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Bugaeva O, Maliniemi P, Prestvik WS, Leivo E, Kluger N, Salava A, Virtanen S, Jäntti K, Saksela O, Lehti K, Kujala P, Krohn K, Ranki A. Tumour Suppressor Neuron Navigator 3 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 are Co-expressed in Most Melanomas but Downregulated in Thick Tumours. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv00883. [PMID: 36883877 PMCID: PMC10010123 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic tumour originating from neural crest-derived melanocytes. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) in relation to membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase MMP14, a major regulator of invasion, in 40 primary melanomas, 15 benign naevi and 2 melanoma cell lines. NAV3 copy number changes were found in 18/27 (67%) primary melanomas, so that deletions dominated (16/27 of samples, 59%). NAV3 protein was found to be localized at the leading edge of migrating melanoma cells in vitro. Silencing of NAV3 reduced both melanoma cell migration in 2-dimensional conditions, as well as sprouting in 3-dimensional collagen I. NAV3 protein expression correlated with MMP14 in 26/37 (70%) primary melanomas. NAV3 and MMP14 were co-expressed in all tumours with Breslow thickness < 1 mm, in 11/23 of mid-thickness tumours (1-5 mm), but in only 1/6 samples of thick (> 5 mm) melanomas. Altogether, NAV3 number changes are frequent in melanomas, and NAV3 and MMP14, while expressed in all thin melanomas, are often downregulated in thicker tumours, suggesting that the lack of both NAV3 and MMP14 favours melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bugaeva
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pilvi Maliniemi
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Wenche S Prestvik
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eeva Leivo
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Salava
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kirsi Jäntti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Saksela
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kaj Krohn
- Clinical Research Institute HUCH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Conversion of a Non-Cancer-Selective Promoter into a Cancer-Selective Promoter. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061497. [PMID: 35326649 PMCID: PMC8946048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The rat progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3) promoter displays cancer-selective expression, whereas the rat growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene-34 (GADD34) promoter lacks cancer specificity. PEG-3 and GADD34 minimal promoters display strong sequence homology except for two single point mutations. Since mutations are prevalent in many gene promoters resulting in significant alterations in promoter specificity and activity, we have explored the relevance of these two nucleotide alterations in determining cancer-selective gene expression. We demonstrate that these two point mutations are required to transform a non-cancer-specific promoter (pGADD) into a cancer-selective promoter (pGAPE). Additionally, we found GATA2 transcription factor binding sites in the GAPE-Prom, which regulates pGAPE activity selectively in cancer cells. This newly created pGAPE has all the necessary elements making it an appropriate genetic tool to noninvasively deliver imaging agents to follow tumor growth and progression to metastasis and for generating conditionally replicating adenoviruses that can express and deliver their payload exclusively in cancer. Abstract Progression-elevated gene-3 (PEG-3) and rat growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene-34 (GADD34) display significant sequence homology with regulation predominantly transcriptional. The rat full-length (FL) and minimal (min) PEG-3 promoter display cancer-selective expression in rodent and human tumors, allowing for cancer-directed regulation of transgenes, viral replication and in vivo imaging of tumors and metastases in animals, whereas the FL- and min-GADD34-Prom lack cancer specificity. Min-PEG-Prom and min-GADD34-Prom have identical sequences except for two single-point mutation differences (at −260 bp and +159 bp). Engineering double mutations in the min-GADD34-Prom produce the GAPE-Prom. Changing one base pair (+159) or both point mutations in the min-GADD34-Prom, but not the FL-GADD34-Prom, results in cancer-selective transgene expression in diverse cancer cells (including prostate, breast, pancreatic and neuroblastoma) vs. normal counterparts. Additionally, we identified a GATA2 transcription factor binding site, promoting cancer specificity when both min-PEG-Prom mutations are present in the GAPE-Prom. Taken together, introducing specific point mutations in a rat min-GADD34-Prom converts this non-cancer-specific promoter into a cancer-selective promoter, and the addition of GATA2 with existing AP1 and PEA3 transcription factors enhances further cancer-selective activity of the GAPE-Prom. The GAPE-Prom provides a genetic tool to specifically regulate transgene expression in cancer cells.
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I V AN, Nair AS. Bioinformatics screening of ETV4 transcription factor oncogenes and identifying small-molecular anticancer drugs. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:277-285. [PMID: 34757684 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This bioinformatics study aimed to identify ETV4 transcription factor oncogenes and outline anticancer drugs for these genes. First, we collected known 61 ETV4 cancer targets that were framed as two classes of queries to screen against the multiomics resources in GeneMANIA. This method accessed and added functionally similar 20 genes to each set. These data were interpreted by hub genes, network clustering, gene ontology, and pathway analyses, and the results confirmed that all resultant genes were cancer promoters. The ETS-binding motifs were identified from the promoter regions of these genes. Thus, 23 ETV4 targets were figured and those involved in oncogenesis were filtered as the following 16 putative nodes: MMP8, MMP14, KDR, BRIP1, CXCR1, GRB14, SHC2, SHC4, SH2B1, SH2B2, INPPL1, PTPN3, GNG12, SEMA4D, RHOA, and SPSB2. The transcriptional regulation of these oncogenes was coordinated by an extensive miRNA network that found to deregulate many cancer pathways. Using DgIb database, the high quality 6 oncogene-drug combinations (MMP8-CHEMBL1231240, MMP8-Aminomethylamide, CXCR1-Reparixin, SEMA4D-Pepinemab, RHOA-Clausine E, and SPSB2-CHEMBL175296) were proposed. These findings may advance our understanding of novel neoplastic gene nexus of ETV4 and design treatment strategies for its modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Nath I V
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthsankar S Nair
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Vos MC, van der Wurff AAM, van Kuppevelt TH, Massuger LFAG. The role of MMP-14 in ovarian cancer: a systematic review. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:101. [PMID: 34344453 PMCID: PMC8336022 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In order to evaluate the role of MMP-14 in ovarian cancer, a systematic review was conducted. METHODS In March 2020, a search in Pubmed was performed with MMP-14 and ovarian cancer as search terms. After exclusion of the references not on MMP-14 or ovarian cancer or not in English, the studies found were classified into two categories: basic research and clinicopathological research. RESULTS In total, 94 references were found of which 33 were excluded. Two additional articles were found in the reference lists of the included studies. Based on the full texts, another 4 were excluded. Eventually, 59 studies were included in the review, 32 on basic research and 19 on clinicopathological research. 8 studies fell in both categories. The basic research studies show that MMP-14 plays an important role in ovarian cancer in the processes of proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. In clinocopathological research, MMP-14 expression is found in most tumours with characteristics of poor prognosis but this immunohistochemical MMP-14 determination does not seem to be an independent predictor of prognosis. CONCLUSIONS From this systematic review of the literature concerning MMP-14 in ovarian cancer it becomes clear that MMP-14 plays various important roles in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer. The exact translation of these roles in the pathophysiology to the importance of MMP-14 in clinicopathological research in ovarian cancer and possible therapeutic role of anti-MMP-14 agents needs further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Caroline Vos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, PO Box 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | | | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leon F. A. G. Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Cole JM, Dahl R, Cowden Dahl KD. MAPK Signaling Is Required for Generation of Tunneling Nanotube-Like Structures in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020274. [PMID: 33450985 PMCID: PMC7828401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer death in US women, due to late diagnosis. The vast majority of patients with ovarian cancer have metastatic disease at diagnosis, leading to poor survival. As the tumor cells metastasize, they are influenced by other cells they encounter. In particular, we found that macrophages induce a mechanism of communication in tumor cells called tunneling nanotubes. These tunneling nanotubes allow cells to share molecules that promote metastasis. We found that macrophages send signals to the tumor cells in order to activate oncogenic MAPKinase signaling, which is required for tunneling nanotubes to form. Our new understanding of these events will enable us to devise ways to target tunneling nanotubes and limit tumor spread. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) cells survive in the peritoneal cavity in a complex microenvironment composed of diverse cell types. The interaction between tumor cells and non-malignant cells is crucial to the success of the metastatic process. Macrophages activate pro-metastatic signaling pathways in ovarian cancer cells (OCCs), induce tumor angiogenesis, and orchestrate a tumor suppressive immune response by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding the interaction between immune cells and tumor cells will enhance our ability to combat tumor growth and dissemination. When co-cultured with OCCs, macrophages induce projections consistent with tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) to form between OCCs. TnTs mediate transfer of material between cells, thus promoting invasiveness, angiogenesis, proliferation, and/or therapy resistance. Macrophage induction of OCC TnTs occurs through a soluble mediator as macrophage-conditioned media potently induced TnT formation in OCCs. Additionally, EGFR-induced TnT formation in OCCs through MAPK signaling may occur. In particular, inhibition of ERK and RSK prevented EGFR-induced TnTs. TnT formation in response to macrophage-conditioned media or EGFR signaling required MAPK signaling. Collectively, these studies suggest that inhibition of ERK/RSK activity may dampen macrophage-OCC communication and be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Cole
