1
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Meng Q, Li Y, Sun Z, Liu J. Citrulline facilitates the glycolysis, proliferation, and metastasis of lung cancer cells by regulating RAB3C. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:4372-4384. [PMID: 38770826 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the major malignant diseases threatening human health. The study aimed to identify the effect of citrulline on the malignant phenotype of LC cells and to further disclose the potential molecular mechanism of citrulline in regulating the development of LC, providing a novel molecular biological basis for the clinical treatment of LC. The effects of citrulline on the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells (A549, H1299) were validated by CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, and transwell assays. The cell glycolysis was assessed via determining the glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP levels, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). RNA-seq and molecular docking were performed to screen for citrulline-binding target proteins. Western blotting experiments were conducted to examine the expression of related signaling pathway molecules. In addition, the impacts of citrulline on LC growth in vivo were investigated by constructing mouse models. Citrulline augmented the viability of LC cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The proliferation, migration, invasion, glycolysis, and EMT processes of LC cells were substantially enhanced after citrulline treatment. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that citrulline could bind to RAB3C protein. Western blotting results indicated that citrulline activated the IL-6/STAT3 pathway by binding to RAB3C. In addition, animal experiments disclosed that citrulline promoted tumor growth in mice. Citrulline accelerated the glycolysis and activated the IL6/STAT3 pathway through the RAB3C protein, consequently facilitating the development of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yanguang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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2
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Ferreira A, Castanheira P, Escrevente C, Barral DC, Barona T. Membrane trafficking alterations in breast cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1350097. [PMID: 38533085 PMCID: PMC10963426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1350097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women, and remains one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. It is now well established that alterations in membrane trafficking are implicated in BC progression. Indeed, membrane trafficking pathways regulate BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The 22 members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and the >60 members of the rat sarcoma (RAS)-related in brain (RAB) families of small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases), which belong to the RAS superfamily, are master regulators of membrane trafficking pathways. ARF-like (ARL) subfamily members are involved in various processes, including vesicle budding and cargo selection. Moreover, ARFs regulate cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction. RABs are key regulators of all steps of membrane trafficking. Interestingly, the activity and/or expression of some of these proteins is found dysregulated in BC. Here, we review how the processes regulated by ARFs and RABs are subverted in BC, including secretion/exocytosis, endocytosis/recycling, autophagy/lysosome trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, integrin-mediated signaling, among others. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by ARF and RAB family members, as well as their regulators in BC progression, aiming to lay the foundation for future research in this field. This research should focus on further dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulated by ARFs and RABs that are subverted in BC, and exploring their use as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers.
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3
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Gargiulo E, Viry E, Morande PE, Largeot A, Gonder S, Xian F, Ioannou N, Benzarti M, Kleine Borgmann FB, Mittelbronn M, Dittmar G, Nazarov PV, Meiser J, Stamatopoulos B, Ramsay AG, Moussay E, Paggetti J. Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by Leukemia Cells In Vivo Promotes CLL Progression by Hampering Antitumor T-cell Responses. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:54-77. [PMID: 36108149 PMCID: PMC9816815 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicle (sEV, or exosome) communication among cells in the tumor microenvironment has been modeled mainly in cell culture, whereas their relevance in cancer pathogenesis and progression in vivo is less characterized. Here we investigated cancer-microenvironment interactions in vivo using mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). sEVs isolated directly from CLL tissue were enriched in specific miRNA and immune-checkpoint ligands. Distinct molecular components of tumor-derived sEVs altered CD8+ T-cell transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, leading to decreased functions and cell exhaustion ex vivo and in vivo. Using antagomiRs and blocking antibodies, we defined specific cargo-mediated alterations on CD8+ T cells. Abrogating sEV biogenesis by Rab27a/b knockout dramatically delayed CLL pathogenesis. This phenotype was rescued by exogenous leukemic sEV or CD8+ T-cell depletion. Finally, high expression of sEV-related genes correlated with poor outcomes in CLL patients, suggesting sEV profiling as a prognostic tool. In conclusion, sEVs shape the immune microenvironment during CLL progression. SIGNIFICANCE sEVs produced in the leukemia microenvironment impair CD8+ T-cell mediated antitumor immune response and are indispensable for leukemia progression in vivo in murine preclinical models. In addition, high expression of sEV-related genes correlated with poor survival and unfavorable clinical parameters in CLL patients. See related commentary by Zhong and Guo, p. 5. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gargiulo
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elodie Viry
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Pablo Elías Morande
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anne Largeot
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Susanne Gonder
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Feng Xian
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Nikolaos Ioannou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohaned Benzarti
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Bruno Kleine Borgmann
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Multiomics Data Science Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alan G. Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Corresponding Authors: Jérôme Paggetti, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg. Phone: 352-26970-344; E-mail: ; and Etienne Moussay. Phone: 352-26970-232; E-mail:
| | - Jérôme Paggetti
- Tumor–Stroma Interactions Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Corresponding Authors: Jérôme Paggetti, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6, Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg. Phone: 352-26970-344; E-mail: ; and Etienne Moussay. Phone: 352-26970-232; E-mail:
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4
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Weaver JW, Zhang J, Rojas J, Musich PR, Yao Z, Jiang Y. The application of exosomes in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1022725. [PMID: 36438660 PMCID: PMC9684310 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1022725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and invasive breast cancer (BC) subtype that is estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-negative. So far, the treatment of TNBC is still ineffective due to the lack of well-defined molecular targets. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles composed of lipid bilayers. They originate from various types of donor cells and release a complex mixture of contents including diverse nucleic acid types (miRNA, LnRNA, siRNA, and DNA) and proteins; after binding to recipient cells the exosomes release their contents that execute their biological functions. Exosomes have been reported to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of TNBC, including tumor initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. On the other hand, exosomes can be valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of TNBC. More interestingly, exosomes can be harnessed as a nanosized drug-delivery system specifically targeting TNBC. In this review, we present the most recent mechanistic findings and clinical applications of exosomes in TNBC therapy, focusing on their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, nanoscale drug delivery platforms, and immunotherapeutic agents. In addition, the associated challenges and future directions of using exosomes for TNBC treatment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Juan Rojas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Phillip R. Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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5
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Zhou Y, Xiao Z, Zhu W. The roles of small extracellular vesicles as prognostic biomarkers and treatment approaches in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:998964. [PMID: 36212432 PMCID: PMC9537600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.998964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive and invasive breast cancer subtype and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Treatment approaches for TNBC remain limited partly due to the lack of expression of well-known molecular targets. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carrying a variety of bioactive contents play an important role in intercellular communications. The biomolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites can be transferred locally or systematically to recipient cells and regulate their biological states and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. Recently, despite the extensive attraction to the physiological functions of sEVs, few studies focus on the roles of sEVs in TNBC. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of sEVs in the tumor microenvironment of TNBC. Moreover, we will discuss the potential roles of sEVs as diagnostic markers and treatment therapy in this heterogeneous breast cancer subtype. We finally summarize the clinical application of sEVs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yueyuan Zhou,
| | - Zhongdang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Kuo IY, Hsieh CH, Kuo WT, Chang CP, Wang YC. Recent advances in conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways in the tumor microenvironment. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:56. [PMID: 35927755 PMCID: PMC9354273 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells in the changing tumor microenvironment (TME) need a class of checkpoints to regulate the balance among exocytosis, endocytosis, recycling and degradation. The vesicular trafficking and secretion pathways regulated by the small Rab GTPases and their effectors convey cell growth and migration signals and function as meditators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent advances suggest that Rab proteins govern conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways by trafficking widely diverse cargoes and substrates in remodeling TME. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways, their action modes and impacts on the cancer and stromal cells have been the focus of much attention for the past two decades. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of vesicular secretion pathways in TME. We begin with an overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of vesicular secretion pathways. We then systematically discuss how the three fundamental vesicular secretion processes respond to extracellular cues in TME. These processes are the conventional protein secretion via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus route and two types of unconventional protein secretion via extracellular vesicles and secretory autophagy. The latest advances and future directions in vesicular secretion-involved interplays between tumor cells, stromal cell and host immunity are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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7
