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Vidal-Calvo EE, Martin-Salazar A, Choudhary S, Dagil R, Raghavan SSR, Duvnjak L, Nordmaj MA, Clausen TM, Skafte A, Oberkofler J, Wang K, Agerbæk MØ, Løppke C, Jørgensen AM, Ropac D, Mujollari J, Willis S, Garcias López A, Miller RL, Karlsson RTG, Goerdeler F, Chen YH, Colaço AR, Wang Y, Lavstsen T, Martowicz A, Nelepcu I, Marzban M, Oo HZ, Ørum-Madsen MS, Wang Y, Nielsen MA, Clausen H, Wierer M, Wolf D, Gögenur I, Theander TG, Al-Nakouzi N, Gustavsson T, Daugaard M, Salanti A. Tumor-agnostic cancer therapy using antibodies targeting oncofetal chondroitin sulfate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7553. [PMID: 39215044 PMCID: PMC11364678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular similarities between embryonic and malignant cells can be exploited to target tumors through specific signatures absent in healthy adult tissues. One such embryonic signature tumors express is oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS), which supports disease progression and dissemination in cancer. Here, we report the identification and characterization of phage display-derived antibody fragments recognizing two distinct ofCS epitopes. These antibody fragments show binding affinity to ofCS in the low nanomolar range across a broad selection of solid tumor types in vitro and in vivo with minimal binding to normal, inflamed, or benign tumor tissues. Anti-ofCS antibody drug conjugates and bispecific immune cell engagers based on these targeting moieties disrupt tumor progression in animal models of human and murine cancers. Thus, anti-ofCS antibody fragments hold promise for the development of broadly effective therapeutic and diagnostic applications targeting human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ethel Vidal-Calvo
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne Martin-Salazar
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sai Sundar Rajan Raghavan
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lara Duvnjak
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Anemone Nordmaj
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ann Skafte
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Oberkofler
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaituo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VARCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie Mundt Jørgensen
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VARCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria Ropac
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joana Mujollari
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shona Willis
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnès Garcias López
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Louise Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Torbjörn Gustav Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felix Goerdeler
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ana R Colaço
- Proteomics Research Infrastructure, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Lavstsen
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Martowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI) and Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irina Nelepcu
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institutes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mona Marzban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institutes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institutes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maj Sofie Ørum-Madsen
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institutes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institutes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Wierer
- Proteomics Research Infrastructure, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI) and Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nader Al-Nakouzi
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institutes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institutes, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- VAR2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Wisowski G, Pudełko A, Paul-Samojedny M, Komosińska-Vassev K, Koźma EM. Dermatan Sulfate Affects the Activation of the Necroptotic Effector MLKL in Breast Cancer Cell Lines via the NFκB Pathway and Rac-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2024; 14:829. [PMID: 39062543 PMCID: PMC11274702 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a glycosaminoglycan characterized by having a variable structure and wide distribution in animal tissues. We previously demonstrated that some structural variants of DS were able to rapidly induce moderate necroptosis in luminal breast cancer cells when used at a high concentration. We have now investigated the mechanisms underlying the DS-mediated activation of the necroptotic executor MLKL using immunofluorescence, Western blotting and pharmacological inhibition. The two main processes, by which DS influences the phosphorylation of MLKL, are the activation of NFκB, which demonstrates a suppressive impact, and the induction of oxidative stress, which has a stimulatory effect. Moreover, the triggering of the redox imbalance by DS occurs via the modulatory influence of this glycosaminoglycan on the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, requiring alterations in the activity of small Rho GTP-ase Rac1. All of these processes that were elicited by DS in luminal breast cancer cells showed a dependence on the structure of this glycan and the type of cancer cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that a major mechanism that is involved in the stimulation of necroptosis in luminal breast cancer cells by high doses of DS is mediated via the effect of this glycan on the activity of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Ewa M. Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