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA;
| | - Richard Dahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
| | - Karen D. Cowden Dahl
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-775-3606
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Jia Z, Cao D, Yang N, Wang Y, Cao X, Jiang J. Long non-coding RNA polymorphisms on 8q24 are associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8600. [PMID: 32117633 PMCID: PMC7039120 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) remains the third leading cause of cancer death in China. Although genome-wide association studies have identified the association between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 8q24 and the risk of GC, the role of these SNPs in the prognosis of GC in Chinese populations has not yet been fully evaluated. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) polymorphisms on 8q24 and the prognosis of GC. Methods We genotyped 726 surgically resected GC patients to explore the association between eight SNPs in the lncRNAs CCAT1 (rs10087719, rs7816475), PCAT1 (rs1026411), PRNCR1 (rs12682421, rs13252298), and CASC8 (rs1562430, rs4871789, rs6983267) transcribed from the 8q24 locus and the prognosis of GC in a Chinese population. Results We found that the patients carrying rs12682421 AA genotypes survived for a shorter time than those with the GG/GA genotype (HR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.09-1.78]). Compared with the CC/CT genotype, the TT genotype of rs1562430 was associated with an increased risk of death (HR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.06-1.80]). Furthermore, the results also identified the rs1026411 SNP as an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in GC patients. Patients carrying AA/AG variant genotypes had a 36% increased risk of death compared to those carrying the GG genotype (HR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.06-1.74]). These findings suggested that the rs12682421, rs1026411 and rs1562430 SNPs may contribute to the survival of GC and be prognostic markers for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Na Yang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Mu L, Liu X, Liu X, Sa N, Zhou S, Lv Z, Xu W. Loss of CDH1 promotes the metastasis of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma through the STAT3-MMP-9 signaling pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:1476-1485. [PMID: 35116890 PMCID: PMC8799152 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.07.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC). CDH1 is correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis; however, its function in HSCC remains unclear. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to evaluate the expression of CDH1 in 31 and 78 specimens from primary HSCC patients with and without postoperative lung metastases respectively. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) and CCK-8 assays were used to test the proliferation of HSCC cells. Motility of HSCC cells was investigated by migration and invasion assays. Western blot analysis was used to measure the levels of CDH1 and other proteins. RESULTS We found that the low expression of CDH1 was significantly associated with postoperative lung metastasis in HSCC (P<0.001). Moreover, CDH1 was reduced concomitantly with the upregulation of MMP-9 in the same HSCC sample. Further mechanistic investigation showed that silencing CDH1 elevated the level of MMP-9, which was coupled with the phosphorylation of STAT3. Subsequently, inhibiting STAT3 either by siRNA transfection or by pharmacological suppression with AG490 attenuated MMP-9 upregulation and prevented the enhanced proliferation and invasion caused by CDH1 loss in FaDu cells. CONCLUSIONS CDH1 plays vital roles in HSCC metastasis and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250021, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xianfang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250021, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Commission (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250021, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Commission (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Na Sa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Shengli Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250021, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Commission (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhenghua Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250021, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Commission (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan 250022, China
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Opioids and matrix metalloproteinases: the influence of morphine on MMP-9 production and cancer progression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:123-133. [PMID: 30656360 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are widely administered to alleviate pain, including chronic pain in advanced cancer patients. Among opioids, morphine is one of the most clinically effective drugs for the palliative management of severe pain. In the last few decades, there has been a debate around the possible influence of opioids such as morphine on tumour growth and metastasis. Whilst several in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the possible modulatory effects of morphine on tumour cells, little is known about the impact of this analgesic drug on other mediators such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play a key role in the control of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. MMP-9 has been considered as one of the principal mediators in regulation of not only the initial steps of cancer but during the invasion and spreading of cancer cells to distant organs. Herein, current studies regarding the direct and indirect effects of morphine on regulation of MMP-9 production are discussed. In addition, drawing from previous in vivo and in vitro studies on morphine action in regulating MMP-9 production, the potential roles of several underlying factors are summarised, including nuclear factor kappa-B and intracellular molecules such as nitric oxide.
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9
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Eid W, Abdel-Rehim W. Genome-wide analysis of ETV1 targets: Insights into the role of ETV1 in tumor progression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8983-8991. [PMID: 30629294 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ETS variant 1 (ETV1) is a key player in metastatic progression in several types of human cancers, yet the direct target genes of ETV1 and the mechanisms by which ETV1 exerts its deleterious function remain largely elusive. Here, we performed large-scale mapping and analysis of target loci of ETV1 in the prostate cancer cells LNCaP using the DNA adenine methyltransferase identification technique, we identified close to 800 direct targets for ETV1. Expression analysis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed a positive regulation by ETV1 in most of the genes examined. Furthermore, gene and pathway analysis unraveled new signaling pathways and biological networks that interact with ETV1. Our findings cast light on genes and networks regulated by ETV1, it also opens new fronts for studying the role of ETV1 and its target genes in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Zhang Y, Shi W. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 regulates glioma angiogenesis through polyomavirus enhancer activator 3 signaling. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:488-496. [PMID: 30532986 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) is a transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and other transcription factors. SRC-1 has been shown to play an important role in the progression of breast cancer and prostate cancer. However, its role in glioma progression remains unknown. Here, in this study, we report that SRC-1 is upregulated in the vessels of human glioma and exerts important regulatory functions. Specifically, SRC-1 expression significantly enhanced basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-mediated angiogenesis in vivo. Downregulating of SRC-1 expression suppressed endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro and upregulated the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 in glioma cells. These SRC-1-mediated effects were dependent on the activation of polyomavirus enhancer activator 3 (PEA3) transcriptional activity. VEGF and VEGF inducer GS4012 induced the direct binding of SRC-1 and PEA3 in glioma cells, and PEA3 could directly bind with VEGF and MMP-9 promoter under GS4012 treatment in glioma cell. The expression of pro-angiogenic factors induced by SRC-1 was abrogated by sh-PEA3 knockdown. Taken together, these novel outcomes indicated that SRC-1 modulated endothelial cell (EC) function and facilitated a pro-angiogenic microenvironment through PEA3 signaling. Moreover, a combination of targeting SRC-1 and PEA3 signaling in glioma could be a promising strategy for suppressing tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,b Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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miRNA-337-3p inhibits gastric cancer progression through repressing myeloid zinc finger 1-facilitated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 14. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40314-40328. [PMID: 27259238 PMCID: PMC5130010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14), a membrane-anchored MMP that promotes the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness, is highly expressed in gastric cancer. However, the transcriptional regulators of MMP-14 expression in gastric cancer still remain largely unknown. In this study, through mining computational algorithm programs and chromatin immunoprecipitation datasets, we identified adjacent binding sites of myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) and miRNA-337-3p (miR-337-3p) within the MMP-14 promoter. We demonstrated that MZF1 directly bound to the MMP-14 promoter to facilitate its nascent transcription and expression in gastric cancer cell lines. In contrast, endogenous miR-337-3p suppressed the MMP-14 expression through recognizing its binding site within MMP-14 promoter. Mechanistically, miR-337-3p repressed the binding of MZF1 to MMP-14 promoter via recruiting Argonaute 2 and inducing repressive chromatin remodeling. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that miR-337-3p suppressed the growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through repressing MZF1-facilitated MMP-14 expression. In clinical specimens and cell lines of gastric cancer, MZF1 was highly expressed and positively correlated with MMP-14 expression. Meanwhile, miR-337-3p was under-expressed and inversely correlated with MMP-14 levels. miR-337-3p was an independent prognostic factor for favorable outcome of gastric cancer, and patients with high MZF1 or MMP-14 expression had lower survival probability. Taken together, these data indicate that miR-337-3p directly binds to the MMP-14 promoter to repress MZF1-facilitatd MMP-14 expression, thus suppressing the progression of gastric cancer.