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Cheng L, Hill AF. Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:379-399. [PMID: 35236964 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has developed rapidly over the last decade from the study of fundamental biology to a subject of significant clinical relevance. The potential of harnessing EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases - including cancer and neurological and cardiovascular disorders - is now being recognized. Accordingly, the applications of EVs as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, novel drug delivery agents and standalone therapeutics are being actively explored. This Review provides a brief overview of the characteristics and physiological functions of the various classes of EV, focusing on their association with disease and emerging strategies for their therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Cheng
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Jamshidiha M, Lanyon-Hogg T, Sutherell CL, Craven GB, Tersa M, De Vita E, Brustur D, Pérez-Dorado I, Hassan S, Petracca R, Morgan RM, Sanz-Hernández M, Norman JC, Armstrong A, Mann DJ, Cota E, Tate EW. Identification of the first structurally validated covalent ligands of the small GTPase RAB27A. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:150-155. [PMID: 35308027 PMCID: PMC8864489 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab27A is a small GTPase, which mediates transport and docking of secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane via protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with effector proteins. Rab27A promotes the growth and invasion of multiple cancer types such as breast, lung and pancreatic, by enhancing secretion of chemokines, metalloproteases and exosomes. The significant role of Rab27A in multiple cancer types and the minor role in adults suggest that Rab27A may be a suitable target to disrupt cancer metastasis. Similar to many GTPases, the flat topology of the Rab27A-effector PPI interface and the high affinity for GTP make it a challenging target for inhibition by small molecules. Reported co-crystal structures show that several effectors of Rab27A interact with the Rab27A SF4 pocket ('WF-binding pocket') via a conserved tryptophan-phenylalanine (WF) dipeptide motif. To obtain structural insight into the ligandability of this pocket, a novel construct was designed fusing Rab27A to part of an effector protein (fRab27A), allowing crystallisation of Rab27A in high throughput. The paradigm of KRas covalent inhibitor development highlights the challenge presented by GTPase proteins as targets. However, taking advantage of two cysteine residues, C123 and C188, that flank the WF pocket and are unique to Rab27A and Rab27B among the >60 Rab family proteins, we used the quantitative Irreversible Tethering (qIT) assay to identify the first covalent ligands for native Rab27A. The binding modes of two hits were elucidated by co-crystallisation with fRab27A, exemplifying a platform for identifying suitable lead fragments for future development of competitive inhibitors of the Rab27A-effector interaction interface, corroborating the use of covalent libraries to tackle challenging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jamshidiha
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Thomas Lanyon-Hogg
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - Gregory B Craven
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Montse Tersa
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Elena De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Delia Brustur
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - Sarah Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rita Petracca
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rhodri M Morgan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Jim C Norman
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate Glasgow G61 1BD UK
| | - Alan Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - David J Mann
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ernesto Cota
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
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9
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BHMPS Inhibits Breast Cancer Migration and Invasion by Disrupting Rab27a-Mediated EGFR and Fibronectin Secretion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020373. [PMID: 35053535 PMCID: PMC8773646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Numerous studies targeting Rab GTPases and its multiple effectors have been attempted since exocytosis has been shown to alter tumor malignancy by modulating cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrated that BHMPS inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by blocking the interaction between Rab27a and Slp4. BHMPS interfered with vesicle trafficking and secretion by decreasing FAK and JNK activation. In addition, BHMPS suppressed tumor growth in Rab27a-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice. This study highlighted the importance of understanding the mechanisms of Rab27a-mediated metastasis in improving the therapeutic options for metastatic cancers. Abstract Our previous work demonstrated that (E)-N-benzyl-6-(2-(3, 4-dihydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl)-N-methylpyridine-3-sulfonamide (BHMPS), a novel synthetic inhibitor of Rab27aSlp(s) interaction, suppresses tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we aimed to further investigate the mechanisms of action and biological significance of BHMPS. BHMPS decreased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, thereby reducing the migration and invasion of breast cancer. Additionally, knockdown of Rab27a inhibited tumor migration, with changes in related signaling molecules, whereas overexpression of Rab27a reversed this phenomenon. BHMPS effectively prevented the interaction of Rab27a and its effector Slp4, which was verified by co-localization, immunoprecipitation, and in situ proximity ligation assays. BHMPS decreased the secretion of epidermal growth factor receptor and fibronectin by interfering with vesicle trafficking, as indicated by increased perinuclear accumulation of CD63-positive vesicles. Moreover, administration of BHMPS suppressed tumor growth in Rab27a-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice. These findings suggest that BHMPS may be a promising candidate for attenuating tumor migration and invasion by blocking Rab27a-mediated exocytosis.
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10
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Takanashi Y, Kahyo T, Kamamoto S, Zhang H, Chen B, Ping Y, Mizuno K, Kawase A, Koizumi K, Satou M, Funai K, Shiiya N, Setou M. Ubiquitin-like 3 as a new protein-sorting factor for small extracellular vesicles. Cell Struct Funct 2022; 47:1-18. [PMID: 35197392 PMCID: PMC10511055 DOI: 10.1247/csf.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) is a well-conserved ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) in eukaryotes and regulates the ubiquitin cascade, but the significant roles of UBL3 in cellular processes remained unknown. Recently, UBL3 was elucidated to be a post-translational modification factor that promotes protein sorting to small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Proteins sorted into sEVs have been studied as etiologies of sEV-related diseases. Also, there have been attempts to construct drug delivery systems (DDSs) by loading proteins into sEVs. In this review, we introduce the new concept that UBL3 has a critical role in the protein-sorting system and compare structure conservation between UBL3 and other UBLs from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude with future perspectives for the utility of UBL3 in sEV-related diseases and DDS.Key words: UBL3, small extracellular vesicles, protein sorting, ubiquitin-like protein, post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takanashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Sae Kamamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hengsen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yashuang Ping
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kiyomichi Mizuno
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kei Koizumi
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masanori Satou
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Norihiko Shiiya
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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11
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Zhu M, Li S, Li S, Wang H, Xu J, Wang Y, Liang G. Strategies for Engineering Exosomes and Their Applications in Drug Delivery. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2271-2297. [PMID: 34974854 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are representative of a promising vehicle for delivery of biomolecules. Despite their discovery nearly 40 years, knowledge of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the role they play in etiology of disease and normal cellular physiology remains in its infancy. EVs are produced in almost all cells, containing nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins delivered from donor cells to recipient cells. Consequently, they act as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent studies have shown that, exosomes are associated with numerous physiological and pathological processes as a small subset of EVs, and they play a significant role in disease progression and treatment. In this review, we discuss several key questions: what are exosomes, why do they matter, and how do we repurpose them in their strategies and applications in drug delivery systems. In addition, opportunities and challenges of exosome-based theranostics are also described and directions for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yili Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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12
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Bladder Cancer-related microRNAs With In Vivo Efficacy in Preclinical Models. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2021; 1:245-263. [PMID: 35403137 PMCID: PMC8988954 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Progressive and metastatic bladder cancer remain difficult to treat. In this review, we critique seven up-regulated and 25 down-regulated microRNAs in order to identify new therapeutic entities and corresponding targets. These microRNAs were selected with respect to their efficacy in bladder cancer-related preclinical in vivo models. MicroRNAs and related targets interfering with chemoresistance, cell-cycle, signaling, apoptosis, autophagy, transcription factor modulation, epigenetic modification and metabolism are described. In addition, we highlight microRNAs targeting transmembrane receptors and secreted factors. We discuss druggability issues for the identified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences,Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Bourhim T, Villareal MO, Gadhi C, Isoda H. Elucidation of Melanogenesis-Associated Signaling Pathways Regulated by Argan Press Cake in B16 Melanoma Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082697. [PMID: 34444857 PMCID: PMC8398289 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect on health of argan oil is recognized worldwide. We have previously reported that the cake that remains after argan oil extraction (argan press-cake or APC) inhibits melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells in a time-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. In this study, the global gene expression profile of B16 melanoma cells treated with APC extract was determined in order to gain an understanding of the possible mechanisms of action of APC. The results suggest that APC extract inhibits melanin biosynthesis by down-regulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) and its downstream signaling pathway through JNK signaling activation, and the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways. APC extract also prevented the transport of melanosomes by down-regulating Rab27a expression. These results suggest that APC may be an important natural skin whitening product and pharmacological agent used for clinical treatment of pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouria Bourhim
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, B.P. 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| | - Myra O. Villareal
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chemseddoha Gadhi
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, B.P. 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (H.I.)
