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Sohrab SS, Raj R, Nagar A, Hawthorne S, Paiva-Santos AC, Kamal MA, El-Daly MM, Azhar EI, Sharma A. Chronic Inflammation's Transformation to Cancer: A Nanotherapeutic Paradigm. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114413. [PMID: 37298889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The body's normal immune response against any invading pathogen that causes infection in the body results in inflammation. The sudden transformation in inflammation leads to the rise of inflammatory diseases such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disorders, and colorectal cancer (different types of cancer develop at the site of chronic infection and inflammation). Inflammation results in two ways: short-term inflammation i.e., non-specific, involves the action of various immune cells; the other results in long-term reactions lasting for months or years. It is specific and causes angiogenesis, fibrosis, tissue destruction, and cancer progression at the site of inflammation. Cancer progression relies on the interaction between the host microenvironment and tumor cells along with the inflammatory responses, fibroblast, and vascular cells. The two pathways that have been identified connecting inflammation and cancer are the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Both have their own specific role in linking inflammation to cancer, involving various transcription factors such as Nuclear factor kappa B, Activator of transcription, Single transducer, and Hypoxia-inducible factor, which in turn regulates the inflammatory responses via Soluble mediators cytokines (such as Interleukin-6, Hematopoietin-1/Erythropoietin, and tumor necrosis factor), chemokines (such as Cyclooxygenase-2, C-X-C Motif chemokines ligand-8, and IL-8), inflammatory cells, cellular components (such as suppressor cells derived from myeloid, tumor-associated macrophage, and acidophils), and promotes tumorigenesis. The treatment of these chronic inflammatory diseases is challenging and needs early detection and diagnosis. Nanotechnology is a booming field nowadays for its rapid action and easy penetration inside the infected destined cells. Nanoparticles are widely classified into different categories based on their different factors and properties such as size, shape, cytotoxicity, and others. Nanoparticles emerged as excellent with highly progressive medical inventions to cure diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and others. Nanoparticles have shown higher binding capacity with the biomolecules in inflammation reduction and lowers the oxidative stress inside tissue/cells. In this review, we have overall discussed inflammatory pathways that link inflammation to cancer, major inflammatory diseases, and the potent action of nanoparticles in chronic inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riya Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore University, Banglore 560056, India
| | - Amka Nagar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics Inc., Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 0RE, UK
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2
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Morin SM, Majhi PD, Crisi GM, Gregory KJ, Franca R, Schalet B, Mason H, Casaubon JT, Cao QJ, Haddad S, Makari-Judson G, Jerry DJ, Schneider SS. Interindividual variation contributes to differential PCB 126 induced gene expression in primary breast epithelial cells and tissues. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113722. [PMID: 35724515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PCB 126 is a pervasive, dioxin-like chemical pollutant which can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Despite being banned from the market, PCB 126 can be detected in breast milk to this day. The extent to which interindividual variation impacts the adverse responses to this chemical in the breast tissue remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of 3 nM PCB 126 on gene expression in a panel of genetically diverse benign human breast epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures and patient derived breast tissues. Six patient derived HBEC cultures were treated with 3 nM PCB 126. RNAseq was used to interrogate the impact of exposure on differential gene expression. Gene expression changes from the top critical pathways were confirmed via qRT-PCR in a larger panel of benign patient derived HBEC cultures, as well as in patient-derived breast tissue explant cultures. RNAseq analysis of HBEC cultures revealed a signature of 144 genes significantly altered by 3 nM PCB 126 treatment. Confirmation of 8 targets using a panel of 12 HBEC cultures and commercially available breast cell lines demonstrated that while the induction of canonical downstream target gene, CYP1A1, was consistent across our primary HBECs, other genes including AREG, S100A8, IL1A, IL1B, MMP7, and CCL28 exhibited significant variability across individuals. The dependence on the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was confirmed using inhibitors. PCB 126 can induce significant and consistent changes in gene expression associated with xenobiotic metabolism in benign breast epithelial cells. Although the induction of most genes was reliant on the AhR, significant variability was noted between genes and individuals. These data suggest that there is a bifurcation of the pathway following AhR activation that contributes to the variation in interindividual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Morin
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Prabin Dhangada Majhi
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Giovanna M Crisi
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Pathology, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Kelly J Gregory
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Renata Franca
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Benjamin Schalet
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Holly Mason
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Jesse Thomas Casaubon
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Qing Jackie Cao
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Pathology, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Sandra Haddad
- Dept of Science, Bay Path University, Longmeadow, MA 01106, United States
| | - Grace Makari-Judson
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States.
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3
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Jiang H, Zhang S. Therapeutic effect of acute and chronic use of different doses of vitamin D3 on seizure responses and cognitive impairments induced by pentylenetetrazole in immature male rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:84-95. [PMID: 35656438 PMCID: PMC9118278 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.60123.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic intake of different doses of vitamin D3 on seizure responses and cognitive impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in immature male rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six immature male NMRI rats were divided into control (10), epileptic (10), and treatment groups (46). The stage 5 latency (S5L) and stage 5 duration (S5D) were assessed along with the shuttle box test. Levels of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory factors along with genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mTORc1 were measured in the hippocampus tissue of the brain of controlled and treated rats. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were also assessed. Results: The results showed that the ability to learn, memory consolidation, and memory retention in epileptic rats were reduced. In addition, S5D increased and S5L decreased in epileptic rats, while being effectively ameliorated by chronic and acute vitamin D intake. The results showed that vitamin D in different doses acutely and chronically decreased the levels of oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in hippocampus tissue and inhibited the expression of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mTORc1 in the hippocampus tissue of epileptic rats. Conclusion: The results showed that vitamin D in different doses acutely and chronically could improve cognitive impairments and convulsive responses in epileptic rats by improving neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatric, Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan, 714000, China
| | - Suying Zhang
- Department of Child Health, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, 714000, China
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4
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Vu LD, Phan ATQ, Hijano DR, Siefker DT, Tillman H, Cormier SA. IL-1β Promotes Expansion of IL-33+ Lung Epithelial Stem Cells Following RSV Infection During Infancy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:312-322. [PMID: 34861136 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0313oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced immunopathogenesis and disease severity in neonatal mice and human infants have been related to elevated pulmonary IL-33. Thus, targeting IL-33 has been suggested as a potential therapy for respiratory viral infections. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms on IL-33 during early life remain unclear. Here, using a neonatal mouse model of RSV, we demonstrate that IL-1β positively regulates but is not required for RSV-induced expression of pulmonary IL-33 in neonatal mice early after the initial infection. Exogenous IL-1β upregulates RSV-induced IL-33 expression by promoting the proliferation of IL-33pos lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells (EpiSPC). These cells are exclusively detected in RSV-infected neonatal rather than adult mice, partially explaining the IL-1β-independent IL-33 expression in RSV-infected adult mice. Furthermore, IL-1β aggravates IL-33 mediated Th2 biased immunopathogenesis upon reinfection. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IL-1β exacerbates IL-33 mediated RSV immunopathogenesis by promoting the proliferation of IL-33pos EpiSPC in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan D Vu
- Louisiana State University College of Science, 124525, Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Anh T Q Phan
- Louisiana State University College of Science, 124525, Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Diego R Hijano
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 5417, Department of Infectious Diseases,, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - David T Siefker
- Louisiana State University, 5779, Department of Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Heather Tillman
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 5417, Department of Infectious Diseases,, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Louisiana State University and A&M College, 5779, Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States;
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5
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Reischl S, Lee JH, Miltschitzky JRE, Vieregge V, Walter RL, Twardy V, Kasajima A, Friess H, Kamaly N, Neumann PA. Ac2-26-Nanoparticles Induce Resolution of Intestinal Inflammation and Anastomotic Healing via Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in a Model of Perioperative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1379-1393. [PMID: 33512505 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although in most patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, conservative therapy is successful, a significant proportion of patients still require surgery once in their lifetime. Development of a safe perioperative treatment to dampen colitis activity without disturbance of anastomotic healing is an urgent and unmet medical need. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been shown to be effective in reducing colitis activity. Herein, a nanoparticle-based perioperative treatment approach was used for analysis of the effects of ANXA1 on the resolution of inflammation after surgery for colitis. METHODS Anxa1-knockout mice were used to delineate the effects of ANXA1 on anastomotic healing. A murine model of preoperative dextran sodium sulfate colitis was performed. Collagen-IV-targeted polymeric nanoparticles, loaded with the ANXA1 biomimetic peptide Ac2-26 (Ac2-26-NPs), were synthesized and administered perioperatively during colitis induction. The effects of the Ac2-26-NPs on postoperative recovery and anastomotic healing were evaluated using the disease activity index, histological healing scores, and weight monitoring. Ultimately, whole-genome RNA sequencing of the anastomotic tissue was performed to unravel underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Anxa1-knockout exacerbated the inflammatory response in the healing anastomosis. Treatment with Ac2-26-NPs improved preoperative colitis activity (P < 0.045), postoperative healing scores (P < 0.018), and weight recovery (P < 0.015). Whole-genome RNA sequencing revealed that the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling was associated with the treatment effects and a phenotypic switch toward anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Proresolving therapy with Ac2-26-NPs promises to be a potent perioperative therapy because it improves colitis activity and even intestinal anastomotic healing by the suppression of proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reischl
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vincent Vieregge
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Leon Walter
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Twardy
- University of Muenster, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Muenster, Germany
| | - Atsuko Kasajima
- Technical Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Entelon ® ( Vitis vinifera Seed Extract) Prevents Cancer Metastasis via the Downregulation of Interleukin-1 Alpha in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123644. [PMID: 34203721 PMCID: PMC8232270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL1) is a proinflammatory cytokine and promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness in a diversity of cancers, such as breast and colon cancer. Here, we focused on the pharmacological effect of Entelon® (ETL) on the tumorigenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by IL1-alpha (IL1A). IL1A enhanced the cell growth and invasiveness of TNBC cells. We observed that abnormal IL1A induction is related with the poor prognosis of TNBC patients. IL1A also increased a variety of chemokines such as CCL2 and IL8. Interestingly, IL1A expression was reduced by the ETL treatment. Here, we found that ETL significantly decreased the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in TNBC cells. IL1A expression was reduced by UO126. Lastly, we studied the effect of ETL on the metastatic potential of TNBC cells. Our results showed that ETL significantly reduced the lung metastasis of TNBC cells. Our results showed that IL1A expression was regulated by the MEK/ERK- and PI3K/AKT-dependent pathway. Taken together, ETL inhibited the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppressing the lung metastasis of TNBC cells through downregulation of IL1A. Therefore, we propose the possibility of ETL as an effective adjuvant for treating TNBC.
