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Liu X, Li X, Wei H, Liu Y, Li N. Mast cells in colorectal cancer tumour progression, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209056. [PMID: 37497234 PMCID: PMC10366593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the tumour cells, as well as how tumour cells interact with their surroundings, affect the prognosis of cancer patients. The resident cells in the tumour microenvironment are mast cells (MCs), which are known for their functions in allergic responses, but their functions in the cancer milieu have been hotly contested. Several studies have revealed a link between MCs and the development of tumours. Mast cell proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with angiogenesis, the number of lymph nodes to which the malignancy has spread, and patient prognosis. By releasing angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, CXCL 8, MMP-9, etc.) and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C, VEGF-D, etc.) stored in granules, mast cells play a significant role in the development of CRC. On the other hand, MCs can actively encourage tumour development via pathways including the c-kit/SCF-dependent signaling cascade and histamine production. The impact of MC-derived mediators on tumour growth, the prognostic importance of MCs in patients with various stages of colorectal cancer, and crosstalk between MCs and CRC cells in the tumour microenvironment are discussed in this article. We acknowledge the need for a deeper comprehension of the function of MCs in CRC and the possibility that targeting MCs might be a useful therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haotian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ningxu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Mast Cell–Tumor Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms of Recruitment, Intratumoral Communication and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Tumor Growth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030349. [PMID: 35159157 PMCID: PMC8834237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that are important players in diseases associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer. Since MCs can infiltrate solid tumors and promote or limit tumor growth, a possible polarization of MCs to pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral phenotypes has been proposed and remains as a challenging research field. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between MCs and tumor cells. In particular, we consider: (1) the multifaceted role of MCs on tumor growth suggested by histological analysis of tumor biopsies and studies performed in MC-deficient animal models; (2) the signaling pathways triggered by tumor-derived chemotactic mediators and bioactive lipids that promote MC migration and modulate their function inside tumors; (3) the possible phenotypic changes on MCs triggered by prevalent conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia; (4) the signaling pathways that specifically lead to the production of angiogenic factors, mainly VEGF; and (5) the possible role of MCs on tumor fibrosis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the novel literature on the molecular mechanisms potentially related to phenotypic changes that MCs undergo into the TME and some therapeutic strategies targeting MC activation to limit tumor growth.
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3
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Behring M, Ye Y, Elkholy A, Bajpai P, Agarwal S, Kim H, Ojesina AI, Wiener HW, Manne U, Shrestha S, Vazquez AI. Immunophenotype-associated gene signature in ductal breast tumors varies by receptor subtype, but the expression of individual signature genes remains consistent. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5712-5720. [PMID: 34189853 PMCID: PMC8366080 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In silico deconvolution of invasive immune cell infiltration in bulk breast tumors helps characterize immunophenotype, expands treatment options, and influences survival endpoints. In this study, we identify the differential expression (DE) of the LM22 signature to classify immune-rich and -poor breast tumors and evaluate immune infiltration by receptor subtype and lymph node metastasis. METHODS Using publicly available data, we applied the CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate immune cells infiltrating the tumor into immune-rich and immune-poor groups. We then tested the association of receptor subtype and nodal status with immune-rich/poor phenotype. We used DE to test individual signature genes and over-representation analysis for related pathways. RESULTS CCL19 and CXCL9 expression differed between rich/poor signature groups regardless of subtype. Overexpression of CHI3L2 and FES was observed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) relative to other subtypes in immune-rich tumors. Non-signature genes, LYZ, C1QB, CORO1A, EVI2B, GBP1, PSMB9, and CD52 were consistently overexpressed in immune-rich tumors, and SCUBE2 and GRIA2 were associated with immune-poor tumors. Immune-rich tumors had significant upregulation of genes/pathways while none were identified in immune-poor tumors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the proportion of immune-rich/poor tumors differed by subtype; however, a subset of 10 LM22 genes that marked immune-rich status remained the same across subtype. Non-LM22 genes differentially expressed between the phenotypes suggest that the biologic processes responsible for immune-poor phenotype are not yet well characterized.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Datasets as Topic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Behring
