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Cheng X, Luo J, Cao J. Identification of HOXC Gene Family as Prognostic and Immune-Related Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Through mRNA Transcriptional Profile and Experimental Validation. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10884-5. [PMID: 38995528 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and more effective biomarkers are urgently needed for the prevention and treatment of BC. Our study aimed to investigate the role of the HOXC gene family (HOXCs) and its relationship with the immune response in BC. The differential expression of HOXCs and its clinical prognostic significance in BC were explored using bioinformatics analysis, and the cBioPortal database was used to evaluate the genetic mutation profile of the HOXCs in BC. The results indicated that the expression levels of HOXC4, 10, 11, 12, and 13 were significantly increased in BC tissues compared with the normal tissues, and expressions of these genes were closely associated with BC stage, among them, high expression levels of HOXC10 and HOXC13 predicted poor outcome in BC patients. In addition, to elucidate the essential role of HOXCs in the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapeutic response of BC, the impact of HOXCs on the regulation of immune infiltration in BC was comprehensively assessed. The result showed that HOXC10 and HOXC13 expressions were significantly positively linked with the infiltration levels of CD8+T cell and M1 macrophage, while they were negatively related to Mast and Natural killer cells, suggesting the important influence of HOXCs on regulating tumor immunity in BC patients. Lastly, the RT-qPCR assay was employed to validate HOXCs expression in samples of BC patients. In conclusion, HOXCs may be a promising prognostic indicator and could regulate the immune infiltration in BC patients, thus being a promising targeted immunotherapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongtao Cheng
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianxiong Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mallaredy V, Roy R, Cheng Z, Gurrala CT, Benedict C, Truongcao M, Joladarashi D, Magadum A, Ibetti J, Cimini M, Gonzalez C, Garikipati VNS, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Tipifarnib Reduces Extracellular Vesicles and Protects From Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 135:280-297. [PMID: 38847080 PMCID: PMC11223950 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles, including small extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and their molecular cargo are known to modulate cell-to-cell communication during multiple cardiac diseases. However, the role of systemic extracellular vesicle biogenesis inhibition in HF models is not well documented and remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the role of circulating exosomes during cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in a mouse transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model of HF. Importantly, we investigate the efficacy of tipifarnib, a recently identified exosome biogenesis inhibitor that targets the critical proteins (Rab27a [Ras associated binding protein 27a], nSMase2 [neutral sphingomyelinase 2], and Alix [ALG-2-interacting protein X]) involved in exosome biogenesis for this mouse model of HF. In this study, 10-week-old male mice underwent TAC surgery were randomly assigned to groups with and without tipifarnib treatment (10 mg/kg 3 times/wk) and monitored for 8 weeks, and a comprehensive assessment was conducted through performed echocardiographic, histological, and biochemical studies. RESULTS TAC significantly elevated circulating plasma exosomes and markedly increased cardiac left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Furthermore, injection of plasma exosomes from TAC mice induced left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in uninjured mice without TAC. On the contrary, treatment of tipifarnib in TAC mice reduced circulating exosomes to baseline and remarkably improved left ventricular functions, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Tipifarnib treatment also drastically altered the miRNA profile of circulating post-TAC exosomes, including miR 331-5p, which was highly downregulated both in TAC circulating exosomes and in TAC cardiac tissue. Mechanistically, miR 331-5p is crucial for inhibiting the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by targeting HOXC8, a critical regulator of fibrosis. Tipifarnib treatment in TAC mice upregulated the expression of miR 331-5p that acts as a potent repressor for one of the fibrotic mechanisms mediated by HOXC8. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the pathological role of exosomes in HF and fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Tipifarnib-mediated inhibition of exosome biogenesis and cargo sorting may serve as a viable strategy to prevent progressive cardiac remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mallaredy
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Rajika Roy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Charan Thej Gurrala
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Cindy Benedict
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - May Truongcao
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Maria Cimini
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Raj Kishore
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Culig Z, Puhr M. Androgen Receptor-Interacting Proteins in Prostate Cancer Development and Therapy Resistance. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:324-334. [PMID: 38104650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer is based on the use of drugs that diminish androgen concentration and androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors and is limited by the functional consequences of AR point mutations and increased expression of constitutively active receptors. Many coactivators (>280) interact with different AR regions. Most studies have determined the expression of coactivators and their effects in the presence of increasing concentrations of androgen or the antiandrogen enzalutamide. The p160 group of coactivators (SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3) is highly expressed in prostate cancer and contributes to ligand-dependent activation of the receptor in models that represent therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant cell lines. The transcriptional coactivators p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) are implicated in the regulation of a large number of cellular events, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. AR coactivators also may predict biochemical and clinical recurrence. The AR coactivator expression, which is enhanced in enzalutamide resistance, includes growth regulating estrogen receptor binding 1 (GREB1) and GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2). Several coactivators also activate AR-unrelated signaling pathways, such as those of insulin-like growth factors, which inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells. They are expressed in multiple models of resistance to therapy and can be targeted by various inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. The role of the glucocorticoid receptor in endocrine therapy-resistant prostate cancer has been documented previously. Specific coactivators may interact with the glucocorticoid receptor, thus contributing to therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin Puhr
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wu S, Zhu D, Feng H, Li Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Hou T. Comprehensive analysis of HOXC8 associated with tumor microenvironment characteristics in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21346. [PMID: 37885723 PMCID: PMC10598528 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence have highlighted the essential roles of HOX genes in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. As a member of the HOX gene family, the abnormal expression of HOXC8 gene is associated with the progression and metastasis of various tumors. However, potential roles of HOXC8 in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling remain unclear. Methods We conducted an integrated analysis of clinical and molecular characteristics, relevant oncogenic and immune regulation roles and drug sensitivity features of HOXC8 in CRC. Results HOXC8 expression was markedly high expressed in CRC samples compared to normal samples, and the upregulated expression of HOXC8 was associated with poor prognosis. High HOXC8 expression was significantly associated with invasion-related pathways especially epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro experiments showed significantly up-regulated HOXC8 expression in some CRC cell lines and its promoting effect on EMT and cell proliferation. TME categorization through transcriptomic analysis of CRC patients with high HOXC8 expression identified two different TME subtypes known as immune-enriched with fibrotic subtype and immune-depleted subtype. Patients with immune-enriched, fibrotic subtype exhibited significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS), upregulated PD-L1 and CTLA4 expression and higher TMB than those with the immune-depleted subtype. Conclusions HOXC8 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis and specific TME subtypes in CRC. This study provided valuable resource for further exploring the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of HOX genes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Guangdong Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Guangdong Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huolun Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yafang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (Tongan Branch), The Third Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, 316000, China