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7
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Dúcka M, Kučeríková M, Trčka F, Červinka J, Biglieri E, Šmarda J, Borsig L, Beneš P, Knopfová L. c-Myb interferes with inflammatory IL1α-NF-κB pathway in breast cancer cells. Neoplasia 2021; 23:326-336. [PMID: 33621853 PMCID: PMC7905261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Myb can be involved in the activation of many genes with protumorigenic function; however, its role in breast cancer (BC) development is still under discussion. c-Myb is considered as a tumor-promoting factor in the early phases of BC, on the other hand, its expression in BC patients relates to a good prognosis. Previously, we have shown that c-Myb controls the capacity of BC cells to form spontaneous lung metastasis. Reduced seeding of BC cells to the lungs is linked to high expression of c-Myb and a decline in expression of a specific set of inflammatory genes. Here, we unraveled a c-Myb-IL1α-NF-κB signaling axis that takes place in tumor cells. We report that an overexpression of c-Myb interfered with the activity of NF-κB in several BC cell lines. We identified IL1α to be essential for this interference since it was abrogated in the IL1α-deficient cells. Overexpression of IL1α, as well as addition of recombinant IL1α protein, activated NF-κB signaling and restored expression of the inflammatory signature genes suppressed by c-Myb. The endogenous levels of c-Myb negatively correlated with IL1α on both transcriptional and protein levels across BC cell lines. We concluded that inhibition of IL1α expression by c-Myb reduces NF-κB activity and disconnects the inflammatory circuit, a potentially targetable mechanism to mimic the antimetastatic effect of c-Myb with therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dúcka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kučeríková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Trčka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červinka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabetta Biglieri
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Šmarda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Beneš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Knopfová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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8
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Zhao J, Mohan N, Nussinov R, Ma B, Wu WJ. Trastuzumab Blocks the Receiver Function of HER2 Leading to the Population Shifts of HER2-Containing Homodimers and Heterodimers. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 33557368 PMCID: PMC7931022 DOI: 10.3390/antib10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2, a member of the Erythroblastosis Protein B/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (ErbB/HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in 20~30% of human breast cancers. Trastuzumab, a HER2-targeted therapeutic monoclonal antibody, was developed to interfere with the homodimerization of HER2 in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, which attenuates HER2-mediated signaling. Trastuzumab binds to the domain IV of the HER2 extracellular domain and does not directly block the dimerization interface of HER2-HER2 molecules. The three-dimensional structures of the tyrosine kinase domains of ErbB/HER family receptors show asymmetrical packing of the two monomers with distinct conformations. One monomer functions as an activator, whereas the other acts as a receiver. Once activated, the receiver monomer phosphorylates the activator or other proteins. Interestingly, in our previous work, we found that the binding of trastuzumab induced phosphorylation of HER2 with the phosphorylation pattern of HER2 that is different from that mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Binding of trastuzumab to HER2 promoted an allosteric effect of HER2, in both tyrosine kinase domain and ectodomain of HER2 although details of allosteric regulation were missing. In this study, we utilized molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model the allosteric consequences of trastuzumab binding to HER2 homodimers and heterodimers, along with the apo forms as controls. We focused on the conformational changes of HER2 in its monomeric and dimeric forms. The data indicated the apparent dual role of trastuzumab as an antagonist and an agonist. The molecular details of the simulation provide an atomic level description and molecular insight into the action of HER2-targeted antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
- Interagency Oncology Task Force (IOTF) Fellowship: Oncology Product Research/Review Fellow, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nishant Mohan
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (R.N.)
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (R.N.)
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
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9
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Trenker R, Jura N. Receptor tyrosine kinase activation: From the ligand perspective. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:174-185. [PMID: 32114309 PMCID: PMC7813211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are single-span transmembrane receptors in which relatively conserved intracellular kinase domains are coupled to divergent extracellular modules. The extracellular domains initiate receptor signaling upon binding to either soluble or membrane-embedded ligands. The diversity of extracellular domain structures allows for coupling of many unique signaling inputs to intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation. The combinatorial power of this receptor system is further increased by the fact that multiple ligands can typically interact with the same receptor. Such ligands often act as biased agonists and initiate distinct signaling responses via activation of the same receptor. Mechanisms behind such biased agonism are largely unknown for RTKs, especially at the level of receptor-ligand complex structure. Using recent progress in understanding the structures of active RTK signaling units, we discuss selected mechanisms by which ligands couple receptor activation to distinct signaling outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trenker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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10
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Hannan CJ, Lewis D, O'Leary C, Donofrio CA, Evans DG, Roncaroli F, Brough D, King AT, Coope D, Pathmanaban ON. The inflammatory microenvironment in vestibular schwannoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa023. [PMID: 32642684 PMCID: PMC7212860 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas are tumors arising from the vestibulocochlear nerve at the cerebellopontine angle. Their proximity to eloquent brainstem structures means that the pathology itself and the treatment thereof can be associated with significant morbidity. The vast majority of these tumors are sporadic, with the remainder arising as a result of the genetic syndrome Neurofibromatosis Type 2 or, more rarely, LZTR1-related schwannomatosis. The natural history of these tumors is extremely variable, with some tumors not displaying any evidence of growth, others demonstrating early, persistent growth and a small number growing following an extended period of indolence. Emerging evidence now suggests that far from representing Schwann cell proliferation only, the tumor microenvironment is complex, with inflammation proposed to play a key role in their growth. In this review, we provide an overview of this new evidence, including the role played by immune cell infiltration, the underlying molecular pathways involved, and biomarkers for detecting this inflammation in vivo. Given the limitations of current treatments, there is a pressing need for novel therapies to aid in the management of this condition, and we conclude by proposing areas for future research that could lead to the development of therapies targeted toward inflammation in vestibular schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal John Hannan
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire O'Leary
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Carmine A Donofrio
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Dafydd Gareth Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Thomas King
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Coope
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Omar Nathan Pathmanaban
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Wang X, Fang Y, Sun W, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Wei X, Ding X, Xu Y. Endocrinotherapy resistance of prostate and breast cancer: Importance of the NF‑κB pathway (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1064-1074. [PMID: 32319568 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) are two common sex hormone‑related cancer types with high rates of morbidity, and are leading causes of cancer death globally in men and women, respectively. The biological function of androgen or estrogen is a key factor for PCa or BCa tumorigenesis, respectively. Nevertheless, after hormone deprivation therapy, the majority of patients ultimately develop hormone‑independent malignancies that are resistant to endocrinotherapy. It is widely recognized, therefore, that understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process from hormone dependence towards hormone independence is critical to discover molecular targets for the control of advanced PCa and BCa. This review aimed to dissect the important mechanisms involved in the therapeutic resistance of PCa and BCa. It was concluded that activation of the NF‑κB pathway is an important common mechanism for metastasis and therapeutic resistance of the two types of cancer; in particular, the RelB‑activated noncanonical NF‑κB pathway appears to be able to lengthen and strengthen NF‑κB activity, which has been a focus of recent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yao Fang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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12
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Giordano A, Liu Y, Armeson K, Park Y, Ridinger M, Erlander M, Reuben J, Britten C, Kappler C, Yeh E, Ethier S. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibition synergizes with taxanes in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224420. [PMID: 31751384 PMCID: PMC6872222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within triple negative breast cancer, several molecular subtypes have been identified, underlying the heterogeneity of such an aggressive disease. The basal-like subtype is characterized by mutations in the TP53 gene, and is associated with a low pathologic complete response rate following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In a genome-scale short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen of breast cancer cells, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was a frequent and strong hit in the basal breast cancer cell lines indicating its importance for growth and survival of these breast cancer cells. Plk1 regulates progression of cells through the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. We assessed the activity of two ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitors, GSK461364 and onvansertib, alone and with a taxane in a set of triple negative breast cancer cell lines and in vivo. GSK461364 showed synergism with docetaxel in SUM149 (Combination Index 0.70) and SUM159 (CI, 0.62). GSK461364 in combination with docetaxel decreased the clonogenic potential (interaction test for SUM149 and SUM159, p<0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and the tumorsphere formation of SUM149 and SUM159 (interaction test, p = 0.01 and p< 0.001). In the SUM159 xenograft model, onvansertib plus paclitaxel significantly decreased tumor volume compared to single agent paclitaxel (p<0.0001). Inhibition of Plk1 in combination with taxanes shows promising results in a subset of triple negative breast cancer intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy. Onvansertib showed significant tumor volume shrinkage when combined with paclitaxel in vivo and should be considered in clinical trials for the treatment of triple negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yeonhee Park