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12
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Ho HY, Lin CW, Chien MH, Reiter RJ, Su SC, Hsieh YH, Yang SF. Melatonin suppresses TPA-induced metastasis by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through JNK/SP-1 signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:479-492. [PMID: 27600920 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a disease common in the South-East Asian population, has high lymph node metastatic ability. Melatonin, an endogenously produced substance present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, has oncostatic activity via several mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms involved in melatonin-mediated tumor inhibitory potential are not completely defined. Here, we show that melatonin treatment inhibits TPA-induced cell motility by regulating the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in NPC. We also identified the signaling cascade through which melatonin inhibits MMP-9 expression; this involves melatonin regulating the binding activity of the transcription factor specificity protein-1 (SP-1)-DNA. Our mechanistic analysis further reveals that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is involved in the melatonin-mediated tumor suppressor activity. Furthermore, the findings indicate a functional link between melatonin-mediated MMP-9 regulation and tumor suppressing ability and provide new insights into the role of melatonin-induced molecular and epigenetic regulation of tumor growth. Thus, we conclude that melatonin suppresses the motility of NPC by regulating TPA-induced MMP-9 gene expression via inhibiting SP-1-DNA binding ability. The results provide a functional link between melatonin-mediated SP-1 regulation and the antimetastatic actions of melatonin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Tan J, Yang S, Shen P, Sun H, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wu B, Ji F, Yan J, Xue H, Zhou D. C-kit signaling promotes proliferation and invasion of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a murine model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27037-48. [PMID: 26356816 PMCID: PMC4694972 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family often highly expressed in several mucinous carcinomas. In the present study, we established a murine model of colorectal mucinous adenocardinoma (CRMAC) by treating C57 mice [both wild type (WT) and loss-of-function c-kit mutant type (Wads-/-)] with AOM+DSS for 37 weeks and found that c-kit, a member of RTK family, clearly enhanced the tumor cell proliferation by decreasing p53 and increasing cyclin D1 through AKT pathway. Significantly, c-kit strongly promoted tumor cell invasiveness by increasing ETV4, which induced MMP7 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via ERK pathway. In vitro up- or down-regulating c-kit activation in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells further consolidated these results. In conclusion, our data suggested that the c-kit signaling obviously promoted proliferation and invasion of CRMAC. Therefore, targeting the c-kit signaling and its downstream molecules might provide the potential strategies for treatment of patients suffering from CRMAC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Ping Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
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14
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Novel Activities of Select NSAID R-Enantiomers against Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142182. [PMID: 26558612 PMCID: PMC4641600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases (including Rac, Rho and Cdc42) collectively control cell proliferation, adhesion and migration and are of interest as functional therapeutic targets in numerous epithelial cancers. Based on high throughput screening of the Prestwick Chemical Library® and cheminformatics we identified the R-enantiomers of two approved drugs (naproxen and ketorolac) as inhibitors of Rac1 and Cdc42. The corresponding S-enantiomers are considered the active component in racemic drug formulations, acting as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with selective activity against cyclooxygenases. Here, we show that the S-enantiomers of naproxen and ketorolac are inactive against the GTPases. Additionally, more than twenty other NSAIDs lacked inhibitory action against the GTPases, establishing the selectivity of the two identified NSAIDs. R-naproxen was first identified as a lead compound and tested in parallel with its S-enantiomer and the non-chiral 6-methoxy-naphthalene acetic acid (active metabolite of nabumetone, another NSAID) as a structural series. Cheminformatics-based substructure analyses—using the rotationally constrained carboxylate in R-naproxen—led to identification of racemic [R/S] ketorolac as a suitable FDA-approved candidate. Cell based measurement of GTPase activity (in animal and human cell lines) demonstrated that the R-enantiomers specifically inhibit epidermal growth factor stimulated Rac1 and Cdc42 activation. The GTPase inhibitory effects of the R-enantiomers in cells largely mimic those of established Rac1 (NSC23766) and Cdc42 (CID2950007/ML141) specific inhibitors. Docking predicts that rotational constraints position the carboxylate moieties of the R-enantiomers to preferentially coordinate the magnesium ion, thereby destabilizing nucleotide binding to Rac1 and Cdc42. The S-enantiomers can be docked but are less favorably positioned in proximity to the magnesium. R-naproxen and R-ketorolac have potential for rapid translation and efficacy in the treatment of several epithelial cancer types on account of established human toxicity profiles and novel activities against Rho-family GTPases.
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15
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Yuan ZY, Dai T, Wang SS, Peng RJ, Li XH, Qin T, Song LB, Wang X. Overexpression of ETV4 protein in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1733-42. [PMID: 25328406 PMCID: PMC4196788 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s66692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) present a higher probability of distant metastasis and lack of effective targeted therapy. ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4) is an ETS (E-26) transcription factor and has been associated with tumor metastasis. However, the clinical and functional significance of ETV4 in TNBC still remains unclear. METHODS A human tumor metastasis polymerase chain reaction array was used to profile differential expression of tumor metastasis-related genes in TNBC tissue. Real-time reverse transcription and Western blot analyses were performed to verify ETV4 expression in TNBC cells and tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of ETV4 protein in 135 TNBC tissue samples for association between ETV4 protein expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total total of eight upregulated (CCL7, KISS1, MET, MMP7, NR4A3, ETV4, TIMP3, and TSHR) and three downregulated (ITGA7, SSTR, and MMP2) genes were identified between TNBC tissue and the luminal subtype of breast cancer tissue. ETV4 messenger ribonucleic acid was more than five-fold upregulated in TNBC tissue compared with the control tissue. ETV4 overexpression was found in 57.0% of 135 TNBC cases. Overexpression of ETV4 protein was associated with an advanced stage and a higher proportion of positive lymph node and lymphovascular invasion. Patients with an ETV4-overexpressed tumor had a significantly higher risk of developing distant metastasis (P<0.0001) and shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Overexpression of ETV4 protein was an independent predictor of short disease-free survival of TNBC patients (P=0.021). CONCLUSION Overexpression of ETV4 protein increases risk of developing distant metastasis and results in a poor prognosis for TNBC patients. Thus, ETV4 might be a novel target for developing an alternative therapeutic strategy for prevention of TNBC distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rou-Jun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Rao VH, Kansal V, Stoupa S, Agrawal DK. MMP-1 and MMP-9 regulate epidermal growth factor-dependent collagen loss in human carotid plaque smooth muscle cells. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00224. [PMID: 24744893 PMCID: PMC3966234 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, a crucial factor in the development of myocardial infarction and stroke, are not well defined. Here, we examined the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐mediated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) on the stability of interstitial collagens in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from carotid endarterectomy tissues of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis. VSMCs isolated from the carotid plaques of both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients were treated with EGF. The MMP‐9 activity was quantified by gelatin zymography and the analysis of mRNA transcripts and protein for MMP‐9, MMP‐1, EGFR and collagen types I, Col I(α1) and collagen type III, Col III(α1) were analyzed by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. The effect of EGF treatment to increase MMP‐9 activity and mRNA transcripts for MMP‐9, MMP‐1, and EGFR and to decrease mRNA transcripts for Col I(α1) and Col III(α1) was threefold to fourfold greater in VSMCs isolated from the carotid plaques of symptomatic than asymptomatic patients. Inhibitors of EGFR (AG1478) and a small molecule inhibitor of MMP‐9 decreased the MMP9 expression and upregulated Col I(α1) and Col III(α1) in EGF‐treated VSMCs of both groups. Additionally, the magnitude in decreased MMP‐9 mRNA and increased Col I(α1) and Col III(α1) due to knockdown of MMP‐9 gene with siRNA in EGF‐treated VSMCs was significantly greater in the symptomatic group than the asymptomatic group. Thus, a selective blockade of both EGFR and MMP‐9 may be a novel strategy and a promising target for stabilizing vulnerable plaques in patients with carotid stenosis. This report described the underlying mechanisms by which MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 induced by EFGR activation decreases the interstitial collagens and this could result in plaque instability in patients with carotid stenosis. Thus, selective blockade of EGFR and/or MMP‐9 may be a novel strategy and a promising target to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques and thus decreases morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velidi H Rao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, 68178, Nebraska