| | - Jianlong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tieying Hou
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Guangdong Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Hospital Office, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital/Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518073, China
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Gu H, Zhong Y, Liu J, Shen Q, Wei R, Zhu H, Zhang X, Xia X, Yao M, Ni M. The Role of miR-4256/HOXC8 Signaling Axis in the Gastric Cancer Progression: Evidence From lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:793678. [PMID: 35111675 PMCID: PMC8801578 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.793678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a deadly human malignancy and the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer pathophysiology are very complicated. Thus, further investigations are warranted to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms. With the development of high-throughput screening and bioinformatics, gene expression profiles with large scale have been performed in gastric cancer. In the present study, we mined The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed the gene expression profiles between gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues. A series of differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs between gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues were identified. Based on the differentially expressed genes, we constructed miRNA-mRNA network, lncRNA-mRNA network and transcriptional factors-mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network. Furthermore, the Kaplan survival analysis showed that high expression levels of EVX1, GBX2, GCM1, HOXC8, HOXC9, HOXC10, HOXC11, HOXC12 and HOXC13 were all significantly correlated with shorter overall survival of the patients with gastric cancer. On the other hand, low expression level of HOXA13 was associated with shorter overall survival of patients with gastric cancer. Among these hub genes, we performed the in vitro functional studies of HOXC8 in the gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of HOXC8 and overexpression of miR-4256 both significantly repressed the gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration, and miR-4256 repressed the expression of HOXC8 via targeting its 3' untranslated region in gastric cancer cells. Collectively, our results revealed that a complex interaction networks of differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer, and further functional studies indicated that miR-4256/HOXC8 may be an important axis in regulating gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xunlei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xianxian Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meixin Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Yu M, Yu S, Zhou W, Yi B, Liu Y. HOXC6/8/10/13 predict poor prognosis and associate with immune infiltrations in glioblastoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108293. [PMID: 34763232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by deregulated cell proliferation and immune cells infiltration, is a common and lethal tumor of the central nervous system. Recently, the infiltration of immune cells has attracted attention as a potential novel GBM immunotherapy option. Homeobox C cluster (HOXC) is an evolutionarily conserved family of transcriptional factors that are involved in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the correlations of HOXCs with the prognosis and immune infiltration of GBM remain blurred. METHODS The RNA-seq data with corresponding clinical characteristics were downloaded from TCGA and GTEx databases. The correlations between HOXCs and clinical characteristics were calculated using univariable and multivariate Cox regression. R language with ggplot2, survminer, survival, GSVA, and pROC packages were employed to analyze the data and present the plots. MethSurv, UALCAN and cBioPortal were employed to evaluate the DNA methylation and mutation status of HOXCs in GBM. We also verified the expression and prognosis of HOXCs by qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 36 patients. RESULTS We identified that HOXC6/8/10/13 were crucial biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic judgement in GBM. Gene set variation analysis revealed that levels of expression of HOXCs were associated with the infiltration of various immune cells. The qPCR and immunohistochemistry data validated the prognostic values of HOXC6/8/10/13 in GBM. Finally, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that HOXCs might be involved in DNA-binding transcription activator activity and the apelin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This research highlights that HOXC6/8/10/13 are involved in the immune infiltrates, also provide potential clinical utility as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Gamma Knife Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Pain Management, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Vélot L, Lessard F, Bérubé-Simard FA, Tav C, Neveu B, Teyssier V, Boudaoud I, Dionne U, Lavoie N, Bilodeau S, Pouliot F, Bisson N. Proximity-dependent Mapping of the Androgen Receptor Identifies Kruppel-like Factor 4 as a Functional Partner. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100064. [PMID: 33640491 PMCID: PMC8050775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the third cause of cancer mortality. PCa initiation and growth are driven by the androgen receptor (AR). The AR is activated by androgens such as testosterone and controls prostatic cell proliferation and survival. Here, we report an AR signaling network generated using BioID proximity labeling proteomics in androgen-dependent LAPC4 cells. We identified 31 AR-associated proteins in nonstimulated cells. Strikingly, the AR signaling network increased to 182 and 200 proteins, upon 24 h or 72 h of androgenic stimulation, respectively, for a total of 267 nonredundant AR-associated candidates. Among the latter group, we identified 213 proteins that were not previously reported in databases. Many of these new AR-associated proteins are involved in DNA metabolism, RNA processing, and RNA polymerase II transcription. Moreover, we identified 44 transcription factors, including the Kru¨ppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), which were found interacting in androgen-stimulated cells. Interestingly, KLF4 repressed the well-characterized AR-dependent transcription of the KLK3 (PSA) gene; AR and KLF4 also colocalized genome-wide. Taken together, our data report an expanded high-confidence proximity network for AR, which will be instrumental to further dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying androgen signaling in PCa cells. BioID proteomics identifies 267 androgen receptor (AR)-associated candidates Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a new AR interaction partner AR and KLF4 colocalize genome-wide on >4000 genes, including KLK3 (PSA) KLF4 acts as a repressor for the AR target gene KLK3 (PSA)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Vélot
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Félix-Antoine Bérubé-Simard
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Tav
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Neveu
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valentine Teyssier
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Imène Boudaoud
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ugo Dionne
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noémie Lavoie
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steve Bilodeau