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14
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Huang D, Chen J, Hu D, Xie F, Yang T, Li Z, Wang X, Xiao Y, Zhong J, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhong T. Advances in Biological Function and Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicle Membrane Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675940. [PMID: 34094979 PMCID: PMC8172959 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound vesicles secreted into extracellular spaces by virtually all types of cells. These carry a large number of membrane proteins on their surface that are incorporated during their biogenesis in cells. The composition of the membrane proteins hence bears the signature of the cells from which they originate. Recent studies have suggested that the proteins on these small extracellular vesicles can serve as biomarkers and target proteins for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This article classifies small extracellular vesicle membrane proteins and summarizes their pathophysiological functions in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defa Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Die Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tong Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yongwei Xiao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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15
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH. A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1281-1312. [PMID: 33628021 PMCID: PMC7898217 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s291956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. Biogenesis of exosomes is a protein quality control mechanism, and once released, exosomes transmit signals to other cells. The applications of exosomes have increased immensely in biomedical fields owing to their cell-specific cargos that facilitate intercellular communications with neighboring cells through the transfer of biologically active compounds. The diverse constituents of exosomes reflect their cell of origin and their detection in biological fluids represents a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosome research is expanding rapidly due to the potential for clinical application to therapeutics and diagnosis. However, several aspects of exosome biology remain elusive. To discover the use of exosomes in the biomedical applications, we must better understand the basic molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis and function. In this comprehensive review, we describe factors involved in exosomes biogenesis and the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling and cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, and infectious diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of exosomes as diagnostic markers, and their therapeutic and clinical implications. Furthermore, we addressed the challenges and outstanding developments in exosome research, and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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16
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Zhou W, Zheng X, Cheng C, Guo G, Zhong Y, Liu W, Liu K, Chen Y, Liu S, Liu S. Rab27a deletion impairs the therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells for myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:797-807. [PMID: 33095380 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation has shown advantages in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in animal models and clinical trials through mechanisms of direct intercellular contacts, autocrine, and paracrine. However, the effects of EPC transplantation for MI treatment remain controversial and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored the role of Rab27a in the therapeutic potential of EPC transplantation in MI. We found that Rab27a knockout impaired the viability, and reduced the proliferation and tube formation function of ECPs. The recovery of cardiac function and improvement of ventricular remodeling from EPCs transplantation were significantly damaged by Rab27a deletion in vivo. Rab27a deletion inhibited the protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation levels of Akt and FoxO3a. Therefore, Rab27a knockout suppressed the PI3K-Akt-FoxO3a/cyclin D1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Rab27a ablation dramatically reduced exosome release in EPCs. These results demonstrated that Rab27a plays an essential role in EPC functions. The elucidation of this mechanism provides novel insights into EPC transplantation as a promising treatment for post-MI injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfang Cheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixian Guo
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Choi J, Sung JY, Lee S, Yoo J, Rongo C, Kim YN, Shim J. Rab8 and Rabin8-Mediated Tumor Formation by Hyperactivated EGFR Signaling via FGFR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207770. [PMID: 33092268 PMCID: PMC7589727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is important for normal development, such as vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans, and hyperactivation of the EGFR is often associated with cancer development. Our previous report demonstrated the multivulva (Muv) phenotype, a tumor model in C. elegans (jgIs25 strain) by engineering LET-23/EGFR with a TKI-resistant human EGFR T790-L858 mutant. Because Rab proteins regulate vesicle transport, which is important for receptor signaling, we screened the RNAi in the jgIs25 strain to find the Rabs critical for Muv formation. Herein, we show that rab-8 RNAi and the rab-8 (-/-) mutation effectively reduce Muv formation. We demonstrate that RABN-8, an ortholog of Rabin8, known as a GEF for Rab8, is also required for Muv formation by promoting the secretion of EGL-17/FGF from vulval precursor cells. In addition, FGFR inhibitors decreased Muv formation mediated by mutant EGFR. Our data suggest that Rab8 and Rabin8 mediate Muv formation through FGF secretion in the EGFR-TKI-resistant nematode model. Furthermore, FGFR-TKIs more effectively inhibit the growth of lung cancer cell lines in H1975 (EGFR T790M-L858R; EGFR-TKI-resistant) than H522 (wild-type EGFR) and H1650 (EGFR exon 19 deletion; EGFR-TKI-sensitive) cells, suggesting that FGFR-TKIs could be used to control cancers with EGFR-TKI-resistant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Choi
- Research Institute of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.S.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jee Young Sung
- Research Institute of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.S.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Saerom Lee
- Research Institute of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.S.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jungyoen Yoo
- Research Institute of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.S.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Christopher Rongo
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Research Institute of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.S.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-N.K.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2415 (Y.-N.K.); +82-31-920-2262 (J.S.)
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Research Institute of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.S.); (S.L.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-N.K.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2415 (Y.-N.K.); +82-31-920-2262 (J.S.)