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Yuanfan Ye
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Amr Elkholy
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Hyung‐Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Akinyemi I. Ojesina
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Howard W Wiener
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Ana I. Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringEast LansingMIUSA
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Dolgachev V, Panicker S, Balijepalli S, McCandless LK, Yin Y, Swamy S, Suresh MV, Delano MJ, Hemmila MR, Raghavendran K, Machado-Aranda D. Electroporation-mediated delivery of FER gene enhances innate immune response and improves survival in a murine model of pneumonia. Gene Ther 2018; 25:359-375. [PMID: 29907877 PMCID: PMC6195832 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that electroporation-mediated (EP) delivery of the FER gene improved survival in a combined trauma-pneumonia model. The mechanism of this protective effect is unknown. In this paper, we performed a pneumonia model in C57/BL6 mice with 500 CFU of Klebsiella pneumoniae. After inoculation, a plasmid encoding human FER was delivered by EP into the lung (PNA/pFER-EP). Survival of FER-treated vs. controls (PNA; PNA/EP-pcDNA) was recorded. In parallel cohorts, bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) and lung were harvested at 24 and 72 h with markers of infection measured. FER-EP-treated animals reduced bacterial counts and had better 5-day survival compared to controls (80 vs. 20 vs. 25%; p < 0.05). Pre-treatment resulted in 100% survival. With FER, inflammatory monocytes were quickly recruited into BAL. These cells had increased surface expression for Toll-receptor 2 and 4, and increased phagocytic and myeloperoxidase activity at 24 h. Samples from FER electroporated animals had increased phosphorylation of STAT transcription factors, varied gene expression of IL1β, TNFα, Nrf2, Nlrp3, Cxcl2, HSP90 and increased cytokine production of TNF-α, CCL-2, KC, IFN-γ, and IL-1RA. In a follow-up experiment, using Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) similar bacterial reduction effects were obtained with FER gene delivery. We conclude that FER overexpression improves survival through STAT activation enhancing innate immunity and accelerating bacterial clearance in the lung. This constitutes a novel mechanism of inflammatory regulation with therapeutic potential in the setting of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Dolgachev
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Sreehari Panicker
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Sanjay Balijepalli
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Lane Kelly McCandless
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Yue Yin
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Samantha Swamy
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - M V Suresh
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Matthew J Delano
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Mark R Hemmila
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavendran
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA
| | - David Machado-Aranda
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH-1C421, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5033, USA.
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5
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Resveratrol improved detrusor fibrosis induced by mast cells during progression of chronic prostatitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Chen ZH, Yu YP, Tao J, Liu S, Tseng G, Nalesnik M, Hamilton R, Bhargava R, Nelson JB, Pennathur A, Monga SP, Luketich JD, Michalopoulos GK, Luo JH. MAN2A1-FER Fusion Gene Is Expressed by Human Liver and Other Tumor Types and Has Oncogenic Activity in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1120-1132.e15. [PMID: 28245430 PMCID: PMC5572118 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human tumors and liver cancer cell lines express the product of a fusion between the first 13 exons in the mannosidase α class 2A member 1 gene (MAN2A1) and the last 6 exons in the FER tyrosine kinase gene (FER), called MAN2A1-FER. We investigated whether MAN2A1-FER is expressed by human liver tumors and its role in liver carcinogenesis. METHODS We performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of 102 non-small