1
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Zehtabcheh S, Yousefi AM, Momeny M, Bashash D. C-Myc inhibition intensified the anti-leukemic properties of Imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10157-10167. [PMID: 37924446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its remarkable efficacy in producing hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular remissions, the FDA approved Imatinib as the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients. However, in some patients, failure to completely eradicate leukemic cells and the escape of these cells from death will lead to the development of resistance to Imatinib, and many are concerned about the prospects of this Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI). It has been documented that the compensatory overexpression of c-Myc is among the most critical mechanisms that promote drug efflux and resistance in CML stem cells. METHODS In order to examine the potential of c-Myc inhibition through the use of 10058-F4 to enhance the anti-leukemic properties of Imatinib, we conducted trypan blue and MTT assays. Additionally, we employed flow cytometric analysis and qRT-PCR to assess the effects of this combination on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. RESULTS The findings of our study indicate that the combination of 10058-F4 and Imatinib exhibited significantly stronger anti-survival and anti-proliferative effects on CML-derived-K562 cells in comparison to either agent administered alone. It is noteworthy that these results were also validated in the CML-derived NALM-1 cell line. Molecular analysis of this synergistic effect revealed that the inhibition of c-Myc augmented the efficacy of Imatinib by modulating the expression of genes related to cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and proteasome. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings of this investigation have demonstrated that the suppression of the c-Myc oncoprotein through the use of 10058-F4 has augmented the effectiveness of Imatinib, suggesting that this amalgamation could offer a fresh perspective on an adjunctive treatment for individuals with CML. Nevertheless, additional scrutiny, encompassing in-vivo examinations and clinical trials, is requisite.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zehtabcheh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Kim JH, Kang KW, Park Y, Kim BS. CXCR2 inhibition overcomes ponatinib intolerance by eradicating chronic myeloid leukemic stem cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and dipeptidylpeptidase Ⅳ (CD26). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22091. [PMID: 38045173 PMCID: PMC10692791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the therapeutic potential of targeting CXCR2 in patients afflicted with ponatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Ponatinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was initially designed for treating patients with CML harboring the T315I mutation. However, resistance or intolerance issues may lead to treatment discontinuation. Additionally, TKIs have exhibited limitations in eradicating quiescent CML stem cells. Our investigation reveals the activation of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) signaling in response to chemotherapeutic stress. Treatment with the CXCR2 antagonist, SB225002, effectively curtails cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in ponatinib-resistant CML cells. SB225002 intervention also results in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and disruption of mitochondrial function, phenomena associated with TKI chemoresistance and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activated CXCR2 expression induces the activity of dipeptidylpeptidase Ⅳ (DPP4/CD26), a CML leukemic stem cell marker, and concomitantly inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway cascades. These findings underscore the novel role of CXCR2 in the regulation of not only ponatinib-resistant CML cells, but also CML leukemic stem cells. Consequently, our study proposes that targeting CXCR2 holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for addressing patients with CML grappling with ponatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hea Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ka-Won Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Mazzera L, Abeltino M, Lombardi G, Cantoni AM, Jottini S, Corradi A, Ricca M, Rossetti E, Armando F, Peli A, Ferrari A, Martinelli G, Scupoli MT, Visco C, Bonifacio M, Ripamonti A, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Bonati A, Perris R, Lunghi P. MEK1/2 regulate normal BCR and ABL1 tumor-suppressor functions to dictate ATO response in TKI-resistant Ph+ leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:1671-1685. [PMID: 37386079 PMCID: PMC10400427 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remains a clinical challenge in Ph-positive variants of chronic myeloid leukemia. We provide mechanistic insights into a previously undisclosed MEK1/2/BCR::ABL1/BCR/ABL1-driven signaling loop that may determine the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in TKI-resistant leukemic patients. We find that activated MEK1/2 assemble into a pentameric complex with BCR::ABL1, BCR and ABL1 to induce phosphorylation of BCR and BCR::ABL1 at Tyr360 and Tyr177, and ABL1, at Thr735 and Tyr412 residues thus provoking loss of BCR's tumor-suppression functions, enhanced oncogenic activity of BCR::ABL1, cytoplasmic retention of ABL1 and consequently drug resistance. Coherently, pharmacological blockade of MEK1/2 induces dissociation of the pentameric MEK1/2/BCR::ABL1/BCR/ABL1 complex and causes a concurrent BCRY360/Y177, BCR::ABL1Y360/Y177 and cytoplasmic ABL1Y412/T735 dephosphorylation thereby provoking the rescue of the BCR's anti-oncogenic activities, nuclear accumulation of ABL1 with tumor-suppressive functions and consequently, growth inhibition of the leukemic cells and an ATO sensitization via BCR-MYC and ABL1-p73 signaling axes activation. Additionally, the allosteric activation of nuclear ABL1 was consistently found to enhance the anti-leukemic effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor Mirdametinib, which when combined with ATO, significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing BCR::ABL1-T315I-induced leukemia. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MEK1/2-inhibitors/ATO combination for the treatment of TKI-resistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mazzera
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Manuela Abeltino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Guerino Lombardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Jottini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Micaela Ricca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Rossetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Healthcare Service (SSN-Servizio Sanitario Nazionale) ASL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Angelo Peli
- Department for Life Quality Studies Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, FC, Italy
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seragnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Hematology-University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Hematology-University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Ripamonti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Adult Hematology, IRCCS San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Adult Hematology, IRCCS San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Bonati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Perris
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology-COMT, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Lunghi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology-COMT, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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4
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Yin X, Zhou M, Zhang L, Fu Y, Xu M, Wang X, Cui Z, Gao Z, Li M, Dong Y, Feng H, Ma S, Chen C. Histone chaperone ASF1A accelerates chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis by activating Notch signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:842. [PMID: 36184659 PMCID: PMC9527247 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The blast crisis (BC) is the final deadly phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which remains a major challenge in clinical management. However, the underlying molecular mechanism driving blastic transformation remains unclear. Here, we show that ASF1A, an essential activator, enhanced the transformation to CML-BC by mediating cell differentiation arrest. ASF1A expression was aberrantly increased in bone marrow samples from CML-BC patients compared with newly diagnosed CML-chronic phase (CP) patients. ASF1A inhibited cell differentiation and promoted CML development in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified ASF1A as a coactivator of the Notch transcriptional complex that induces H3K56ac modification in the promoter regions of Notch target genes, and subsequently enhanced RBPJ binding to these promoter regions, thereby enhancing Notch signaling activation to mediate differentiation arrest in CML cells. Thus, our work suggests that targeting ASF1A might represent a promising therapeutic approach and a biomarker to detect disease progression in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yin
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Minran Zhou
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Lu Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yue Fu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Man Xu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zelong Cui
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zhenxing Gao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Miao Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yuting Dong
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Huimin Feng
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Sai Ma
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
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5
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Unusual B-Lymphoid Blastic Crisis as Initial Presentation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Imposes Diagnostic Challenges. Case Rep Hematol 2022; 2022:9785588. [PMID: 35795544 PMCID: PMC9252768 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9785588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by reciprocal translocation t(9,22) (q34; q11), leading to increased myeloid proliferation. Most cases are diagnosed in the chronic phase (CP). However, a minority of cases can be present in the blastic phase (BP). In most patients with CML-BP, the blasts have a myeloid phenotype, however, in 20–30% of cases, the blasts have a lymphoid phenotype, mostly a B-cell phenotype. It is challenging to differentiate CML B-lymphoblastic phase (CML-BLP) from Ph + primary B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) especially when the CML-BLP is the initial presentation of the disease, which is uncommon. We report here an unusual case of CML-BLP as an initial presentation of the disease without typical CML morphological findings. This case demonstrates diagnostic challenges and emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach using morphology, multiparametric flow cytometry, cytogenetic studies, and molecular studies to render an accurate diagnosis.