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18
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Chao H, Deng L, Xu F, Fu B, Zhu Z, Dong Z, Liu YN, Zeng T. RAB14 activates MAPK signaling to promote bladder tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1341-1351. [PMID: 30809635 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a fatal invasive malignancy accounting for approximately 5% of all cancer deaths in humans; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential targeted therapeutics for BC patients remain unclear. We report herein that RAB14 was overexpressed in BC tissues and cells with high metastatic potential and its abundance was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), a high-grade tumor stage (P = 0.009), poor differentiation (P < 0.001) and unfavorable prognoses of BC patients (P = 0.003, log-rank test). Interference by RAB14 mediated a reduction in the TWIST1 protein and inhibited cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05). Moreover, silencing RAB14 reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and suppressed tumorigenesis in a mouse xenograft model. We demonstrated that RAB14-promoted BC cancer development and progression were associated with activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling through upregulation of MAPK1/MAPK8 and downregulation of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 6/Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein/Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOS). We provide evidence that RAB14 acts as a tumor promoter and modulates the invasion and metastatic potential of BC cells via activating the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Leihong Deng
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Fanghua Xu
- Pathology Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Zunwei Zhu
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Dong
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yen-Nien Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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19
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Exosomes in triple negative breast cancer: Garbage disposals or Trojan horses? Cancer Lett 2020; 473:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Zhu Y, Shi F, Wang M, Ding J. Knockdown of Rab9 Suppresses the Progression of Gastric Cancer Through Regulation of Akt Signaling Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820915958. [PMID: 32301398 PMCID: PMC7168775 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820915958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabs have been reported to be involved in the carcinogenesis process and in the progression of cancer. However, it is unclear whether or not Rab9 is associated with the development of cancer. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Rab9 in the biological functions of gastric cancer cells. The gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN45 were transfected with siRNA-Rab9 to block the expression of Rab9. The cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were examined using Cell Count Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Our data showed that silencing of Rab9 significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of AGS and MKN45 cells. Moreover, transfection with siRab9 promoted the rate of apoptosis in AGS and MKN45 cells through regulating the Bcl-2-Bax axis and the Caspase cascade. We also found that silencing of Rab9 inhibited activation of the Akt signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation level of Akt. In conclusion, our data suggest that Rab9 plays an oncogenic role in the progression of gastric cancer, providing a potential target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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21
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Inactivation of Rab27B-dependent signaling pathway by calycosin inhibits migration and invasion of ER-negative breast cancer cells. Gene 2019; 709:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Fan L, Zhou P, Hong Q, Chen AX, Liu GY, Yu KD, Shao ZM. Toll-like receptor 3 acts as a suppressor gene in breast cancer initiation and progression: a two-stage association study and functional investigation. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1593801. [PMID: 31069157 PMCID: PMC6492959 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1593801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a receptor recognizing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from viruses as well as from lytic mammalian cells. In the present study, we performed a two-stage association study (n = 3,551) and found that the minor alleles of two SNPs (the T-allele of rs5743312 and the T-allele of rs3775296) conferred increased risks of breast cancer incidence. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 2.281 (P = 7.01 × 10-5) and 2.086 (P = 8.69 × 10-5), respectively. Specifically, the susceptibility variants within TLR3 were significantly associated with larger tumor size (adjusted P-values: 0.004 for rs5743312 and 0.004 for rs3775296). Furthermore, we investigated the biological function of the TLR3 protein in breast cancer cell lines. Notably, the stable expression of TLR3 directly inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. We also verified that TLR3 conferred less invasive phenotypes on breast cancer cells by regulating the mRNA expression of a panel of genes. TLR3-mediated inhibition of proliferation was caused by downregulation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that common genetic changes in the TLR3 gene may influence breast cancer susceptibility and development, and TLR3 plays a negative regulatory role in the initiation and progression of human breast cancer cells, at least in part by downregulating the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Parkway Health, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Qi Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ao-Xiang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Da Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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23
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Chen H, Chen G, Li G, Zhang S, Chen H, Chen Y, Duggan D, Hu Z, Chen J, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Huang H, Zheng SL, Trent JM, Yu L, Jiang D, Mo Z, Wang H, Mou Y, Jiang T, Mao Y, Xu J, Lu D. Two novel genetic variants in the STK38L and RAB27A genes are associated with glioma susceptibility. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2372-2382. [PMID: 30714141 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumors with poor prognosis. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) of glioma in populations with Western European ancestry were completed in the US and UK. However, our previous results strongly suggest the genetic heterogeneity could be important in glioma risk. To systematically investigate glioma risk-associated variants in Chinese population, we performed a multistage GWAS of glioma in the Han Chinese population, with a total of 3,097 glioma cases and 4,362 controls. In addition to confirming two associations reported in other ancestry groups, this study identified one new risk-associated locus for glioma on chromosome 12p11.23 (rs10842893, pmeta = 2.33x10-12, STK38L) as well as a promising association at 15q15-21.1 (rs4774756, pmeta = 6.12x10-8, RAB27A) in 3,097 glioma cases and 4,362 controls. Our findings demonstrate two novel association between the glioma risk region marked by variant rs10842893 and rs4774756) and glioma risk. These findings may advance the understanding of genetic susceptibility to glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dave Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yonggao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Jamshidiha M, Pérez-Dorado I, Murray JW, Tate EW, Cota E, Read RJ. Coping with strong translational noncrystallographic symmetry and extreme anisotropy in molecular replacement with Phaser: human Rab27a. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:342-353. [PMID: 30950405 PMCID: PMC6450061 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318017825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Data pathologies caused by effects such as diffraction anisotropy and translational noncrystallographic symmetry (tNCS) can dramatically complicate the solution of the crystal structures of macromolecules. Such problems were encountered in determining the structure of a mutant form of Rab27a, a member of the Rab GTPases. Mutant Rab27a constructs that crystallize in the free form were designed for use in the discovery of drugs to reduce primary tumour invasiveness and metastasis. One construct, hRab27aMut, crystallized within 24 h and diffracted to 2.82 Å resolution, with a unit cell possessing room for a large number of protein copies. Initial efforts to solve the structure using molecular replacement by Phaser were not successful. Analysis of the data set revealed that the crystals suffered from both extreme anisotropy and strong tNCS. As a result, large numbers of reflections had estimated standard deviations that were much larger than their measured intensities and their expected intensities, revealing problems with the use of such data at the time in Phaser. By eliminating extremely weak reflections with the largest combined effects of anisotropy and tNCS, these problems could be avoided, allowing a molecular-replacement solution to be found. The lessons that were learned in solving this structure have guided improvements in the numerical analysis used in Phaser, particularly in identifying diffraction measurements that convey very little information content. The calculation of information content could also be applied as an alternative to ellipsoidal truncation. The post-mortem analysis also revealed an oversight in accounting for measurement errors in the fast rotation function. While the crystal of mutant Rab27a is not amenable to drug screening, the structure can guide new modifications to obtain more suitable crystal forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jamshidiha
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, England
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, England
| | - Inmaculada Pérez-Dorado
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - James W. Murray
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, England
| | - Ernesto Cota
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Randy J. Read
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England
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25
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Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2) is a signature of secretory phenotype and independent predictor of adverse prognosis in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211564. [PMID: 30768610 PMCID: PMC6377119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis. The two ODC antizyme inhibitors (AZIN1) and (AZIN2) are regulators of the catalytic activity of ODC. While AZIN1 is a regulator of cell proliferation, AZIN2 is involved in intracellular vesicle transport and secretion. There are no previous reports on the impact of AZIN2 expression in human cancer. We applied immunohistochemistry with antibodies to human AZIN2 on tissue micro- arrays of colorectal cancers (CRC) from 840 patients with a median follow-up of 5.1 years (range 0-25.8). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 58.9% (95% Cl 55.0-62.8%). High AZIN2 expression was associated with mucinous histology (p = 0.002) and location in the right hemicolon (p = 0.021). We found no association with age, gender, stage, or histological tumor grade. High tumor expression of AZIN2 predicted an unfavorable prognosis (p<0.0001, log-rank test), compared to low AZIN2 expression. Cox multivariable analysis identified AZIN2 as an independent factor of an unfavorable prognosis in CRC. The strongest AZIN2 expression was seen in invasive tumor cells having morphological features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Induction of EMT in HT-29 CRC cells lead to upregulated expression of endogenous AZIN2. Given that AZIN2 is a regulator of vesicle transport and secretion, we overexpressed human AZIN2 cDNA in T84 CRC cells, and found strongly enhanced accumulation of CD63-positive exosomes in the culture medium. These findings indicate that AZIN2 expression is a signature of EMT-associated secretory phenotype that is linked to an adverse prognosis in CRC.