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Hviid L, Jensen AR, Deitsch KW. PfEMP1 and var genes - Still of key importance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pathogenesis and immunity. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 125:53-103. [PMID: 39095112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The most severe form of malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites, continues to be an important cause of human suffering and poverty. The P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family of clonally variant antigens, which mediates the adhesion of infected erythrocytes to the vascular endothelium in various tissues and organs, is a central component of the pathogenesis of the disease and a key target of the acquired immune response to malaria. Much new knowledge has accumulated since we published a systematic overview of the PfEMP1 family almost ten years ago. In this chapter, we therefore aim to summarize research progress since 2015 on the structure, function, regulation etc. of this key protein family of arguably the most important human parasite. Recent insights regarding PfEMP1-specific immune responses and PfEMP1-specific vaccination against malaria, as well as an outlook for the coming years are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hviid
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anja R Jensen
- Centre for translational Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirk W Deitsch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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Zheng Z, Lu X, Zhou D, Deng XF, Liu QX, Liu XB, Zhang J, Li YQ, Zheng H, Dai JG. A novel enemy of cancer: recent investigations into protozoan anti-tumor properties. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1325144. [PMID: 38274735 PMCID: PMC10808745 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1325144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health issue, despite advances in screening and treatment. While existing tumor treatment protocols such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have proven effective in enhancing the prognosis for some patients, these treatments do not benefit all patients. Consequently, certain types of cancer continue to exhibit a relatively low 5-year survival rate. Therefore, the pursuit of novel tumor intervention strategies may help improve the current effectiveness of tumor treatment. Over the past few decades, numerous species of protozoa and their components have exhibited anti-tumor potential via immune and non-immune mechanisms. This discovery introduces a new research direction for the development of new and effective cancer treatments. Through in vitro experiments and studies involving tumor-bearing mice, the anti-tumor ability of Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma cruzi, and other protozoa have unveiled diverse mechanisms by which protozoa combat cancer, demonstrating encouraging prospects for their application. In this review, we summarize the anti-tumor ability and anti-tumor mechanisms of various protozoa and explore the potential for their clinical development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Xu P, Cai X, Guan X, Xie W. Sulfoconjugation of protein peptides and glycoproteins in physiology and diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108540. [PMID: 37777160 PMCID: PMC10842354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein sulfoconjugation, or sulfation, represents a critical post-translational modification (PTM) process that involves the attachment of sulfate groups to various positions of substrates within the protein peptides or glycoproteins. This process plays a dynamic and complex role in many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we summarize the importance of sulfation in the fields of oncology, virology, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and atherosclerosis. In oncology, sulfation is involved in tumor initiation, progression, and migration. In virology, sulfation influences viral entry, replication, and host immune response. In DILI, sulfation is associated with the incidence of DILI, where altered sulfation affects drug metabolism and toxicity. In IBD, dysregulation of sulfation compromises mucosal barrier and immune response. In atherosclerosis, sulfation influences the development of atherosclerosis by modulating the accumulation of lipoprotein, and the inflammation, proliferation, and migration of smooth muscle cells. The current review underscores the importance of further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of targeting sulfoconjugation in various diseases. A better understanding of sulfation could facilitate the emergence of innovative diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinran Cai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiuchen Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Li X, Xu J, Zhao C, Yang J. Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Malaria Protein for Early Capture and Recognition of Broad-Spectrum Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12072. [PMID: 37569448 PMCID: PMC10419290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of tumors can significantly reduce the mortality rate. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a type of tumor cell that detaches from the primary tumor and circulates through the bloodstream. Monitoring CTCs may allow the early identification of tumor progression. However, due to their rarity and heterogeneity, the enrichment and identification of CTCs is still challenging. Studies have shown that Raman spectroscopy could distinguish CTCs from metastatic cancer patients. VAR2CSA, a class of malaria proteins, has a strong broad-spectrum binding effect on various tumor cells and is a promising candidate biomarker for cancer detection. Here, recombinant malaria VAR2CSA proteins were synthesized, expressed, and purified. After confirming that various types of tumor cells can be isolated from blood by recombinant malaria VAR2CSA proteins, we further proved that the VAR2CSA combined with Raman spectroscopy could be used efficiently for tumor capture and type recognition using A549 cell lines spiked into the blood. This would allow the early screening and detection of a broad spectrum of CTCs. Finally, we synthesized and purified the malaria protein fusion antibody and confirmed its in vitro tumor-killing activity. Herein, this paper exploits the theoretical basis of a novel strategy to capture, recognize, and kill broad-spectrum types of CTCs from the peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xunrong Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