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maya Ridinger
- Trovagene Oncology, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Erlander
- Trovagene Oncology, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - James Reuben
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Britten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christiana Kappler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Stephen Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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13
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Impact of Nuclear Interleukin-1 Alpha and EGFR Expression on Recurrence and Survival Outcomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5859680. [PMID: 31320902 PMCID: PMC6607721 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5859680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in inflammation and immune response and is upregulated in many solid tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Although IL-1α expression is generally associated with poor prognosis, the implications of the subcellular localization of IL-1α expression in patient outcomes are poorly understood. This study is aimed at investigating the prognostic value of nuclear and cytoplasmic immunohistochemical IL-1α expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Tissue microarrays containing 146 OSCCs were analyzed for IL-1α and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression by immunohistochemistry. IL-1α and EGFR expression scores were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes. IL-1α expression was observed in the nuclear and/or cytoplasmic compartments in 98% of evaluable tumors and 78% of tumors expressed IL-1α in both compartments. There were no differences observed in overall survival or progression-free survival between high, moderate, or negative IL-1α nuclear/cytoplasmic expression scores. When IL-1α nuclear/cytoplasmic expression scores were stratified by positive or negative EGFR expression, tumors with a combined EGFR-positive and high nuclear IL-1α expression profile were significantly more likely to possess perineural invasion and were significantly associated with a high risk of tumor recurrence and worse progression-free survival compared to all other EGFR and combined IL-1α/EGFR expression profiles. Altogether, nuclear IL-1α expression may enhance the prognostic value of EGFR in OSCC and warrants further study as a prognostic biomarker for recurrence.
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14
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Spörrer M, Prochnicki A, Tölle RC, Nyström A, Esser PR, Homberg M, Athanasiou I, Zingkou E, Schilling A, Gerum R, Thievessen I, Winter L, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Fabry B, Magin TM, Dengjel J, Schröder R, Kiritsi D. Treatment of keratinocytes with 4-phenylbutyrate in epidermolysis bullosa: Lessons for therapies in keratin disorders. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:502-515. [PMID: 31078522 PMCID: PMC6603805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Missense mutations in keratin 5 and 14 genes cause the severe skin fragility disorder epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) by collapsing of the keratin cytoskeleton into cytoplasmic protein aggregates. Despite intense efforts, no molecular therapies are available, mostly due to the complex phenotype of EBS, comprising cell fragility, diminished adhesion, skin inflammation and itch. Methods We extensively characterized KRT5 and KRT14 mutant keratinocytes from patients with severe generalized EBS following exposure to the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). Findings 4-PBA diminished keratin aggregates within EBS cells and ameliorated their inflammatory phenotype. Chemoproteomics of 4-PBA-treated and untreated EBS cells revealed reduced IL1β expression- but also showed activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-kB pathways. The abundance of extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal proteins was significantly altered, coinciding with diminished keratinocyte adhesion and migration in a 4-PBA dose-dependent manner. Interpretation Together, our study reveals a complex interplay of benefits and disadvantages that challenge the use of 4-PBA in skin fragility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Spörrer
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ania Prochnicki
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regine C Tölle
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Homberg
- Institute of Biology and SIKT, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ioannis Athanasiou
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lilli Winter
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and SIKT, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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15
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Kefaloyianni E, Muthu ML, Kaeppler J, Sun X, Sabbisetti V, Chalaris A, Rose-John S, Wong E, Sagi I, Waikar SS, Rennke H, Humphreys BD, Bonventre JV, Herrlich A. ADAM17 substrate release in proximal tubule drives kidney fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 1:87023. [PMID: 27642633 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis following kidney injury is an unresolved health problem and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In a study into its molecular mechanism, we identified essential causative features. Acute or chronic kidney injury causes sustained elevation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17); of its cleavage-activated proligand substrates, in particular of pro-TNFα and the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (pro-AREG); and of the substrates' receptors. As a consequence, EGFR is persistently activated and triggers the synthesis and release of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, resulting in macrophage/neutrophil ingress and fibrosis. ADAM17 hypomorphic mice, specific ADAM17 inhibitor-treated WT mice, or mice with inducible KO of ADAM17 in proximal tubule (Slc34a1-Cre) were significantly protected against these effects. In vitro, in proximal tubule cells, we show that AREG has unique profibrotic actions that are potentiated by TNFα-induced AREG cleavage. In vivo, in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD, fibrosis) patients, soluble AREG is indeed highly upregulated in human urine, and both ADAM17 and AREG expression show strong positive correlation with fibrosis markers in related kidney biopsies. Our results indicate that targeting of the ADAM17 pathway represents a therapeutic target for human kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jakob Kaeppler
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Athena Chalaris
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eitan Wong
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helmut Rennke
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Abstract
A rapidly growing body of evidence supports the premise that neuroinflammation plays an important role in initiating and sustaining seizures in a range of pediatric epilepsies. Clinical and experimental evidence indicate that neuroinflammation is both an outcome and a contributor to seizures. In this manner, seizures that arise from an initial insult (e.g. infection, trauma, genetic mutation) contribute to an inflammatory response that subsequently promotes recurrent seizures. This cyclical relationship between seizures and neuroinflammation has been described as a 'vicious cycle.' Studies of human tissue resected for surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy have reported activated inflammatory and immune signaling pathways, while animal models have been used to demonstrate that key inflammatory mediators lead to increased seizure susceptibility. Further characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in this cycle may ultimately enable the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of epilepsy. In this brief review we focus on key inflammatory mediators that have become prominent in recent literature of epilepsy, including newly characterized microRNAs and their potential role in neuroinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bagla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Room 3L22, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alan A Dombkowski
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Room 3L22, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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17
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Yang A, Qin S, Schulte BA, Ethier SP, Tew KD, Wang GY. MYC Inhibition Depletes Cancer Stem-like Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6641-6650. [PMID: 28951456 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are selectively enriched in residual tumors after anticancer therapies, which may account for tumor recurrence and metastasis by regenerating new tumors. Thus, there is a critical need to develop new therapeutic agents that can effectively eliminate drug-resistant CSCs and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we report that Triptolide (C1572), a small-molecule natural product, selectively depletes CSCs in a dose-dependent fashion in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Nanomolar concentrations of C1572 markedly reduced c-MYC (MYC) protein levels via a proteasome-dependent mechanism. Silencing MYC expression phenocopied the CSC depletion effects of C1572 and induced senescence in TNBC cells. Limited dilution assays revealed that ex vivo treatment of TNBC cells with C1572 reduced CSC levels by 28-fold. In mouse xenograft models of human TNBC, administration of C1572 suppressed tumor growth and depleted CSCs in a manner correlated with diminished MYC expression in residual tumor tissues. Together, these new findings provide a preclinical proof of concept defining C1572 as a promising therapeutic agent to eradicate CSCs for drug-resistant TNBC treatment. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6641-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shenghui Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bradley A Schulte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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18