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26
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Shahabi A, Naghili B, Ansarin K, Zarghami N. The relationship between microRNAs and Rab family GTPases in human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12341-12352. [PMID: 30609026 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs), as a group of noncoding RNAs, posttranscriptionally control gene expression by binding to 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Ras-associated binding (Rab) proteins function as molecular switches for regulating vesicular transport, which mainly have oncogenic roles in cancer development and preventing the efficacy of chemotherapies. Increased evidence supported that miRNAs/Rabs interaction have been determined as potential therapeutics for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, instability and cross-targeting of miRNAs are main limitations of using miRNA-based therapeutic. The mutual interplay between Rabs and miRNAs has been poorly understood. In the present review, we focused on the essence and activity of these molecules in cancer pathogenesis. Also, numerous hindrances and potential methods in the expansion of miRNA as an anticancer therapeutics are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shahabi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Naghili
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Guo D, Lui GYL, Lai SL, Wilmott JS, Tikoo S, Jackett LA, Quek C, Brown DL, Sharp DM, Kwan RYQ, Chacon D, Wong JH, Beck D, van Geldermalsen M, Holst J, Thompson JF, Mann GJ, Scolyer RA, Stow JL, Weninger W, Haass NK, Beaumont KA. RAB27A promotes melanoma cell invasion and metastasis via regulation of pro-invasive exosomes. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:3070-3085. [PMID: 30556600 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted and immune-based therapies, advanced stage melanoma remains a clinical challenge with a poor prognosis. Understanding the genes and cellular processes that drive progression and metastasis is critical for identifying new therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that the GTPase RAB27A was overexpressed in a subset of melanomas, which correlated with poor patient survival. Loss of RAB27A expression in melanoma cell lines inhibited 3D spheroid invasion and cell motility in vitro, and spontaneous metastasis in vivo. The reduced invasion phenotype was rescued by RAB27A-replete exosomes, but not RAB27A-knockdown exosomes, indicating that RAB27A is responsible for the generation of pro-invasive exosomes. Furthermore, while RAB27A loss did not alter the number of exosomes secreted, it did change exosome size and altered the composition and abundance of exosomal proteins, some of which are known to regulate cancer cell movement. Our data suggest that RAB27A promotes the biogenesis of a distinct pro-invasive exosome population. These findings support RAB27A as a key cancer regulator, as well as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Guo
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Goldie Y L Lui
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Siew Li Lai
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shweta Tikoo
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Jackett
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Camelia Quek
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren L Brown
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danae M Sharp
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rain Y Q Kwan
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason H Wong
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Dominik Beck
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle van Geldermalsen
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kimberley A Beaumont
- The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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28
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Daphnane diterpenes inhibit the metastatic potential of B16F10 murine melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:856. [PMID: 30157785 PMCID: PMC6116488 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is one of the most invasive and aggressive types of cancer with a very poor prognosis. Surgery remains the most efficient treatment prior melanoma invasion and metastasis formation. However, therapy becomes a challenge once the cancer cells colonized other tissues. At present, there are two main classes of therapies acting with a certain efficiency on metastatic melanoma: immune check point inhibitors (anti-PD1/PDL1) and targeted therapy such as Vemurafenib. Unfortunately, these therapies are not fully responsive, induce resistance and/or generate unwanted side effects. In this respect, it is important to continue to discover new cancer therapeutics. Here, we show that daphnane diterpenes type of compounds can prevent melanoma metastasis by inhibiting metastasis-associated matrix metalloproteinases expression without cytotoxicity. METHODS Evaluation of the anti-metastasis effect of daphnane diterpenes-rich Thymelaea hirsuta extract (TH) and its bioactive component gnidilatidin was carried out in vitro using B16 murine melanoma cells and in vivo using male C57BL/6 J mice. Global gene expression in B16 cells was done using DNA microarray, validated using real-time PCR, to further understand the effect of daphnane diterpenes, specifically daphnane diterpenoid gnidilatidin. RESULTS Oral administration of daphnane diterpenes-rich Thymelaea hirsuta extract (TH) suppressed MMP2 and MMP9 expression, decreasing lung tumor in mice injected with B16 murine melanoma cells. Validation of these observations in vitro showed reduced B16 cells migration, adhesion, and invasion. Results of microarray analysis of B16 cells treated with daphnane diterpenoid gnidilatidin from TH revealed an upregulation of tumor suppressor Egr1 while inhibiting metastasis-associated genes Id2 and Sytl2 expression. A downregulation of the melanoma oncogene microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) was observed, and most likely caused by the inhibition of Id2, a gene that regulated HLH transcription factors such as MITF and also reported to promote tumor cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Daphnane diterpenes have inhibitory effect on the metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells, and the results of this study provided evidence for their potential for use in the prevention and inhibition of melanoma metastasis.
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29
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Villagomez FR, Medina-Contreras O, Cerna-Cortes JF, Patino-Lopez G. The role of the oncogenic Rab35 in cancer invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion, especially in leukemia. Small GTPases 2018; 11:334-345. [PMID: 29781368 PMCID: PMC7549652 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1463895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cancer has allowed researchers to describe some biological characteristics that tumor cells acquire during their development, known as the “hallmarks of cancer” but more research is needed to expand our knowledge about cancer biology and to generate new strategies of treatment. The role that RabGTPases might play in some hallmarks of cancer represents interesting areas of study since these proteins are frequently altered in cancer. However, their participation is not well known. Recently, Rab35was recognized as an oncogenic RabGTPase and and because of its association with different cellular functions, distinctly important in immune cells, a possible role of Rab35 in leukemia can be suggested. Nevertheless, the involvement of Rab35 in cancer remains poorly understood and its possible specific role in leukemia remains unknown. In this review, we analyze general aspects of the participation of RabGTPases in cancer, and especially, the plausible role of Rab35 in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Genaro Patino-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
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30
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Lin MC, Chen SY, He PL, Herschman H, Li HJ. PGE 2 /EP 4 antagonism enhances tumor chemosensitivity by inducing extracellular vesicle-mediated clearance of cancer stem cells. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1440-1455. [PMID: 29658109 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells expressing mesenchymal/basal phenotypes in tumors have been associated with stem cell properties. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. We explored overcoming mesenchymal CSC resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Our goal was to reduce CSC numbers in vivo, in conjunction with chemotherapy, to reduce tumor burden. Analysis of clinical samples demonstrated that COX-2/PGE2 /EP4 signaling is elevated in basal-like and chemoresistant breast carcinoma and is correlated with survival and relapse of breast cancer. EP4 antagonism elicts a striking shift of breast cancer cells from a mesenchymal/CSC state to a more epithelial non-CSC state. The transition was mediated by EP4 antagonist-induced extracellular vesicles [(EVs)/exosomes] which removed CSC markers, mesenchymal markers, integrins, and drug efflux transporters from the CSCs. In addition, EP4 antagonism-induced CSC EVs/exosomes can convert tumor epithelial/non-CSCs to mesenchymal/CSCs able to give rise to tumors and to promote tumor cell dissemination. Because of its ability to induce a CSC-to-non-CSC transition, EP4 antagonist treatment in vivo reduced the numbers of CSCs within tumors and increased tumor chemosensitivity. EP4 antagonist treatment enhances tumor response to chemotherapy by reducing the numbers of chemotherapy-resistant CSCs available to repopulate the tumor. EP4 antagonism can collaborate with conventional chemotherapy to reduce tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin He
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Harvey Herschman
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hua-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
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31
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Feng F, Jiang Y, Lu H, Lu X, Wang S, Wang L, Wei M, Lu W, Du Z, Ye Z, Yang G, Yuan F, Ma Y, Lei X, Lu Z. Rab27A mediated by NF-κB promotes the stemness of colon cancer cells via up-regulation of cytokine secretion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63342-63351. [PMID: 27556511 PMCID: PMC5325368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences have unveiled critical roles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumorigenicity, but how interactions between CSC and tumor environments help maintain CSC initiation remains obscure. The small GTPases Rab27A regulates autocrine and paracrine cytokines by monitoring exocytosis of extracellular vesicles, and is reported to promote certain tumor progression. We observe that overexpression of Rab27A increased sphere formation efficiency (SFE) by increasing the proportion of CD44+ and PKH26high cells in HT29 cell lines, and accelerating the growth of colosphere with higher percentage of cells at S phase. Mechanism study revealed that the supernatant derived from HT29 sphere after Rab27A overexpression was able to expand sphere numbers with elevated secretion of VEGF and TGF-β. In tumor implanting nude mice model, tumor initiation rates and tumor sizes were enhanced by Rab27A with obvious angiogenesis. As a contrast, knocking down Rab27A impaired the above effects. More importantly, the correlation between higher p65 level and Rab27A in colon sphere was detected, p65 was sufficient to induce up-regulation of Rab27A and a functional NF-κB binding site in the Rab27A promoter was demonstrated. Altogether, our findings reveal a unique mechanism that tumor environment related NF-κB signaling promotes various colon cancer stem cells (cCSCs) properties via an amplified paracrine mechanism regulated by higher Rab27A level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yinghao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaozhao Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhichao Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zichen Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Anti-cancer effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57932-57942. [PMID: 27462771 PMCID: PMC5295401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid, a potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (NBP), has been extensively used to limit bone turnover in a various diseases including tumors. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated direct anti-cancer effects of zoledronic acid, in addition to its clinical benefits for skeletal-related events. Here we investigated the effects of 4 clinically available NBPs on human tumor cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate a potent anti-proliferative effect of zoledronic acid against glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines, breast cancer cells and GBM patient-derived lines. Zoledronic acid also effectively inhibited GBM tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. Zoledronic acid strongly stimulated autophagy but not apoptotic signals in all tested cells. Only one intermediate product of cholesterols synthesis pathway, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) rescued cells from the cytotoxic effects of zoledronic acid. To further investigate the effect of GGPP, we knocked down RABGGTA, which encodes a subunit of the Rabgeranylgeranyltransferase protein. This knockdown induced an effect similar to zoledronic acid in cancer cell lines. These data are promising and suggested a potential for zoledronic acid as an anti-cancer agent, through its ablation of the function of Rab proteins.
