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Mohankumar K, Francis AP, Pajaniradje S, Rajagopalan R. Synthetic curcumin analog: inhibiting the invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in human laryngeal carcinoma cells via NF-kB pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6065-6074. [PMID: 34355287 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal carcinoma, the most common among head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), induces 1% of all cancer deaths. Curcumin the active constituent of turmeric, is shown to be effective in the treatment of various cancers. In the present study, we explored the mechanistic role of bis-demethoxy curcumin analog (BDMC-A) as a chemotherapeutic agent. We investigated its inhibitory effect on invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in human laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) cells in comparison with curcumin. METHODS The effect of curcumin and BDMC-A on transcription factors (NF-κB, p65, c-Jun, c-Fos, STAT3, 5, PPAR-γ, β-catenin, COX-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TIMP-2) involved in signal transduction cascade, invasion, and angiogenesis in Hep-2 cells were quantified using Western blotting and RT-PCR technique. ELISA was used to measure the pro-inflammatory markers in Hep-2 cells treated with curcumin and BDMC-A. RESULTS The results showed that BDMC-A inhibits the transcription factors NF-κB, p65, c-Jun, c-Fos, STAT3, STAT5, PPAR-γ and β-catenin, which are responsible for tumor progression and malignancy. Moreover, BDMC-A treatment downregulated MMP-9, VEGF, TGF- β, IL-6 and IL-8 and upregulated TIMP-2 levels. The effects were more significant compared to curcumin. CONCLUSION Our overall results revealed that BDMC-A more effectively inhibited the markers of invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in comparison with curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Arul Prakash Francis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Sankar Pajaniradje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Rukkumani Rajagopalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Choi H, Chaiyamongkol W, Doolittle AC, Johnson ZI, Gogate SS, Schoepflin ZR, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. COX-2 expression mediated by calcium-TonEBP signaling axis under hyperosmotic conditions serves osmoprotective function in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8969-8981. [PMID: 29700115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs experiences dynamic changes in tissue osmolarity because of diurnal loading of the spine. TonEBP/NFAT5 is a transcription factor that is critical in osmoregulation as well as survival of NP cells in the hyperosmotic milieu. The goal of this study was to investigate whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is osmoresponsive and dependent on TonEBP, and whether it serves an osmoprotective role. NP cells up-regulated COX-2 expression in hyperosmotic media. The induction of COX-2 depended on elevation of intracellular calcium levels and p38 MAPK pathway, but independent of calcineurin signaling as well as MEK/ERK and JNK pathways. Under hyperosmotic conditions, both COX-2 mRNA stability and its proximal promoter activity were increased. The proximal COX-2 promoter (-1840/+123 bp) contained predicted binding sites for TonEBP, AP-1, NF-κB, and C/EBP-β. While COX-2 promoter activity was positively regulated by both AP-1 and NF-κB, AP-1 had no effect and NF-κB negatively regulated COX-2 protein levels under hyperosmotic conditions. On the other hand, TonEBP was necessary for both COX-2 promoter activity and protein up-regulation in response to hyperosmotic stimuli. Ex vivo disc organ culture studies using hypomorphic TonEBP+/- mice confirmed that TonEBP is required for hyperosmotic induction of COX-2. Importantly, the inhibition of COX-2 activity under hyperosmotic conditions resulted in decreased cell viability, suggesting that COX-2 plays a cytoprotective and homeostatic role in NP cells for their adaptation to dynamically loaded hyperosmotic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Choi
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Weera Chaiyamongkol
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Alexandra C Doolittle
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Zariel I Johnson
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Shilpa S Gogate
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Zachary R Schoepflin
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor (PAUF) enhances the accumulation and functional activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51840-51853. [PMID: 27322081 PMCID: PMC5239518 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) with a profound immune infiltrate populated by a significant number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs have been increasingly recognized for their role in immune evasion and cancer progression as well as their potential as a target for immunotherapy. However, not much is known about the mechanisms regulating their behavior and function in the pancreatic TME. Here we report that pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor (PAUF), a soluble protein involved in pancreatic tumorigenesis and metastasis, plays a role as an enhancer of tumor-infiltrating MDSC and its functional activity. We show that PAUF enhanced the accumulation of MDSCs in the spleen and tumor tissues of PAUF-overexpressing tumor cell-injected mice. In addition, PAUF was found to enhance the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs via the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway, which was demonstrated by PAUF-induced increased levels of arginase, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The role of PAUF in modulating the functional properties of MDSCs was further demonstrated by the use of a PAUF-neutralizing antibody that caused a decreased number of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs and reduced MDSC immunosuppressive activity. The observations made in mice were confirmed in human pancreatic cancer patient-derived MDSCs, supporting the clinical relevance of our findings. Collectively, we conclude that the PAUF is a powerful and multifunctional promoter of tumor growth through increase and functional activation of MDSCs, suggesting therapeutic potential for targeting PAUF in pancreatic cancers.