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Skeltved N, Nordmaj MA, Berendtsen NT, Dagil R, Stormer EMR, Al-Nakouzi N, Jiang K, Aicher A, Heeschen C, Gustavsson T, Choudhary S, Gögenur I, Christensen JP, Theander TG, Daugaard M, Salanti A, Nielsen MA. Bispecific T cell-engager targeting oncofetal chondroitin sulfate induces complete tumor regression and protective immune memory in mice. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:106. [PMID: 37118819 PMCID: PMC10142489 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malaria protein VAR2CSA binds oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS), a unique chondroitin sulfate, expressed on almost all mammalian cancer cells. Previously, we produced a bispecific construct targeting ofCS and human T cells based on VAR2CSA and anti-CD3 (V-aCD3Hu). V-aCD3Hu showed efficacy against xenografted tumors in immunocompromised mice injected with human immune cells at the tumor site. However, the complex effects potentially exerted by the immune system as a result of the treatment cannot occur in mice without an immune system. Here we investigate the efficacy of V-aCD3Mu as a monotherapy and combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in mice with a fully functional immune system. METHODS We produced a bispecific construct consisting of a recombinant version of VAR2CSA coupled to an anti-murine CD3 single-chain variable fragment. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to check cell binding capabilities and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in vitro in a killing assay. The in vivo efficacy of V-aCD3Mu was then investigated in mice with a functional immune system and established or primary syngeneic tumors in the immunologically "cold" 4T1 mammary carcinoma, B16-F10 malignant melanoma, the pancreatic KPC mouse model, and in the immunologically "hot" CT26 colon carcinoma model. RESULTS V-aCD3Mu had efficacy as a monotherapy, and the combined treatment of V-aCD3Mu and an immune checkpoint inhibitor showed enhanced effects resulting in the complete elimination of solid tumors in the 4T1, B16-F10, and CT26 models. This anti-tumor effect was abscopal and accompanied by a systemic increase in memory and activated cytotoxic and helper T cells. The combined treatment also led to a higher percentage of memory T cells in the tumor without an increase in regulatory T cells. In addition, we observed partial protection against re-challenge in a melanoma model and full protection in a breast cancer model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that V-aCD3Mu combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor renders immunologically "cold" tumors "hot" and results in tumor elimination. Taken together, these data provide proof of concept for the further clinical development of V-aCD3 as a broad cancer therapy in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Skeltved
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie A Nordmaj
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai T Berendtsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie M R Stormer
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nader Al-Nakouzi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ke Jiang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexandra Aicher
- Precision Immunotherapy, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Var2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Var2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen and Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Var2 Pharmaceuticals ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen and, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Wilczak M, Surman M, Przybyło M. Altered Glycosylation in Progression and Management of Bladder Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083436. [PMID: 37110670 PMCID: PMC10146225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy worldwide, with an estimated 573,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths in 2020. Available therapeutic approaches are still unable to reduce the incidence of BC metastasis and the high mortality rates of BC patients. Therefore, there is a need to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One such mechanism is protein glycosylation. Numerous studies reported changes in glycan biosynthesis during neoplastic transformation, resulting in the appearance of the so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on the cell surface. TACAs affect a wide range of key biological processes, including tumor cell survival and proliferation, invasion and metastasis, induction of chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and insensitivity to apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current information on how altered glycosylation of bladder cancer cells promotes disease progression and to present the potential use of glycans for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wilczak
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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9
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Establishment and validation of a plasma oncofetal chondroitin sulfated proteoglycan for pan-cancer detection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:645. [PMID: 36746966 PMCID: PMC9902466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various biomarkers targeting cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating proteins have been tested for pan-cancer detection. Oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS), which distinctively modifies proteoglycans (PGs) of most cancer cells and binds specifically to the recombinant Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA proteins (rVAR2), is explored for its potential as a plasma biomarker in pan-cancer detection. To quantitate the plasma ofCS/ofCSPGs, we optimized an ELISA using different capture/detection pairs (rVAR2/anti-CD44, -SDC1, and -CSPG4) in a case-control study with six cancer types. We show that the plasma levels of ofCS/ofCSPGs are significantly higher in cancer patients (P values, 1.2 × 10-2 to 4.4 × 10-10). Validation studies are performed with two independent cohorts covering 11 malignant tumors. The individuals in the top decile of ofCS-CD44 have more than 27-fold cancer risk (OR = 27.8, 95%CI = 18.8-41.4, P = 2.72 × 10-62) compared with the lowest 20%. Moreover, the elevated plasma ofCS-CD44 could be detected at the early stage of pan-cancer with strong dose-dependent odds risk prediction.