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6
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Wu PS, Wang CY, Chen PS, Hung JH, Yen JH, Wu MJ. 8-Hydroxydaidzein Downregulates JAK/STAT, MMP, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and PI3K/AKT Pathways in K562 Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121907. [PMID: 34944720 PMCID: PMC8698423 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A metabolite isolated from fermented soybean, 8-hydroxydaidzein (8-OHD, 7,8,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone, NSC-678112), is widely used in ethnopharmacological research due to its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. We reported previously that 8-OHD provoked reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and induced autophagy, apoptosis, breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene (BCR-ABL) degradation, and differentiation in K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. However, how 8-OHD regulates metabolism, the extracellular matrix during invasion and metastasis, and survival signaling pathways in CML remains largely unexplored. High-throughput technologies have been widely used to discover the therapeutic targets and pathways of drugs. Bioinformatics analysis of 8-OHD-downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), c-Myc, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolic pathways were significantly altered by 8-OHD treatment. Western blot analyses validated that 8-OHD significantly downregulated cytosolic JAK2 and the expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 dose- and time-dependently in K562 cells. Zymography and transwell assays also confirmed that K562-secreted MMP9 and invasion activities were dose-dependently inhibited by 8-OHD after 24 h of treatment. RT-qPCR analyses verified that 8-OHD repressed metastasis and OXPHOS-related genes. In combination with DisGeNET, it was found that 8-OHD’s downregulation of PI3K/AKT is crucial for controlling CML development. A STRING protein–protein interaction analysis further revealed that AKT and MYC are hub proteins for cancer progression. Western blotting revealed that AKT phosphorylation and nuclear MYC expression were significantly inhibited by 8-OHD. Collectively, this systematic investigation revealed that 8-OHD exerts anti-CML effects by downregulating JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, MMP, and OXPHOS pathways, and MYC expression. These results could shed new light on the development of 8-OHD for CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan; (P.-S.W.); (P.-S.C.)
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Shern Chen
- Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan; (P.-S.W.); (P.-S.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan; (P.-S.W.); (P.-S.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-6-2664911 (ext. 2520)
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7
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Aranda-Tavío H, Recio C, Martín-Acosta P, Guerra-Rodríguez M, Brito-Casillas Y, Blanco R, Junco V, León J, Montero JC, Gandullo-Sánchez L, McNaughton-Smith G, Zapata JM, Pandiella A, Amesty A, Estévez-Braun A, Fernández-Pérez L, Guerra B. JKST6, a novel multikinase modulator of the BCR-ABL1/STAT5 signaling pathway that potentiates direct BCR-ABL1 inhibition and overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112330. [PMID: 34673425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy that highly depends on the BCR-ABL1/STAT5 signaling pathway for cell survival. First-line treatments for CML consist of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that efficiently target BCR-ABL1 activity. However, drug resistance and intolerance are still therapeutic limitations in Ph+ cells. Therefore, the development of new anti-CML drugs that exhibit alternative mechanisms to overcome these limitations is a desirable goal. In this work, the antitumoral activity of JKST6, a naphthoquinone-pyrone hybrid, was assessed in imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant human CML cells. Live-cell imaging analysis revealed JKST6 potent antiproliferative activity in 2D and 3D CML cultures. JKST6 provoked cell increase in the subG1 phase along with a reduction in the G0/G1 phase and altered the expression of key proteins involved in the control of mitosis and DNA damage. Rapid increases in Annexin V staining and activation/cleavage of caspases 8, 9 and 3 were observed after JKST6 treatment in CML cells. Of interest, JKST6 inhibited BCR-ABL1/STAT5 signaling through oncokinase downregulation that was preceded by rapid polyubiquitination. In addition, JKST6 caused a transient increase in JNK and AKT phosphorylation, whereas the phosphorylation of P38-MAPK and Src was reduced. Combinatory treatment unveiled synergistic effects between imatinib and JKST6. Notably, JKST6 maintained its antitumor efficacy in BCR-ABL1-T315I-positive cells and CML cells that overexpress BCR-ABL and even restored imatinib efficacy after a short exposure time. These findings, together with the observed low toxicity of JKST6, reveal a novel multikinase modulator that might overcome the limitations of BCR-ABL1 inhibitors in CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidée Aranda-Tavío
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlota Recio
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pedro Martín-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Departamento de Química Orgánica, QUIBIONAT, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miguel Guerra-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yeray Brito-Casillas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanessa Junco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC and CIBERONC. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC and CIBERONC. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" - CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC and CIBERONC. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angel Amesty
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Departamento de Química Orgánica, QUIBIONAT, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Departamento de Química Orgánica, QUIBIONAT, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Borja Guerra
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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8
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Wang L, Li L, Chen R, Huang X, Ye X. Understanding and Monitoring Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Blast Crisis: How to Better Manage Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4987-5000. [PMID: 34188552 PMCID: PMC8236273 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s314343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is triggered primarily by the t(9;22) (q34.13; q11.23) translocation. This reciprocal chromosomal translocation leads to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. Patients in the chronic phase (CP) experience a good curative effect with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, cases are treatment refractory, with a dismal prognosis, when the disease has progressed to the accelerated phase (AP) or blast phase (BP). Until now, few reports have provided a comprehensive description of the mechanisms involved at different molecular levels. Indeed, the underlying pathogenesis of CML evolution comprises genetic aberrations, chromosomal translocations (except for the Philadelphia chromosome), telomere biology, and epigenetic anomalies. Herein, we provide knowledge of the biology responsible for blast transformation of CML at several levels, such as genetics, telomere biology, and epigenetic anomalies. Because of the limited treatment options available and poor outcomes, only the therapeutic response is monitored regularly, which involves BCR-ABL transcript level assessment and immunologic surveillance, with the optimal treatment strategy for patients in CP adapted to evaluate disease recurrence or progression. Overall, selecting optimal treatment endpoints to predict survival and successful TFR improves the quality of life of patients. Thus, identifying risk factors and developing risk-adapted therapeutic options may contribute to a better outcome for advanced-phase patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kim JH, Lee SJ, Kang KW, Lee BH, Park Y, Kim BS. CXCR2, a novel target to overcome tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114658. [PMID: 34146540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a reciprocal translocation disorder driven by a breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson leukemia virus (ABL) fusion gene that stimulates abnormal tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) + CML patients. However, the appearance of TKI-resistant CML cells is a hurdle in CML treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel alternative treatments targeting tyrosine kinases. This study was designed to determine whether C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) could be a novel target for TKI-resistant CML treatment. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a CXCR2 ligand, was significantly increased in the bone marrow serum of initially diagnosed CML patients and TKI-resistant CML cell conditioned media. CXCR2 antagonists suppressed the proliferation of CML cells via cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. CXCR2 inhibition also attenuated mTOR, c-Myc, and BCR-ABL expression, leading to CML cell apoptosis, irrespective of TKI responsiveness. Moreover, SB225002, a CXCR2 antagonist, caused higher cell death in TKI-resistant CML cells than TKIs. Using a mouse xenograft model, we confirmed that SB225002 suppresses tumor growth, with a prominent effect on TKI-resistant CML cells. Our findings demonstrate that IL-8 is a prognostic factor for the progression of CML. Inhibiting the CXCR2-mTOR-c-Myc cascade is a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome TKI-sensitive and TKI-insensitive CML. Thus, CXCR2 blockade is a novel therapeutic strategy to treat CML, and SB225002, a commercially available CXCR2 antagonist, might be a candidate drug that could be used to treat TKI-resistant CML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hea Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ka-Won Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Curti L, Campaner S. MYC-Induced Replicative Stress: A Double-Edged Sword for Cancer Development and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6168. [PMID: 34201047 PMCID: PMC8227504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor that controls the expression of a large fraction of cellular genes linked to cell cycle progression, metabolism and differentiation. MYC deregulation in tumors leads to its pervasive genome-wide binding of both promoters and distal regulatory regions, associated with selective transcriptional control of a large fraction of cellular genes. This pairs with alterations of cell cycle control which drive anticipated S-phase entry and reshape the DNA-replication landscape. Under these circumstances, the fine tuning of DNA replication and transcription becomes critical and may pose an intrinsic liability in MYC-overexpressing cancer cells. Here, we will review the current understanding of how MYC controls DNA and RNA synthesis, discuss evidence of replicative and transcriptional stress induced by MYC and summarize preclinical data supporting the therapeutic potential of triggering replicative stress in MYC-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Curti
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@CGS, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@CGS, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
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12