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Speyer CL, Bukhsh MA, Jafry WS, Sexton RE, Bandyopadhyay S, Gorski DH. Riluzole synergizes with paclitaxel to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:407-419. [PMID: 28780701 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One in eight women will develop breast cancer, 15-20% of whom will have triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer with no current targeted therapy. We have demonstrated that riluzole, an FDA-approved drug for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inhibits growth of TNBC. In this study, we explore potential synergism between riluzole and paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat TNBC, in regulating TNBC proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. METHODS TNBC cells were treated with paclitaxel and/or riluzole and synergistic effects on cell proliferation were quantified via MTT assay and CompuSyn analysis. Apoptosis was observed morphologically and by measuring cleaved PARP/caspase three products. Microarray analysis was performed using MDA-MB-231 cells to examine cell cycle genes regulated by riluzole and any enhanced effects on paclitaxel-mediated cell cycle arrest, determined by FACS analysis. These results were confirmed in vivo using a MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. RESULTS Strong enhanced or synergistic effects of riluzole on paclitaxel regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis was demonstrated in all TNBC cells tested as well as in the xenograft model. The MDA-MB-231, SUM149, and SUM229 cells, which are resistant to paclitaxel treatment, demonstrated the strongest synergistic or enhanced effect. Key protein kinases were shown to be upregulated in this study by riluzole as well as downstream cell cycle genes regulated by these kinases. CONCLUSIONS All TNBC cells tested responded synergistically to riluzole and paclitaxel strongly suggesting the usefulness of this combinatorial treatment strategy in TNBC, especially for patients whose tumors are relatively resistant to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia L Speyer
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode: HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Miriam A Bukhsh
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 2200 N. Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Waris S Jafry
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode: HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Rachael E Sexton
- Michigan State University, 426 Auditorium Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David H Gorski
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode: HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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19
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Sisto M, Lorusso L, Ingravallo G, Lisi S. Exocrine Gland Morphogenesis: Insights into the Role of Amphiregulin from Development to Disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:477-499. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Challenging a Misnomer? The Role of Inflammatory Pathways in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4754827. [PMID: 28607534 PMCID: PMC5457777 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4754827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare, yet highly aggressive form of breast cancer, which accounts for less than 5% of all locally advanced presentations. The clinical presentation of inflammatory breast cancer often differs significantly from that of noninflammatory breast cancer; however, immunohistochemistry reveals few, if any, distinguishing features. The more aggressive triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes are overrepresented in inflammatory breast cancer compared with noninflammatory breast cancer, with a poorer prognosis in response to conventional therapies. Despite its name, there remains some controversy regarding the role of inflammation in inflammatory breast cancer. This review summarises the current molecular evidence suggesting that inflammatory signaling pathways are upregulated in this disease, including NF-κB activation and excessive IL-6 production among others, which may provide an avenue for novel therapeutics. The role of the tumor microenvironment, through tumor-associated macrophages, infiltrating lymphocytes, and cancer stem cells is also discussed, suggesting that these tumor extrinsic factors may help account for the differences in behavior between inflammatory breast cancer and noninflammatory breast cancer. While there are various novel treatment strategies already underway in clinical trials, the need for further development of preclinical models of this rare but aggressive disease is paramount.
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21
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Carney K, Chang YMR, Wilson S, Calnan C, Reddy PS, Chan WY, Gilmartin T, Hernandez G, Schaffer L, Head SR, Morley J, de Mestre A, Affleck K, Garden OA. Regulatory T-cell-intrinsic amphiregulin is dispensable for suppressive function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1907-1909. [PMID: 27040371 PMCID: PMC4889774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Carney
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Ruby Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Wilson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Platform Technology and Science R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Calnan
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pala S Reddy
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Win-Yan Chan
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanne Morley
- GlaxoSmithKline, Respiratory R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda de Mestre
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Affleck
- GlaxoSmithKline, Respiratory R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A Garden
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Ronan T, Macdonald-Obermann JL, Huelsmann L, Bessman NJ, Naegle KM, Pike LJ. Different Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Agonists Produce Unique Signatures for the Recruitment of Downstream Signaling Proteins. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5528-5540. [PMID: 26786109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The EGF receptor can bind seven different agonist ligands. Although each agonist appears to stimulate the same suite of downstream signaling proteins, different agonists are capable of inducing distinct responses in the same cell. To determine the basis for these differences, we used luciferase fragment complementation imaging to monitor the recruitment of Cbl, CrkL, Gab1, Grb2, PI3K, p52 Shc, p66 Shc, and Shp2 to the EGF receptor when stimulated by the seven EGF receptor ligands. Recruitment of all eight proteins was rapid, dose-dependent, and inhibited by erlotinib and lapatinib, although to differing extents. Comparison of the time course of recruitment of the eight proteins in response to a fixed concentration of each growth factor revealed differences among the growth factors that could contribute to their differing biological effects. Principal component analysis of the resulting data set confirmed that the recruitment of these proteins differed between agonists and also between different doses of the same agonist. Ensemble clustering of the overall response to the different growth factors suggests that these EGF receptor ligands fall into two major groups as follows: (i) EGF, amphiregulin, and EPR; and (ii) betacellulin, TGFα, and epigen. Heparin-binding EGF is distantly related to both clusters. Our data identify differences in network utilization by different EGF receptor agonists and highlight the need to characterize network interactions under conditions other than high dose EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ronan
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering and
| | - Jennifer L Macdonald-Obermann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Lorel Huelsmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Nicholas J Bessman
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059
| | - Kristen M Naegle
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering and.
| | - Linda J Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and.
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Haarberg KMK, Wymore Brand MJ, Overstreet AMC, Hauck CC, Murphy PA, Hostetter JM, Ramer-Tait AE, Wannemuehler MJ. Orally administered extract from Prunella vulgaris attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a -/- mice. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2015; 6:223-237. [PMID: 26558156 PMCID: PMC4635162 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the ability of a Prunella vulgaris (P. vulgaris) ethanolic extract to attenuate spontaneous typhlocolitis in mdr1a-/- mice.
METHODS: Vehicle (5% ethanol) or P. vulgaris ethanolic extract (2.4 mg/d) were administered daily by oral gavage to mdr1a-/- or wild type FVBWT mice from 6 wk of age up to 20 wk of age. Clinical signs of disease were noted by monitoring weight loss. Mice experiencing weight loss in excess of 15% were removed from the study. At the time mice were removed from the study, blood and colon tissue were collected for analyses that included histological evaluation of lesions, inflammatory cytokine levels, and myeloperoxidase activity.
RESULTS: Administration of P. vulgaris extracts to mdr1a-/- mice delayed onset of colitis and reduced severity of mucosal inflammation when compared to vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice. Oral administration of the P. vulgaris extract resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) serum levels of IL-10 (4.6 ± 2 vs 19.4 ± 4), CXCL9 (1319.0 ± 277 vs 3901.0 ± 858), and TNFα (9.9 ± 3 vs 14.8 ± 1) as well as reduced gene expression by more than two-fold for Ccl2, Ccl20, Cxcl1, Cxcl9, IL-1α, Mmp10, VCAM-1, ICAM, IL-2, and TNFα in the colonic mucosa of mdr1a-/- mice compared to vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice. Histologically, several microscopic parameters were reduced (P < 0.05) in P. vulgaris-treated mdr1a-/- mice, as was myeloperoxidase activity in the colon (2.49 ± 0.16 vs 3.36 ± 0.06, P < 0.05). The numbers of CD4+ T cells (2031.9 ± 412.1 vs 5054.5 ± 809.5) and germinal center B cells (2749.6 ± 473.7 vs 4934.0 ± 645.9) observed in the cecal tonsils of P. vulgaris-treated mdr1a-/- were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) from vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice. Vehicle-treated mdr1a-/- mice were found to produce serum antibodies to antigens derived from members of the intestinal microbiota, indicative of severe colitis and a loss of adaptive tolerance to the members of the microbiota. These serum antibodies were greatly reduced or absent in P. vulgaris-treated mdr1a-/- mice.
CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory activity of P. vulgaris ethanolic extract effectively attenuated the severity of intestinal inflammation in mdr1a-/- mice.
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Perspectives on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Regulation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Ligand-Mediated Mechanisms of Receptor Regulation and Potential for Clinical Targeting. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 127:253-81. [PMID: 26093903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective targeted therapies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) indicating a critical unmet need for breast cancer patients. Tumors that fall into the triple-negative category of breast cancers do not respond to the targeted therapies currently approved for breast cancer treatment, such as endocrine therapy (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors) or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors (trastuzumab, lapatinib), because these tumors lack the most common breast cancer markers: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. While many patients with TNBC respond to chemotherapy, subsets of patients fare poorly and relapse very quickly. Studies indicate that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overrepresented in TNBC (>50%), suggesting EGFR could be used as a biomarker and target in breast cancer. While it is clear that this growth factor receptor plays an integral role in TNBC, little is known about the mechanisms of sustained EGFR activation and how to target this protein despite availability of EGFR-targeted inhibitors, suggesting that our understanding of EGFR deregulation in TNBC is incomplete.