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Dornier E, Rabas N, Mitchell L, Novo D, Dhayade S, Marco S, Mackay G, Sumpton D, Pallares M, Nixon C, Blyth K, Macpherson IR, Rainero E, Norman JC. Glutaminolysis drives membrane trafficking to promote invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2255. [PMID: 29269878 PMCID: PMC5740148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of glutaminolysis in providing metabolites to support tumour growth is well-established, but the involvement of glutamine metabolism in invasive processes is yet to be elucidated. Here we show that normal mammary epithelial cells consume glutamine, but do not secrete glutamate. Indeed, low levels of extracellular glutamate are necessary to maintain epithelial homoeostasis, and provision of glutamate drives disruption of epithelial morphology and promotes key characteristics of the invasive phenotype such as lumen-filling and basement membrane disruption. By contrast, primary cultures of invasive breast cancer cells convert glutamine to glutamate which is released from the cell through the system Xc- antiporter to activate a metabotropic glutamate receptor. This contributes to the intrinsic aggressiveness of these cells by upregulating Rab27-dependent recycling of the transmembrane matrix metalloprotease, MT1-MMP to promote invasive behaviour leading to basement membrane disruption. These data indicate that acquisition of the ability to release glutamate is a key watershed in disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Dornier
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nicolas Rabas
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Louise Mitchell
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Novo
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sandeep Dhayade
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sergi Marco
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gillian Mackay
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Maria Pallares
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Iain R Macpherson
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Elena Rainero
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Biomedical Science Department, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Jim C Norman
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Molares-Vila A, Carnero-Gregorio M, Corbalán-Rivas A. Recent advances in melanoma research via "omics" platforms. J Proteomics 2017; 188:152-166. [PMID: 29138111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma has a high mortality rate and metastatic melanoma is highly resistant to conventional therapies. "Omics" fields such as proteomics and microRNA and exosome studies have provided new knowledge to complement the information generated by genomic studies. This work aimed to review the current status of biomarker discovery for melanoma through multi-"omics" platforms. A few sets of novel microRNAs and proteins are described, some of them with important implications in suppressing melanoma at different stages. Upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis, immunosuppressive factors, modification of stroma, capture of melanoma cells in lymph nodes and factors responsible for tumour cell recruitment have been identified in exosomes, among molecules with other functions. A remarkable series of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal/mesenchymal-epithelial transitions, inflammation, motility, proliferation and progression processes, centrosome amplification, aneuploidy, inhibition of CD8+ effector T-cells, and metastasis in general were identified. Genomic and protein-protein interactions or metabolome levels were not analysed. Proteomics tools such as Orbitrap shotgun mass spectrometry or deep mining proteomic analysis utilizing high-resolution reversed phase nanoseparation in combination with mass spectrometry are also discussed. The application of these tools together with bioinformatics approaches applied to the clinical setting will enable the implementation of personalized medicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Dermatology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Molares-Vila
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Analytical & Food Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Spain
| | - Miguel Carnero-Gregorio
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Immunology, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Spain
| | - Alberte Corbalán-Rivas
- Nursery Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
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Li X, Wang H, Ni Q, Tang Z, Ni J, Xu L, Huang H, Ni S, Feng J. Effects of silencing Rab27a gene on biological characteristics and chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94481-94492. [PMID: 29212243 PMCID: PMC5706889 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab27a, a member of the Rab protein family, can regulate the tumor microenvironment and promote the development of the tumor. Elevated expression of Rab27a is closely connected with many human cancers containing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But the role of Rab27a in non-small cell lung cancer and its possible mechanism is particularly unclear. In this research, we explored the effect of silencing Rab27a in vitro and in vivo, furnishing evidence that Rab27a could be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC. Compared with corresponding control cells, silencing Rab27a had decreased ability of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and slower growth of xenograft tumors in mice. The expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins were induced with a reduction of anti-apoptotic protein in the NSCLC cells down-regulated Rab27a. Furthermore, Rab27a was associated with resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings suggested that Rab27a might play a critical role in increasing chemosensitivity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Respiratory, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng 224002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinggan Ni
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Dickman CTD, Lawson J, Jabalee J, MacLellan SA, LePard NE, Bennewith KL, Garnis C. Selective extracellular vesicle exclusion of miR-142-3p by oral cancer cells promotes both internal and extracellular malignant phenotypes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15252-15266. [PMID: 28146434 PMCID: PMC5362484 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Packaging of small molecular factors, including miRNAs, into small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) may contribute to malignant phenotypes and facilitate communication between cancer cells and tumor stroma. The process by which some miRNAs are enclosed in SEVs is selective rather than indiscriminate, with selection in part governed by specific miRNA sequences. Herein, we describe the selective packaging and removal via SEVs of four miRNAs (miR-142-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-451a, and miR-223-3p) in a panel of oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of exosome export protein Rab27A increased intracellular concentration of these miRNA candidates and prevented their exclusion via SEVs. Increased intracellular miR-142-3p specifically was found to target TGFBR1, causing a decrease in TGFBR1 expression in donor cells and a reduction of malignant features such as growth and colony formation. Conversely, increased excretion of miR-142-3p via donor cell SEVs and uptake by recipient endothelial cells was found to reduce TGFBR1 activity and cause tumor-promoting changes in these cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T D Dickman
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Lawson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Jabalee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sara A MacLellan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nancy E LePard
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC Canada.,Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Effects of Rab27A and Rab27B on Invasion, Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Chemoresistance in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Pancreas 2017; 46:1173-1179. [PMID: 28902788 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rab family members are key regulatory factors that function as molecular switches in multiple phases of vesicular trafficking. Our previous study demonstrated that Rab27A and Rab27B overexpression may predict a poor outcome of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Rab27A and Rab27B in the progression of pancreatic cancer. METHODS We down-regulated Rab27A and Rab27B expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines. The regulatory effects of knockdown Rab27A and Rab27B on pancreatic cancer cell were measured by cisplatin assay, invasion assay, proliferation assay, and Western blot assay. RESULTS Rab27A and Rab27B down-regulation enhances sensitivity to cisplatin and induces apoptosis in ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cells. In addition, down-regulation of Rab27A reduced the invasive and proliferative ability of ASPC-1 cells, and Rab27B knockdown significantly prevented cancer invasion and proliferation in PANC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that Rab27A and Rab27B play significant roles in cell invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as in chemotherapy resistance.