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New Insights into YES-Associated Protein Signaling Pathways in Hematological Malignancies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081981. [PMID: 33924049 PMCID: PMC8073623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YES-associated protein (YAP) is a co-transcriptional activator that binds to transcriptional factors to increase the rate of transcription of a set of genes, and it can intervene in the onset and progression of different tumors. Most of the data in the literature refer to the effects of the YAP system in solid neoplasms. In this review, we analyze the possibility that YAP can also intervene in hematological neoplasms such as lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and acute and chronic leukemias, modifying the phenomena of cell proliferation and cell death. The possibilities of pharmacological intervention related to the YAP system in an attempt to use its modulation therapeutically are also discussed. Abstract The Hippo/YES-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is a cell survival and proliferation-control system with its main activity that of regulating cell growth and organ volume. YAP operates as a transcriptional coactivator in regulating the onset, progression, and treatment response in numerous human tumors. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of YAP in the control of the hematopoietic system, in physiological conditions rather than in hematological diseases. Nevertheless, several reports have proposed that the effects of YAP in tumor cells are cell-dependent and cell-type-determined, even if YAP usually interrelates with extracellular signaling to stimulate the onset and progression of tumors. In the present review, we report the most recent findings in the literature on the relationship between the YAP system and hematological neoplasms. Moreover, we evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the modulation of the YAP system in the treatment of malignancies. Given the effects of the YAP system in immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, further studies on interactions between the YAP system and hematological malignancies will offer very relevant information for the targeting of these diseases employing YAP modifiers alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
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13
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Yung Y, Lee E, Chu HT, Yip PK, Gill H. Targeting Abnormal Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Classical Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020659. [PMID: 33440869 PMCID: PMC7827471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are unique hematopoietic stem cell disorders sharing mutations that constitutively activate the signal-transduction pathways involved in haematopoiesis. They are characterized by stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation. The key MPNs comprise chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). CML is defined by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Despite effective cytoreductive agents and targeted therapy, complete CML/MPN stem cell eradication is rarely achieved. In this review article, we discuss the novel agents and combination therapy that can potentially abnormal hematopoietic stem cells in CML and MPNs and the CML/MPN stem cell-sustaining bone marrow microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Autophagy
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Susceptibility
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/etiology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stem Cell Niche
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harinder Gill
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2255-4542; Fax: +852-2816-2863
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14
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Minciacchi VR, Kumar R, Krause DS. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Model Disease of the Past, Present and Future. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010117. [PMID: 33435150 PMCID: PMC7827482 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been a "model disease" with a long history. Beginning with the first discovery of leukemia and the description of the Philadelphia Chromosome and ending with the current goal of achieving treatment-free remission after targeted therapies, we describe here the journey of CML, focusing on molecular pathways relating to signaling, metabolism and the bone marrow microenvironment. We highlight current strategies for combination therapies aimed at eradicating the CML stem cell; hopefully the final destination of this long voyage.
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MESH Headings
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- History, 20th Century
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/history
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R. Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Daniela S. Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Clinic II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-63395-500; Fax: +49-69-63395-519
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15
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Exosomes from Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Affect CML Cells Growth and Promote Drug Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8890201. [PMID: 33414831 PMCID: PMC7752271 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although major advances have been achieved in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, patients relapse after withdrawal and need long-term medication. This reflects the CML clones have not been eliminated completely. The precise mechanisms for the maintenance of CML cells are not yet fully understood. The bone marrow microenvironment constitutes the sanctuary for leukemic cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are an important component of the bone marrow microenvironment (BM). It plays an important role in the development and drug resistance of CML. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication. We successfully isolated and purified exosomes from human bone marrow microenvironment-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC-Exo) by serial centrifugation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hBMMSC-Exo on the proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance of CML cells. The results demonstrated that hBMMSC-Exo had the ability to inhibit the proliferation of CML cells in vitro via miR-15a and arrest cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. However, the results obtained from BALB/c nu/nu mice studies apparently contradicted the in vitro results. In fact, hBMMSC-Exo increased tumor incidence and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Further study showed the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression increased, whereas the Caspase3 expression decreased. Moreover, the in vivo study in the xenograft tumor model showed that hBMMSC-Exo promoted the proliferation and decreased the sensitivity of CML cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, resulting in drug resistance. These results demonstrated that hBMMSC-Exo supported the maintenance of CML cells and drug resistance in BM by cell-extrinsic protective mechanisms. They also suggested that hBMMSC-Exo might be a potential target to overcome the microenvironment-mediated drug resistance.
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16
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de Oliveira Ribeiro H, Cortez AP, de Ávila RI, da Silva ACG, de Carvalho FS, Menegatti R, Lião LM, Valadares MC. Small-molecule MDM2 inhibitor LQFM030-induced apoptosis in p53-null K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:444-457. [PMID: 32011031 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our group designed and synthesized the N-phenyl-piperazine LQFM030 [1-(4-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl) piperazin-1-yl) ethanone], a small molecule derived from molecular simplification of the Nutlin-1, an inhibitor of the human homologue of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein that is expressed in several types of cancer. To better investigate the effects of LQFM030 regarding the p53 mutation status, this study investigated the antiproliferative activity of LQFM030 against the p53-null K562 leukemia cells as well as the cell death pathways involved. In addition, the effects of LQFM030 on the levels of the p53/MDM2 complex were also carried out using 3T3 cells as a p53 wild-type model. Our data suggest that LQFM030 triggered apoptosis in K562 cells via different mechanisms including cell cycle arrest, caspase activation, reduction of mitochondrial activity, decrease in MDM2 expression, and transcriptional modulation of MDMX, p73, MYC, and NF-ĸB. Additionally, it promoted effects in p53/MDM2 binding in p53 wild-type 3T3 cells. Therefore, LQFM030 has antiproliferative effects in cancer cells by a p53 mutation status-independent manner with different signaling pathways. These findings open new perspectives to the treatment of leukemic cells considering the resistance development associated with cancer treatment with conventional cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higor de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Alane Pereira Cortez
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Renato Ivan de Ávila
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Artur Christian Garcia da Silva
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Flávio Silva de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal (LQFM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal (LQFM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
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17
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Clapper E, Wang S, Raninga PV, Di Trapani G, Tonissen KF. Cross-talk between Bcr-abl and the Thioredoxin System in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Implications for CML Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030207. [PMID: 32138149 PMCID: PMC7139888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is currently treated with inhibitors of the CML specific oncoprotein, bcr-abl. While this strategy is initially successful, drug resistance can become a problem. Therefore, new targets need to be identified to ensure the disease can be appropriately managed. The thioredoxin (Trx) system, comprised of Trx, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, is an antioxidant system previously identified as a target for therapies aimed at overcoming drug resistance in other cancers. We assessed the effectiveness of TrxR inhibitors on drug resistant CML cells and examined links between TrxR and the bcr-abl cell-signalling pathway. Two TrxR inhibitors, auranofin and [Au(d2pype)2]Cl, increased intracellular ROS levels and elicited apoptosis in both sensitive and imatinib resistant CML cells. Inhibition of TrxR activity by these pharmacological inhibitors, or by specific siRNA, also resulted in decreased bcr-abl mRNA and protein levels, and lower bcr-abl downstream signalling activity, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of TrxR inhibitors as CML therapies. In addition, imatinib resistant CML cell lines showed upregulated expression of the Trx system. Furthermore, analysis of datasets showed that CML patients who did not respond to imatinib had higher Trx mRNA levels than patients who responded to treatment. Our study demonstrates a link between the Trx system and the bcr-abl protein and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the Trx system to improve CML patients’ outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Clapper
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sicong Wang
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prahlad V. Raninga
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Giovanna Di Trapani
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Kathryn F. Tonissen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: (G.D.T.); (K.F.T.)