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Chen Z, Krishnamachary B, Penet MF, Bhujwalla ZM. Acid-degradable Dextran as an Image Guided siRNA Carrier for COX-2 Downregulation. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1-12. [PMID: 29290789 PMCID: PMC5743456 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Effective in vivo delivery of siRNA to silence genes is a highly sought-after goal in the treatment of multiple diseases. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a major mediator of inflammation and its effective and specific downregulation has been of major interest to treat conditions ranging from auto-immune diseases to gastric inflammation and cancer. Here we developed a novel and efficient method to produce a multiple imaging reporter labeled cationic dextran nanopolymer with cleavable positive charge groups for COX-2 siRNA delivery. Methods: Small molecules containing amine groups were conjugated to the dextran scaffold through acetal bonds that were cleaved in weak acid conditions. With multiple imaging reporters located on different regions of the nanopolymer, cleavage of acetal bonds was visualized and quantified by imaging, for the first time, in cancer cells and tumors. Results: The biocompatibility of dextran and the rapid cleavage and release of amine groups minimized proinflammatory side effects and COX-2 induction observed with other siRNA carriers, to successfully achieve COX-2 downregulation in cancer cells and tumors. Imaging results confirmed that this nanoplex, consisting of the dextran nanopolymer with COX-2 siRNA, accumulated in tumors, and the amine functional groups were rapidly cleaved in cancer cells and tumors. Along with effective downregulation of COX-2, we also demonstrated, for the first time, effective downregulation of its major product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Conclusions: We successfully developed an efficient method to produce an acid-degradable dextran nanopolymer containing cleavable amine groups as the siRNA carrier. Because of its biocompatibility, this degradable dextran delivered COX-2 siRNA within tumors and efficiently downregulated COX-2 expression.
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Jahandideh F, Chakrabarti S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg white hydrolysate shows insulin mimetic and sensitizing effects in 3T3-F442A pre-adipocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185653. [PMID: 28972997 PMCID: PMC5626431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue is a key mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome, a growing health problem characterized by diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Previous work from our research group has demonstrated the potential of egg white ovotransferrin derived bioactive peptides against hypertension, oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Egg white hydrolysate (EWH) has also shown anti-hypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Given the interplay among hypertension, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome, the objective of the study was to test the EWH on differentiation, insulin signaling and inflammatory responses in 3T3-F442A pre-adipocytes. Our study suggested that EWH could promote adipocyte differentiation as shown by increased lipid accumulation, increased release of adiponectin and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator associated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α). In addition to enhanced insulin effects on the upregulation of protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation, EWH treatment increased extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation to a level similar to that of insulin, indicating insulin sensitizing and mimetic properties of the EWH. EWH further attenuated cytokine induced inflammatory marker; cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) by 48.78%, possibly through the AP-1 pathway by down regulating c-Jun phosphorylation in adipocytes. Given the critical role of adipose in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, EWH may have potential applications in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Li Z, Chang CM, Wang L, Zhang P, Shu HKG. Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction by Amino Acid Deprivation Requires p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Glioma Cells. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:237-247. [PMID: 28333553 PMCID: PMC6300144 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1292517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are malignant brain tumors that can outstrip nutrient supplies due to rapid growth. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been linked to GBMs and may contribute to their aggressive phenotypes. Amino acid starvation results in COX-2 mRNA and protein induction in multiple human glioma cell lines in a process requiring p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) and the Sp1 transcription factor. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression results from starvation-dependent COX-2 induction. These data suggest that COX-2 induction with amino acid deprivation may be a part of the adaptation of glioma cells to these conditions, and potentially alter cellular response to anti-neoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Departments of Anesthesiology First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chi-Ming Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hui-Kuo G. Shu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 Attenuation of Protein Kinase C-Induced Inflammation in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081359. [PMID: 27548147 PMCID: PMC5000754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are two important inflammatory mediators in ovulation. Ghrelin may modulate inflammatory signaling via growth hormone secretagogue receptors. We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2). GHRP-2 attenuated PDD-induced expression of protein and mRNA, the promoter activity of COX-2 and IL-8 genes, and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) and IL-8. GHRP-2 promoted the degradation of PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 proteins with the involvement of proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. PDD-mediated COX-2 production acts via the p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways; PDD-mediated IL-8 production acts via the p38, JNK and ERK pathways. GHRP-2 reduced the PDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter activation and PDD-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and reporter activation. The inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) reduced the inhibitory effect of GHRP-2 on PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 expression. Our findings demonstrate an anti-inflammatory role for ghrelin (GHRP-2) in PKC-mediated inflammation of granulosa cells, at least in part, due to its inhibitory effect on PKC-induced activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB, possibly by targeting to MKP-1 and PP2A.