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Jiang X, Jiang Z, Xiang L, Chen X, Wu J, Jiang Z. Identification of a two-gene prognostic model associated with cytolytic activity for colon cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:95. [PMID: 33557848 PMCID: PMC7869500 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has shown that cytolytic activity (CYT) is a new immunotherapy biomarker that characterises the antitumour immune activity of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages. In this study, we established a prognostic model associated with CYT. Methods A prognostic model based on CYT-related genes was developed. Furthermore, aberrant expression of genes of the model in colon cancer (CC) was identified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Next, the correlation between the model and T-cell infiltration in the CC microenvironment was analysed. The Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm and subclass mapping were used to predict clinical responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results In total, 280 of the 1418 genes were differentially expressed based on CYT. A prognostic model (including HOXC8 and MS4A2) was developed based on CYT-related genes. The model was validated using the testing set, the whole set and a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort (GSE41258). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and other analyses showed that the levels of immune infiltration and antitumour immune activation in low-risk-score tumours were greater than those in high-risk-score tumours. CC patients with a low-risk-score showed more promise in the response to anti-immune checkpoint therapy. Conclusions Overall, our model may precisely predict the overall survival of CC and reflect the strength of antitumour immune activity in the CC microenvironment. Furthermore, the model may be a predictive factor for the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Jiang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhongxiang Jiang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lichun Xiang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuenuo Chen
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Lin J, Zhu H, Hong L, Tang W, Wang J, Hu H, Wu X, Chen Y, Liu G, Yang Q, Li J, Wang Y, Lin Z, Xiao Y, Dai W, Huang M, Li G, Li A, Wang J, Xiang L, Liu S. Coexpression of HOXA6 and PBX2 promotes metastasis in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6606-6624. [PMID: 33535170 PMCID: PMC7993744 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
HOXA6 gene plays a role of the oncogene in various cancers. Nonetheless, its effect on gastric cancer (GC) occurrence and development is still unclear. We analysed whether HOXA6 interacts with the PBX2 protein using the STRING database. The molecular mechanism by which HOXA6 synergizes with PBX2 in GC metastasis is not fully understood. Here, we found that the expression of HOXA6 was increased in GC tissues and cell lines. The upregulation of HOXA6 was closely associated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis, AJCC stage, TNM stage, and poor survival outcome in GC patients based on tissue microarray (TMA) data. Moreover, the overexpression of HOXA6 promoted, whereas siRNA-mediated repression of HOXA6 inhibited, the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Furthermore, HOXA6 could physically interact with and stabilize PBX2. In addition, HOXA6 and PBX2 expression was positively correlated in GC cells and tissue. HOXA6 and PBX2 suppression in GC cells also led to decreased migration and invasion potential in vitro. In vivo, HOXA6 was shown to cooperate with PBX2 to enhance cell metastasis via orthotopic implantation. These data indicate that HOXA6 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and that the HOXA6-PBX2 axis may be a useful biomarker for disease progression in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linjie Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weimei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongsong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guangnan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yusi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhizhao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiyu Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Miaojvan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
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10
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Arnold A, Imada EL, Zhang ML, Edward DP, Marchionni L, Rodriguez FJ. Differential gene methylation and expression of HOX transcription factor family in orbitofacial neurofibroma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:62. [PMID: 32366326 PMCID: PMC7197183 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most commonly benign, neurofibromas (NFs) can have devastating functional and cosmetic effects in addition to the possibility of malignant transformation. In orbitofacial neurofibromatosis type 1, NFs may cause progressive, disfiguring tumors of the lid, brow, temple, face and orbit. The purpose of this study was to identify biological differences between orbitofacial NFs and those occurring at other anatomic sites. We used Illumina Methylation EPIC BeadChip to study DNA methylation differences between orbitofacial NFs (N = 20) and NFs at other sites (N = 4). Global methylation differences were detected between the two groups and the top differentially methylated genes were part of the HOX (Homebox) family of transcription factors (HOXC8, HOXC4, HOXC6, HOXA6 and HOXD4), which were hypomethylated in orbitofacial NFs compared to the non-orbital NFs. Conversely, LTF (lactoferrin) was relatively hypermethylated in orbitofacial NF compared to non-orbitofacial NF. HOXC8 protein levels were higher in orbitofacial plexiform NFs (p = 0.04). We found no significant differences in the expression of HOXC4, HOXA6, or HOXD4 between the two groups. HOXC8 mRNA levels were also higher in orbitofacial NFs and HOXC8 overexpression in a non-neoplastic human Schwann cell line resulted in increased growth. In summary, we identified gene methylation and expression differences between orbitofacial NF and NFs occurring at other locations. Further investigation may be warranted, given that the HOX family of genes play an important role during development, are dysregulated in a variety of cancers, and may provide novel insights into therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Arnold
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddie Luidy Imada
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (MD), USA
| | - M Lisa Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak P Edward
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (MD), USA
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (MD), USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (MD), USA.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Room M2101, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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11
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Liu M, Xiao Y, Tang W, Li J, Hong L, Dai W, Zhang W, Peng Y, Wu X, Wang J, Chen Y, Bai Y, Lin J, Yang Q, Wang Y, Lin Z, Liu S, Xiong J, Wang J, Xiang L. HOXD9 promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3932-3943. [PMID: 32281284 PMCID: PMC7286477 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HOXD9, a Hox family member, is involved in cancer growth and metastasis. But, its regulation mechanism at the molecular level particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), is mostly unknown. Methods The HOXD9 protein expression levels were analyzed using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, and western blot. The in vivo and in vitro roles of HOXD9 in CRC were determined using colony formation and EdU incorporation, CCK‐8, wound scratch and transwell invasion assay, and animal models. Results Expression of HOXD9 was higher in CRC than in matched healthy tissues. High expression of HOXD9 has significantly associated with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and other serious invasions, and it had a poor prognosis. In vitro, HOXD9 encouraged proliferation, movement and EMT processes in cells of CRC. Also, TGF‐β1 promoted the expression of HOXD9 and this effect was dependent on the dose and downregulation of HOXD9 repressed TGF‐β1 ‐induced EMT. In vivo, HOXD9 promoted the invasive and metastasis of CRC cells via orthotopic implantation. Conclusions The ectopic expression of HOXD9 promoted the invasion metastasis in cells of the colorectal tumor by induction of EMT in vitro and vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First people's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjiao Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District Peopl, Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yusi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District Peopl, Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District Peopl, Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District Peopl, Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Tan L, Xu Q, Wang Q, Shi R, Zhang G. Identification of key genes and pathways affected in epicardial adipose tissue from patients with coronary artery disease by integrated bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8763. [PMID: 32257639 PMCID: PMC7102503 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common disease with high cost and mortality. Here, we studied the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from patients with CAD to explore the possible pathways and mechanisms through which EAT participates in the CAD pathological process. Methods Microarray data