cell lung tumors, 61 ovarian tumors, 70 liver tumors, 156 glioblastoma multiform samples, 27 esophageal adenocarcinomas, and 269 prostate cancer samples, as well as 10 nontumor liver tissues and 20 nontumor prostate tissues, collected at the University of Pittsburgh. We also measured expression by 15 human cancer cell lines. We expressed a tagged form of MAN2A1-FER in NIH3T3 and HEP3B (liver cancer) cells; Golgi were isolated for analysis. MAN2A1-FER was also overexpressed in PC3 or DU145 (prostate cancer), NIH3T3 (fibroblast), H23 (lung cancer), and A-172 (glioblastoma multiforme) cell lines and knocked out in HUH7 (liver cancer) cells. Cells were analyzed for proliferation and in invasion assays, and/or injected into flanks of severe combined immunodeficient mice; xenograft tumor growth and metastasis were assessed. Mice with hepatic deletion of PTEN were given tail-vein injections of MAN2A1-FER. RESULTS We detected MAN2A1-FER messenger RNA and fusion protein (114 kD) in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HUH7, as well as in liver tumors, esophageal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, prostate tumors, non-small cell lung tumors, and ovarian tumors, but not nontumor prostate or liver tissues. MAN2A1-FER protein retained the signal peptide for Golgi localization from MAN2A1 and translocated from the cytoplasm to Golgi in cancer cell lines. MAN2A1-FER had tyrosine kinase activity almost 4-fold higher than that of wild-type FER, and phosphorylated the epidermal growth factor receptor at tyrosine 88 in its N-terminus. Expression of MAN2A1-FER in 4 cell lines led to epidermal growth factor receptor activation of BRAF, MEK, and AKT; HUH7 cells with MAN2A1-FER knockout had significant decreases in phosphorylation of these proteins. Cell lines that expressed MAN2A1-FER had increased proliferation, colony formation, and invasiveness and formed larger (>2-fold) xenograft tumors in mice, with more metastases, than cells not expressing the fusion protein. HUH7 cells with MAN2A1-FER knockout formed smaller xenograft tumors, with fewer metastases, than control HUH7 cells. HUH7, A-172, and PC3 cells that expressed MAN2A1-FER were about 2-fold more sensitive to the FER kinase inhibitor crizotinib and the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor canertinib; these drugs slowed growth of xenograft tumors from MAN2A1-FER cells and prevented their metastasis in mice. Hydrodynamic tail-vein injection of MAN2A1-FER resulted in rapid development of liver cancer in mice with hepatic disruption of Pten. CONCLUSIONS Many human tumor types and cancer cell lines express the MAN2A1-FER fusion, which increases proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cell lines and has liver oncogenic activity in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Crizotinib
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Fusion
- Golgi Apparatus/enzymology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Oncogenes
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
- alpha-Mannosidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- alpha-Mannosidase/genetics
- alpha-Mannosidase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan P Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Nalesnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel B Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian-Hua Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Electroporation-mediated delivery of the FER gene in the resolution of trauma-related fatal pneumonia. Gene Ther 2016; 23:785-796. [PMID: 27454317 PMCID: PMC5096957 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Injured patients with lung contusion (LC) are at risk of developing bacterial pneumonia (PNA) followed by sepsis and death. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed FER gene expression positively correlating with survival rates among individuals with above conditions. We sought to determine whether electroporation (EP)-mediated delivery of FER gene could indeed improve survival, in a lethal model of combined LC and PNA. C57BL/6 mice sustained unilateral LC, which preceded a 500 Klebsiella colony forming unit (CFU) inoculation by 6 h. In-between these insults, human FER plasmid (pFER) was introduced into the lungs followed by eight EP pulses applied externally (10 ms at 200 V cm-1). Control groups included EP of empty vector (pcDNA3) or Na+/K+-ATPase genes (pPump) and no treatment (LC+PNA). We recorded survival, histology, lung mechanics, bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, FER and inflammatory gene expression and bacteriology. The data show that 7-day survival was significantly improved by pFER compared with control groups. pFER increased BAL monocytes and activated antibacterial response genes (nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Fizz). pFER treatment showed decreased lung and blood Klebsiella counts reaching, in some cases, complete sterilization. In conclusion, FER gene delivery promoted survival in LC+PNA mice via recruitment of activated immune cells, improving efficiency of bacterial clearance within contused lung.