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Lee JH, Kim JE, Jang YJ, Lee CC, Lim TG, Jung SK, Lee E, Lim SS, Heo YS, Seo SG, Son JE, Kim JR, Lee CY, Lee HJ, Lee KW. Dehydroglyasperin C suppresses TPA-induced cell transformation through direct inhibition of MKK4 and PI3K. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:552-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health; Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14456 USA
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health; Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team; Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Joe Eun Son
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rhan Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14456 USA
- Department of Biochemistry; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah SA
| | - Hyong Joo Lee
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Zuo Z, Cai T, Li J, Zhang D, Yu Y, Huang C. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) up-regulates COX-2 expression through an NFκB/c-Jun/AP-1-dependent pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:547-553. [PMID: 22472290 PMCID: PMC3339461 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is recognized as a human carcinogen via inhalation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Cr(VI) causes cancers are not well understood. OBJECTIVES We evaluated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the signaling pathway leading to this induction due to Cr(VI) exposure in cultured cells. METHODS We used the luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting to determine COX-2 induction by Cr(VI). We used dominant negative mutant, genetic knockout, gene knockdown, and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches to elucidate the signaling pathway leading to COX-2 induction. RESULTS We found that Cr(VI) exposure induced COX-2 expression in both normal human bronchial epithelial cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Deletion of IKKβ [inhibitor of transcription factor NFκB (IκB) kinase β; an upstream kinase responsible for nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation] or overexpression of TAM67 (a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun) dramatically inhibited the COX-2 induction due to Cr(VI), suggesting that both NFκB and c-Jun/AP-1 pathways were required for Cr(VI)-induced COX-2 expression. Our results show that p65 and c-Jun are two major components involved in NFκB and AP-1 activation, respectively. Moreover, our studies suggest crosstalk between NFκB and c-Jun/AP-1 pathways in cellular response to Cr(VI) exposure for COX-2 induction. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that Cr(VI) is able to induce COX-2 expression via an NFκB/c-Jun/AP-1-dependent pathway. Our results provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms linking Cr(VI) exposure to lung inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Zuo
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
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Chen CC, Cheng YY, Chen SC, Tuan YF, Chen YJ, Chen CY, Chen LC. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated by 2-aminobiphenyl in a ROS and MAPK-dependent signaling pathway in a bladder cancer cell line. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:695-705. [PMID: 22288910 DOI: 10.1021/tx2004689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to biphenyl amine compounds, which are found in smoke and azo-dyes, is linked to the occurrence of bladder cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of biphenyl amine compound-induced bladder cancer are still unclear. Many studies have demonstrated that overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in neoplastic lesions is associated with carcinogenesis. In this study, we have demonstrated that 2-aminobiphenyl (2-ABP) up-regulated the expression of COX-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in TSGH-8301 bladder cancer cells. This 2-ABP-induced COX-2 expression was attenuated by ROS scavenger NAC and NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin and DPI. The p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, but not p67, and Nox2 was up-regulated by 2-ABP. Knocking down p22phox by siRNA significantly reduced 2-ABP-induced COX-2 expression. Furthermore, 2-ABP also activated the ERK/JNK-AP1 pathways, and this effect was also abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Blocking the ERK/JNK-AP1 signaling pathways by pharmacological inhibitors attenuated 2-ABP-induced COX-2 expression. Overexpression of the upstream ERK activator MEK1 significantly and consistently increased 2-ABP-mediated COX-2 expression. Transfection of a dominant negative c-Jun mutant, TAM-67, blocked 2-ABP-mediated COX-2 expression, demonstrating that c-Jun was responsible for the transcriptional activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 2-ABP induces the carcinogenic factor COX-2 and that this induction is mediated through NADPH oxidase-derived ROS-dependent JNK/ERK-AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No. 62, Shenjhong Road, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82444, Taiwan
