADC therapy, focusing on antibody development, linker design, and cytotoxic payload delivery. The global rise in cancer incidence has driven increased investment in anticancer agents, resulting in significant growth in the ADC therapy market. Over the past two decades, notable progress has been made, with approvals for 14 ADC treatments targeting various cancers by 2022. Diverse ADC therapies for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have emerged, with numerous candidates currently undergoing clinical trials. Recent years have seen a noteworthy increase in ADC therapy clinical trials, marked by the initiation of numerous new therapies in 2022. Research and development, coupled with patent applications, have intensified, notably from major companies like Pfizer Inc. (New York, NY, USA), AbbVie Pharmaceuticals Inc. (USA), Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Tarrytown, NY, USA), and Seagen Inc. (Bothell, WA, USA). While ADC therapy holds great promise in anticancer treatment, challenges persist, including premature payload release and immune-related side effects. Ongoing research and innovation are crucial for advancing ADC therapy. Future developments may include novel conjugation methods, stable linker designs, efficient payload delivery technologies, and integration with nanotechnology, driving the evolution of ADC therapy in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbo Choi
- Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;
- Department of BigData, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbeen Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea;
| | - Surin Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea;
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7
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Wittwer NL, Brown MP, Liapis V, Staudacher AH. Antibody drug conjugates: hitting the mark in pancreatic cancer? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:280. [PMID: 37880707 PMCID: PMC10598980 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, and the 5-year survival rate has only improved marginally over the last decade. Late detection of the disease means that in most cases the disease has advanced locally and/or metastasized, and curative surgery is not possible. Chemotherapy is still the first-line treatment however, this has only had a modest impact in improving survival, with associated toxicities. Therefore, there is an urgent need for targeted approaches to better treat pancreatic cancer, while minimizing treatment-induced side-effects. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are one treatment option that could fill this gap. Here, a monoclonal antibody is used to deliver extremely potent drugs directly to the tumor site to improve on-target killing while reducing off-target toxicity. In this paper, we review the current literature for ADC targets that have been examined in vivo for treating pancreatic cancer, summarize current and on-going clinical trials using ADCs to treat pancreatic cancer and discuss potential strategies to improve their therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Wittwer
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Schoenfeld K, Harwardt J, Habermann J, Elter A, Kolmar H. Conditional activation of an anti-IgM antibody-drug conjugate for precise B cell lymphoma targeting. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258700. [PMID: 37841262 PMCID: PMC10569071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous B cells are almost indistinguishable from their non-malignant counterparts regarding their surface antigen expression. Accordingly, the challenge to be faced consists in elimination of the malignant B cell population while maintaining a functional adaptive immune system. Here, we present an IgM-specific antibody-drug conjugate masked by fusion of the epitope-bearing IgM constant domain. Antibody masking impaired interaction with soluble pentameric as well as cell surface-expressed IgM molecules rendering the antibody cytotoxically inactive. Binding capacity of the anti-IgM antibody drug conjugate was restored upon conditional protease-mediated demasking which consequently enabled target-dependent antibody internalization and subsequent induction of apoptosis in malignant B cells. This easily adaptable approach potentially provides a novel mechanism of clonal B cell lymphoma eradication to the arsenal available for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schoenfeld
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Harwardt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Habermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Xie X, Yu T, Li X, Zhang N, Foster LJ, Peng C, Huang W, He G. Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:335. [PMID: 37669923 PMCID: PMC10480221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Yuan T, Jia Q, Zhu B, Chen D, Long H. Synergistic immunotherapy targeting cancer-associated anemia: prospects of a combination strategy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:117. [PMID: 37208766 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated anemia promotes tumor progression, leads to poor quality of life in patients with cancer, and even obstructs the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. However, the precise mechanism for cancer-associated anemia remains unknown and the feasible strategy to target cancer-associated anemia synergizing immunotherapy needs to be clarified. Here, we review the possible mechanisms of cancer-induced anemia regarding decreased erythropoiesis and increased erythrocyte destruction, and cancer treatment-induced anemia. Moreover, we summarize the current paradigm for cancer-associated anemia treatment. Finally, we propose some prospective paradigms to slow down cancer-associated anemia and synergistic the efficacy of immunotherapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Degao Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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