for EAT and SAT were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including three separate expression datasets: GSE24425, GSE64554 and GSE120774. The DEGs between EAT samples and SAT control samples were screened out using the limma package in the R language. Next, we conducted bioinformatic analysis of gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways to discover the enriched gene sets and pathways associated with DEGs. Simultaneously, gene set enrichment analysis was carried out to discover enriched gene functions and pathways from all expression data rather than DEGs. The PPI network was constructed to reveal the possible protein interactions consistent with CAD. Mcode and Cytohubba in Cytoscape revealed the possible key CAD genes. In the next step, the corresponding predicted microRNAs (miRNAs) were analysed using miRNA Data Integration Portal. RT-PCR was used to validate the bioinformatic results. Results The three datasets had a total of 89 DEGs (FC log2 > 1 and P value < 0.05). By comparing EAT and SAT, ten common key genes (HOXA5, HOXB5, HOXC6, HOXC8, HOXB7, COL1A1, CCND1, CCL2, HP and TWIST1) were identified. In enrichment analysis, pro-inflammatory and immunological genes and pathways were up-regulated. This could help elucidate the molecular expression mechanism underlying the involvement of EAT in CAD development. Several miRNAs were predicted to regulate these DEGs. In particular, hsa-miR-196a-5p and hsa-miR-196b-5p may be more reliably associated with CAD. Finally, RT-PCR validated the significant difference of OXA5, HOXC6, HOXC8, HOXB7, COL1A1, CCL2 between EAT and SAT (P value < 0.05). Conclusions Between EAT and SAT in CAD patients, a total of 89 DEGs, and 10 key genes, including HOXA5, HOXB5, HOXC6, HOXC8, HOXB7, COL1A1, CCND1, CCL2, HP and TWIST1, and miRNAs hsa-miR-196a-5p and hsa-miR-196b-5p were predicted to play essential roles in CAD pathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory and immunological pathways could act as key EAT regulators by participating in the CAD pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianchen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Lempiäinen JK, Manjur ABMK, Malinen M, Ketola K, Niskanen EA, Palvimo JJ. BCOR-coupled H2A monoubiquitination represses a subset of androgen receptor target genes regulating prostate cancer proliferation. Oncogene 2020; 39:2391-2407. [PMID: 31925334 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have identified BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) as a hormone-dependent interaction partner of androgen receptor (AR), a key transcription factor in the development of normal and cancerous prostate. BCOR is often mutated in cancers and hematological diseases and as a component of a non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (ncPRC1.1) required for arranging many facets of cellular differentiation. However, its role in androgen signaling or prostate cancer cells remains unknown. Here, our genome-wide analyses reveal that BCOR is recruited in an androgen-dependent fashion to majority of AR-binding chromatin sites in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Interestingly, depletion of BCOR has a significant effect on the expression of androgen-repressed genes linked to regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and development. At many of these genes, such as HOX genes, the depletion leads to a decrease in H2A K119 monoubiquitination and an increase in mRNA expression. Consistently, BCOR depletion impairs the proliferation and viability of CRPC cells, inducing their apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicate a key role for the BCOR-ncPRC1.1 complex in the corepression of an important subset of AR target genes and the regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjo Malinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Ketola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Einari A Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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14
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Gong C, Zou J, Zhang M, Zhang J, Xu S, Zhu S, Yang M, Li D, Wang Y, Shi J, Li Y. Upregulation of MGP by HOXC8 promotes the proliferation, migration, and EMT processes of triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1863-1875. [PMID: 31264274 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype which accounts for 15%-20% of all breast cancer cases. The management of TNBC has remained a challenge due to its lack of targeted therapy. Previously, we reported that homeobox C8 (HOXC8) was involved in metastasis and migration of breast cancer cells. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, we found that HOXC8 functioned as a transcription factor to activate the transcription of matrix Gla protein (MGP) gene, leading to an increase in the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and migration of TNBC cells. We further demonstrated that MGP expression promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of TNBC cells, but not the other subtypes of breast cancer, suggesting that MGP induced EMT to promote proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Moreover, we found that MGP was upregulated in clinical breast specimens compared to normal breast tissues and high MGP expression was statistically associated with poor, relapse-free survival for TNBC patients, indicating that MGP is probably a novel biomarker or therapeutic target for TNBC patients. Together, our results showed that the HOXC8-MGP axis played an important role in the tumorigenesis of TNBC and might be a promising therapeutic target for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Jin Zou
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Dongjia Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Jialu Shi
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Yong Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui
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15
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Zhang J, Yang M, Li D, Zhu S, Zou J, Xu S, Wang Y, Shi J, Li Y. Homeobox C8 is a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105557. [PMID: 31202850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor progression. Because previous findings suggested that homeobox C8 (HOXC8) promotes EMT in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated whether E-cadherin is a target of HOXC8 protein. In this study, we report that HOXC8 binds to the E-cadherin promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate E-cadherin transcription in NSCLC. We further show that loss of E-cadherin leads to an increase in anchorage-independent growth and migration of NSCLC cells, and the inhibitory effects mediated by HOXC8 knockdown can be largely rescued by reduction of E-cadherin expression, suggesting that the HOXC8-E-cadherin pathway is involved in lung cancer progression. Moreover, analysis of E-cadherin and HOXC8 expression indicates that expression of HOXC8 is strongly correlated with loss of E-cadherin expression, and high HOXC8 / low E-cadherin expression is significantly correlated with poor survival for lung cancer patients. Taken together, these data indicate that E-cadherin is a target gene of HOXC8 and that the loss of E-cadherin promotes the growth and migration of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Dongjia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Jin Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Jialu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
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16
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Li L, Zhang X, Liu Q, Yin H, Diao Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Gao Y, Ren X, Li J, Cui D, Lu Y, Liu H. Emerging role of HOX genes and their related long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 139:1-6. [PMID: 31112877 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor homeobox (Hox) proteins are the master regulator for the embryonic development. Studies have identified new functions for HOX in the regulation of metabolism and other primary cellular processes in humans. Their dysregulation has been observed in a variety of cancers and accumulating evidence has revealed the crucial role of HOX in cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. HOX-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) became the most attracting lncRNAs recently that play critical role in gene regulation and chromatin dynamics in cancers. In this review, we explore the roles of HOX and their related lncRNAs in lung cancer, indicating HOX genes as potential therapeutic targets in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China; School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Yin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yutao Diao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Ren
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
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17