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10
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Anti-Tumor Effect of Parasitic Protozoans. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080395. [PMID: 36004920 PMCID: PMC9405343 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system may aberrantly silence when against “altered self”, which consequently may develop into malignancies. With the development of tumor immunology and molecular biology, the deepened understanding of the relationship between parasites and tumors shifts the attitude towards parasitic pathogens from elimination to utilization. In recent years, the antitumor impact implemented by protozoan parasites and the derived products has been confirmed. The immune system is activated and enhanced by some protozoan parasites, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in many animal models. In this work, we reviewed the available information on the antitumor effect of parasitic infection or induced by parasitic antigen, as well as the involved immune mechanisms that modulate cancer progression. Despite the fact that clinical trials of the protozoan parasites against tumors are limited and the specific mechanisms of the effect on tumors are not totally clear, the use of genetically modified protozoan parasites and derived molecules combined with chemotherapy could be an important element for promoting antitumor treatment in the future.
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11
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Reformation of the chondroitin sulfate glycocalyx enables progression of AR-independent prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4760. [PMID: 35963852 PMCID: PMC9376089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage plasticity of prostate cancer is associated with resistance to androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibition (ARPI) and supported by a reactive tumor microenvironment. Here we show that changes in chondroitin sulfate (CS), a major glycosaminoglycan component of the tumor cell glycocalyx and extracellular matrix, is AR-regulated and promotes the adaptive progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after ARPI. AR directly represses transcription of the 4-O-sulfotransferase gene CHST11 under basal androgen conditions, maintaining steady-state CS in prostate adenocarcinomas. When AR signaling is inhibited by ARPI or lost during progression to non-AR-driven CRPC as a consequence of lineage plasticity, CHST11 expression is unleashed, leading to elevated 4-O-sulfated chondroitin levels. Inhibition of the tumor cell CS glycocalyx delays CRPC progression, and impairs growth and motility of prostate cancer after ARPI. Thus, a reactive CS glycocalyx supports adaptive survival and treatment resistance after ARPI, representing a therapeutic opportunity in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is one of the most abundant glycosaminoglycans in prostate cancers. Here the authors show that inhibition of the androgen receptor pathway leads to the upregulation of CS, which promotes prostate cancer growth and metastasis.
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12
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Biomimetic Nanotherapeutics: Employing Nanoghosts to fight Melanoma. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:157-174. [PMID: 35787429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cancer of melanocytes present at the basal layer of the skin. Nanomedicine has armed us with competent platform to manage such fatal neoplastic diseases. Nevertheless, it suffers from numerous pitfalls such as rapid clearance and opsonization of surface-functionalized carriers, biocompatibility and idiopathic reactions which could be difficult to predict in the patient. Biomimetic approach, a novel step towards personalized medicine bridges these drawbacks by employing endogenous cell membranes to traverse physiological barriers. Camouflaged carriers coated with natural cell membranes possess unique characteristics such as high circulatory periods, and the absence of allogenic and xenogenic responses. Proteins residing on the cell membranes render a diverse range of utilities to the coated nanoparticles including natural efficiency to identify cellular targets, homologous targeting, reticuloendothelial system evasion, biocompatibility and reduced adverse and idiopathic effects. In the present article, we have focused on cell membrane camouflaged nanocarriers for melanoma management. We have discussed various types of biomimetic systems, their processing and coating approaches, and their characterization. We have also enumerated novel avenues in melanoma treatment and the combination of biomimetic systems with smart nanoparticulate systems with the potential to bring breakthroughs in the near future. Additionally, immunotherapy-based biomimetic systems to combat melanoma have been highlighted. Hurdles towards clinical translation and ways to overcome them have been explained in detail.