| | - Vikash Kansal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, 68178, Nebraska
| | - Samantha Stoupa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, 68178, Nebraska
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, 68178, Nebraska ; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, 68178, Nebraska
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17
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Labrie M, St-Pierre Y. Epigenetic regulation of mmp-9 gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3109-24. [PMID: 23184252 PMCID: PMC11113588 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is one of the most studied enzymes in cancer. MMP-9 can cleave proteins of the extracellular matrix and a large number of receptors and growth factors. Accordingly, its expression must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive enzymatic activity, which is associated with disease progression. Although we know that epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in controlling mmp-9 gene expression, predicting how epigenetic drugs could be used to suppress mmp-9 gene expression is not trivial because epigenetic drugs also regulate the expression of key proteins that can tip the balance towards activation or suppression of MMP-9. Here, we review how our understanding of the biology and expression of MMP-9 could be exploited to augment clinical benefits, most notably in terms of the prevention and management of degenerative diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Labrie
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7 Canada
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18
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Kaewprag J, Umnajvijit W, Ngamkham J, Ponglikitmongkol M. HPV16 oncoproteins promote cervical cancer invasiveness by upregulating specific matrix metalloproteinases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71611. [PMID: 23967226 PMCID: PMC3742460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for degradation of extracellular matrix is a vital step in cancer metastasis. We investigated the effects of HPV16 oncoproteins (16E6, 16E6*I and 16E7), either individually or combined, on the transcription of 7 MMPs implicated in cervical cancer invasiveness. The levels of 7 MMPs reported to be increased in cervical cancer were determined in C33A stably expressing different HPV16 oncoproteins using quantitative RT-PCR and compared with invasion ability of cell lines using in vitro invasion and wound healing assays. Overexpression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP was detected in HPV16E6E7 expressing cells which correlated with increased cell invasion. Combination of HPV oncoproteins always showed greater effects than its individual form. Inhibition of cell invasion using a specific MMP-2 inhibitor, OA-Hy, and anti-MT1-MMP antibody confirmed that invasion in these cells was dependent on both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP expression. Depletion of HPV16E6E7 by shRNA-mediated knock-down experiments resulted in decreased MMP-2 and MT1-MMP expression levels as well as reduced invasion ability which strongly suggested specific effects of HPV oncoproteins on both MMPs and on cell invasion. Immunohistochemistry study in invasive cervical cancers confirmed the enhanced in vivo expression of these two MMPs in HPV16-infected cells. In addition, possible sites required by HPV16E6E7 on the MMP-2 and MT1-MMP promoters were investigated and PEA3 (at -552/-540 for MMP-2, -303 for MT1-MMP) and Sp1 (at -91 for MMP-2, -102 for MT1-MMP) binding sites were shown to be essential for mediating their transactivation activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HPV16E6 and E7 oncoproteins cooperate in promoting cervical cancer invasiveness by specifically upregulating MMP-2 and MT1-MMP transcription in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittranan Kaewprag
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wareerat Umnajvijit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Chu ESM, Sze SCW, Cheung HP, Liu Q, Ng TB, Tong Y. An in vitro and in vivo investigation of the antimetastatic effects of a Chinese medicinal decoction, erxian decoction, on human ovarian cancer models. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 12:336-46. [PMID: 23241639 DOI: 10.1177/1534735412464519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Erxian Decoction (EXD) is a well-documented Chinese medicinal formulation, which has been clinically applied for years for relieving menopausal syndromes by modulating hormonal levels indicating that EXD might also be effective in treating hormone-related tumors. This study aimed to differentially investigate the efficacy of EXD and its antimetastatic property on human ovarian cancer cells, OVCA429. METHODS The efficacy and cell cycle progression of EXD on OVCA429 cells was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The modulated expression of metastatic markers by EXD in OVCA429 cells and xenografts was evaluated at transcriptional and translational levels by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The migrating and invasive ability of the cancer cells were determined by wound healing and invasive assays. RESULTS The IC50 value of EXD on OVCA429 cells was determined after 24 hours incubation with EXD at 1 mg/mL. EXD (1.5 mg/mL) mediated S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death at 24 hours posttreatment. EXD repressed the expression of several metastatic mediators, including EGFR, ErbB2, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and VEGF in OVCA429 cells and xenografts at transcriptional and/or translational levels. Furthermore, EXD functionally demonstrated significant inhibition of migrating and invasive ability of OVCA429 cells. EXD suppressed tumor size in xenografts without any adverse effects on body weight. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that illustrates the antimetastatic property of EXD on human ovarian cancer models. This decoction merits serious consideration for further delineation of its multiple pharmacological effects, especially on hormone-related cancers, and these would be valuable for future clinical applications of EXD as an alternative regime for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie S M Chu
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Estate Building, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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20
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Li Q, Xu L. ShRNA-mediated down-regulation of the ETV1 transcription factor gene reduces invasive ability of gastrointestinal stromal tumor-T1 (GIST-T1) cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2888-2894. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i30.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of shRNA-mediated knockdown of the ETV1 transcription factor gene on the invasive ability of gastrointestinal stromal tumors-T1 (GIST-T1) cells.
METHODS: A recombinant lentiviral vector carrying a shRNA targeting the etv1 gene (PLVX-shRNA-ETV1) was constructed and used to infect GIST-T1 cells. GIST-T1 cells were divided into three groups: blank control group, negative control group (PLVX-shRNA), and experimental group (PLVX-shRNA-ETV1). After infection, expression of ETV1 protein was detected by Western blot, cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay, and expression of C-kit and MMP-2 proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Expression of ETV1 protein was significantly decreased in cells infected with the PLVX-shRNA-ETV1 vector compared to other groups. The number of cells passing through the martrigel-coated Transwell membrane was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the blank control group and negative control group (60.2000 ± 4.8503 vs 166.2000 ± 14.4201, 142.2000 ± 4.3787, both P < 0.05). Expression of C-kit and MMP-2 proteins was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the blank control group and negative control group (both P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: ShRNA-mediated knockdown of the ETV1 transcription factor significantly reduces invasive ability of GIST-T1 cells.