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18
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The Role of MYC and PP2A in the Initiation and Progression of Myeloid Leukemias. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030544. [PMID: 32110991 PMCID: PMC7140463 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor is one of the best characterized PP2A substrates. Deregulation of the MYC oncogene, along with inactivation of PP2A, are two frequent events in cancer. Both proteins are essential regulators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and they, directly and indirectly, regulate each other’s activity. Studies in cancer suggest that targeting the MYC/PP2A network is an achievable strategy for the clinic. Here, we focus on and discuss the role of MYC and PP2A in myeloid leukemias.
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19
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Lafita-Navarro MC, Liaño-Pons J, Quintanilla A, Varela I, Blanco R, Ourique F, Bretones G, Aresti J, Molina E, Carroll P, Hurlin P, Romero OA, Sanchez-Céspedes M, Eisenman RN, Delgado MD, León J. The MNT transcription factor autoregulates its expression and supports proliferation in MYC-associated factor X (MAX)-deficient cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2001-2017. [PMID: 31919096 PMCID: PMC7029127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAX network transcriptional repressor (MNT) is an MXD family transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family. MNT dimerizes with another transcriptional regulator, MYC-associated factor X (MAX), and down-regulates genes by binding to E-boxes. MAX also dimerizes with MYC, an oncogenic bHLH transcription factor. Upon E-box binding, the MYC-MAX dimer activates gene expression. MNT also binds to the MAX dimerization protein MLX (MLX), and MNT-MLX and MNT-MAX dimers co-exist. However, all MNT functions have been attributed to MNT-MAX dimers, and no functions of the MNT-MLX dimer have been described. MNT's biological role has been linked to its function as a MYC oncogene modulator, but little is known about its regulation. We show here that MNT localizes to the nucleus of MAX-expressing cells and that MNT-MAX dimers bind and repress the MNT promoter, an effect that depends on one of the two E-boxes on this promoter. In MAX-deficient cells, MNT was overexpressed and redistributed to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, MNT was required for cell proliferation even in the absence of MAX. We show that in MAX-deficient cells, MNT binds to MLX, but also forms homodimers. RNA-sequencing experiments revealed that MNT regulates the expression of several genes even in the absence of MAX, with many of these genes being involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. Of note, MNT-MNT homodimers regulated the transcription of some genes involved in cell proliferation. The tight regulation of MNT and its functionality even without MAX suggest a major role for MNT in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Judit Liaño-Pons
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Fabiana Ourique
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Gabriel Bretones
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Julia Aresti
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ester Molina
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Patrick Carroll
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Peter Hurlin
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Research Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Octavio A Romero
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Sanchez-Céspedes
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert N Eisenman
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - M Dolores Delgado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
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Suppression of BCL6 function by HDAC inhibitor mediated acetylation and chromatin modification enhances BET inhibitor effects in B-cell lymphoma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16495. [PMID: 31712669 PMCID: PMC6848194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic aberrations in the regulation of BCL6, including in acetyltransferase genes, occur in clinically aggressive B-cell lymphomas and lead to higher expression levels and activity of this transcriptional repressor. BCL6 is, therefore, an attractive target for therapy in aggressive lymphomas. In this study romidepsin, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Burkitt and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines, which are model cells for studying the mechanism of action of BCL6. Romidepsin caused BCL6 acetylation at early timepoints inhibiting its function, while at later timepoints BCL6 expression was reduced and target gene expression increased due to chromatin modification. MYC contributes to poor prognosis in aggressive lymphoma. MYC function is reduced by inhibition of chromatin readers of the bromodomain and extra-terminal repeat (BET) family, which includes BRD4. The novel combination of romidepsin and JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor was investigated and showed synergy. Collectively we suggest that the combination of HDACi and BRD4i should be pursued in further pre-clinical testing.
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21
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Spiniello M, Steinbrink MI, Cesnik AJ, Miller RM, Scalf M, Shortreed MR, Smith LM. Comprehensive in vivo identification of the c-Myc mRNA protein interactome using HyPR-MS. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:1337-1352. [PMID: 31296583 PMCID: PMC6800478 DOI: 10.1261/rna.072157.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins bind mRNA through their entire life cycle from transcription to degradation. We analyzed c-Myc mRNA protein interactors in vivo using the HyPR-MS method to capture the crosslinked mRNA by hybridization and then analyzed the bound proteins using mass spectrometry proteomics. Using HyPR-MS, 229 c-Myc mRNA-binding proteins were identified, confirming previously proposed interactors, suggesting new interactors, and providing information related to the roles and pathways known to involve c-Myc. We performed structural and functional analysis of these proteins and validated our findings with a combination of RIP-qPCR experiments, in vitro results released in past studies, publicly available RIP- and eCLIP-seq data, and results from software tools for predicting RNA-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Spiniello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Medicine of Precision, University of Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
- Division of Immuno-Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maisie I Steinbrink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Anthony J Cesnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Rachel M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Michael R Shortreed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Lloyd M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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22
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Lee YS, Heo W, Son CH, Kang CD, Park YS, Bae J. Upregulation of Myc promotes the evasion of NK cell‑mediated immunity through suppression of NKG2D ligands in K562 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3301-3307. [PMID: 31432134 PMCID: PMC6755160 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Myc is a characteristic oncogene with dual functions in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Since the overexpression of the c-Myc proto-oncogene is a common event in the development and growth of various human types of cancer, the present study investigated whether oncogenic c-Myc can alter natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity through the expression of associated genes, using PCR, western blotting and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, whether c-Myc could influence the expression levels of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands, which are well known NK activation molecules, as well as NK cell-mediated immunity, was investigated. c-Myc was inhibited by 10058-F4 treatment and small interfering RNA transfection. Upregulation of c-Myc was achieved by transfection with a pCMV6-myc vector. The inhibition of c-Myc increased MHC class I polyeptide-related sequence B and UL16 binding protein 1 expressions among NKG2D ligands, and the overexpression of c-Myc suppressed the expression of all NKG2D ligands, except MHC class I polyeptide-related sequence A. Furthermore, the alteration of c-Myc activity altered the susceptibility of K562 cells to NK cells. These results suggested that the overexpression of c-Myc may contribute to the immune escape of cancer cells and cell proliferation. Combined treatment with NK-based cancer immunotherapy and inhibition of c-Myc may achieve improved therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Shin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hun Son
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Gijang, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Soo Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Gijang, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yin X, Zhou M, Fu Y, Yang L, Xu M, Sun T, Wang X, Huang T, Chen C. Histone demethylase RBP2 mediates the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia through an RBP2/PTEN/BCR-ABL cascade. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109360. [PMID: 31374292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic disorders play a key role in tumorigenesis and development, among which histone methylation abnormalities are common. While patients living with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase (CML-CP) have a good response to TKI, blastic phase (CML-BP) patients demonstrate poor efficacy and high fatality rates. However, while the mechanism of blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia remains unclear, high expression and activation of BCR-ABL are usually related to CML blast crisis transition. We found that histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase RBP2 expression is negatively correlated with BCR-ABL expression, which suggests a regulatory link between these two genes. We also discovered that RBP2 mediates the dephosphorylation of BCR-ABL by directly downregulating PTEN expression, depending on histone demethylase activity, while PTEN targets protein phosphatase activity of BCR-ABL, a phosphatase which directly dephosphorylates BCR-ABL. In clinical specimens, the mRNA expression of RBP2 was found to be positively correlated with that of PTEN. These data suggest that the under-expression of RBP2 promotes blast crisis transition by activating an RBP2/PTEN/BCR-ABL cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minran Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107,Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