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Cai T, Li X, Ding J, Luo W, Li J, Huang C. A cross-talk between NFAT and NF-κB pathways is crucial for nickel-induced COX-2 expression in Beas-2B cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 11:548-59. [PMID: 21486220 DOI: 10.2174/156800911795656001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a critical enzyme implicated in chronic inflammation-associated cancer development. Our studies have shown that the exposure of Beas-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, to lung carcinogenic nickel compounds results in increased COX-2 expression. However, the signaling pathways leading to nickel-induced COX-2 expression are not well understood. In the current study, we found that the exposure of Beas-2B cells to nickel compounds resulted in the activation of both nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The expression of COX-2 induced upon nickel exposure was inhibited by either a NFAT pharmacological inhibitor or the knockdown of NFAT3 by specific siRNA. We further found that the activation of NFAT and NF-κB was dependent on each other. Since our previous studies have shown that NF-κB activation is critical for nickel-induced COX-2 expression in Beas-2B cells exposed to nickel compounds under same experimental condition, we anticipate that there might be a cross-talk between the activation of NFAT and NF-κB for the COX-2 induction due to nickel exposure in Beas-2B cells. Furthermore, we showed that the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by introduction of mitochondrial catalase inhibited the activation of both NFAT and NF-κB, and the induction of COX-2 due to nickel exposure. Taken together, our results defining the evidence showing a key role of the cross-talk between NFAT and NF-κB pathways in regulating nickel-induced COX-2 expression, further provide insight into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking nickel exposure to its lung carcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Cai
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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Puliyappadamba VT, Cheriyan VT, Thulasidasan AKT, Bava SV, Vinod BS, Prabhu PR, Varghese R, Bevin A, Venugopal S, Anto RJ. Nicotine-induced survival signaling in lung cancer cells is dependent on their p53 status while its down-regulation by curcumin is independent. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:220. [PMID: 20727180 PMCID: PMC2936340 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer and almost 90% of lung cancer is due to cigarette smoking. Even though nicotine, one of the major ingredients of cigarette smoke and the causative agent for addiction, is not a carcinogen by itself, several investigators have shown that nicotine can induce cell proliferation and angiogenesis. We observed that the proliferative index of nicotine is different in the lung cancer cell lines H1299 (p53-/-) and A549 (p53+/+) which indicates that the mode of up-regulation of survival signals by nicotine might be different in cells with and without p53. Results While low concentrations of nicotine induced activation of NF-κB, Akt, Bcl2, MAPKs, AP1 and IAPs in H1299, it failed to induce NF-κB in A549, and compared to H1299, almost 100 times higher concentration of nicotine was required to induce all other survival signals in A549. Transfection of WT-p53 and DN-p53 in H1299 and A549 respectively, reversed the mode of activation of survival signals. Curcumin down-regulated all the survival signals induced by nicotine in both the cells, irrespective of their p53 status. The hypothesis was confirmed when lower concentrations of nicotine induced NF-κB in two more lung cancer cells, Hop-92 and NCI-H522 with mutant p53 status. Silencing of p53 in A549 using siRNA made the cells susceptible to nicotine-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation as in A549 DN-p53 cells. Conclusions The present study reveals a detrimental role of nicotine especially in lung cancer patients with impaired p53 status and identifies curcumin as a potential chemopreventive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineshkumar T Puliyappadamba
- Integrated Cancer Research Program, Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Lu DY, Leung YM, Huang SM, Wong KL. Bradykinin-induced cell migration and COX-2 production mediated by the bradykinin B1 receptor in glioma cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:141-50. [PMID: 20411591 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin is produced and acts at the site of injury and inflammation. Recent reports have also shown that bradykinin selectively modulates blood-tumor barrier permeability. However, the molecular mechanisms and pathologic roles underlying bradykinin-induced glioma migration remain unclear. Glioma is the most common primary adult brain tumor, with a poor prognosis because of the ease with which tumor cells spread to other regions of the brain. In this study, we found that bradykinin increases the cell migration and expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in glioma cells. Bradykinin-mediated migration was attenuated by the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Moreover, increased motility of glioma cells and expression of COX-2 were mimicked by a bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) agonist and markedly inhibited by a B1R antagonist. Bradykinin-mediated migration was attenuated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase)/AKT inhibitors LY 294002 and wortmannin. Bradykinin stimulation also increased the phosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PI-3 kinase and serine 473 of AKT. Treatment of bradykinin with AP-1 inhibitors Tanshinone IIA and curcumin also reduced COX-2 expression and glioma cell migration. Moreover, treatment of bradykinin also induced phosphorylation of c-Jun in glioma cells. AP-1 promoter analysis in the luciferase reporter construct showed that bradykinin increased AP-1 transcription activity and was inhibited by LY 294002 and wortmannin. One mechanism underlying bradykinin-directed migration is transcriptional up-regulation of COX-2 and activation of the B1R receptor, PI-3 kinase, AKT, c-Jun, and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Fang W, Han A, Bi X, Xiong B, Yang W. Tumor inhibition by sodium selenite is associated with activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 and suppression of beta-catenin signaling. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:32-42. [PMID: 19904745 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that an increased intake of dietary selenium significantly reduces overall cancer risk, but the anticancer mechanism of selenium is not clear. In this study, we fed intestinal cancer mouse model. Muc2/p21 double mutant mice with a selenium-enriched (sodium selenite) diet for 12 or 24 weeks, and found that sodium selenite significantly inhibited intestinal tumor formation in these animals (p < 0.01), which was associated with phosphorylation of JNK1 and suppression of beta-catenin and COX2. In vitro studies showed that sodium selenite promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620. These effects were dose- and time course-dependent, and were also linked to an increase of JNK1 phosphorylation and suppression of beta-catenin signaling. Reduced JNK1 expression by small RNA interference abrogated sufficient activation of JNK1 by sodium selenite, leading to reduced inhibition of the beta-catenin signaling, resulting in reduced efficacy of inhibiting cell proliferation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that sodium selenite inhibits intestinal carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro through activating JNK1 and suppressing beta-catenin signaling, a novel anticancer mechanism of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Aggeli IK, Kefaloyianni E, Beis I, Gaitanaki C. HOX-1 and COX-2: Two differentially regulated key mediators of skeletal myoblast tolerance under oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:679-93. [DOI: 10.3109/10715761003742985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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KO-202125, a sauristolactam derivate, induces apoptosis to prevent KB human oral squamous carcinoma cells through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010; 19:23-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e328333d09e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deck LM, Hunsaker LA, Gonzales AM, Orlando RA, Vander Jagt DL. Substituted trans-stilbenes can inhibit or enhance the TPA-induced up-regulation of activator protein-1. BMC Pharmacol 2008; 8:19. [PMID: 19000313 PMCID: PMC2632638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors contributes to regulation of numerous genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. A wide array of stimuli can activate AP-1, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, tumor promoters and stress. Numerous plant polyphenols have been shown to inhibit the activation of AP-1, which often is ascribed to the anti-oxidant properties of these natural products. Methods In the present study, a library of substituted trans-stilbenes, including polyphenols, was screened for activity against the TPA-induced activation of AP-1 using the Panomics AP-1 Reporter 293 Stable Cell Line, which is designed for screening potential inhibitors or activators. Results Several trans-stilbenes were identified that inhibit TPA-induced activation of AP-1, with IC50 values as low as 0.5 μM. Moreover, some other trans-stilbenes were able to enhance the effects of TPA 2 to 3-fold. Many of the trans-stilbenes identified as inhibitors or enhancers are devoid of anti-oxidant properties. Conclusion The ability of trans-stilbenes to inhibit or enhance the effects of TPA does not depend upon their anti-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Deck
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Kundu JK, Hwang DM, Lee JC, Chang EJ, Shin YK, Fujii H, Sun B, Surh YJ. Inhibitory effects of oligonol on phorbol ester-induced tumor promotion and COX-2 expression in mouse skin: NF-kappaB and C/EBP as potential targets. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:86-97. [PMID: 18848748 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and are hence potential candidates for preventing cancer. The present study was aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor promoting activity of oligonol, a formulation of catechin-type oligomers, in mouse skin stimulated with a proto-type tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Pretreatment of mouse skin with oligonol significantly inhibited TPA-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Oligonol diminished nuclear translocation and DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) via blockade of phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaB alpha in TPA-treated mouse skin. Moreover, oligonol suppressed TPA-induced DNA binding of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) in mouse skin. Oligonol pretreatment also attenuated the phosphorylation and/or catalytic activities of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Moreover, p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580, but not the MEK inhibitor U0126, negated TPA-induced DNA binding of C/EBP. In addition, oligonol reduced the incidence and the multiplicity of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and TPA-promoted mouse skin, and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Pretreatment with oligonol diminished the levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and expression of COX-2 in papillomas and carcinomas, respectively, as compared to DMBA plus TPA treatment alone. Taken together, the above findings suggest that oligonol inhibits TPA-induced COX-2 expression by blocking the activation of NF-kappaB and C/EBP via modulation of MAP kinases and suppresses chemically induced mouse skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Kumar Kundu
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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