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Wu CH, Li KJ, Yu CL, Tsai CY, Hsieh SC. Sjögren's Syndrome Antigen B Acts as an Endogenous Danger Molecule to Induce Interleukin-8 Gene Expression in Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125501. [PMID: 25915936 PMCID: PMC4411107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren's syndrome antigen B is expressed in the nucleus and surface membrane of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and is released after cell death. However, its biological role is not clear. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Sjögren's syndrome antigen B on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. METHODS Human recombinant Sjögren's syndrome antigen B (rSSB) purified from E. coli was incubated with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils as well as retinoid acid-induced granulocytic differentiated HL-60 cells, HL-60 (RA). Interleukin (IL)-8 protein production and mRNA expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-rSSB was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and nuclear factor-kappaB activation were investigated. RESULTS Human rSSB stimulated IL-8 production from normal human neutrophils and HL-60 (RA) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This IL-8-stimulated activity was blocked by chloroquine and NH4Cl, indicating that endosomal acidification is important for this effect. We found rSSB activated both MAPK pathway and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling to transcribe the IL-8 gene expression of cells. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α exerted an additive effect and rSSB-anti-SSB immune complex exhibited a synergistic effect on rSSB-induced IL-8 production. CONCLUSIONS Sjögren's syndrome antigen B might act as an endogenous danger molecule to enhance IL-8 gene expression in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kappler CS, Guest ST, Irish JC, Garrett-Mayer E, Kratche Z, Wilson RC, Ethier SP. Oncogenic signaling in amphiregulin and EGFR-expressing PTEN-null human breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:527-43. [PMID: 25454348 PMCID: PMC4304881 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and loss of PTEN, and patients with these determinants have a poor prognosis. We used cell line models of EGFR‐positive/PTEN null TNBC to elucidate the signaling networks that drive the malignant features of these cells and cause resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In these cells, amphiregulin (AREG)‐mediated activation of EGFR results in up‐regulation of fibronectin (FN1), which is known to be a mediator of invasive capacity via interaction with integrin β1. EGFR activity in this PTEN null background also results in Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling and activation of NF‐κB. In addition, AKT is constitutively phosphorylated in these cells and is resistant to gefitinib. Expression profiling demonstrated that AREG‐activated EGFR regulates gene expression differently than EGF‐activated EGFR, and functional analysis via genome‐scale shRNA screening identified a set of genes, including PLK1 and BIRC5, that are essential for survival of SUM‐149 cells, but are uncoupled from EGFR signaling. Thus, our results demonstrate that in cells with constitutive EGFR activation and PTEN loss, critical survival genes are uncoupled from regulation by EGFR, which likely mediates resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Activation of EGFR by AREG alters signaling and gene expression compared to EGF. Activation of EGFR by AREG reduces mTORC1 pathway expression and phosphorylation. EGF‐positive, PTEN‐null TNBC cells are poised for Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling. Wnt/beta‐catenin activity occurs in a subset of cells and is enhanced in mammospheres. Regulation of growth/survival genes is uncoupled from EGFR in PTEN‐null TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana S Kappler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Stephen T Guest
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jonathan C Irish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zachary Kratche
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Epithelial growth factor receptor-activated nuclear factor κB signaling and its role in epithelial growth factor receptor-associated tumors. Cancer J 2014; 19:461-7. [PMID: 24270344 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is directly associated with a number of cancers, such as brain, lung, and breast cancer. The downstream signaling pathways activated by EGFR have been extensively studied, such as PI3K/AKT pathway, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, and STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway. There are growing numbers of evidence suggesting that EGFR activates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is a key transcription factor controlling a variety of cellular functions. However, relatively less is known about the signal transduction mechanism that links EGFR to NF-κB activation. Here, we discuss recent progress in EGFR-induced NF-κB pathways, including the identification of CARMA3-Bcl10-MALT1 complex and protein kinase C[Latin Small Letter Open E] as 2 essential signaling components linking EGFR to the activation of IκBα kinase. In addition, we discuss the multifunctional roles of NF-κB in EGFR-associated tumors, including proliferation, tumor invasiveness, metabolism, tumor-promoting microenvironment, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.
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28
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Macdonald-Obermann JL, Pike LJ. Different epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands show distinct kinetics and biased or partial agonism for homodimer and heterodimer formation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26178-26188. [PMID: 25086039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The EGF receptor has seven different cognate ligands. Previous work has shown that these different ligands are capable of inducing different biological effects, even in the same cell. To begin to understand the molecular basis for this variation, we used luciferase fragment complementation to measure ligand-induced dimer formation and radioligand binding to study the effect of the ligands on subunit-subunit interactions in EGF receptor (EGFR) homodimers and EGFR/ErbB2 heterodimers. In luciferase fragment complementation imaging studies, amphiregulin (AREG) functioned as a partial agonist, inducing only about half as much total dimerization as the other three ligands. However, unlike the other ligands, AREG showed biphasic kinetics for dimer formation, suggesting that its path for EGF receptor activation involves binding to both monomers and preformed dimers. EGF, TGFα, and betacellulin (BTC) appear to mainly stimulate receptor activation through binding to and dimerization of receptor monomers. In radioligand binding assays, EGF and TGFα exhibited increased affinity for EGFR/ErbB2 heterodimers compared with EGFR homodimers. By contrast, BTC and AREG showed a similar affinity for both dimers. Thus, EGF and TGFα are biased agonists, whereas BTC and AREG are balanced agonists with respect to selectivity of dimer formation. These data suggest that the differences in biological response to different EGF receptor ligands may result from partial agonism for dimer formation, differences in the kinetic pathway utilized to generate activated receptor dimers, and biases in the formation of heterodimers versus homodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Macdonald-Obermann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Linda J Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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29
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Ubertini V, Norelli G, D'Arcangelo D, Gurtner A, Cesareo E, Baldari S, Gentileschi MP, Piaggio G, Nisticò P, Soddu S, Facchiano A, Bossi G. Mutant p53 gains new function in promoting inflammatory signals by repression of the secreted interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Oncogene 2014; 34:2493-504. [PMID: 24998848 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The TP53 tumor-suppressor gene is frequently mutated in human cancer. Missense mutations can add novel functions (gain-of-function, GOF) that promote tumor malignancy. Here we report that mutant (mut) p53 promotes tumor malignancy by suppressing the expression of a natural occurring anti-inflammatory cytokine, the secreted interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra, IL1RN). We show that mutp53 but not wild-type (wt) p53 suppresses the sIL-1Ra production in conditioned media of cancer cells. Moreover, mutp53, but not wtp53, binds physically the sIL-1Ra promoter and the protein-protein interaction with the transcriptional co-repressor MAFF (v-MAF musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein F) is required for mutp53-induced sIL-1Ra suppression. Remarkably, when exposed to IL-1 beta (IL-1β) inflammatory stimuli, mutp53 sustains a ready-to-be-activated in vitro and in vivo cancer cells' response through the sIL-1Ra repression. Taken together, these results identify sIL-1Ra as a novel mutp53 target gene, whose suppression might be required to generate a chronic pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment through which mutp53 promotes tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ubertini
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Norelli
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - D D'Arcangelo
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell'immacolata IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Gurtner
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - E Cesareo
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell'immacolata IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Baldari
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M P Gentileschi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Piaggio
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nisticò
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Soddu
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - A Facchiano
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell'immacolata IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Bossi
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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30
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Hou CH, Lin FL, Tong KB, Hou SM, Liu JF. Transforming growth factor alpha promotes osteosarcoma metastasis by ICAM-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:453-63. [PMID: 24685520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone and is characterized by a high malignant and metastatic potential. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is classified as the EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like family, which is involved in cancer cellular activities such as proliferation, motility, migration, adhesion and invasion abilities. However, the effect of TGF-α on human osteosarcoma is largely unknown. We found that TGF-α increased the cell migration and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human osteosarcoma cells. Transfection of cells with ICAM-1 siRNA reduced TGF-α-mediated cell migration. We also found that the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/NF-κB pathway was activated after TGF-α treatment, and TGF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 and cell migration was inhibited by the specific inhibitors and siRNAs of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB cascades. In addition, knockdown of TGF-α expression markedly decreased cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that TGF-α/EGFR interaction elicits PI3K and Akt activation, which in turn activates NF-κB, resulting in the expression of ICAM-1 and contributing the migration of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Biao Tong