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38
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Secretory RAB GTPase 3C modulates IL6-STAT3 pathway to promote colon cancer metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:135. [PMID: 28784136 PMCID: PMC5547507 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAB GTPases are important in the regulation of membrane trafficking and cell movement. Recently, exocytic RABs have received increasing attention in cancer research. However, the functional roles of exocytic RABs in colorectal carcinogenesis remain to be elucidated. METHODS Immunohistochemistry analysis of a microarray containing 215 colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was used to identify the association between exocytic RABs and patient prognosis. Complementary functional RAB3C overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed. The molecular mechanism of RAB3C in inducing colon cancer cell metastasis was determined. RESULTS High RAB3C expression in patients was found to be significantly associated with advanced pathological stage, distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Multivariate analyses showed that high RAB3C expression was an independent prognostic marker in overall (P = 0.001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.001). Furthermore, our experimental results showed an increase in the migration and invasion ability of RAB3C-overexpressing colon cancer cells and increased metastatic nodules in a mouse metastasis model. The effect of RAB3C-overexpressing cell-conditioned medium was found to significantly promote the migration ability of parental colon cancer cells, thus suggesting that the promotion of migration is exocytosis dependent. Upregulation of other exocytic RABs was also seen in RAB3C-overexpressing cells. Through microarray and proteomics analyses, increased production of multiple cytokines was observed in RAB3C-overexpressing cell lines, and the IL-6 pathway was the top pathway whose members exhibited gene expression changes after RAB3C overexpression, according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Blocking IL-6 with IL-6 antibody treatment or IL-6 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration potential of RAB3C-overexpressing colon cancer cells. In addition, IL-6 was found to induce STAT3 phosphorylation in RAB3C-overexpressing colon cancer cells, thus promoting migration. Ruxolitinib, a JAK2 inhibitor, was found to significantly inhibit RAB3C-induced colon cancer cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that RAB3C overexpression promotes tumor metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, through modulating the ability of cancer cells to release IL-6 through exocytosis and activate the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. These results further suggest that inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in the RAB3C-IL-6-STAT3 axis by using Ruxolitinib may be a new therapeutic strategy to combat metastatic colon cancers.
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Ramadass M, Catz SD. Molecular mechanisms regulating secretory organelles and endosomes in neutrophils and their implications for inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:249-65. [PMID: 27558339 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of cellular defense against invading microorganisms and modulate the subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. In order to execute a rapid and precise response to infections, neutrophils rely on preformed effector molecules stored in a variety of intracellular granules. Neutrophil granules contain microbicidal factors, the membrane-bound components of the respiratory burst oxidase, membrane-bound adhesion molecules, and receptors that facilitate the execution of all neutrophil functions including adhesion, transmigration, phagocytosis, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The rapid mobilization of intracellular organelles is regulated by vesicular trafficking mechanisms controlled by effector molecules that include small GTPases and their interacting proteins. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries of mechanistic processes that are at center stage of the regulation of neutrophil function, highlighting the discrete and selective pathways controlled by trafficking modulators. In particular, we describe novel pathways controlled by the Rab27a effectors JFC1 and Munc13-4 in the regulation of degranulation, reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular trap production, and endolysosomal signaling. Finally, we discuss the importance of understanding these molecular mechanisms in order to design novel approaches to modulate neutrophil-mediated inflammatory processes in a targeted fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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40
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Feng F, Zhang J, Fan X, Yuan F, Jiang Y, Lv R, Ma Y. Downregulation of Rab27A contributes to metformin-induced suppression of breast cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2947-2953. [PMID: 28928832 PMCID: PMC5588170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, relapse and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms CSCs use to preserve stemness are not yet fully understood. The present study demonstrated that the expression of RAB27A, member RAS oncogene family (Rab27a), which was reported to promote tumor progression by upregulating exocytosis of extracellular vesicles, was higher in mammosphere cells than in adherent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Downregulation of Rab27A inhibited mammosphere formation by decreasing the proportion of CD44+CD24-/low cells of the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Furthermore, Rab27A overexpression redistributed the cell cycle of breast (b) CSCs. The present study revealed that downregulation of Rab27A enhanced the capacity of metformin, the most widely used oral hypoglycemic drug for the treatment of type II diabetes, to inhibit mammosphere growth. Metformin reduced the expression of Rab27A dose-dependently. These data suggested that Rab27A acts as a mediator of human bCSCs by promoting the growth of mammospheres and that synergistic suppression of Rab27A, alone or in combination with metformin, holds promise for therapeutically targeting bCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The XianYang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, The School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
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miR-182-5p improves the viability, mitosis, migration, and invasion ability of human gastric cancer cells by down-regulating RAB27A. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170136. [PMID: 28546229 PMCID: PMC6434084 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of miR-182-5p on the viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of human gastric cells by regulating the expression of RAB27A. Real-time PCR assay was used to detect the expression of miR-182-5 and RAB27A in human gastric carcinoma tissues, para-carcinoma tissues, and different cell lines. Western blotting was also used to determine the RAB27A expression in both tissues and cell lines. We chose the HGC-27 cell line as experiment subject as it demonstrated the highest miR-182-5p level. HGC-27 cells were transfected with different vectors and the cell viability, mitosis, invasion, and migration ability were measured through MTT assay, flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, Transwell assay, and wound healing assay. In comparison with the normal tissues, miR-182-5p is expressed at a higher level in gastric cancer (GC) tissues, while RAB27A is expressed at a lower level in cancerous tissues. The down-regulation of miR-182-5p and up-regulation of RAB27A can significantly decrease the viability, migration, invasion, and mitosis of HGC-27 cells. The target relationship between miR-182-5p and RAb27A was confirmed through a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot assay. miR-182-5p enhances the viability, mitosis, migration, and invasion of human GC cells by down-regulating RAB27A.
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42
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Qin X, Wang J, Wang X, Liu F, Jiang B, Zhang Y. Targeting Rabs as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1139-1147. [PMID: 28390930 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases constitute the largest family of small GTPases. Rabs regulate not only membrane trafficking but also cell signaling, growth and survival, and development. Increasingly, Rabs and their effectors are shown to be overexpressed or subject to loss-of-function mutations in a variety of disease settings, including cancer progression. This review provides an overview of dysregulated Rab proteins in cancer, and highlights the signaling and secretory pathways in which they operate, with the aim of identifying potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Recent progress and perspectives for direct and/or indirect targeting of Rabs are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qin
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jiongyi Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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Roma-Rodrigues C, Pereira F, Alves de Matos AP, Fernandes M, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Smuggling gold nanoparticles across cell types - A new role for exosomes in gene silencing. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1389-1398. [PMID: 28137659 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Once released to the extracellular space, exosomes enable the transfer of proteins, lipids and RNA between different cells, being able to modulate the recipient cells' phenotypes. Members of the Rab small GTP-binding protein family, such as RAB27A, are responsible for the coordination of several steps in vesicle trafficking, including budding, mobility, docking and fusion. The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for gene silencing is considered a cutting-edge technology. Here, AuNPs were functionalized with thiolated oligonucleotides anti-RAB27A (AuNP@PEG@anti-RAB27A) for selective silencing of the gene with a consequent decrease of exosomes´ release by MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Furthermore, communication between tumor and normal cells was observed both in terms of alterations in c-Myc gene expression and transportation of the AuNPs, mediating gene silencing in secondary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisca Pereira
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - António P Alves de Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marta Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Kollmorgen G, Rüger R. The Multiple Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:1-15. [PMID: 28031234 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are important contributors to cell-cell communication and their role as diagnostic markers for cancer and the pathogenesis for cancer is under intensive investigation. Here, we focus on their role in metastasis-related processes. We discuss their impact regarding promotion of invasion and migration of tumor cells, conditioning of lymph nodes, generation of premetastatic niches and organotropism of metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight interactions of exosomes with bone marrow and stromal components such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, myeloid- and other immune-related cells in the context of metastases. For all processes as described above, we outline molecular and cellular components for therapeutic intervention with metastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman La-Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gwen Kollmorgen
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rüger
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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45
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Tumor Microenvironment Modulation via Gold Nanoparticles Targeting Malicious Exosomes: Implications for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010162. [PMID: 28098821 PMCID: PMC5297795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles formed in the endosomal pathway with an important role in paracrine and autocrine cell communication. Exosomes secreted by cancer cells, malicious exosomes, have important roles in tumor microenvironment maturation and cancer progression. The knowledge of the role of exosomes in tumorigenesis prompted a new era in cancer diagnostics and therapy, taking advantage of the use of circulating exosomes as tumor biomarkers due to their stability in body fluids and targeting malignant exosomes’ release and/or uptake to inhibit or delay tumor development. In recent years, nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of a plethora of new diagnostic and therapeutic platforms, fostering theranostics. The unique physical and chemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) make them suitable vehicles to pursuit this goal. AuNPs’ properties such as ease of synthesis with the desired shape and size, high surface:volume ratio, and the possibility of engineering their surface as desired, potentiate AuNPs’ role in nanotheranostics, allowing the use of the same formulation for exosome detection and restraining the effect of malicious exosomes in cancer progression.