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24
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Zhang X, Tu H, Yang Y, Jiang X, Hu X, Luo Q, Li J. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia via the IL-7/JAK1/STAT5 pathway. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12167-12179. [PMID: 31235520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the fusion of the BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase activating protein (BCR) and ABL proto-oncogene, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (ABL) genes. Although the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib (IM) and nilotinib (NI) have remarkable efficacy in managing CML, the malignancies in some patients become TKI-resistant. Here, we isolated bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from several CML patients by Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradient centrifugation for coculture with K562 and BV173 cells with or without TKIs. We used real-time quantitative PCR to assess the level of interleukin 7 (IL-7) expression in the MSCs and employed immunoblotting to monitor protein expression in the BCR/ABL, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. We also used a xenograft tumor model to examine the in vivo effect of different MSCs on CML cells. MSCs from patients with IM-resistant CML protected K562 and BV173 cells against IM- or NI-induced cell death, and this protection was due to increased IL-7 secretion from the MSCs. Moreover, IL-7 levels in the BM of patients with IM-resistant CML were significantly higher than in healthy donors or IM-sensitive CML patients. IL-7 elicited IM and NI resistance via BCR/ABL-independent activation of JAK1/STAT5 signaling, but not of JAK3/STAT5 or PI3K/AKT signaling. IL-7 or JAK1 gene knockdown abrogated IL-7-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation and IM resistance in vitro and in vivo Because high IL-7 levels in the BM mediate TKI resistance via BCR/ABL-independent activation of JAK1/STAT5 signaling, combining TKIs with IL-7/JAK1/STAT5 inhibition may have significant utility for managing CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huaijun Tu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yazhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qidong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we emphasize up-to-date practical cytogenetic and molecular aspects of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and summarize current knowledge on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and treatment response monitoring of CML. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of TKIs has changed the natural course of CML and markedly improved patient survival. Over the past decades, many research efforts were devoted to elucidating the leukemogenic mechanisms of BCR-ABL1 and developing novel TKIs. More recent studies have attempted to answer new questions that have emerged in the TKI era, such as the cytogenetic and molecular bases of treatment failure and disease progression, the clinical impact of genetic aberrations in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive and Ph-negative cells, and the biological significance of Ph secondarily acquired during therapy of other hematological neoplasms. Recent progresses in the understanding of the cytogenetic and molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic failure and disease progression have improved the risk stratification of CML and will be helpful in the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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26
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Chandran RK, Geetha N, Sakthivel KM, Kumar RS, Krishna KMNJ, Sreedharan H. Differential gene expression changes and their implication on the disease progression in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 77:51-60. [PMID: 30959263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression of CML are not conclusive. The main functional changes associated with disease evolution in CML was high proliferation rate, decreased apoptosis, blockade of differentiation, and strong resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The current study analyzed the relative expressional profiles of genes related with proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as c-MYC, BAD, BCL-2, C/EBPα/-β and ABCB1 respectively in different clinical stages of CML by SYBR Green I quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR. We selected a total of 183 CML patients and 30 healthy control samples. The study populations were classified into four groups, including de novo CML-CP (50/183), CML-AP (32/183), CML-BC (51/183) and Imatinib Mesylate or IM resistant CML-CP (50/183) groups. qRT PCR analysis revealed that significant overexpression of c-MYC, ABCB1 and BCL-2 was observed in advanced phases and IM resistant CP of CML compared to healthy controls. Likewise, the mean expression level of BAD, C/EBPα/-β genes were found to be significantly down regulated. Present study concluded that the complex interplay of several candidate genes like overexpression of c-MYC, ABCB1, BCL-2 and down regulation of BAD, C/EBPα/-β played a significant role in the disease evolution and development of drug resistant in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Krishna Chandran
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Post, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Narayanan Geetha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Post, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Post, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India; Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641014, India
| | - Raveendran Suresh Kumar
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Post, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | | | - Hariharan Sreedharan
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Post, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India.
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García-Gutiérrez L, Delgado MD, León J. MYC Oncogene Contributions to Release of Cell Cycle Brakes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E244. [PMID: 30909496 PMCID: PMC6470592 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotion of the cell cycle is a major oncogenic mechanism of the oncogene c-MYC (MYC). MYC promotes the cell cycle by not only activating or inducing cyclins and CDKs but also through the downregulation or the impairment of the activity of a set of proteins that act as cell-cycle brakes. This review is focused on the role of MYC as a cell-cycle brake releaser i.e., how MYC stimulates the cell cycle mainly through the functional inactivation of cell cycle inhibitors. MYC antagonizes the activities and/or the expression levels of p15, ARF, p21, and p27. The mechanism involved differs for each protein. p15 (encoded by CDKN2B) and p21 (CDKN1A) are repressed by MYC at the transcriptional level. In contrast, MYC activates ARF, which contributes to the apoptosis induced by high MYC levels. At least in some cells types, MYC inhibits the transcription of the p27 gene (CDKN1B) but also enhances p27's degradation through the upregulation of components of ubiquitin ligases complexes. The effect of MYC on cell-cycle brakes also opens the possibility of antitumoral therapies based on synthetic lethal interactions involving MYC and CDKs, for which a series of inhibitors are being developed and tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
- Current address: Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - María Dolores Delgado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Sodaro G, Blasio G, Fiorentino F, Auberger P, Costanzo P, Cesaro E. ZNF224 is a transcriptional repressor of AXL in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biochimie 2018; 154:127-131. [PMID: 30176265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ZNF224 is a KRAB-zinc finger transcription factor that exerts a key tumor suppressive role in chronic myelogenous leukemia. In this study, we identify the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl as a novel target of ZNF224 transcriptional repression activity. Axl overexpression is found in many types of cancer and is frequently associated with drug resistance. Interestingly, we also found that sensitivity to imatinib can be partly restored in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells by ZNF224 overexpression and the resulting suppression of Axl expression. These results, in accordance with our previous findings, support the role of ZNF224 in imatinib responsiveness and shed new insights into potential therapeutic use of ZNF224 in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Sodaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Blasio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Federica Fiorentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy.
| | - Elena Cesaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
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Liu H, Zhao WL, Wang JP, Xin BM, Shao RG. EBP50 suppresses the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells via promoting Beclin-1/p62-mediated lysosomal degradation of c-Myc. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1347-1358. [PMID: 29283175 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Myc, a key activator of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, promotes the development and progression of breast cancer. Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein-50 (EBP50) is a multifunctional scaffold protein that suppresses the proliferation of breast cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether the cancer-suppressing effects of EBP50 resulted from its regulation of c-Myc signaling in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo. We first found a significant correlation between EBP50 and c-Myc expression levels in breast cancer tissue, and demonstrated that EBP50 suppressed cell proliferation through decreasing the expression of c-Myc and its downstream proteins cyclin A, E and Cdc25A in MCF-7 cells. We further showed that EBP50 did not regulate c-Myc mRNA expression, but it promoted the degradation of c-Myc through the autophagic lysosomal pathway. Moreover, EBP50 promoted integration between c-Myc and p62, an autophagic cargo protein, triggering the autophagic lysosomal degradation of c-Myc. In EBP50-silenced MCF-7 cells, activation of autophagy by Beclin-1 promoted the degradation of c-Myc and inhibited cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that the EBP50/Beclin-1/p62/c-Myc signaling pathway plays a role in the proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: EBP50 stimulates the autophagic lysosomal degradation of c-Myc, thereby inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Based on our results, promoting the lysosomal degradation of c-Myc might be a promising new strategy for treating breast cancer.