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21
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Jeong KJ, Cho KH, Panupinthu N, Kim H, Kang J, Park CG, Mills GB, Lee HY. EGFR mediates LPA-induced proteolytic enzyme expression and ovarian cancer invasion: inhibition by resveratrol. Mol Oncol 2012; 7:121-9. [PMID: 23127547 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) augments proliferation and metastasis of various cancer cells. We recently identified a critical role of the Rho/ROCK pathway for LPA-induced proteolytic enzyme expression and cancer cell progression. In the present study, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which LPA induces Rho activation and subsequent cellular invasion, and the reversal of these effects by resveratrol. We observed that both Gi and G13 contribute to LPA-induced EGFR activation. The activated EGFR in turn initiates a Ras/Rho/ROCK signaling cascade, leading to proteolytic enzyme secretion. Further we provide evidence that resveratrol inhibits EGFR phosphorylation and subsequent activation of a Ras/Rho/ROCK signaling. Therefore, we demonstrate a mechanistic cascade of LPA activating EGFR through Gi and G13 thus inducing a Ras/Rho/ROCK signaling for proteolytic enzyme expression and ovarian cancer cell invasion, as well as interference of the cascade by resveratrol through blocking EGFR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
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22
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Joseph S, Deneke VE, Cowden Dahl KD. ARID3B induces tumor necrosis factor alpha mediated apoptosis while a novel ARID3B splice form does not induce cell death. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42159. [PMID: 22860069 PMCID: PMC3409141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a common occurrence in many cancers. Alternative splicing is linked with decreased apoptosis and chemoresistance in cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that ARID3B, a member of the AT-rich interactive domain (ARID) family of DNA binding proteins, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Therefore we wanted to assess the effect of ARID3B splice forms on cell viability. We identified a novel splice form of the ARID3B gene (designated as ARID3B Sh), which lacks the C-terminal exons 5–9 present in the full-length isoform (ARID3B Fl). ARID3B Fl is expressed in a variety of cancer cell lines. Expression of ARID3B Sh varied by cell type, but was highly expressed in most ovarian cancer lines. ARID3B is modestly transcriptionally activated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through the PEA3 transcription factor. We further found that ARID3B Fl is predominantly nuclear but is also present at the plasma membrane and in the cytosol. Endogenous ARID3B Sh is present in nuclear fractions, yet, when overexpressed ARID3B Sh accumulates in the cytosol and membrane fractions. The differential localization of these isoforms suggests they have different functions. Importantly, ARID3B Fl overexpression results in upregulation of pro-apoptotic BIM and induces Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced cell death. The ARID3B Fl-induced genes include TNFα, TRAIL, TRADD, TNF-R2, Caspase 10 and Caspase 7. Interestingly, ARID3B Sh does not induce apoptosis or expression of these genes. ARID3B Fl induces death receptor mediated apoptosis while the novel splice form ARID3B Sh does not induce cell death. Therefore alternative splice forms of ARID3B may play different roles in ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stancy Joseph
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Victoria E. Deneke
- Department of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Karen D. Cowden Dahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Xu B, Chen H, Xu W, Zhang W, Buckley S, Zheng SG, Warburton D, Kolb M, Gauldie J, Shi W. Molecular mechanisms of MMP9 overexpression and its role in emphysema pathogenesis of Smad3-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L89-96. [PMID: 22610349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00060.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that inappropriate elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) expression and activity is coincident with early onset of emphysema in Smad3-null mice. Herein, we further investigated the role of increased MMP9 in emphysema pathogenesis and the related molecular regulatory mechanisms of elevated MMP9 in Smad3-null lung. Genetic blockade of MMP9 in Smad3-null mice significantly attenuated emphysema pathology but not hypoalveolarization during early postnatal lung development. Furthermore, Smad3 was found to be a transcription factor to positively regulate a protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) by binding to an AP-1 site of SIRT1 promoter. A synergistic regulatory effect on SIRT1 expression was also detected between Smad3 and c-Jun. Consistently, Smad3 knockout lung at P28 had reduced SIRT1 expression, which in turn resulted in increased acetylation of histone H3 at the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), NF-κB, and Pea3 binding sites of MMP9 promoter and increased acetylation of NF-κB. In addition, increased Pea3 expression and nuclear accumulation was also detected in Smad3-null lungs at P28. Consistently, bindings of acetylated NF-κB and Pea3 to the MMP9 promoter were elevated in Smad3-null lung. We thus propose that deficiency of Smad3 causes downregulation of SIRT1 and increased Pea3 expression/nuclear accumulation, respectively. Decreased SIRT1 activity resulted in increased acetylation of histone H3 and NF-κB. Subsequently, increased bindings of transcription factors including NF-κB and Pea3 to MMP9 promoter significantly upregulate MMP9 transcription, contributing to emphysema pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Kern HB, Niemeyer BF, Parrish JK, Kerr CA, Yaghi NK, Prescott JD, Gutierrez-Hartmann A, Jedlicka P. Control of MicroRNA-21 expression in colorectal cancer cells by oncogenic epidermal growth factor/Ras signaling and Ets transcription factors. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1403-11. [PMID: 22553926 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are important regulators of gene expression in normal physiology and disease, and are widely misexpressed in cancer. A number of studies have identified miR-21 as an important promoter of oncogenesis. However, as is true of most miRs, the mechanisms behind the aberrant expression of miR-21 in cancer are poorly understood. Herein, we examine the regulation of miR-21 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by the oncogenic epidermal growth factor (EGF)/Ras pathway and by Ets transcription factors, modulators of epithelial oncogenesis that are frequently misexpressed in CRC. We show that EGF/Ras efficiently induces the miR-21 primary transcript, but this does not rapidly and simply translate into higher mature miR-21 levels. Rather, induction of mature miR-21 by constitutive activation of this pathway is slow, is associated with only minimal activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, and may involve stimulation of post-transcriptional processing by mechanisms other than Dicer stabilization. We further identify Ets transcription factors as modifiers of miR-21 expression in CRC. The effects of Ets factors on miR-21 expression are cell context-dependent, and appear to involve both direct and indirect mechanisms. The Ets factor Pea3 emerges from our studies as a consistent repressor of miR-21 transcription. Overall, our studies identify a complex relationship between oncogenic pathways and steady-state miR-21 levels in CRC, and highlight the need for greater understanding of the control of miR expression in cancer and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna B Kern
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Ubiquitination and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System as regulators of transcription and transcription factors in epithelial mesenchymal transition of cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:897-910. [PMID: 22399444 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in cancer is a process that allows cancer cells to detach from neighboring cells, become mobile and metastasize and shares many signaling pathways with development. Several molecular mechanisms which regulate oncogenic properties in neoplastic cells such as proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and angiogenesis through transcription factors or other mediators are also regulators of EMT. These pathways and downstream transcription factors are, in their turn, regulated by ubiquitination and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS). Ubiquitination, the covalent link of the small 76-amino acid protein ubiquitin to target proteins, serves as a signal for protein degradation by the proteasome or for other outcomes such as endocytosis, degradation by the lysosome or directing these proteins to specific cellular compartments. This review discusses aspects of the regulation of EMT by ubiquitination and the UPS and underlines its complexity focusing on transcription and transcription factors regulating EMT and are being regulated by ubiquitination.