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13
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Wang CK, Nelepcu I, Hui D, Oo HZ, Truong S, Zhao S, Tahiry Z, Esfandnia S, Ghaidi F, Adomat H, Dagil R, Gustavsson T, Choudhary S, Salanti A, Sorensen PH, Al Nakouzi N, Daugaard M. Internalization and trafficking of CSPG-bound recombinant VAR2CSA lectins in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3075. [PMID: 35197518 PMCID: PMC8866492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are proteins that are modified with glycosaminoglycan chains. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are currently being exploited as targets for drug-delivery in various cancer indications, however basic knowledge on how CSPGs are internalized in tumor cells is lacking. In this study we took advantage of a recombinant CSPG-binding lectin VAR2CSA (rVAR2) to track internalization and cell fate of CSPGs in tumor cells. We found that rVAR2 is internalized into cancer cells via multiple internalization mechanisms after initial docking on cell surface CSPGs. Regardless of the internalization pathway used, CSPG-bound rVAR2 was trafficked to the early endosomes in an energy-dependent manner but not further transported to the lysosomal compartment. Instead, internalized CSPG-bound rVAR2 proteins were secreted with exosomes to the extracellular environment in a strictly chondroitin sulfate-dependent manner. In summary, our work describes the cell fate of rVAR2 proteins in tumor cells after initial binding to CSPGs, which can be further used to inform development of rVAR2-drug conjugates and other therapeutics targeting CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kedong Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Irina Nelepcu
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Desmond Hui
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Truong
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Zhao
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zakir Tahiry
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nader Al Nakouzi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,VAR2 Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Topa J, Grešner P, Żaczek AJ, Markiewicz A. Breast cancer circulating tumor cells with mesenchymal features-an unreachable target? Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:81. [PMID: 35048186 PMCID: PMC8770434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) mediate dissemination of solid tumors and can be an early sign of disease progression. Moreover, they show a great potential in terms of non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of cancer patients. CTCs have been extensively studied in breast cancer (BC) and were shown to present a significant phenotypic plasticity connected with initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Apart from conferring malignant properties, EMT affects CTCs recovery rate, making a significant portion of CTCs from patients’ samples undetected. Wider application of methods and markers designed to isolate and identify mesenchymal CTCs is required to expand our knowledge about the clinical impact of mesenchymal CTCs. Therefore, here we provide a comprehensive review of clinical significance of mesenchymal CTCs in BC together with statistical analysis of previously published data, in which we assessed the suitability of a number of methods/markers used for isolation of CTCs with different EMT phenotypes, both in in vitro spike-in tests with BC cell lines, as well as clinical samples. Results of spiked-in cell lines indicate that, in general, methods not based on epithelial enrichment only, capture mesenchymal CTCs much more efficiently that CellSearch® (golden standard in CTCs detection), but at the same time are not much inferior to Cell Search®, though large variation in recovery rates of added cells among the methods is observed. In clinical samples, where additional CTCs detection markers are needed, positive epithelial-based CTCs enrichment was the most efficient in isolating CTCs with mesenchymal features from non-metastatic BC patients. From the marker side, PI3K and VIM were contributing the most to detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features (in comparison to SNAIL) in non-metastatic and metastatic BC patients, respectively. However, additional data are needed for more robust identification of markers for efficient detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Topa
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Peter Grešner
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna J Żaczek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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15
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Wu ZY, He YQ, Wang TM, Yang DW, Li DH, Deng CM, Cao LJ, Zhang JB, Xue WQ, Jia WH. Glycogenes in Oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate Biosynthesis are Differently Expressed and Correlated With Immune Response in Placenta and Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763875. [PMID: 34966741 PMCID: PMC8710744 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncofetal chondroitin sulfate expression plays an important role in the development of tumors and the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy. However, the biosynthesis and functions of these chondroitin sulfates, particularly the tissue-specific regulation either in tumors or placenta, have not been fully elucidated. Here, by examining the glycogenes availability in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis such as xylosytransferase, chondroitin synthase, sulfotransferase, and epimerase, the conserved or differential CS glycosylation in normal, colorectal cancer (CRC), and placenta tissue were predicted. We found that the expression of seven chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic enzymes, namely B4GALT7, B3GALT6, B3GAT3, CHSY3, CHSY1, CHPF, and CHPF2, were significantly increased, while four other enzymes (XYLT1, CHST7, CHST15, and UST) were decreased in the colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) patients. In the human placenta, where the distinct chondroitin sulfate is specifically bound with VAR2CSA on Plasmodium parasite-infected RBC, eight chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis enzymes (CSGALNACT1, CSGALNACT2, CHSY3, CHSY1, CHPF, DSE, CHST11, and CHST3) were significantly higher than the normal colon tissue. The similarly up-regulated chondroitin synthases (CHSY1, CHSY3, and CHPF) in both cancer tissue and human placenta indicate an important role of the proteoglycan CS chains length for Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA protein binding. Interestingly, twelve highly expressed chondroitin sulfate enzymes were significantly correlated to worse outcomes (prognosis) in both COAD and READ. Furthermore, we showed that the levels of chondroitin sulfate enzymes are significantly correlated with the expression of immuno-regulators and immune infiltration levels in CRCs and placenta, and involved in multiple essential pathways, such as extracellular matrix organization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell adhesion. Our study provides novel insights into the oncofetal chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis regulation and identifies promising targets and biomarkers of immunotherapy for CRC and malaria in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Mi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Chu YH, Liao WC, Ho YJ, Huang CH, Tseng TJ, Liu CH. Targeting Chondroitin Sulfate Reduces Invasiveness of Glioma Cells by Suppressing CD44 and Integrin β1 Expression. Cells 2021; 10:3594. [PMID: 34944101 PMCID: PMC8700349 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major component of the extracellular matrix found to be abnormally accumulated in several types of cancer tissues. Previous studies have indicated that CS synthases and modification enzymes are frequently elevated in human gliomas and are associated with poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of CS in cancer progression and approaches for interrupting its functions in cancer cells remain largely unexplored. Here, we have found that CS was significantly enriched surrounding the vasculature in a subset of glioma tissues, which was akin to the perivascular niche for cancer-initiating cells. Silencing or overexpression of the major CS synthase, chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1), significantly regulated the glioma cell invasive phenotypes and modulated integrin expression. Furthermore, we identified CD44 as a crucial chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) that was modified by CHSY1 on glioma cells, and the suppression of CS formation on CD44 by silencing the CHSY1-inhibited interaction between CD44 and integrin β1 on the adhesion complex. Moreover, we tested the CS-specific binding peptide, resulting in the suppression of glioma cell mobility in a fashion similar to that observed upon the silencing of CHSY1. In addition, the peptide demonstrated significant affinity to CD44, promoted CD44 degradation, and suppressed integrin β1 expression in glioma cells. Overall, this study proposes a potential regulatory loop between CS, CD44, and integrin β1 in glioma cells, and highlights the importance of CS in CD44 stability. Furthermore, the targeting of CS by specific binding peptides has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hung Chu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (T.-J.T.)
| | - Wen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (T.-J.T.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Ho
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hsien Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (T.-J.T.)
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (T.-J.T.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (T.-J.T.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
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17
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Detection of VAR2CSA-Captured Colorectal Cancer Cells from Blood Samples by Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235881. [PMID: 34884994 PMCID: PMC8657034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells are cancer cells that have entered blood or lymphatic vessels wherefrom they might get access to distant body parts and form metastases. The presence of cancer cells in a blood sample can be exploited for non-invasive diagnostic purposes. However, as blood consists of a vast number of healthy red and white blood cells the task of identifying the few potential cancer cells in a sample is a technical challenge. In this study we explore strategies for detecting circulating tumor cells after a pre-enrichment through binding to VAR2CSA protein coupled to magnetic beads. We evaluate the performance of a novel workflow that recognizes and detects the cancer cells based on their gene expression and compare this with the more traditional detection strategy using antibodies for cell staining. The highly sensitive assay presented here could potentially provide a novel strategy for early cancer detection. Abstract Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples provides a non-invasive approach for early cancer detection. However, the rarity of CTCs makes it challenging to establish assays with the required sensitivity and specificity. We combine a highly sensitive CTC capture assay exploiting the cancer cell binding recombinant malaria VAR2CSA protein (rVAR2) with the detection of colon-related mRNA transcripts (USH1C and CKMT1A). Cancer cell transcripts are detected by RT-qPCR using proprietary Target Enrichment Long-probe Quantitative Amplified Signal (TELQAS) technology. We validate each step of the workflow using colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines spiked into blood and compare this with antibody-based cell detection. USH1C and CKMT1A are expressed in healthy colon tissue and CRC cell lines, while only low-level expression can be detected in healthy white blood cells (WBCs). The qPCR reaction shows a near-perfect amplification efficiency for all primer targets with minimal interference of WBC cDNA. Spike-in of 10 cancer cells in 3 mL blood can be detected and statistically separated from control blood using the RT-qPCR assay after rVAR2 capture (p < 0.01 for both primer targets, Mann-Whitney test). Our results provide a validated workflow for highly sensitive detection of magnetically enriched cancer cells.