- Veterinarian Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mon Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Berasain C, Avila MA. Amphiregulin. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 28:31-41. [PMID: 24463227 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor. AREG gene expression and release is induced by a plethora of stimuli including inflammatory lipids, cytokines, hormones, growth factors and xenobiotics. Through EGFR binding AREG activates major intracellular signaling cascades governing cell survival, proliferation and motility. Physiologically, AREG plays an important role in the development and maturation of mammary glands, bone tissue and oocytes. Chronic elevation of AREG expression is increasingly associated with different pathological conditions, mostly of inflammatory and/or neoplastic nature. Here we review the essential aspects of AREG structure, function and regulation, discuss the basis for its differential role within the EGFR family of ligands, and identify emerging aspects in AREG research with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, n55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; CIBERehd, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, n55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Matías A Avila
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, n55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; CIBERehd, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, n55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Salcedo R, Cataisson C, Hasan U, Yuspa SH, Trinchieri G. MyD88 and its divergent toll in carcinogenesis. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:379-89. [PMID: 23660392 PMCID: PMC3847901 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like and interleukin-1 (IL-1) family receptors recognize microbial or endogenous ligands and inflammatory mediators, respectively, and with the exception of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), signal via the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). MyD88 is involved in oncogene-induced cell intrinsic inflammation and in cancer-associated extrinsic inflammation, and as such MyD88 contributes to skin, liver, pancreatic, and colon carcinogenesis, as well as sarcomagenesis. MyD88 is also protective, for example in oncogenic virus carcinogenesis or, acting downstream of IL-18R to strengthen mucosal repair, in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of the divergent effects of MyD88 and the balance of its protumor role in cancer-enhancing inflammation and immunity and its antitumor role in tissue homeostasis, repair, and immunity against the tumor or oncogenic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 217023, USA
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33
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New Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-012-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cataisson C, Salcedo R, Hakim S, Moffitt BA, Wright L, Yi M, Stephens R, Dai RM, Lyakh L, Schenten D, Yuspa HS, Trinchieri G. IL-1R-MyD88 signaling in keratinocyte transformation and carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1689-702. [PMID: 22908325 PMCID: PMC3428947 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively active RAS plays a central role in the development of human cancer and is sufficient to induce tumors in two-stage skin carcinogenesis. RAS-mediated tumor formation is commonly associated with up-regulation of cytokines and chemokines that mediate an inflammatory response considered relevant to oncogenesis. In this study, we report that mice lacking IL-1R or MyD88 are less sensitive to topical skin carcinogenesis than their respective wild-type (WT) controls. MyD88(-/-) or IL-1R(-/-) keratinocytes expressing oncogenic RAS are hyperproliferative and fail to up-regulate proinflammatory genes or down-regulate differentiation markers characteristic of RAS-expressing WT keratinocytes. Although RAS-expressing MyD88(-/-) keratinocytes form only a few small tumors in orthotopic grafts, IL-1R-deficient RAS-expressing keratinocytes retain the ability to form tumors in orthotopic grafts. Using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we find that the differentiation and proinflammatory effects of oncogenic RAS in keratinocytes require the establishment of an autocrine loop through IL-1α, IL-1R, and MyD88 leading to phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB activation. Blocking IL-1α-mediated NF-κB activation in RAS-expressing WT keratinocytes reverses the differentiation defect and inhibits proinflammatory gene expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MyD88 exerts a cell-intrinsic function in RAS-mediated transformation of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Park SW, Kim MK, Kwon KH, Kim J. Association between a promoter polymorphism (rs2192752, -1028A/C) of interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1) and location of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a Korean population. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:501-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Thomas ZI, Gibson W, Sexton JZ, Aird KM, Ingram SM, Aldrich A, Lyerly HK, Devi GR, Williams KP. Targeting GLI1 expression in human inflammatory breast cancer cells enhances apoptosis and attenuates migration. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1575-86. [PMID: 21505458 PMCID: PMC3101910 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with distinct molecular profiles. Gene expression profiling previously identified sonic hedgehog (SHH) as part of a gene signature that is differentially regulated in IBC patients. Methods: The effects of reducing GLI1 levels on protein expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were determined by immunoblots, MTT assay, Annexin-V/PI assay and conventional and automated cell migration assays. Results: Evaluation of a panel of breast cancer cell lines revealed elevated GLI1 expression, typically a marker for hedgehog-pathway activation, in a triple-negative, highly invasive IBC cell line, SUM149 and its isogenic-derived counterpart rSUM149 that has acquired resistance to ErbB1/2 targeting strategies. Downregulation of GLI1 expression in SUM149 and rSUM149 by small interfering RNA or a small molecule GLI1 inhibitor resulted in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Further, GLI1 suppression in these cell lines significantly inhibited cell migration as assessed by a wound-healing assay compared with MCF-7, a non-invasive cell line with low GLI1 expression. A novel high-content migration assay allowed us to quantify multiple effects of GLI1 silencing including significant decreases in cell distance travelled and linearity of movement. Conclusion: Our data reveal a role for GLI1 in IBC cell proliferation, survival and migration, which supports the feasibility of targeting GLI1 as a novel therapeutic strategy for IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z I Thomas
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, Durham, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Zhou W, Guo S, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Leptin pro-angiogenic signature in breast cancer is linked to IL-1 signalling. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:128-37. [PMID: 21139583 PMCID: PMC3039812 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin and interleukin-1 (IL-1) upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promote angiogenesis and are related to worse prognosis of breast cancer. However, it is unknown whether leptin regulates IL-1, and whether these effects are related to leptin-induction of VEGF/VEGFR2 in breast cancer. METHODS Several genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to determine the mechanisms involved in leptin regulation of IL-1 system (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra and IL-1R tI) and the impact of IL-1 signalling on leptin-induced VEGF/VEGFR2 expression in mouse mammary cancer 4T1 cells (a model that resembles invasive and highly metastatic human breast cancer). RESULTS Leptin increased protein and mRNA levels of all components of the IL-1 system. IL-1 upregulation involved leptin activation of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK/ERK 1/2, PI-3K/AKT1, PKC, p38 and JNK. Leptin-induced phosphorylation of mTOR/4E-BP1 increased IL-1β and IL-1Ra expression, but downregulated IL-1α. Leptin upregulation of IL-1α promoter was linked to SP1 and NF-κB transcription factors. In addition, leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) was upregulated by leptin. Interestingly, leptin upregulation of VEGF/VEGFR2 was partially mediated by IL-1/IL-1R tI signalling. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that leptin induces several signalling pathways to upregulate the translational and transcriptional expression of IL-1 system in breast cancer cells. Moreover, leptin upregulation of VEGF/VEGFR2 was impaired by IL-1 signalling blockade. These data suggest that leptin pro-angiogenic signature in breast cancer is linked to, or regulated, in part by IL-1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Clinic Medicine & Pharmacy College of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110002, People's Republic of China
| | - S Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - R R Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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Qu Y, Wang J, Ray PS, Guo H, Huang J, Shin-Sim M, Bukoye BA, Liu B, Lee AV, Lin X, Huang P, Martens JW, Giuliano AE, Zhang N, Cheng NH, Cui X. Thioredoxin-like 2 regulates human cancer cell growth and metastasis via redox homeostasis and NF-κB signaling. J Clin Invest 2010; 121:212-25. [PMID: 21123948 DOI: 10.1172/jci43144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have an efficient antioxidant system to counteract their increased generation of ROS. However, whether this ability to survive high levels of ROS has an important role in the growth and metastasis of tumors is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the redox protein thioredoxin-like 2 (TXNL2) regulates the growth and metastasis of human breast cancer cells through a redox signaling mechanism. TXNL2 was found to be overexpressed in human cancers, including breast cancers. Knockdown of TXNL2 in human breast cancer cell lines increased ROS levels and reduced NF-κB activity, resulting in inhibition of in vitro proliferation, survival, and invasion. In addition, TXNL2 knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis and metastasis of these cells upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, analysis of primary breast cancer samples demonstrated that enhanced TXNL2 expression correlated with metastasis to the lung and brain and with decreased overall patient survival. Our studies provided insight into redox-based mechanisms underlying tumor growth and metastasis and suggest that TXNL2 could be a target for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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39