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Chavez MG, Buhr CA, Petrie WK, Wandinger-Ness A, Kusewitt DF, Hudson LG. Differential downregulation of e-cadherin and desmoglein by epidermal growth factor. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012:309587. [PMID: 22312325 PMCID: PMC3270554 DOI: 10.1155/2012/309587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cell : cell junctions is a key event in cutaneous wound repair. In this study we report that activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor disrupts cell : cell adhesion, but with different kinetics and fates for the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein and for E-cadherin. Downregulation of desmoglein preceded that of E-cadherin in vivo and in an EGF-stimulated in vitro wound reepithelialization model. Dual immunofluorescence staining revealed that neither E-cadherin nor desmoglein-2 internalized with the EGF receptor, or with one another. In response to EGF, desmoglein-2 entered a recycling compartment based on predominant colocalization with the recycling marker Rab11. In contrast, E-cadherin downregulation was accompanied by cleavage of the extracellular domain. A broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor protected E-cadherin but not the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-2, from EGF-stimulated disruption. These findings demonstrate that although activation of the EGF receptor regulates adherens junction and desmosomal components, this stimulus downregulates associated cadherins through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquella G. Chavez
- Division of Bioengineering, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christian A. Buhr
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Whitney K. Petrie
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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Szuchet S, Nielsen JA, Lovas G, Domowicz MS, de Velasco JM, Maric D, Hudson LD. The genetic signature of perineuronal oligodendrocytes reveals their unique phenotype. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:1906-22. [PMID: 22132705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes--best known for assembling central nervous system myelin--can be categorized as precursors, myelin-forming cells and non-myelinating perineuronal cells. Perineuronal oligodendrocytes have been well characterized morphologically and ultrastructurally, but knowledge about their function remains scanty. It has been proposed that perineuronal oligodendrocytes support neurons and, following injury, transform into myelin-synthesizing cells. Recent findings implicating perineuronal oligodendrocytes in cytoarchitectural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders shed new light on these cells. We have obtained the genetic signature of perineuronal oligodendrocytes by identifying gene expression differences between oligodendrocyte subpopulations using cell-specific tags, microarray technology, quantitative time-resolved polymerase chain reaction and bioinformatics tools. We show that perineuronal cells are the progeny of oligodendrocyte progenitors and, hence, are members of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Physiologically they exhibit a novel phenotype. Their expression of PDGFR-αβ and its growth factor ligand PDGF-CC sets them apart from members of their lineage as this receptor precludes their response to the same growth factors that act on myelinating cells. Their coordinate expression and context-specific usage of transcription factors Olig2, Ascl1 and Pax6, together with the prominent presence of transcription factors Pea3, Lhx2 and Otx2--not hitherto linked to the oligodendrocyte lineage--suggested a cell with features that blur the boundary between a neuron and a glial cell. But they also maintain a reservoir of untranslated transcripts encoding major myelin proteins presumably for a demyelinating episode. This first molecular characterization of perineuronal oligodendrocytes revealed the striking difference between the myelinating and non-myelinating phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Szuchet
- Department of Neurology, 5841 S Maryland Ave., The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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28
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Llauradó M, Abal M, Castellví J, Cabrera S, Gil-Moreno A, Pérez-Benavente A, Colás E, Doll A, Dolcet X, Matias-Guiu X, Vazquez-Levin M, Reventós J, Ruiz A. ETV5 transcription factor is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and regulates cell adhesion in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1532-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Deletion analysis of Ad5 E1a transcriptional control region: impact on tumor-selective expression of E1a and E1b. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:717-23. [PMID: 21818136 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory sequences upstream of E1a, the first viral protein expressed upon infection of cells with adenovirus, have binding sites for multiple transcription factors including two binding sites for E2f and five binding sites for Pea3. We evaluated the impact of deletions, which remove one or more of these transcription factor-binding sites on the expression of E1a in a panel of tumor cells and non-transformed cells. We demonstrated that specific deletions in the E1a enhancer markedly reduced the expression of E1a in growth-arrested cells while having a minimal impact on the expression of E1a in a panel of tumor cells. In particular, deletion of a 50-bp region located from -305 to -255 upstream of the E1a initiation site resulted in marked reduction of E1a and E1b expression and cytolytic activity in growth-arrested cells, while retaining near wild-type of expression of E1a and E1b and cytolytic activity in tumor cells. This deletion removed two Pea3 sites and one E2f site. The characteristics of this vector, TAV-255, was compared with dl1520 (Onyx-015) and demonstrated restricted cytolytic activity in growth-arrested cells similar to dl1520 and superior cytolytic activity in a panel of tumor cell lines. In this current study, we demonstrate that TAV-255, an E1a enhancer deletion vector, possesses tumor selective expression of both E1a and E1b along with potent tumor-selective oncolytic activity.
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Keld R, Guo B, Downey P, Cummins R, Gulmann C, Ang YS, Sharrocks AD. PEA3/ETV4-related transcription factors coupled with active ERK signalling are associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:124-30. [PMID: 21673681 PMCID: PMC3137405 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcription factors often play important roles in tumourigenesis. Members of the PEA3 subfamily of ETS-domain transcription factors fulfil such a role and have been associated with tumour metastasis in several different cancers. Moreover, the activity of the PEA3 subfamily transcription factors is potentiated by Ras-ERK pathway signalling, which is itself often deregulated in tumour cells. Methods: Immunohistochemical patterns of PEA3 expression and active ERK signalling were analysed and mRNA expression levels of PEA3, ER81, MMP-1 and MMP-7 were determined in gastric adenocarcinoma samples. Results: Here, we have studied the expression of the PEA3 subfamily members PEA3/ETV4 and ER81/ETV1 in gastric adenocarcinomas. PEA3 is upregulated at the protein level in gastric adenocarcinomas and both PEA3/ETV4 and ER81/ETV1 are upregulated at the mRNA level in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. This increased expression correlates with the expression of a target gene associated with metastasis, MMP-1. Enhanced ERK signalling is also more prevalent in late-stage gastric adenocarcinomas, and the co-association of ERK signalling and PEA3 expression also occurs in late-stage gastric adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, the co-association of ERK signalling and PEA3 expression correlates with decreased survival rates. Conclusions: This study shows that members of the PEA3 subfamily of transcription factors are upregulated in gastric adenocarcinomas and that the simultaneous upregulation of PEA3 expression and ERK pathway signalling is indicative of late-stage disease and a poor survival prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Keld
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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31
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Yuen HF, McCrudden CM, Chan KK, Chan YP, Wong MLY, Chan KYK, Khoo US, Law S, Srivastava G, Lappin TR, Chan KW, El-Tanani M. The role of Pea3 group transcription factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:992-1003. [PMID: 21689625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors Pea3, Erm, and Er81 can promote cancer initiation and progression in various types of solid tumors. However, their role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that the expression levels of Pea3 and Erm, but not that of Er81, were significantly higher in ESCC compared with nontumor esophageal epithelium. A high level of Pea3 expression was significantly correlated with a shorter overall survival in a cohort of 81 patients with ESCC and the subgroup with N1 stage tumor (Wilcoxon-Gehan test, P = 0.016 and P = 0.001, respectively). Pea3 was overexpressed in seven ESCC cell lines compared with two immortalized esophageal cell lines. Pea3 knockdown reduced cell proliferation and suppressed nonadherent growth, migration, and invasion in ESCC cells in vitro. In addition, Pea3 knockdown in ESCC cells resulted in a down-regulation of phospho-Akt and matrix metalloproteinase 13, whereas a significant positive correlation in the expression levels was observed between Pea3 and phospho-Akt (r = 0.281, P < 0.013) and between Pea3 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 in the human specimens (r = 0.462, P < 0.001). Moreover, Pea3 modulated the sensitivity of EC109 cells to doxorubicin, probably via reduced activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of Rapamycin complex 1 pathway on Pea3 knockdown. In conclusion, our results suggest that Pea3 plays an important role in the progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Fung Yuen
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Huhtala T, Laakkonen P, Sallinen H, Ylä-Herttuala S, Närvänen A. In vivo SPECT/CT imaging of human orthotopic ovarian carcinoma xenografts with 111In-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 37:957-64. [PMID: 21055627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) are expressed in the tumor area during the progression of ovarian carcinoma. Monoclonal antibodies developed against these receptors are potential diagnostic molecules for in vivo imaging of ovarian carcinoma. METHODS Biodistribution of the monoclonal antibodies cetuximab against EGFR and mF4-31C1 against VEGFR-3 was studied in nude mice with orthotopic SKOV-3m human ovarian carcinoma xenografts. The biodistribution of (111)Indium-labeled antibodies was followed up to 48 h postinjection using combined SPECT and CT imaging modality. Organ samples were collected postmortem and specific organ activity was measured. Accumulation of the intravenously injected antibodies in the tumor tissue and lymph nodes was verified using immunohistology. RESULTS Imaging studies with SPECT/CT showed clear accumulation of both antibodies into tumor area. The tumor uptake was 8.78 ± 0.74 %ID/g for cetuximab and 5.77 ± 0.62 %ID/g for mF4-31C1 after 48 h postinjection. Cetuximab had lower liver tropism and faster tumor homing rate. In addition, after 48 h two of five tumor-bearing mice showed a clear accumulation of the In-labeled mF4-31C1 at the left axillary area. Both intravenously administered antibodies could also be detected from the tumor sections by immunohistological staining but only mF4-31C1 forms in the lymph nodes. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the accumulation of EGFR- and VEGFR-3-specific antibodies in orthotopic ovarian carcinoma tumors. Systemically administered they had slow pharmacokinetics which is typical for antibodies. Accumulation of mF4-31C1 antibody in the lymph nodes suggests the remote activation of VEGFR-3 by the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Huhtala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Finland
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33
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The ERK MAP kinase-PEA3/ETV4-MMP-1 axis is operative in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:313. [PMID: 21143918 PMCID: PMC3009708 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many members of the ETS-domain transcription factor family are important drivers of tumourigenesis. In this context, their activation by Ras-ERK pathway signaling is particularly relevant to the tumourigenic properties of many ETS-domain transcription factors. The PEA3 subfamily of ETS-domain transcription factors have been implicated in tumour metastasis in several different cancers. RESULTS Here, we have studied the expression of the PEA3 subfamily members PEA3/ETV4 and ER81/ETV1 in oesophageal adenocarcinomas and determined their role in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell function. PEA3 plays an important role in controlling both the proliferation and invasive properties of OE33 oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. A key target gene is MMP-1. The ERK MAP kinase pathway activates PEA3 subfamily members and also plays a role in these PEA3 controlled events, establishing the ERK-PEA3-MMP-1 axis as important in OE33 cells. PEA3 subfamily members are upregulated in human adenocarcinomas and expression correlates with MMP-1 expression and late stage metastatic disease. Enhanced ERK signaling is also more prevalent in late stage oesophageal adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the ERK-PEA3-MMP-1 axis is upregulated in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells and is a potentially important driver of the metastatic progression of oesophageal adenocarcinomas.