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30
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Guerra B, Martín-Rodríguez P, Díaz-Chico JC, McNaughton-Smith G, Jiménez-Alonso S, Hueso-Falcón I, Montero JC, Blanco R, León J, Rodríguez-González G, Estévez-Braun A, Pandiella A, Díaz-Chico BN, Fernández-Pérez L. CM363, a novel naphthoquinone derivative which acts as multikinase modulator and overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29679-29698. [PMID: 27557509 PMCID: PMC5444695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a hematological stem cell disorder which is associated with activation of Bcr-Abl-Stat5 oncogenic pathway. Direct Bcr-Abl inhibitors are initially successful for the treatment of CML but over time many patients develop drug resistance. In the present study, the effects of CM363, a novel naphthoquinone (NPQ) derivative, were evaluated on human CML-derived K562 cells. CM363 revealed an effective cell growth inhibition (IC50 = 0.7 ± 0.5 μM) by inducing cancer cells to undergo cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CM363 caused a dose- and time-dependent reduction of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases. This cell cycle arrest was associated with increased levels of cyclin E, pChk1 and pChk2 whereas CM363 downregulated cyclin B, cyclin D3, p27, pRB, Wee1, and BUBR1. CM363 increased the double-strand DNA break marker γH2AX. CM363 caused a time-dependent increase of annexin V-positive cells, DNA fragmentation and increased number of apoptotic nuclei. CM363 triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as reflected by a release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and induction of the cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, and PARP. CM363 showed multikinase modulatory effects through an early increased JNK phosphorylation followed by inhibition of pY-Bcrl-Abl and pY-Stat5. CM363 worked synergistically with imatinib to inhibit cell viability and maintained its activity in imatinib-resistant cells. Finally, CM363 (10 mg/Kg) suppressed the growth of K562 xenograft tumors in athymic mice. In summary, CM363 is a novel multikinase modulator that offers advantages to circumvent imanitib resistance and might be therapeutically effective in Bcrl-Abl-Stat5 related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS)-BioPharm Laboratory-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Epaña.,Unidad de Apoyo a la Docencia en Enfermería-Fuerteventura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.,Instituto Canario de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (ICIC), España
| | - Patricia Martín-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS)-BioPharm Laboratory-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Epaña
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Chico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS)-BioPharm Laboratory-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Epaña.,Instituto Canario de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (ICIC), España
| | | | - Sandra Jiménez-Alonso
- Instituto Canario de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (ICIC), España.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (CIBICAN), Universidad de la Laguna, España
| | | | | | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), España
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), España
| | | | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto Canario de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (ICIC), España.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (CIBICAN), Universidad de la Laguna, España
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, España
| | - Bonifacio Nicolás Díaz-Chico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS)-BioPharm Laboratory-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Epaña.,Instituto Canario de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (ICIC), España.,Centro Atlántico del Medicamento (CEAMED), España
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS)-BioPharm Laboratory-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Epaña.,Instituto Canario de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (ICIC), España
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Behzad MM, Shahrabi S, Jaseb K, Bertacchini J, Ketabchi N, Saki N. Aberrant DNA Methylation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Cell Fate Control, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Response. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:149-175. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Role of ZNF224 in c-Myc repression and imatinib responsiveness in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3417-3431. [PMID: 29423056 PMCID: PMC5790473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ZNF224 plays a key proapoptotic role in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), by modulating Wilms Tumor protein 1 (WT1) dependent apoptotic genes transcription. Recently, we demonstrated that Bcr-Abl signaling represses ZNF224 expression in Bcr-Abl positive CML cell lines and in CML patients. Interestingly, Imatinib and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors specifically increase ZNF224 expression. On the other hand, Bcr-Abl positively modulates, via JAK2 activation, the expression of the c-Myc oncogene, which is required for Bcr-Abl oncogenic transformation in CML. Consequently, JAK2 inhibitors represent promising molecular therapeutic tools in CML. In this work, we demonstrate that ZNF224 is a novel transcriptional repressor of c-Myc in CML. We also show that ZNF224 induction by Imatinib and AG490, a specific JAK2 inhibitor, is responsible for the transcriptional repression of c-MYC, thus highlighting the crucial role of the ZNF224/c-Myc axis in Imatinib responsiveness. Interestingly, we also report that ZNF224 is induced by AG490 in Imatinib-resistant CML cells, leading to c-Myc repression and apoptosis induction. These findings suggest that the development of molecular tools able to induce ZNF224 expression could provide promising means to bypass Imatinib resistance in CML.
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Schick M, Habringer S, Nilsson JA, Keller U. Pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of aberrant MYC expression in haematological cancers. Br J Haematol 2017; 179:724-738. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schick
- Internal Medicine III; School of Medicine; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Habringer
- Internal Medicine III; School of Medicine; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Jonas A. Nilsson
- Department of Surgery; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Internal Medicine III; School of Medicine; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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Targeting chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells with the hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor acriflavine. Blood 2017; 130:655-665. [PMID: 28576876 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-745588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-driven neoplasia characterized by expression of the constitutively active tyrosine kinase BCR/Abl. CML therapy based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is highly effective in inducing remission but not in targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which sustain minimal residual disease and are responsible for CML relapse following discontinuation of treatment. The identification of molecules capable of targeting LSCs appears therefore of primary importance to aim at CML eradication. LSCs home in bone marrow areas at low oxygen tension, where HSCs are physiologically hosted. This study addresses the effects of pharmacological inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a critical regulator of LSC survival, on the maintenance of CML stem cell potential. We found that the HIF-1 inhibitor acriflavine (ACF) decreased survival and growth of CML cells. These effects were paralleled by decreased expression of c-Myc and stemness-related genes. Using different in vitro stem cell assays, we showed that ACF, but not TKIs, targets the stem cell potential of CML cells, including primary cells explanted from 12 CML patients. Moreover, in a murine CML model, ACF decreased leukemia development and reduced LSC maintenance. Importantly, ACF exhibited significantly less-severe effects on non-CML hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we propose ACF, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for nononcological use in humans, as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent CML relapse and, in combination with TKIs, enhance induction of remission.