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Hsu D, Fukata M, Hernandez YG, Sotolongo JP, Goo T, Maki J, Hayes LA, Ungaro RC, Chen A, Breglio KJ, Xu R, Abreu MT. Toll-like receptor 4 differentially regulates epidermal growth factor-related growth factors in response to intestinal mucosal injury. J Transl Med 2010; 90:1295-305. [PMID: 20498653 PMCID: PMC10631458 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epiregulin (EPI) and amphiregulin (AR) are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands implicated in mucosal repair and tumorigenesis. We have shown that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induces intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation by activating EGFR through AR expression. We examined whether TLR4 differentially regulates expression of EGFR ligands in response to mucosal injury. The human IEC line SW480 was examined expression of EGFR ligands, EGFR phosphorylation, and proliferation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to block TLR4. Neutralizing antibodies to EGFR ligands were used to examine inhibition of LPS-dependent EGFR activation. Acute colitis and recovery were examined in the mice given 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Colonic secretion of EPI and AR was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LPS selectively induces EPI and AR but not other EGFR ligands. LPS induced early EPI mRNA expression between 30 min and 24 h. The neutralizing antibodies to EPI and AR prevented activation of EGFR by LPS. LPS induces IEC proliferation (200%, P=0.01) in 24 h but blocking EPI and AR significantly decreased proliferation. In vivo, mucosal EPI and AR expression are significantly decreased in TLR4(-/-) mice (P=0.02) compared to wild-type mice during acute colitis. EPI and AR exhibit different kinetics in response to mucosal damage: EPI expression is upregulated acutely at day 7 of DSS, but falls during recovery at day 14. By contrast, a sustained upregulation of AR expression is seen during mucosal injury and repair. We show that TLR4 regulates EPI and AR expression and that both these EGFR ligands are necessary for optimal proliferation of IEC. The diverse kinetics of EPI and AR expression suggest that they function in distinct roles with respect to acute injury vs repair. Our results highlight the role of bacterial sensing for IEC homeostasis and may lead to targeted therapy for mucosal healing and prevention of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Li QQ, Chen ZQ, Cao XX, Xu JD, Xu JW, Chen YY, Wang WJ, Chen Q, Tang F, Liu XP, Xu ZD. Involvement of NF-κB/miR-448 regulatory feedback loop in chemotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2010; 18:16-25. [PMID: 20798686 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by chemotherapeutic agents promotes malignant tumor progression; however, the mechanism underlying the drug-induced EMT remains unclear. In this study, we reported that miR-448 is the most downregulated microRNA following chemotherapy. Suppression of miR-448 correlated with EMT induction in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. With the use of chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq analysis, we demonstrated that miR-448 suppression induces EMT by directly targeting special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1) mRNA, leading to elevated levels of amphiregulin and thereby, increasing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated Twist1 expression, as well as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. On the other hand, we also found that the adriamycin-activated NF-κB directly binds the promoter of miR-448 suppressing its transcription, suggesting a positive feedback loop between NF-κB and miR-448. Furthermore, all patients who received cyclophosphamide (CP), epirubicin plus taxotere/CP, epirubicin plus 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy showed miR-448 suppression, an increased SATB1, Twist1 expression and acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes. These findings reveal an underlying regulatory pathway, in which the autoregulation between NF-κB and miR-448 is important for restrain miR-448 suppression upon chemotherapy and may have a role in the regulation of chemotherapy-induced EMT. Disruption of the NF-κB-miR-448 feedback loop during clinical treatment may improve the chemotherapy response of human breast cancers in which EMT is a critical component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-Q Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Khan GN, Gorin MA, Rosenthal D, Pan Q, Bao LW, Wu ZF, Newman RA, Pawlus AD, Yang P, Lansky EP, Merajver SD. Pomegranate fruit extract impairs invasion and motility in human breast cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 8:242-53. [PMID: 19815594 DOI: 10.1177/1534735409341405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pomegranate fruit extracts (PFEs) possess polyphenolic and other compounds with antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in prostate, lung, and other cancers. Because nuclear transcription factor-kB (NF-kB) is known to regulate cell survival, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and inflammation, it was postulated that PFEs may exert anticancer effects at least in part by modulating NF-kB activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The authors investigated the effect of a novel, defined PFE consisting of both fermented juice and seed oil on the NF-kB pathway, which is constitutively active in aggressive breast cancer cell lines. The effects of the PFE on NF-kB-regulated cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and invasion were also examined. RESULTS Analytical characterization of the bioactive components of the PFE revealed active constituents, mainly ellagitannins and phenolic acids in the aqueous PFE and conjugated octadecatrienoic acids in the lipid PFE derived from seeds.The aqueous PFE dose-dependently inhibited NF-kB-dependent reporter gene expression associated with proliferation, invasion, and motility in aggressive breast cancer phenotypes while decreasing RhoC and RhoA protein expression. CONCLUSION Inhibition of motility and invasion by PFEs, coincident with suppressed RhoC and RhoA protein expression, suggests a role for these defined extracts in lowering the metastatic potential of aggressive breast cancer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazala N Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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42
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Enomoto Y, Orihara K, Takamasu T, Matsuda A, Gon Y, Saito H, Ra C, Okayama Y. Tissue remodeling induced by hypersecreted epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin in the airway after an acute asthma attack. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:913-20.e1-7. [PMID: 19895983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor ligands, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin, may play key roles in tissue remodeling in asthma. However, the kinetics of EGF and amphiregulin secretion in the airway after an acute asthma attack and the effect of prolonged airway exposure to these ligands on airway remodeling are unknown. OBJECTIVE To measure the EGF and amphiregulin concentrations in sputa obtained from patients with asthma under various conditions, and to examine the effects of EGF and amphiregulin on the proliferation or differentiation of airway structural cells. METHODS Epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin levels were measured by ELISA in sputum specimens collected from 14 hospitalized children with asthma during an acute asthma attack, 13 stable outpatients with asthma, 8 healthy control children, and 7 children with respiratory tract infections. The effects of EGF and amphiregulin on the proliferation and/or differentiation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE), bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC), and normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) were examined. RESULTS The sputum levels of EGF were significantly higher for about a week after an acute asthma attack compared with the levels in stable subjects with asthma and control subjects. In contrast, upregulation of amphiregulin in the sputa of patients with asthma was observed only during the acute attack. EGF caused proliferation of NHBE, BSMC, and NHLF, whereas amphiregulin induced proliferation of only NHBE. Prolonged exposure of NHBE to EGF and amphiregulin induced mucous cell metaplasia in an IL-13-independent manner. CONCLUSION Acute asthma attacks are associated with hypersecretion of EGF and amphiregulin in the airway. Recurrent acute attacks may aggravate airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Enomoto
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang J, Ji JY, Yu M, Overholtzer M, Smolen GA, Wang R, Brugge JS, Dyson NJ, Haber DA. YAP-dependent induction of amphiregulin identifies a non-cell-autonomous component of the Hippo pathway. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:1444-50. [PMID: 19935651 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway regulates cellular proliferation and survival, thus has profound effects on normal cell fate and tumorigenesis. The pivotal effector of this pathway is YAP (yes-associated protein), a transcriptional co-activator amplified in mouse and human cancers, where it promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant transformation. So far, studies of YAP target genes have focused on cell-autonomous mediators; here we show that YAP-expressing MCF10A breast epithelial cells enhance the proliferation of neighbouring untransfected cells, implicating a non-cell-autonomous mechanism. We identify the gene for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand amphiregulin (AREG) as a transcriptional target of YAP, whose induction contributes to YAP-mediated cell proliferation and migration, but not EMT. Knockdown of AREG or addition of an EGFR kinase inhibitor abrogates the proliferative effects of YAP expression. Suppression of the negative YAP regulators LATS1 and 2 (large tumour suppressor 1 and 2) is sufficient to induce AREG expression, consistent with physiological regulation of AREG by the Hippo pathway. Genetic interaction between the Drosophila YAP orthologue Yorkie and Egfr signalling components supports the link between these two highly conserved signalling pathways. Thus, YAP-dependent secretion of AREG indicates that activation of EGFR signalling is an important non-cell-autonomous effector of the Hippo pathway, which has implications for the regulation of both physiological and malignant cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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44
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Gilmore JL, Gonterman RM, Menon K, Lorch G, Riese DJ, Robling A, Foley J. Reconstitution of amphiregulin-epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in lung squamous cell carcinomas activates PTHrP gene expression and contributes to cancer-mediated diseases of the bone. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1714-28. [PMID: 19825997 PMCID: PMC2784013 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the causative factor of the paraneoplastic syndrome humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) and it also contributes to osteolytic metastases, both of which are common complications of squamous carcinomas of the lung. Inhibition of autocrine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has been shown to reduce plasma calcium and PTHrP concentrations in two lung squamous cell carcinoma xenograft models of HHM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which EGFR is activated and stimulates PTHrP gene expression in lung squamous carcinoma cell lines. Amphiregulin (AREG) was the only EGFR ligand that could be consistently detected in conditioned media from the SCC lines, and reduction of its expression either by siRNA or by precipitating antibody reduced PTHrP mRNA expression as effectively as EGFR-targeted inhibition. Using siRNA knockdown or inhibitors to upstream regulators of AREG shedding including TACE, Src/Lck, and G(i/o), also reduced PTHrP mRNA expression. We determined that blockade of autocrine AREG-EGFR signaling does not affect PTHrP mRNA stability. Of the three PTHrP promoters (P1, P2, and P3), P1 mRNA could be reduced by nearly 100% with an EGFR inhibitor, and both epidermal growth factor and AREG stimulated P1 mRNA by approximately 5-fold. Finally, ectopic expression of EGFR in a receptor-low but AREG-expressing cell line increased PTHrP mRNA levels in vitro, and induced the capability to cause HHM and rapid osteolytic growth in vivo. Taken together, we provide evidence that AREG stimulation of EGFR results in high levels of PTHrP gene expression, contributing to cancer-associated bone pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Amphiregulin
- Animals
- Autocrine Communication/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- EGF Family of Proteins