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Immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase–9 in ovarian epithelial cancer and relation to patient deaths. Ann Diagn Pathol 2010; 14:387-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Ratovitski EA. LKB1/PEA3/ΔNp63 pathway regulates PTGS-2 (COX-2) transcription in lung cancer cells upon cigarette smoke exposure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:317-24. [PMID: 21150337 PMCID: PMC3154041 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.5.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to show that cigarette smoking induced the LKB1/PEA 3/ΔNp63-dependent transcriptional regulation of inflammatory molecules, such as COX-2/PTGS-2. Using mainstream smoke extract (MSE) and sidestream smoke extract (SSE) as modeling tools for primary and secondhand smoking, we found that both MSE and SSE downregulated protein levels for LKB1, while upregulated protein levels for PEA 3 and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Using the endogenous ChIP analysis, we further found that the C/EBPβ, NFκB, NF-Y (CHOP), PEA 3 (ETS) and ΔNp63 proteins bound to the specific area (-550 to -130) of the COX-2 promoter, while forming multiple protein complexes in lung cancer cells exposed to MSE and SSE. Our results define a novel link between various transcription factors occupying the COX-2 promoter and cellular response to cigarette smoke exposure bringing a new component, ΔNp63α, showing a critical role for cooperation between various chromatin components in regulation of COX-2 expression and, therefore strengthening the central role of inflammatory process in tumorigenesis of epithelial cells, especially after cigarette smoke exposure (both primary and secondhand).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Ratovitski
- Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
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36
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The epidermal growth factor receptor responsive miR-125a represses mesenchymal morphology in ovarian cancer cells. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1208-15. [PMID: 19881956 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs during embryonic development is recapitulated during tumor metastasis. Important regulators of this process include growth factors, transcription factors, and adhesion molecules. New evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA) activity contributes to metastatic progression and EMT; however, the mechanisms leading to altered miRNA expression during cancer progression remain poorly understood. Importantly, overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ovarian cancer correlates with poor disease outcome and induces EMT in ovarian cancer cells. We report that EGFR signaling leads to transcriptional repression of the miRNA miR-125a through the ETS family transcription factor PEA3. Overexpression of miR-125a induces conversion of highly invasive ovarian cancer cells from a mesenchymal to an epithelial morphology, suggesting miR-125a is a negative regulator of EMT. We identify AT-rich interactive domain 3B (ARID3B) as a target of miR-125a and demonstrate that ARID3B is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer. Repression of miR-125a through growth factor signaling represents a novel mechanism for regulating ovarian cancer invasive behavior.
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Hudson LG, Moss NM, Stack MS. EGF-receptor regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Future Oncol 2009; 5:323-38. [PMID: 19374540 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is most frequently detected when disease has already disseminated intra-abdominally, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of less than 20% owing to complications of metastasis. Peritoneal ascites is often present, establishing a unique microenvironmental niche comprised of tumor and inflammatory cells, along with a wide range of bioactive soluble factors, several of which stimulate the EGF-receptor (EGFR). Elevated EGFR is associated with less favorable disease outcome in ovarian cancer, related in part to EGFR activation of signaling cascades that lead to enhanced matrix metalloproteinase expression and/or function. The available data suggest that modulating the expression or activity of the EGFR and/or matrix metalloproteinases offers opportunity for targeted intervention in patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Moss NM, Liu Y, Johnson JJ, Debiase P, Jones J, Hudson LG, Munshi H, Stack MS. Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase endocytosis regulates the transition between invasive versus expansive growth of ovarian carcinoma cells in three-dimensional collagen. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:809-20. [PMID: 19509114 PMCID: PMC2843416 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in ovarian carcinomas and promotes cellular responses that contribute to ovarian cancer pathobiology. In addition to modulation of mitogenic and motogenic behavior, emerging data identify EGFR activation as a novel mechanism for rapid modification of the cell surface proteome. The transmembrane collagenase membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) is a major contributor to pericelluar proteolysis in the ovarian carcinoma microenvironment and is subjected to extensive posttranslational regulation. In the present study, the contribution of EGFR activation to control of MT1-MMP cell surface dynamics was investigated. Unstimulated ovarian cancer cells display caveolar colocalization of EGFR and MT1-MMP, whereas EGFR activation prompts internalization via distinct endocytic pathways. EGF treatment results in phosphorylation of the MT1-MMP cytoplasmic tail, and cells expressing a tyrosine mutated form of MT1-MMP (MT1-MMP-Y(573)F) exhibit defective MT1-MMP internalization. As a result of sustained cell surface MT1-MMP activity, a phenotypic epithelial-mesenchymal transition is observed, characterized by enhanced migration and collagen invasion, whereas growth within three-dimensional collagen gels is inhibited. These data support an EGFR-dependent mechanism for regulation of the transition between invasive and expansive growth of ovarian carcinoma cells via modulation of MT1-MMP cell surface dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Moss
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jeff J. Johnson
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Philip Debiase
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan Jones
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - H.G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Sloan KA, Marquez HA, Li J, Cao Y, Hinds A, O'Hara CJ, Kathuria S, Ramirez MI, Williams MC, Kathuria H. Increased PEA3/E1AF and decreased Net/Elk-3, both ETS proteins, characterize human NSCLC progression and regulate caveolin-1 transcription in Calu-1 and NCI-H23 NSCLC cell lines. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1433-42. [PMID: 19483189 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 protein has been called a 'conditional tumor suppressor' because it can either suppress or enhance tumor progression depending on cellular context. Caveolin-1 levels are dynamic in non-small-cell lung cancer, with increased levels in metastatic tumor cells. We have shown previously that transactivation of an erythroblastosis virus-transforming sequence (ETS) cis-element enhances caveolin-1 expression in a murine lung epithelial cell line. Based on high sequence homology between the murine and human caveolin-1 promoters, we proposed that ETS proteins might regulate caveolin-1 expression in human lung tumorigenesis. We confirm that caveolin-1 is not detected in well-differentiated primary lung tumors. Polyoma virus enhancer activator 3 (PEA3), a pro-metastatic ETS protein in breast cancer, is expressed at low levels in well-differentiated tumors and high levels in poorly differentiated tumors. Conversely, Net, a known ETS repressor, is expressed at high levels in the nucleus of well-differentiated primary tumor cells. In tumor cells in metastatic lymph node sites, caveolin-1 and PEA3 are highly expressed, whereas Net is now expressed in the cytoplasm. We studied transcriptional regulation of caveolin-1 in two human lung cancer cell lines, Calu-1 (high caveolin-1 expressing) and NCI-H23 (low caveolin-1 expressing). Chromatin immunoprecipitation-binding assays and small interfering RNA experiments show that PEA3 is a transcriptional activator in Calu-1 cells and that Net is a transcriptional repressor in NCI-H23 cells. These results suggest that Net may suppress caveolin-1 transcription in primary lung tumors and that PEA3 may activate caveolin-1 transcription in metastatic lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Sloan