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8
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Yang F, Yu Y. [Tumor microenvironment--the critical element of tumor metastasis]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:48-54. [PMID: 25603873 PMCID: PMC5999737 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
肿瘤转移是癌症治疗失败和患者死亡的主要原因,其分子机制复杂,涉及多步骤、多阶段、多基因的变化。作为肿瘤细胞赖以生存的场所,肿瘤微环境在肿瘤转移过程中起到至关重要的作用。因此,研究肿瘤微环境与肿瘤转移的动态关系,阐明微环境中不同因子在转移过程中的分子机制是抑制肿瘤转移的关键。
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Sharma N, Everingham S, Ramdas B, Kapur R, Craig AWB. SHP2 phosphatase promotes mast cell chemotaxis toward stem cell factor via enhancing activation of the Lyn/Vav/Rac signaling axis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4859-66. [PMID: 24733849 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SHP2 protein-tyrosine phosphatase (encoded by Ptpn11) positively regulates KIT (CD117) signaling in mast cells and is required for mast cell survival and homeostasis in mice. In this study, we uncover a role of SHP2 in promoting chemotaxis of mast cells toward stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for KIT receptor. Using an inducible SHP2 knockout (KO) bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC) model, we observed defects in SCF-induced cell spreading, polarization, and chemotaxis. To address the mechanisms involved, we tested whether SHP2 promotes activation of Lyn kinase that was previously shown to promote mast cell chemotaxis. In SHP2 KO BMMCs, SCF-induced phosphorylation of the inhibitory C-terminal residue (pY507) was elevated compared with control cells, and phosphorylation of activation loop (pY396) was diminished. Because Lyn also was detected by substrate trapping assays, these results are consistent with SHP2 activating Lyn directly by dephosphorylation of pY507. Further analyses revealed a SHP2- and Lyn-dependent pathway leading to phosphorylation of Vav1, Rac activation, and F-actin polymerization in SCF-treated BMMCs. Treatment of BMMCs with a SHP2 inhibitor also led to impaired chemotaxis, consistent with SHP2 promoting SCF-induced chemotaxis of mast cells via a phosphatase-dependent mechanism. Thus, SHP2 inhibitors may be useful to limit SCF/KIT-induced mast cell recruitment to inflamed tissues or the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Sharma
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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10
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Oldford SA, Marshall JS. Mast cells as targets for immunotherapy of solid tumors. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:113-24. [PMID: 24698842 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells have historically been studied mainly in the context of allergic disease. In recent years, we have come to understand the critical importance of mast cells in tissue remodeling events and their role as sentinel cells in the induction and development of effective immune responses to infection. Studies of the role of mast cells in tumor immunity are more limited. The pro-tumorigenic role of mast cells has been widely reported. However, mast cell infiltration predicts improved prognosis in some cancers, suggesting that their prognostic value may be dependent on other variables. Such factors may include the nature of local mast cell subsets and the various activation stimuli present within the tumor microenvironment. Experimental models have highlighted the importance of mast cells in orchestrating the anti-tumor events that follow immunotherapies that target innate immunity. Mast cells are long-lived tissue resident cells that are abundant around many solid tumors and are radiation resistant making them unique candidates for combined treatment modalities. This review will examine some of the key roles of mast cells in tumor immunity, with a focus on potential immunotherapeutic interventions that harness the sentinel role of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Oldford
- Dalhousie Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S Marshall
- Dalhousie Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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11
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Szatmary AC, Stuelten CH, Nossal R. Improving the design of the agarose spot assay for eukaryotic cell chemotaxis. RSC Adv 2014; 4:57343-57349. [PMID: 25530845 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration of cells along gradients of effector molecules, i.e., chemotaxis, is necessary in immune response and is involved in development and cancer metastasis. The experimental assessment of chemotaxis thus is of high interest. The agarose spot assay is a simple tissue culture system used to analyze chemotaxis. Although direction sensing requires gradients to be sufficiently steep, how the chemical gradients developed in this assay change over time, and thus, under what conditions chemotaxis is plausible, has not yet been determined. Here, we use numerical solution of the diffusion equation to determine the chemoattractant gradient produced in the assay. Our analysis shows that, for the usual spot size, the lifetime of the assay is optimized if the chemoattractant concentration in the spot is initially 30 times the dissociation constant of the chemoattractant-receptor bond. This result holds regardless of the properties of the chemoattractant. With this initial concentration, the chemoattractant gradient falls to the minimum threshold for directional sensing at the same time that the concentration drops to the optimal level for detecting gradient direction. If a higher initial chemoattractant concentration is used, the useful lifetime of the assay is likely to be shortened because receptor saturation may decrease the cells' sensitivity to the gradient; lower initial concentrations would result in too little chemoattractant for the cells to detect. Moreover, chemoattractants with higher diffusion coefficients would sustain gradients for less time. Based on previous measurements of the diffusion coefficients of the chemoattractants EGF and CXCL12, we estimate that the assay will produce gradients that cells can sense for a duration of 10 h for EGF and 5 h for CXCL12. These gradient durations are comparable to what can be achieved with the Boyden chamber assay. The analysis presented in this work facilitates determination of suitable parameters for the assay, and can be used to assess whether observed cell motility is likely due to chemotaxis or chemokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Szatmary
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christina H Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ralph Nossal
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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