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Huang Y, Chen L, Guo A. Upregulated expression of HOXC8 is associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7291-7296. [PMID: 29725445 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox C8 (HOXC8) is a transcription factor that has been reported to regulate numerous genes associated with tumor progression. However, its function in cervical cancer (CC) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression level of HOXC8 was examined in CC tissues and cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Additionally, CC cell lines were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to downregulate the expression of HOX8 and assess cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8. The results demonstrated a significantly increased expression of HOXC8 in CC tissues and cell lines compared with non-tumor tissues, and a normal cervical cell line, respectively. Additionally, the downregulation of HOXC8, which was achieved by siRNA transfection, significantly inhibited the proliferation rate of CC cell lines. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the increased expression of HOXC8 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with CC. Additionally, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that HOXC8 was a significant and independent predictor for overall survival of patients with CC. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that HOXC8 may be involved in the progression of CC and may serve as a therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Aqin Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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Liu H, Zhang M, Xu S, Zhang J, Zou J, Yang C, Zhang Y, Gong C, Kai Y, Li Y. HOXC8 promotes proliferation and migration through transcriptional up-regulation of TGFβ1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:1. [PMID: 29367650 PMCID: PMC5833702 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) genes encode a family of transcription factors, which play crucial roles in numerous processes, and their dysregulation is involved in the carcinogenesis of many human cancers. In the present study, we investigated the roles of HOXC8 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We showed that HOXC8 was upregulated in clinical NSCLC specimens compared to normal lung tissues, and the high expression of HOXC8 correlated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor status, lymph nodal status and poor relapse-free survival for lung cancer patients. Functionally, HOXC8 expression significantly promoted the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and migration of NSCLC, and HOXC8 functioned as a transcription activator to induce the expression of TGFβ1, leading to an increase in the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and migration of NSCLC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HOXC8 expression was associated with chemoresistance and anti-apoptosis in NSCLC, suggesting that HOXC8 is a promising therapeutic target for chemosensitization of NSCLC to cisplatin. Altogether, our study defined a critical role of HOXC8 in promoting transcription of TGFβ1 and NSCLC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chen Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuanzhong Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 and HOXC8 co-activate cadherin 11 transcription to promote breast cancer cells proliferation and migration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107477-107491. [PMID: 29296180 PMCID: PMC5746082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin 11 (CDH11) expression is detected only in invasive breast cancer cells and aggressive breast cancer specimens. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of CDH11 transcriptional regulation. Here, we report that interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) interacts with Homeobox C8 (HOXC8) to activate CDH11 transcription in breast cancer cells. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, ILF3 is shown to interact with HOXC8 in breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that ILF3 binds to the CDH11 promoter on nucleotides –2982 ~ –2978 and –2602 ~ 2598 and interacts with HOXC8 to co-activate CDH11 transcription. We further show that ILF3 promotes proliferation and migration, at least partially, by facilitating CDH11 expression in breast cancer cells. Moreover, immunohistochemistry (IHC) shows that expression of CDH11, ILF3 and HOXC8 are all upregulated in breast cancer specimens compared to normal breast tissues. Importantly, the expression levels of CDH11, ILF3 and HOXC8 are elevated in the advanced stages of breast cancer, and high expression of CDH11, ILF3 and HOXC8 is associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) for breast cancer patients.
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20
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Lu S, Liu R, Su M, Wei Y, Yang S, He S, Wang X, Qiang F, Chen C, Zhao S, Qian L, Shao M, Mao G. Overexpression of HOXC8 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:944-54. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115625845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingze Wei
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fulin Qiang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengting Shao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Han Y, Lu S, Wen YG, Yu FD, Zhu XW, Qiu GQ, Tang HM, Peng ZH, Zhou CZ. Overexpression of HOXA10 promotes gastric cancer cells proliferation and HOXA10(+)/CD44(+) is potential prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:642-52. [PMID: 26552644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant cancer with poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the roles of homeobox A10 (HOXA10) in GC and the correlations between HOXA10/CD44 expression and GC prognosis. Based on qRT-PCR and Western Blot analyses in 50 pairs of fresh GC samples and adjacent normal samples, it is identified that HOXA10 was significantly up-regulated in GC tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were enhanced in GC cells with overexpressed HOXA10, while inhibited in cells with silenced HOXA10. Through IPA software, HOXA10 was predicted to interact with CD44 via MSN, which was preliminarily confirmed by using Western Blot. Through immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray (N=264), it is found that HOXA10 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.011) and CD44 expression (P<0.001), while CD44 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P<0.001), depth of tumor invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P=0.001), UICC stage (P<0.001), histological differentiation (P<0.001), and HOXA10 expression (P<0.001). Additionally, the over-all survival and disease-free survival of HOXA10(+)/CD44(+) patients were dramatically decreased in comparison with that of HOXA10(+)/CD44(-), HOXA10(-)/CD44(+), or HOXA10(-)/CD44(-) patients (P<0.001), suggesting that the combinatory expression of HOXA10 and CD44 was correlated with poor GC prognosis. In conclusion, HOXA10 and CD44 might play roles in GC tumorigenesis, metastasis, and invasion. HOXA10(+)/CD44(+) expression might serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC, which needs more studies to validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Yu-Gang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Fu-Dong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Xing-Wu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Hua-Mei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China.
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22
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Xu P, Zhang X, Ni W, Fan H, Xu J, Chen Y, Zhu J, Gu X, Yang L, Ni R, Chen B, Shi W. Upregulated HOXC8 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Oxaliplatin Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:3351-63. [PMID: 26123838 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is indispensable to understanding molecular mechanisms of HCC progression and to developing clinically useful biomarkers for this disease. AIM In this article, we examined whether HOXC8 was associated with the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and explored the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS The HOXC8 and Ki67 expression levels in 86 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were examined using immunohistochemistry. HOXC8 levels in HCC cells were downregulated by siRNA transfection. The cycle progression and cell proliferation status of HCC cells and the oxaliplatin effectiveness were evaluated by flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay. HOXC8, CyclinD1, PCNA, Nkd2, and cleaved caspase-3 levels were detected by western blot. RESULTS HOXC8 was upregulated in HCC tissues, compared with adjacent non-tumor ones. HOXC8 expression levels in 86 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were positively correlated with histological grade. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis revealed that HOXC8 was a significant predictor for overall survival of HCC patients. HOXC8 siRNA knockdown delayed the G1-S phase transition, inhibited cell proliferation, and attenuated resistance to oxaliplatin. CONCLUSIONS HOXC8 promoted HCC proliferation and predicted poor prognosis. Furthermore, upregulated HOXC8 expression was associated with oxaliplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Peoples Hospital of Nan Tong, 43 Tangzha Xinglong Road, Nantong, 226002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Peoples Hospital of Nan Tong, 43 Tangzha Xinglong Road, Nantong, 226002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Peoples Hospital of Nan Tong, 43 Tangzha Xinglong Road, Nantong, 226002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Peoples Hospital of Nan Tong, 43 Tangzha Xinglong Road, Nantong, 226002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Information and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 9 Qiangyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Information and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 9 Qiangyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Information and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 9 Qiangyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Buyou Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Peoples Hospital of Nan Tong, 43 Tangzha Xinglong Road, Nantong, 226002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Ali A, Creevey L, Hao Y, McCartan D, O'Gaora P, Hill A, Young L, McIlroy M. Prosaposin activates the androgen receptor and potentiates resistance to endocrine treatment in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:123. [PMID: 26341737 PMCID: PMC4560928 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HOX genes play vital roles in growth and development, however, atypical redeployment of these genes is often associated with steroidal adaptability in endocrine cancers. We previously identified HOXC11 to be an indicator of poor response to hormonal therapy in breast cancer. In this study we aimed to elucidate genes regulated by HOXC11 in the endocrine resistant setting. Methods RNA-sequencing paired with transcription factor motif-mapping was utilised to identify putative HOXC11 target genes in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Validation and functional evaluation of the target gene, prosaposin (PSAP), was performed in a panel of endocrine sensitive and resistant breast cancer cell lines. The clinical significance of this finding was explored in clinical cohorts at both mRNA and protein level. Results PSAP was shown to be regulated by HOXC11 in both tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistant cell lines. Transcript levels of HOXC11 and PSAP correlated strongly in samples of primary breast tumours (r = 0.7692, n = 51). PSAP has previously been reported to activate androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells. In a panel of breast cancer cell lines it was shown that endocrine resistant cells exhibit innately elevated levels of AR compared to their endocrine sensitive counterparts. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation with PSAP can drive AR recruitment to a hormone response element (HRE) in AI resistant breast cancer cells. Functionally, PSAP promotes cell migration and invasion only in AI resistant cells and not in their endocrine sensitive counterparts. In a cohort of breast cancer patients (n = 34), elevated serum levels of PSAP were found to associate significantly with poor response to endocrine treatment (p = 0.04). Meta-analysis of combined PSAP and AR mRNA are indicative of poor disease-free survival in endocrine treated breast cancer patients (hazard ratio (HR): 2.2, P = 0.0003, n = 661). Conclusion The HOXC11 target gene, PSAP, is an AR activator which facilitates adaptation to a more invasive phenotype in vitro. These findings have particular relevance to the development of resistance to AI therapy which is an emerging clinical issue. PSAP is a secreted biomarker which has potential in identifying patients failing to exhibit sustained response to hormonal treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0636-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlena Ali
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Laura Creevey
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Yuan Hao
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Damian McCartan
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Peadar O'Gaora
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Arnold Hill
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Leonie Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Marie McIlroy
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Li Y, Chao F, Huang B, Liu D, Kim J, Huang S. HOXC8 promotes breast tumorigenesis by transcriptionally facilitating cadherin-11 expression. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2596-607. [PMID: 24810778 PMCID: PMC4058030 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion molecule cadherin-11(CDH11) is preferentially expressed in basal-like breast cancer cells and facilitates breast cancer cell migration by promoting small GTPase Rac activity. However, how the expression of CDH11 is regulated in breast cancer cells is not understood. Here, we show that CDH11 is transcriptionally controlled by homeobox C8 (HOXC8) in human breast cancer cells. HOXC8 serves as a CDH11-specific transcription factor and binds to the site of nucleotides −196 to −191 in the CDH11 promoter. Depletion of HOXC8 leads to the decrease in anchorage-independent cell growth, cell migration/invasion and spontaneous metastasis of breast cancer cells; however, suppressed tumorigenic events were fully rescued by ectopic CDH11 expression in HOXC8-knockdown cells. These results indicate that HOXC8 impacts breast tumorigenesis through CDH11. The analysis of publically available human breast tumor microarray gene expression database demonstrates a strong positive linear association between HOXC8 and CDH11 expression (ρ = 0.801, p < 0.001). Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test) shows that both high HOXC8 and CDH11 expression correlate with poor recurrence-free survival rate of patients. Together, our study suggests that HOXC8 promotes breast tumorigenesis by maintaining high level of CDH11 expression in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Bhatlekar S, Fields JZ, Boman BM. HOX genes and their role in the development of human cancers. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:811-23. [PMID: 24996520 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize published findings on the involvement of HOX genes in oncogenesis. HOX genes are developmental genes--they code for proteins that function as critical master regulatory transcription factors during embryogenesis. Many reports have shown that the protein products of HOX genes also play key roles in the development of cancers. Based on our review of the literature, we found that the expression of HOX genes is not only up- or downregulated in most solid tumors but also that the expression of specific HOX genes in cancers tends to differ based on tissue type and tumor site. It was also observed that HOXC family gene expression is upregulated in most solid tumor types, including colon, lung, and prostate cancer. The two HOX genes that were reported to be most commonly altered in solid tumors were HOXA9 and HOXB13. HOXA were often reported to have altered expression in breast and ovarian cancers, HOXB genes in colon cancers, HOXC genes in prostate and lung cancers, and HOXD genes in colon and breast cancers. It was found that HOX genes are also regulated at the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport level in carcinomas. Tumors arising from tissue having similar embryonic origin (endodermal), including colon, prostate, and lung, showed relatively similar HOXA and HOXB family gene expression patterns compared to breast tumors arising from mammary tissue, which originates from the ectoderm. The differential expression of HOX genes in various solid tumors thus provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of cancer development and to develop new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhatlekar
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Delaware, 4701 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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26