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Soltani I, Douzi K, Gharbi H, Benhassine I, Teber M, Amouri H, Ben Hadj Othman H, Farrah A, Ben Lakhel R, Abbes S, Menif S. Downregulation of miR-451 in Tunisian chronic myeloid leukemia patients: potential implication in imatinib resistance. Hematology 2016; 22:201-207. [DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2016.1252020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Soltani
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kais Douzi
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Gharbi
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Islem Benhassine
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouheb Teber
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassiba Amouri
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hind Ben Hadj Othman
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Farrah
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Salem Abbes
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Menif
- Molecular and Cellular Hematology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Li H, Huang Z, Gao M, Huang N, Luo Z, Shen H, Wang X, Wang T, Hu J, Feng W. Inhibition of YAP suppresses CML cell proliferation and enhances efficacy of imatinib in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:134. [PMID: 27599610 PMCID: PMC5012077 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yes-associated protein (YAP), an essential component of Hippo pathway, was identified as an oncoprotein which participated in the progression of various malignancies. However, its role in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains to be further clarified. METHODS The expression of YAP in CML cells was determined by western blotting. Next, the effects of YAP knockdown and YAP inhibitor on CML cells were evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry (FCM) and Wright's staining. Moreover, K562 induced mice model was employed to further investigate the role of YAP in vivo. RESULTS YAP was overexpressed in CML cells. Knockdown of YAP by si-RNA or inhibition the function of YAP using verteporfin (VP) not only inhibited the proliferation, induced the apoptosis of CML cells but also reduced the expression of YAP target genes c-myc and survivin. Additionally, VP enhanced the efficacy of imatinib (IM) in vitro and suppressed leukemogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that YAP may play an important role in the proliferation and leukemogenesis of CML cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of YAP provides a novel treatment strategy for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ningshu Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huawei Shen
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Inhibition of Ras-mediated signaling pathways in CML stem cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:407-18. [PMID: 26458816 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein in cells with a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin. BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase activity leads to constitutive activation of Ras, which in turn acts as a branch point to initiate multiple downstream signaling pathways governing proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis. As aberrant regulation of these cellular processes causes transformation and disease progression particularly in advanced stages of CML, investigation of these signaling pathways may uncover new therapeutic targets for the selective eradication of CML stem cells. Transcription factors play a crucial role in unbalancing the Ras signaling network and have recently been investigated as potential modulators in this regard. In this review, we first briefly summarize the Ras-associated molecular pathways that are involved in the regulation of CML stem cell properties. Next we discuss the relevance of Ras-associated transcription factors as nuclear targets in combination treatment strategies for CML. CONCLUSIONS A closer investigation of the influence of Ras-mediated signaling pathways on CML progression to blast crisis is warranted to uncover new directions for targeted therapies, particularly in cases that are resistant to current tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Muvarak N, Kelley S, Robert C, Baer MR, Perrotti D, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Civin C, Scheibner K, Rassool FV. c-MYC Generates Repair Errors via Increased Transcription of Alternative-NHEJ Factors, LIG3 and PARP1, in Tyrosine Kinase-Activated Leukemias. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:699-712. [PMID: 25828893 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Leukemias expressing the constitutively activated tyrosine kinases (TK) BCR-ABL1 and FLT3/ITD activate signaling pathways that increase genomic instability through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), and error-prone repair. The nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is a major pathway for DSB repair and is highly aberrant in TK-activated leukemias; an alternative form of NHEJ (ALT-NHEJ) predominates, evidenced by increased expression of DNA ligase IIIα (LIG3) and PARP1, increased frequency of large genomic deletions, and repair using DNA sequence microhomologies. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that the TK target c-MYC plays a role in transcriptional activation and subsequent expression of LIG3 and PARP1 and contributes to the increased error-prone repair observed in TK-activated leukemias. c-MYC negatively regulates microRNAs miR-150 and miR-22, which demonstrate an inverse correlation with LIG3 and PARP1 expression in primary and cultured leukemia cells and chronic myelogenous leukemia human patient samples. Notably, inhibition of c-MYC and overexpression of miR-150 and -22 decreases ALT-NHEJ activity. Thus, BCR-ABL1 or FLT3/ITD induces c-MYC expression, leading to genomic instability via augmented expression of ALT-NHEJ repair factors that generate repair errors. IMPLICATIONS In the context of TK-activated leukemias, c-MYC contributes to aberrant DNA repair through downstream targets LIG3 and PARP1, which represent viable and attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Muvarak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shannon Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carine Robert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria R Baer
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Danilo Perrotti
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Curt Civin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kara Scheibner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Feyruz V Rassool
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Liu N, Li P, Zang S, Liu Q, Ma D, Sun X, Ji C. Novel agent nitidine chloride induces erythroid differentiation and apoptosis in CML cells through c-Myc-miRNAs axis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116880. [PMID: 25647305 PMCID: PMC4315404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-Myc plays critical roles in human malignancies including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), suggesting that the discovery of specific agents targeting c-Myc would be extremely valuable for CML treatment. Nitidine Chloride (NC), a natural bioactive alkaloid, is suggested to possess anti-tumor effects. However, the function of NC in leukemia and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been established. In this study, we found that NC induced erythroid differentiation, accompanied by increased expression of erythroid differentiation markers, e. g. α-, ε-, γ-globin, CD235a, CD71 and α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) in CML cells. We also observed that NC induced apoptosis and upregulated cleaved caspase-3 and Parp-1 in K562 cells. These effects were associated with concomitant attenuation of c-Myc. Our study showed that NC treatment in CML cells enhanced phosphorylation of Thr58 residue and subsequently accelerated degradation of c-Myc. A specific group of miRNAs, which had been reported to be activated by c-Myc, mediated biological functions of c-Myc. We found that most of these miRNAs, especially miR-17 and miR-20a showed strong decrement after NC treatment or c-Myc interference. Furthermore, overexpression of c-Myc or miR-17/20a alleviated NC induced differentiation and apoptosis in K562 cells. More importantly, NC enhanced the effects of imatinib in K562 and primary CML cells. We further found that even imatinib resistant CML cell line (K562/G01) and CML primary cells exhibited high sensitivity to NC, which showed potential possibility to overcome imatinib resistance. Taken together, our results clearly suggested that NC promoted erythroid differentiation and apoptosis through c-Myc-miRNAs regulatory axis, providing potential possibility to overcome imatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaolei Zang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Lab of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Key Lab of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Bretones G, Delgado MD, León J. Myc and cell cycle control. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:506-16. [PMID: 24704206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soon after the discovery of the Myc gene (c-Myc), it became clear that Myc expression levels tightly correlate to cell proliferation. The entry in cell cycle of quiescent cells upon Myc enforced expression has been described in many models. Also, the downregulation or inactivation of Myc results in the impairment of cell cycle progression. Given the frequent deregulation of Myc oncogene in human cancer it is important to dissect out the mechanisms underlying the role of Myc on cell cycle control. Several parallel mechanisms account for Myc-mediated stimulation of the cell cycle. First, most of the critical positive cell cycle regulators are encoded by genes induced by Myc. These Myc target genes include Cdks, cyclins and E2F transcription factors. Apart from its direct effects on the transcription, Myc is able to hyperactivate cyclin/Cdk complexes through the induction of Cdk activating kinase (CAK) and Cdc25 phosphatases. Moreover, Myc antagonizes the activity of cell cycle inhibitors as p21 and p27 through different mechanisms. Thus, Myc is able to block p21 transcription or to induce Skp2, a protein involved in p27 degradation. Finally, Myc induces DNA replication by binding to replication origins and by upregulating genes encoding proteins required for replication initiation. Myc also regulates genes involved in the mitotic control. A promising approach to treat tumors with deregulated Myc is the synthetic lethality based on the inhibition of Cdks. Thus, the knowledge of the Myc-dependent cell cycle regulatory mechanisms will help to discover new therapeutic approaches directed against malignancies with deregulated Myc. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Myc proteins in cell biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bretones