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Chioni AM, Grose R. Negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10) by polyoma enhancer activator 3 (PEA3). Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:371-84. [PMID: 19410332 PMCID: PMC2691923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF-10 plays an important role in development and disease, acting as the key ligand for FGFR2B to regulate cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Aberrant FGF signalling is implicated in tumourigenesis, with several cancer studies reporting FGF-10 or FGFR2B upregulation or identifying activating mutations in Fgfr2. We used 5’ RACE to identify a novel transcription start site for murine Fgf-10. Conventional in silico analysis predicted multiple binding sites for the transcription factor PEA3 upstream of this site. Binding was confirmed by chromatin immunopreciptation, and functional significance was studied by both RNAi knockdown and transient over-expression of PEA3. Knockdown of PEA3 message led to increased Fgf-10 expression, whereas overexpression of PEA3 resulted in decreased Fgf-10 expression. Thus, we have identified PEA3 as a negative regulator of Fgf-10 expression in a murine cell line and confirmed that activity also is seen in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Furthermore, over-expression of PEA3 in these cells resulted in impaired cell migration, which was rescued by treatment with FGF-10. Thus, PEA3 can regulate the transcription of Fgf-10 and such modulation can control breast cancer cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Myrto Chioni
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Bai W, Wang L, Ji W, Gao H. Expression profiling of supraglottic carcinoma: PTEN and thrombospondin 2 are associated with inhibition of lymphatic metastasis. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:569-74. [PMID: 18720079 DOI: 10.1080/00016480802294351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Down-regulation of metastasis inhibitor genes PTEN and thrombospondin 2 may play a role in the lymphatic metastasis of supraglottic carcinoma. OBJECTIVES To investigate differentially expressed genes in supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymphatic metastasis using cDNA microarray. MATERIALS AND METHODS cDNA microarray was used to detect the expression profiles of supraglottic carcinoma and the results were validated with real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal laryngeal tissues, the expression of 15.6% (15/96) genes including cathepsin B, cathepsin D, cathepsin L, Ets1, c-Ets2, and PEA3 were up-regulated in both cases of supraglottic carcinoma. Compared with the supraglottic carcinoma with no lymph node metastasis, the expression of metastasis inhibitor genes PTEN and thrombospondin 2 was down-regulated in the supraglottic carcinoma tissue with lymph node metastasis.
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Hua D, Chen B, Bai M, Yu H, Wu X, Jin W. PEA3 activates VEGF transcription in T47D and SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2009; 41:63-8. [PMID: 19129951 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmn007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis and a prognostic factor for many tumors, including those of endocrine-responsive tissues such as the breast and uterus. In this study, we found that overexpression of PEA3 could increase VEGF mRNA levels and VEGF promoter activity in human T47D and SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that PEA3 could bind to the VEGF promoter in the cells transfected with PEA3 expression vector. PEA3 small interfering RNA attenuated VEGF promoter activity and the binding of PEA3 to the VEGF promoter in T47D and SKBR3 cells. These results indicated that PEA3 could activate VEGF promoter transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hua
- Wuxi 4th People's Hospital, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi, China
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Hudson LG, Zeineldin R, Silberberg M, Stack MS. Activated epidermal growth factor receptor in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 149:203-26. [PMID: 19763438 PMCID: PMC3701255 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-98094-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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Abstract
Three phenotypically related genetic syndromes and their lesions (LKB1, PTEN, and TSC1/2) are identified as frequently altered in lung cancer. LKB1, a kinase inactivated in 30% of lung cancers, is discussed in this review. Loss of LKB1 regulation often coincident with KRAS activation allows for unchecked growth and the metabolic capacity to accommodate the proliferation.
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Cowden Dahl KD, Symowicz J, Ning Y, Gutierrez E, Fishman DA, Adley BP, Stack MS, Hudson LG. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is a mediator of epidermal growth factor-dependent e-cadherin loss in ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4606-13. [PMID: 18559505 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is frequently elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer, and E-cadherin expression is often reduced in advanced disease. In this study, we investigated a mechanism by which EGFR activation promotes disruption of adherens junctions through induction of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). We show that EGFR activation down-modulates E-cadherin, and broad spectrum MMP inhibition ameliorates EGF-stimulated junctional disruption and loss of E-cadherin protein. MMP-9 involvement in EGF-dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin was determined by siRNA specifically directed against MMP-9. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant MMP-9 or transient expression of MMP-9 is sufficient to reduce E-cadherin levels in differentiated ovarian tumor cells. Stable overexpression of MMP-9 led to a loss of E-cadherin and junctional integrity, and promoted a migratory and invasive phenotype. Thus, elevated MMP-9 protein expression is sufficient for junctional disruption and loss of E-cadherin in these cells. The associations between EGFR activation, MMP-9 expression, and E-cadherin were investigated in human ovarian tumors and paired peritoneal metastases wherein immunohistochemical staining for activated (phospho) EGFR and MMP-9 colocalized with regions of reduced E-cadherin. These data suggest that regulation of MMP-9 by EGFR may represent a novel mechanism for down-modulation of E-cadherin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Bull Phelps SL, Schorge JO, Peyton MJ, Shigematsu H, Xiang LL, Miller DS, Lea JS. Implications of EGFR inhibition in ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 109:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hudson LG, Zeineldin R, Stack MS. Phenotypic plasticity of neoplastic ovarian epithelium: unique cadherin profiles in tumor progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25:643-55. [PMID: 18398687 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mesodermally derived normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) displays both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics and exhibits remarkable phenotypic plasticity during post-ovulatory repair. The majority of epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC) are derived from the OSE and represent the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, as most patients (approximately 70%) present at diagnosis with disseminated intra-abdominal metastasis. The predominant pattern of EOC metastasis involves pelvic dissemination rather than lymphatic or hematologic spread, distinguishing EOC from other solid tumors. Acquisition of the metastatic phenotype involves a complex series of interrelated cellular events leading to dissociation (shedding) and dispersal of malignant cells. A key event in this process is disruption of cell-cell contacts via modulation of intercellular junctional components. In contrast to most carcinomas that downregulate E-cadherin expression during tumor progression, a unique feature of primary well-differentiated ovarian cancers is a gain of epithelial features, characterized by an increase in expression of E-cadherin. Subsequent reacquisition of mesenchymal features is observed in more advanced tumors with concomitant loss of E-cadherin expression and/or function during progression to metastasis. The functional consequences of this remarkable phenotypic plasticity are not fully understood, but may play a role in modulation of cell survival in suspension (ascites), chemoresistance, and intraperitoneal anchoring of metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Laios A, O'Toole SA, Flavin R, Martin C, Ring M, Gleeson N, D'Arcy T, McGuinness EPJ, Sheils O, Sheppard BL, O' Leary JJ. An integrative model for recurrence in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:8. [PMID: 18211683 PMCID: PMC2248209 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Laios
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon A O'Toole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Martina Ring
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noreen Gleeson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tom D'Arcy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eamonn PJ McGuinness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Brian L Sheppard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John J O' Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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