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Ribarska T, Goering W, Droop J, Bastian KM, Ingenwerth M, Schulz WA. Deregulation of an imprinted gene network in prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2014; 9:704-17. [PMID: 24513574 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple epigenetic alterations contribute to prostate cancer progression by deregulating gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially differential DNA methylation at imprinting control regions (termed DMRs), normally ensure the exclusive expression of imprinted genes from one specific parental allele. We therefore wondered to which extent imprinted genes become deregulated in prostate cancer and, if so, whether deregulation is due to altered DNA methylation at DMRs. Therefore, we selected presumptive deregulated imprinted genes from a previously conducted in silico analysis and from the literature and analyzed their expression in prostate cancer tissues by qRT-PCR. We found significantly diminished expression of PLAGL1/ZAC1, MEG3, NDN, CDKN1C, IGF2, and H19, while LIT1 was significantly overexpressed. The PPP1R9A gene, which is imprinted in selected tissues only, was strongly overexpressed, but was expressed biallelically in benign and cancerous prostatic tissues. Expression of many of these genes was strongly correlated, suggesting co-regulation, as in an imprinted gene network (IGN) reported in mice. Deregulation of the network genes also correlated with EZH2 and HOXC6 overexpression. Pyrosequencing analysis of all relevant DMRs revealed generally stable DNA methylation between benign and cancerous prostatic tissues, but frequent hypo- and hyper-methylation was observed at the H19 DMR in both benign and cancerous tissues. Re-expression of the ZAC1 transcription factor induced H19, CDKN1C and IGF2, supporting its function as a nodal regulator of the IGN. Our results indicate that a group of imprinted genes are coordinately deregulated in prostate cancers, independently of DNA methylation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Ribarska
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Goering
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Droop
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marc Ingenwerth
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Anatomy II; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Du YB, Dong B, Shen LY, Yan WP, Dai L, Xiong HC, Liang Z, Kang XZ, Qin B, Chen KN. The survival predictive significance of HOXC6 and HOXC8 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Res 2014; 188:442-50. [PMID: 24525058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a common disease in China, is mainly treated surgically. We established a prospective database of patients with esophageal cancer between January 2000 and December 2010, including 486 subjects with ESCC who underwent surgical treatment. In this study, we explored the prognostic significance of the expressions of HOXC6 and HOXC8, responsible for embryonic development, by studying the specimens collected from clinical subjects during strict follow-up periods. MATERIALS & METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of HOXC6 and HOXC8 in 274 ESCC subjects including 138 ESCC subjects treated with surgery alone and 136 ESCC subjects treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Survival analysis was performed from the day of surgery to August 2013. RESULTS The 5-y survival rate of the 274 ESCC subjects was 44.2%, with a median survival time of 44.12 mo. For the 274 ESCC subjects involved in the investigation of HOXC6 and HOXC8 expressions, the median survival time of subjects with high-level expressions of HOXC6 and HOXC8 was shorter than that for subjects with low-level expressions (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were obtained from the analysis of the prognostic value of HOXC6 and HOXC8 in the group treated with surgery alone and the group treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HOXC6 and HOXC8 expressions were independent prognostic factors in patients with ESCC. CONCLUSIONS The HOXC6 and HOXC8 genes can be used as prognostic markers in patients with ESCC, but prospective studies are still needed to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Bing Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yan Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Pu Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chao Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Neng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Culig Z, Santer FR. Molecular aspects of androgenic signaling and possible targets for therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer. Steroids 2013; 78:851-9. [PMID: 23643785 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The androgen axis is of crucial importance in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for non-organ-confined prostate cancer. Recent studies revealed that tumor cells have the ability to synthesize androgenic hormones in an intracrine manner. This recognition opened the way for the development of a novel drug, abiraterone acetate, which shows benefits in clinical trials. A novel anti-androgen enzalutamide that inhibits androgen receptor (AR) nuclear translocation has also been developed and tested in the clinic. AR coactivators exert specific cellular regulatory functions, however it is difficult to improve the treatment because of a large number of coregulators overexpressed in prostate cancer. AR itself is a target of several miRNAs which may cause its increased degradation, inhibition of proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Truncated AR occur in prostate cancer as a consequence of alternative splicing. They exhibit ligand-independent transcriptional activity. Although there has been an improvement of endocrine therapy in prostate cancer, increased intracrine ligand synthesis and appearance of variant receptors may facilitate the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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29
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Han Y, Tu WW, Wen YG, Li DP, Qiu GQ, Tang HM, Peng ZH, Zhou CZ. Identification and validation that up-expression of HOXA13 is a novel independent prognostic marker of a worse outcome in gastric cancer based on immunohistochemistry. Med Oncol 2013; 30:564. [PMID: 23592225 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) gene family is known to be classic examples of the intimate relationship between embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, less is known about the involvement of HOX gene family with gastric cancerogenesis. Here, we screened the expression of HOX gene family in gastric cancers and explored the relationships between them by cDNA microarray. We found several differentially expressed HOX genes in gastric cancers, especially HOXA10 (11/12) and HOXA13 (11/12) with significantly higher expression in the cancerous tissues. Furthermore, we validated HOXA13 as a novel prognostic marker in gastric cancer based on immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis. HOXA13 expression was significantly up-regulated in cancerous tissues compared with the corresponding non-cancerous mucosa (P < 0.001). Up-expression of HOXA13 was significantly correlated with T stage (P = 0.002), M stage (P = 0.024), advanced UICC stage (P < 0.001), histological differentiation (P = 0.005), and relapse (P = 0.001). Patients with positive HOXA13 expression had a obviously lower overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rate than patients with negative HOXA13 expression (HR 3.331, 95 % CI 1.722-6.442, P < 0.001; HR 3.289, 95 % CI 1.703-6.351, P < 0.001, respectively). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that HOXA13 could serve as a significant independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. Therefore, our results indicated that several HOX genes might be closely involved in the process of the gastric tumorigenesis. Furthermore, up-expression of HOXA13 might be associated with highly aggressive phenotype of gastric cancer. HOXA13 was a significant independent prognostic factor and could serve as a putative biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 20080, China
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30
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Chen J, Zhu S, Jiang N, Shang Z, Quan C, Niu Y. HoxB3 promotes prostate cancer cell progression by transactivating CDCA3. Cancer Lett 2012; 330:217-24. [PMID: 23219899 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox (Hox) genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors critical to development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Their dysregulation has been implicated in various cancers. In the present study, we show that HoxB3 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in primary prostate cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal prostate tissues. Moreover, HoxB3 overexpression is associated with higher Gleason grade (⩾7) (P=0.002), clinical stage (P<0.001) and PSA level (⩾10) (P=0.013). The Kaplan and Meier analysis showed that HoxB3 overexpression predicts poor survival outcome. Overexpression of HoxB3 promotes LNCaP cells proliferation and migration in vitro. Furthermore, depletion of HoxB3 in PC-3 cells decreased the capacity of proliferation in a cell division cycle associated 3 (CDCA3)-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. The ChIP analysis indicates that HoxB3 can bind to the CDCA3 promoter region and transactivate the CDCA3 expression. These data suggested that HoxB3 promote prostate cancer progression by upregulating CDCA3 expression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, The Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, He Xi District, Tianjin, China
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31