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA Interference
- RNA Stability/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Gilmore
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Ryan M. Gonterman
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Keshav Menon
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Gwendolen Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - David J. Riese
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Alex Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - John Foley
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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45
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Melisi D, Niu J, Chang Z, Xia Q, Peng B, Ishiyama S, Evans DB, Chiao PJ. Secreted interleukin-1alpha induces a metastatic phenotype in pancreatic cancer by sustaining a constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:624-33. [PMID: 19435817 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is constitutively activated in most pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines but not in normal pancreas nor in immortalized/nontumorigenic human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Inhibition of constitutive NF-kappaB activation in pancreatic cancer cell lines suppresses tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Recently, we identified autocrine secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1alpha as the mechanism of constitutive NF-kappaB activation in metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines. However, the role of IL-1alpha in determining the metastatic potential of pancreatic tumor remains to be further investigated. In the current study, we stably expressed IL-1alpha in the nonmetastatic, IL-1alpha-negative MiaPaCa-2 cell lines. Our results showed that the secretion of IL-1alpha in MiaPaCa-2 cells constitutively activated NF-kappaB and increased the expression of NF-kappaB downstream genes involved in the different steps of the metastatic cascade, such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator, vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-8. MiaPaCa-2/IL-1alpha cells showed an enhanced cell invasion in vitro compared with parental MiaPaCa-2 cells and induced liver metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model. The metastatic phenotype induced by IL-1alpha was inhibited by the expression of phosphorylation-defective IkappaB (IkappaB S32, 36A), which blocked NF-kappaB activation. Consistently, silencing the expression of IL-1alpha by short hairpin RNA in the highly metastatic L3.6pl pancreatic cancer cells completely suppressed their metastatic spread. In summary, these findings showed that IL-1alpha plays key roles in pancreatic cancer metastatic behavior through the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB. Our findings further support the possible link between inflammation and cancer and suggest that IL-1alpha may be a potential therapeutic target for treating pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Melisi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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46
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Reed JR, Leon RP, Hall MK, Schwertfeger KL. Interleukin-1beta and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 cooperate to induce cyclooxygenase-2 during early mammary tumourigenesis. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11:R21. [PMID: 19393083 PMCID: PMC2688950 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation within the tumour microenvironment correlates with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. We have previously demonstrated that activation of a mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV)-driven inducible fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (iFGFR1) transgene in mammary epithelial cells results in an inflammatory response characterised by induction of inflammatory genes in the mammary gland. Specifically, we have observed increased levels of IL-1β expression in the mammary gland following activation of iFGFR1 and have used the iFGFR1 model to elucidate the function of IL-1β in promoting iFGFR1-induced mammary lesions. Methods To determine the functional consequences of IL-1β induction during FGFR1-induced mammary tumourigenesis, the effects of IL-1β inhibition on the formation of epithelial hyperplasias were examined using the MMTV-iFGFR1 transgenic mouse model. Further studies used a combination of the HC-11 mammary epithelial cell line that stably expresses iFGFR1 and the MMTV-iFGFR1 transgenic mice to further define the mechanisms of IL-1β function. Results Inhibition of IL-1β activity in vivo resulted in reduced iFGFR1-induced epithelial proliferation and formation of hyperplastic structures. Further studies demonstrated that treatment of mammary epithelial cells with IL-1β-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, inhibition of Cox-2 prior to activation of iFGFR1 in the transgenic mice also resulted in decreased iFGFR1-induced formation of hyperplastic structures. Conclusions The results from these studies indicate that targeting the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β partially inhibits iFGFR1-induced formation of early-stage mammary lesions, in part through induction of Cox-2. These findings demonstrate that activation of a growth factor receptor in mammary epithelial cells results in increased expression of inflammatory mediators, which cooperate to promote the initiation of hyperplastic lesions in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R Reed
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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47
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Berasain C, Castillo J, Perugorria MJ, Latasa MU, Prieto J, Avila MA. Inflammation and liver cancer: new molecular links . Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1155:206-21. [PMID: 19250206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A connection between inflammation and cancer has been long suspected. Epidemiological studies have established that many tumors occur in association with chronic infectious diseases, and it is also known that persistent inflammation in the absence of infections increases the risk and accelerates the development of cancer. One clear example of inflammation-related cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is a type tumor that slowly unfolds on a background of chronic inflammation mainly triggered by exposure to infectious agents (hepatotropic viruses) or to toxic compounds (ethanol). The molecular links that connect inflammation and cancer are not completely known, but evidences gathered over the past few years are beginning to define the precise mechanisms. In this article we review the most compelling evidences on the role of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB and STAT3, cytokines like IL-6 and IL-1alpha, ligands of the EGF receptor and other inflammatory mediators in cancer development, with special emphasis in HCC. The molecular dissection of the pathways connecting the inflammatory reaction and neoplasia will pave the way for better therapies to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berasain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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48
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Wilson KJ, Gilmore JL, Foley J, Lemmon MA, Riese DJ. Functional selectivity of EGF family peptide growth factors: implications for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 122:1-8. [PMID: 19135477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast, prostate, pancreatic, colorectal, lung, and head and neck cancers exploit deregulated signaling by ErbB family receptors and their ligands, EGF family peptide growth factors. EGF family members that bind the same receptor are able to stimulate divergent biological responses both in cell culture and in vivo. This is analogous to the functional selectivity exhibited by ligands for G-protein coupled receptors. Here we review this literature and propose that this functional selectivity of EGF family members is due to distinctions in the conformation of the liganded receptor and subsequent differences in the sites of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and receptor coupling to signaling effectors. We also discuss the roles of divergent ligand activity in establishing and maintaining malignant phenotypes. Finally, we discuss the potential of mutant EGF family ligands as cancer chemotherapeutics targeted to ErbB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Wilson
- Purdue University School of Pharmacy and Purdue Cancer Research Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2064, USA
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49
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Willmarth NE, Ethier SP. Amphiregulin as a novel target for breast cancer therapy. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13:171-9. [PMID: 18437539 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-008-9081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiregulin, an EGF family growth factor, binds and activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or ErbB1). Activation of the EGFR by amphiregulin can occur through autocrine, paracrine and juxtacrine mechanisms. Amphiregulin plays a role in several biological processes including nerve regeneration, blastocyst implantation, and bone formation. Amphiregulin also plays an important role in mammary duct formation as well as the outgrowth and branching of several other human tissues such as the lung, kidney and prostate. This effect is most likely due to the induction of genes involved in invasion and migration such as cytokines and matrix metalloproteases. Clinical studies have suggested that amphiregulin also plays a role in human breast cancer progression and its expression has been associated with aggressive disease. Therefore, amphiregulin may be a novel and effective target for the treatment of breast cancer and could represent an alternative to targeting the EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Willmarth
- Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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50
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McBryan J, Howlin J, Napoletano S, Martin F. Amphiregulin: role in mammary gland development and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13:159-69. [PMID: 18398673 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-008-9075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive epithelial cell proliferation underlies the ductal morphogenesis of puberty that generates the mammary tree that will eventually fill the fat pad. This estrogen-dependent process is believed to be essentially dependent on locally produced growth factors that act in a paracrine fashion. EGF-like growth factor ligands, acting through EGF receptors are some of the principal promoters of pubertal ductal morphogenesis. Amphiregulin is the most abundant EGF-like growth factor in the pubertal mammary gland. Its gene is transcriptionally regulated by ERalpha, and recent evidence identifies it as a key mediator of the estrogen-driven epithelial cell proliferation of puberty: The pubertal deficiency in mammary gland ductal morphogenesis in ERalpha, amphiregulin, and EGFR knockout mice phenocopy each other. As a prognostic indicator in human breast cancer, amphiregulin indicates an outcome identical to that predicted by ERalpha presence. Despite this, a range of studies both on preneoplastic human breast tissue and on cell culture based models of breast cancer, suggest a possibly significant role for amphiregulin in driving human breast cancer progression. Here we summarise our current understanding of amphiregulin's contribution to mammary gland development and breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean McBryan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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