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46
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Chung YC, Wei WC, Hung CN, Kuo JF, Hsu CP, Chang KJ, Chao WT. Rab11 collaborates E-cadherin to promote collective cell migration and indicates a poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:1002-1011. [PMID: 27696383 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collective cell migration, whereby the cell-cell contacts such as E-cadherin are maintained during migration, has only recently emerged, and its detailed mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the role of Rab11, which functions in recycling endosomes, and its relationship to E-cadherin in colorectal carcinoma were identified, and the role of Rab11 in the collective cell migration of colon cancer cells was clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 107 patients with surgically resected colorectal carcinoma were enrolled in this immunohistochemical study. Relationships between the overexpression of Rab11 and E-cadherin and survival were evaluated. The cell biology of Rab11 overexpression or knock-down in HT-29 colon cells was studied. RESULTS The expression of Rab11 and E-cadherin was not correlated with the stage of cancer or lymph node metastasis. However, the overall survival was poor in the group of 67 patients with duo-positive Rab11 and E-cadherin expression compared to the group (40 patients) without dual-positive expression (P = 0·038). Rab11 was demonstrated to have a physical interaction with E-cadherin, and overexpression of Rab11 was found to promote collective cell migration through the increased distribution of E-cadherin, which enhanced cell-cell connections. In addition, Rac1 activation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expressions were upregulated upon Rab11 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Rab11 and E-cadherin expressions are indicators of poor survival time in colorectal carcinoma, but that Rab11 overexpression may contribute to increased collective cell invasion in colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Chung-Kang Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Wei
- Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Chung-Kang Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fang Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Chung-Kang Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - King-Jen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Chung-Kang Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chao
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yu J, Wang L, Yang H, Ding D, Zhang L, Wang J, Chen Q, Zou Q, Jin Y, Liu X. Rab14 Suppression Mediated by MiR-320a Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Breast Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:2317-2326. [PMID: 27994670 PMCID: PMC5166543 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that microRNA-320a (miR-320a) was an attractive prognostic biomarker in breast cancer (BC) previously, whereas its regulatory mechanism in BC was not well understood. Our aim was to identify miR-320a target gene, examine the clinical relationship between miR-320a and its target, and further explore the functions of its target in BC. In this study, miR-320a downstream target gene was determined in HEK-293T cells by dual luciferase reporter assay. Then western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess miR-320a target gene expression in fresh frozen (n=19, breast cancer and matched non-malignant adjacent tissue samples) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) (n=130, invasive BC tissues, the same panel detected for miR-320a expression previously) breast tissues, respectively. The results suggested that miR-320a could significantly suppressed Rab14 3'-untranslated region luciferase-reporter activity, and thus Rab14 was first identified as miR-320a target in BC. In 19 matched breast tissues, 12 (63%) breast cancer tissues showed high expression of Rab14 compared with the corresponding normal tissues. Rab14 immunoreactivity was mainly detected in the cytoplasm, 77/130 (59.2%) showed high expression. Furthermore, Rab14 expression was found to be inversely correlated with miR-320a expression in fresh-frozen breast tissues as well as in FFPE invasive breast cancer samples. In addition, Rab14 expression levels were positively related to tumor size (P = 0.034), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.001), histological grade (P = 0.035) and clinical tumor lymph-node metastasis stage (P = 0.001). Patients with higher Rab14 expression showed shorter overall survival time. Moreover, silencing of Rab14 could suppress proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer cell lines. Collectively, our results indicate that miR-320a could target Rab14 and that they could interact biologically in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong 255400, China
| | - Di Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiting Jin
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Kim TK, Choi HK. Validated high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of the inhibitor of cancer cell invasion (E)-N-benzyl-6-[2-(3, 4-dihydroxy benzylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-methylpyridine-3-sulfonamide in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27809343 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a reliable method for the quantitation of (E)-N-benzyl-6-[2-(3, 4-dihydroxy benzylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-methylpyridine-3-sulfonamide (JW-55) in rat plasma was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma samples were deproteinized; sildenafil was used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase C18 column. The mobile phase, 0.02 m ammonium acetate buffer:acetonitrile (48:52, v/v), was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at room temperature, and the column eluent was monitored using an ultraviolet detector at 280 nm. The retention times of JW-55 and sildenafil were ~5.9 and 7.7 min, respectively. The detection limit of JW-55 in rat plasma was 0.03 μg/mL. Pharmacokinetic parameters of JW-55 were evaluated after intravenous and oral administration of JW-55 (10 mg/kg) in rats. After oral administration, the F value was approximately 73.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kon Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jungwon University, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Choi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jungwon University, Korea
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Ramadass M, Johnson JL, Catz SD. Rab27a regulates GM-CSF-dependent priming of neutrophil exocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:693-702. [PMID: 27733578 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ab0416-189rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil secretory proteins are mediators of systemic inflammation in infection, trauma, and cancer. In response to specific inflammatory mediators, neutrophil granules are mobilized and cargo proteins released to modulate the microenvironment of inflammatory sites and tumors. In particular, GM-CSF, a cytokine secreted by several immune, nonimmune, and tumor cells, regulates neutrophil priming and exocytosis. Whereas a comprehensive understanding of this process is necessary to design appropriate anti-inflammatory therapies, the molecular effectors regulating GM-CSF-dependent priming of neutrophil exocytosis are currently unknown. With the use of neutrophils deficient in the small GTPase Rab27a or its effector Munc13-4, we show that although both of these secretory factors control matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) exocytosis in response to GM-CSF, their involvement in exocytosis after GM-CSF priming is very different. Whereas GM-CSF priming-induced exocytosis is abolished in the absence of Rab27a for all secondary stimuli tested, including TLR7, TLR9, and formyl peptide receptor 1 (Fpr1) ligands, cells lacking Munc13-4 showed a significant exocytic response to GM-CSF priming. The mobilization of CD11b was independent of both Rab27a and Munc13-4 in GM-CSF-primed cells unless the cells were stimulated with nucleic acid-sensing TLR ligand, thus highlighting a role for both Rab27a and Munc13-4 in endocytic TLR maturation. Finally, the observation that the absence of Rab27a expression impairs the exocytosis of MMP-9 and MPO under both primed and unprimed conditions suggests that Rab27a is a possible target for intervention in inflammatory processes in which GM-CSF-dependent neutrophil priming is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Linda Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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50
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Peng GL, Tao YL, Wu QN, Zhang Y, He JX. Positive expression of protein chromosome 9 open reading frame 86 (C9orf86) correlated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1449-59. [PMID: 27499931 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.04.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 9 open reading frame 86 (C9orf86) is a novel subfamily of GTPases. Previous studies have implicated C9orf86 as a potential oncogene. METHODS C9orf86 expression was detected in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cell lines by RT-PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect 180 consecutive NSCLC specimens and 16 normal lung tissues. The correlation between C9orf86 expression and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox hazards ratio models were used to estimate the effect of C9orf86 expression on survival. RESULTS C9orf86 was expressed in the cytoplasm in 74 of 180 (41.11%) NSCLC specimens. In clinical pathology analysis, C9orf86 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage significantly (P<0.05). Multivariable analysis confirmed that C9orf86 expression increased the risk of death after adjusting for other clinicopathological factors (P<0.01). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were significantly prolonged in the C9orf86 negative group compared to the C9orf86 positive group (P<0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged OS and DFS in resected NSCLC patients with C9orf86 negative expression (P<0.001) but not C9orf86 positive. CONCLUSIONS Positive expression of C9orf86 is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients, and C9orf86 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lin Peng
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;; Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ya-Lan Tao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi-Nian Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jian-Xing He
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;; Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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