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Zhu Z, Shi M, Hu W, Estrella H, Engebretsen J, Nichols T, Briere D, Hosea N, Los G, Rejto PA, Fanjul A. Dose-dependent effects of small-molecule antagonists on the genomic landscape of androgen receptor binding. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:355. [PMID: 22849360 PMCID: PMC3507642 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The androgen receptor plays a critical role throughout the progression of prostate cancer and is an important drug target for this disease. While chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is becoming an essential tool for studying transcription and chromatin modification factors, it has rarely been employed in the context of drug discovery. Results Here we report changes in the genome-wide AR binding landscape due to dose-dependent inhibition by drug-like small molecules using ChIP-Seq. Integration of sequence analysis, transcriptome profiling, cell viability assays and xenograft tumor growth inhibition studies enabled us to establish a direct cistrome-activity relationship for two novel potent AR antagonists. By selectively occupying the strongest binding sites, AR signaling remains active even when androgen levels are low, as is characteristic of first-line androgen ablation therapy. Coupled cistrome and transcriptome profiling upon small molecule antagonism led to the identification of a core set of AR direct effector genes that are most likely to mediate the activities of targeted agents: unbiased pathway mapping revealed that AR is a key modulator of steroid metabolism by forming a tightly controlled feedback loop with other nuclear receptor family members and this oncogenic effect can be relieved by antagonist treatment. Furthermore, we found that AR also has an extensive role in negative gene regulation, with estrogen (related) receptor likely mediating its function as a transcriptional repressor. Conclusions Our study provides a global and dynamic view of AR’s regulatory program upon antagonism, which may serve as a molecular basis for deciphering and developing AR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhu
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Zhang X, Sun S, Pu JKS, Tsang ACO, Lee D, Man VOY, Lui WM, Wong STS, Leung GKK. Long non-coding RNA expression profiles predict clinical phenotypes in glioma. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:1-8. [PMID: 22709987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the commonest form of primary brain tumor in adults with varying malignancy grades and histological subtypes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of non-protein-coding transcripts that have been shown to play important roles in cancer development. To discover novel tumor-related lncRNAs and determine their associations with glioma subtypes, we first applied a lncRNA classification pipeline to identify 1970 lncRNAs that were represented on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 array. We then analyzed the lncRNA expression patterns in a set of previously published glioma gene expression profiles of 268 clinical specimens, and identified sets of lncRNAs that were unique to different histological subtypes (astrocytic versus oligodendroglial tumors) and malignancy grades. These lncRNAs signatures were then subject to validation in another non-overlapping, independent data set that contained 157 glioma samples. This is the first reported study that correlates lncRNA expression profiles with malignancy grade and histological differentiation in human gliomas. Our findings indicate the potential roles of lncRNAs in the biogenesis, development and differentiation of gliomas, and provide an important platform for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Androgen receptor co-activators in the regulation of cellular events in prostate cancer. World J Urol 2011; 30:297-302. [PMID: 22105110 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-011-0797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Androgen receptor (AR) action in benign and malignant tissue is potentiated by a number of co-regulatory proteins that may interact with one or more receptor domains. With improvement of research methodologies, it became possible to detect a number of co-activators whose expression is increased in prostate cancer tissue. METHODS Manuscripts describing prostate cancer-relevant regulation of cellular events by co-activators are selected and summarized. RESULTS AR co-activators may regulate histone modification, proteasomal degradation, chaperones, sumoylation, chromatin remodeling, and cytoskeleton. Some of them (TIF-2) are up-regulated by androgens, whereas the expression of others increases during androgen ablation (p300, CBP, and Tip60). Most co-factors are important for the stimulation of cellular proliferation, although in some cases (ART-27), they act as tumor suppressors and are deleted in prostate cancer tissue. In addition to stimulating AR, some co-activators suppress apoptosis in prostate cancer cells that do not express the AR (p300 and SRC-3). It was recently shown that the inhibition of p300 slows down proliferation, stimulates apoptosis, and inhibits migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Co-factors whose down-regulation results in the alterations of multiple cellular functions may be valid targets for novel therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
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Elvenes J, Thomassen EIS, Johnsen SS, Kaino K, Sjøttem E, Johansen T. Pax6 represses androgen receptor-mediated transactivation by inhibiting recruitment of the coactivator SPBP. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24659. [PMID: 21935435 PMCID: PMC3174178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) has a central role in development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and in the etiology of prostate cancer. The transcription factor Pax6 has recently been reported to act as a repressor of AR and to be hypermethylated in prostate cancer cells. SPBP is a transcriptional regulator that previously has been shown to enhance the activity of Pax6. In this study we have identified SPBP to act as a transcriptional coactivator of AR. We also show that Pax6 inhibits SPBP-mediated enhancement of AR activity on the AR target gene probasin promoter, a repression that was partly reversed by increased expression of SPBP. Enhanced expression of Pax6 reduced the amount of SPBP associated with the probasin promoter when assayed by ChIP in HeLa cells. We mapped the interaction between both AR and SPBP, and AR and Pax6 to the DNA-binding domains of the involved proteins. Further binding studies revealed that Pax6 and SPBP compete for binding to AR. These results suggest that Pax6 represses AR activity by displacing and/or inhibiting recruitment of coactivators to AR target promoters. Understanding the mechanism for inhibition of AR coactivators can give rise to molecular targeted drugs for treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Elvenes
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Sylvia Sagen Johnsen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katrine Kaino
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva Sjøttem
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Adwan H, Zhivkova-Galunska M, Georges R, Eyol E, Kleeff J, Giese NA, Friess H, Bergmann F, Berger MR. Expression of HOXC8 is inversely related to the progression and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:288-95. [PMID: 21712827 PMCID: PMC3142801 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The transcription factor HOXC8 regulates many genes involved in tumour progression. This study was to investigate the role of HOXC8 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth and metastasis. Methods: The Hoxc8 expression was determined in 15 PDAC cell lines and human specimens by RT–polymerase chain reaction and/or immunohistochemistry. The effects of HOXC8 silencing by RNA interference were investigated by functional tests. Results: The Hoxc8 mRNA expression in PDAC cell lines was negatively related to their growth in vivo. Except for Suit2-007 cells, only those with low Hoxc8 mRNA expression grew in nude rats. Successful down-regulation of HOXC8 expression caused increased proliferation, migration (P⩽0.05) and colony formation (P⩽0.05) in Suit2-007, Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 PDAC cells, respectively. The Hoxc8 mRNA levels in diseased human pancreas tissues were significantly increased over normal in PDAC and autoimmune chronic pancreatitis specimens (P<0.01, respectively), but negatively related to tumour stage (P=0.09). In primary and metastatic tumour samples, immunohistochemical staining for HOXC8 was stronger in surrounding than in neoplastic tissues. Furthermore, grading of primary carcinomas was negatively associated with HOXC8 staining (P=0.03). Liver metastases showed the lowest HOXC8 expression of all neoplastic lesions. Conclusion: These data indicate that HOXC8 expression is inversely related to PDAC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Adwan
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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