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M Dolores Delgado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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Suresh S, McCallum L, Crawford LJ, Lu WH, Sharpe DJ, Irvine AE. The matricellular protein CCN3 regulates NOTCH1 signalling in chronic myeloid leukaemia. J Pathol 2013; 231:378-87. [PMID: 24308033 PMCID: PMC4314772 DOI: 10.1002/path.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated NOTCH1 has been reported in lymphoid leukaemia, although its role in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is not well established. We previously reported BCR-ABL down-regulation of a novel haematopoietic regulator, CCN3, in CML; CCN3 is a non-canonical NOTCH1 ligand. This study characterizes the NOTCH1–CCN3 signalling axis in CML. In K562 cells, BCR-ABL silencing reduced full-length NOTCH1 (NOTCH1-FL) and inhibited the cleavage of NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NOTCH1-ICD), resulting in decreased expression of the NOTCH1 targets c-MYC and HES1. K562 cells stably overexpressing CCN3 (K562/CCN3) or treated with recombinant CCN3 (rCCN3) showed a significant reduction in NOTCH1 signalling (> 50% reduction in NOTCH1-ICD, p < 0.05). Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), which blocks NOTCH1 signalling, reduced K562/CCN3 colony formation but increased that of K562/control cells. GSI combined with either rCCN3 or imatinib reduced K562 colony formation with enhanced reduction of NOTCH1 signalling observed with combination treatments. We demonstrate an oncogenic role for NOTCH1 in CML and suggest that BCR-ABL disruption of NOTCH1–CCN3 signalling contributes to the pathogenesis of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- K562 Cells/drug effects
- K562 Cells/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transfection
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Singh H, Shelat AA, Singh A, Boulos N, Williams RT, Guy RK. A screening-based approach to circumvent tumor microenvironment-driven intrinsic resistance to BCR-ABL+ inhibitors in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:158-67. [PMID: 23989453 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113501081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by the BCR-ABL fusion kinase drives Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Despite their clinical activity in many patients with CML, the BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors (BCR-ABL-KIs) imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib provide only transient leukemia reduction in patients with Ph+ ALL. While host-derived growth factors in the leukemia microenvironment have been invoked to explain this drug resistance, their relative contribution remains uncertain. Using genetically defined murine Ph+ ALL cells, we identified interleukin 7 (IL-7) as the dominant host factor that attenuates response to BCR-ABL-KIs. To identify potential combination drugs that could overcome this IL-7-dependent BCR-ABL-KI-resistant phenotype, we screened a small-molecule library including Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Among the validated hits, the well-tolerated antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) displayed potent activity in vitro and modest in vivo monotherapy activity against engineered murine BCR-ABL-KI-resistant Ph+ ALL. Strikingly, cotreatment with DHA and dasatinib in vivo strongly reduced primary leukemia burden and improved long-term survival in a murine model that faithfully captures the BCR-ABL-KI-resistant phenotype of human Ph+ ALL. This cotreatment protocol durably cured 90% of treated animals, suggesting that this cell-based screening approach efficiently identified drugs that could be rapidly moved to human clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- 1Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Higdon CW, Mitra RD, Johnson SL. Gene expression analysis of zebrafish melanocytes, iridophores, and retinal pigmented epithelium reveals indicators of biological function and developmental origin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67801. [PMID: 23874447 PMCID: PMC3706446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to facilitate understanding of pigment cell biology, we developed a method to concomitantly purify melanocytes, iridophores, and retinal pigmented epithelium from zebrafish, and analyzed their transcriptomes. Comparing expression data from these cell types and whole embryos allowed us to reveal gene expression co-enrichment in melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelium, as well as in melanocytes and iridophores. We found 214 genes co-enriched in melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelium, indicating the shared functions of melanin-producing cells. We found 62 genes significantly co-enriched in melanocytes and iridophores, illustrative of their shared developmental origins from the neural crest. This is also the first analysis of the iridophore transcriptome. Gene expression analysis for iridophores revealed extensive enrichment of specific enzymes to coordinate production of their guanine-based reflective pigment. We speculate the coordinated upregulation of specific enzymes from several metabolic pathways recycles the rate-limiting substrate for purine synthesis, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, thus constituting a guanine cycle. The purification procedure and expression analysis described here, along with the accompanying transcriptome-wide expression data, provide the first mRNA sequencing data for multiple purified zebrafish pigment cell types, and will be a useful resource for further studies of pigment cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Higdon
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CWH); (SLJ)
| | - Robi D. Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephen L. Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CWH); (SLJ)
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Koldehoff M, Zakrzewski JL, Beelen DW, Elmaagacli AH. Additive antileukemia effects by GFI1B- and BCR–ABL-specific siRNA in advanced phase chronic myeloid leukemic cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:421-7. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3-Anhydro-6-hydroxy-ophiobolin A, a new sesterterpene inhibiting the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and inducing the cell death by apoptosis on K562, from the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris oryzae. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3547-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Systems-pharmacology dissection of a drug synergy in imatinib-resistant CML. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:905-912. [PMID: 23023260 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of the BCR-ABL(T315I) gatekeeper mutation is among the most pressing challenges in the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Several BCR-ABL inhibitors have multiple targets and pleiotropic effects that could be exploited for their synergistic potential. Testing combinations of such kinase inhibitors identified a strong synergy between danusertib and bosutinib that exclusively affected CML cells harboring BCR-ABL(T315I). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we applied a systems-level approach comprising phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics and chemical proteomics. Data integration revealed that both compounds targeted Mapk pathways downstream of BCR-ABL, resulting in impaired activity of c-Myc. Using pharmacological validation, we assessed that the relative contributions of danusertib and bosutinib could be mimicked individually by Mapk inhibitors and collectively by downregulation of c-Myc through Brd4 inhibition. Thus, integration of genome- and proteome-wide technologies enabled the elucidation of the mechanism by which a new drug synergy targets the dependency of BCR-ABL(T315I) CML cells on c-Myc through nonobvious off targets.
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Delgado MD, Albajar M, Gomez-Casares MT, Batlle A, León J. MYC oncogene in myeloid neoplasias. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:87-94. [PMID: 22911553 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor that regulates many critical genes for cell proliferation, differentiation, and biomass accumulation. MYC is one of the most prevalent oncogenes found to be altered in human cancer, being deregulated in about 50 % of tumors. Although MYC deregulation has been more frequently associated to lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia than to myeloid malignancies, a body of evidence has been gathered showing that MYC plays a relevant role in malignancies derived from the myeloid compartment. The myeloid leukemogenic activity of MYC has been demonstrated in different murine models. Not surprisingly, MYC has been found to be amplified or/and deregulated in the three major types of myeloid neoplasms: acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative neoplasms, including chronic myeloid leukemia. Here, we review the recent literature describing the involvement of MYC in myeloid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dolores Delgado
- Group of Transcriptional Control and Cancer, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN, Avda Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
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Gómez-Casares MT, García-Alegria E, López-Jorge CE, Ferrándiz N, Blanco R, Alvarez S, Vaqué JP, Bretones G, Caraballo JM, Sánchez-Bailón P, Delgado MD, Martín-Perez J, Cigudosa JC, León J. MYC antagonizes the differentiation induced by imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia cells through downregulation of p27(KIP1.). Oncogene 2012; 32:2239-46. [PMID: 22710719 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progresses from a chronic to a blastic phase where the leukemic cells are proliferative and undifferentiated. The CML is nowadays successfully treated with BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors as imatinib and dasatinib. In the CML-derived K562 cell line, low concentrations of imatinib induce proliferative arrest and erythroid differentiation. We found that imatinib upregulated the cell cycle inhibitor p27(KIP1) (p27) in a time- and -concentration dependent manner, and that the extent of imatinib-mediated differentiation was severely decreased in cells with depleted p27. MYC (c-Myc) is a transcription factor frequently deregulated in human cancer. MYC is overexpressed in untreated CML and is associated to poor response to imatinib. Using K562 sublines with conditional MYC expression (induced by Zn(2+) or activated by 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen) we show that MYC prevented the erythroid differentiation induced by imatinib and dasatinib. The differentiation inhibition is not due to increased proliferation of MYC-expressing clones or enhanced apoptosis of differentiated cells. As p27 overexpression is reported to induce erythroid differentiation in K562, we explored the effect of MYC on imatinib-dependent induction of p27. We show that MYC abrogated the imatinib-induced upregulation of p27 concomitantly with the differentiation inhibition, suggesting that MYC inhibits differentiation by antagonizing the imatinib-mediated upregulation of p27. This effect occurs mainly by p27 protein destabilization. This was in part due to MYC-dependent induction of SKP2, a component of the ubiquitin ligase complex that targets p27 for degradation. The results suggest that, although MYC deregulation does not directly confer resistance to imatinib, it might be a factor that contributes to progression of CML through the inhibition of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Gómez-Casares
- Servicio de Hematología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Dr Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain
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