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18
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Oliveira T, Zhang M, Joo EJ, Abdel-Azim H, Chen CW, Yang L, Chou CH, Qin X, Chen J, Alagesan K, Almeida A, Jacob F, Packer NH, von Itzstein M, Heisterkamp N, Kolarich D. Glycoproteome remodeling in MLL-rearranged B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9519-9537. [PMID: 34646384 PMCID: PMC8490503 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) with mixed-lineage leukemia gene rearrangement (MLL-r) is a poor-prognosis subtype for which additional therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Currently no multi-omics data set for primary MLL r patient cells exists that integrates transcriptomics, proteomics and glycomics to gain an inclusive picture of theranostic targets. Methods: We have integrated transcriptomics, proteomics and glycomics to i) obtain the first inclusive picture of primary patient BCP-ALL cells and identify molecular signatures that distinguish leukemic from normal precursor B-cells and ii) better understand the benefits and limitations of the applied technologies to deliver deep molecular sequence data across major cellular biopolymers. Results: MLL-r cells feature an extensive remodeling of their glycocalyx, with increased levels of Core 2-type O-glycans and complex N-glycans as well as significant changes in sialylation and fucosylation. Notably, glycosaminoglycan remodeling from chondroitin sulfate to heparan sulfate was observed. A survival screen, to determine if glycan remodeling enzymes are redundant, identified MGAT1 and NGLY1, essential components of the N-glycosylation/degradation pathway, as highly relevant within this in vitro screening. OGT and OGA, unique enzymes that regulate intracellular O-GlcNAcylation, were also indispensable. Transcriptomics and proteomics further identified Fes and GALNT7-mediated glycosylation as possible therapeutic targets. While there is overall good correlation between transcriptomics and proteomics data, we demonstrate that a systematic combined multi-omics approach delivers important diagnostic information that is missed when applying a single omics technology. Conclusions: Apart from confirming well-known MLL-r BCP-ALL glycoprotein markers, our integrated multi-omics workflow discovered previously unidentified diagnostic/therapeutic protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Oliveira
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Hsing Chou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Kathirvel Alagesan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreia Almeida
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Francis Jacob
- Glyco-Oncology, Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, QLD and Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.,✉ Corresponding authors: Equal contributions of Nora Heisterkamp, E-mail: ; and Daniel Kolarich, E-mail:
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Griffith University, QLD and Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.,✉ Corresponding authors: Equal contributions of Nora Heisterkamp, E-mail: ; and Daniel Kolarich, E-mail:
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19
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Oo HZ, Lohinai Z, Khazamipour N, Lo J, Kumar G, Pihl J, Adomat H, Nabavi N, Behmanesh H, Zhai B, Dagil R, Choudhary S, Gustavsson T, Clausen TM, Esko JD, Allen JW, Thompson MA, Tran NL, Moldvay J, Dome B, Salanti A, Al-Nakouzi N, Weiss GJ, Daugaard M. Oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate Is a Highly Expressed Therapeutic Target in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4489. [PMID: 34503301 PMCID: PMC8430715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum therapeutics in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are in demand. Most human solid tumors express proteoglycans modified with distinct oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains that can be detected and targeted with recombinant VAR2CSA (rVAR2) proteins and rVAR2-derived therapeutics. Here, we investigated expression and targetability of oncofetal CS expression in human NSCLC. High oncofetal CS expression is associated with shorter disease-free survival and poor overall survival of clinically annotated stage I and II NSCLC patients (n = 493). Oncofetal CS qualifies as an independent prognosticator of NSCLC in males and smokers, and high oncofetal CS levels are more prevalent in EGFR/KRAS wild-type cases, as compared to mutation cases. NSCLC cell lines express oncofetal CS-modified proteoglycans that can be specifically detected and targeted by rVAR2 proteins in a CSA-dependent manner. Importantly, a novel VAR2-drug conjugate (VDC-MMAE) efficiently eliminates NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. In summary, oncofetal CS is a prognostic biomarker and an actionable glycosaminoglycan target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Zoltan Lohinai
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.L.); (J.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Nastaran Khazamipour
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Joey Lo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Jessica Pihl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (T.M.C.); (J.D.E.)
| | - Hans Adomat
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Hakhamanesh Behmanesh
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Beibei Zhai
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Robert Dagil
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.D.); (S.C.); (T.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.D.); (S.C.); (T.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.D.); (S.C.); (T.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Thomas M. Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (T.M.C.); (J.D.E.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (T.M.C.); (J.D.E.)
| | | | | | - Nhan L. Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.L.); (J.M.); (B.D.)
- MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.L.); (J.M.); (B.D.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Salanti
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.D.); (S.C.); (T.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Nader Al-Nakouzi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | | | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (H.Z.O.); (N.K.); (J.L.); (G.K.); (H.A.); (N.N.); (H.B.); (B.Z.); (N.A.-N.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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20
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Zhou M, Lai W, Li G, Wang F, Liu W, Liao J, Yang H, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Tang Q, Hu C, Huang J, Zhang R. Platelet Membrane-Coated and VAR2CSA Malaria Protein-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Targeted Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25635-25648. [PMID: 34038097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients. The efficacy of pharmacological therapy for cancer is limited by the heterogeneous nature of cancer cells and the lack of knowledge of microenvironments in metastasis. Evidence has shown that activated platelets possess both tumor-homing and metastasis-targeting properties via intrinsic cell adhesion molecules on platelets, and malaria protein VAR2CSA is able to specifically bind to oncofetal chondroitin sulfate, which is overexpressed on cancer cells with both epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Inspired by these mechanisms, we developed a recombinant VAR2CSA peptide (rVAR2)-modified activated platelet-mimicking nanoparticles (rVAR2-PM/PLGA-ss-HA) by coating the surface of disulfide-containing biodegradable PLGA conjugate nanoparticles (PLGA-ss-HA) with an activated platelet membrane. The results demonstrated that the engineered 122 nm rVAR2-PM/PLGA-ss-HA inherited the innate properties of the activated platelet membrane and achieved enhanced homing to both primary and metastatic foci. The nanoparticles were endocytosed and responded to a high intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione, resulting in nanoparticle disintegration and the release of chemotherapeutic drugs to kill tumor cells. Thus, rVAR2-decorated activated platelet-targeting nanoparticles with controlled drug release provide a promising drug delivery strategy for efficient treatment of primary and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Jiaxing Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
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21
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Ellis T, Eze E, Raimi-Abraham BT. Malaria and Cancer: a critical review on the established associations and new perspectives. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:33. [PMID: 33985540 PMCID: PMC8117320 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cancer and malaria both have high incidence rates and are leading causes of mortality worldwide, especially in low and middle-income countries with reduced access to the quality healthcare. The objective of this critical review was to summarize key associations and new perspectives between the two diseases as is reported in existing literature. Methods A critical review of research articles published between 1st January 2000 – 1st July 2020 which yielded 1753 articles. These articles were screened based on a precise inclusion criteria. Eighty-nine eligible articles were identified and further evaluated. Results Many articles reported anti-cancer activities of anti-malarial medicines, including Artemisinin and its derivatives. Other articles investigated the use of chemotherapy in areas burdened by malaria, treatment complications that malaria may cause for cancer patients as well as ways to circumvent cancer related drug resistance. Potential novel targets for cancer treatment, were identified namely oncofoetal chondroitin sulphate and haem, as well as the use of circumsporozoite proteins. A number of articles also discussed Burkitt lymphoma or febrile neutropenia. Conclusions Overall, excluding for Burkitt lymphoma, the relationship between cancer and malaria requires further extensive research in order to define association. There great potential promising new novel anti-cancer therapies using anti-malarial drugs. Graphical abstract Created using BioRender![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Ellis
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elvis Eze
- Malaria no More UK, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, Vauxhall, London, SE11 5RR, UK
| | - Bahijja Tolulope Raimi-Abraham
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo Campus, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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22
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Nordmaj MA, Roberts ME, Sachse ES, Dagil R, Andersen AP, Skeltved N, Grunddal KV, Erdoğan SM, Choudhary S, Gustsavsson T, Ørum-Madsen MS, Moskalev I, Tian W, Yang Z, Clausen TM, Theander TG, Daugaard M, Nielsen MA, Salanti A. Development of a bispecific immune engager using a recombinant malaria protein. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:353. [PMID: 33824272 PMCID: PMC8024270 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As an immune evasion and survival strategy, the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite has evolved a protein named VAR2CSA. This protein mediates sequestration of infected red blood cells in the placenta through the interaction with a unique carbohydrate abundantly and exclusively present in the placenta. Cancer cells were found to share the same expression of this distinct carbohydrate, termed oncofetal chondroitin sulfate on their surface. In this study we have used a protein conjugation system to produce a bispecific immune engager, V-aCD3, based on recombinant VAR2CSA as the cancer targeting moiety and an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment linked to a single-chain Fc as the immune engager. Conjugation of these two proteins resulted in a single functional moiety that induced immune mediated killing of a broad range of cancer cells in vitro and facilitated tumor arrest in an orthotopic bladder cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie A Nordmaj
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morgan E Roberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emilie S Sachse
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Poder Andersen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Skeltved
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare V Grunddal
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sayit Mahmut Erdoğan
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustsavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Sofie Ørum-Madsen
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Igor Moskalev
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Pepi LE, Sanderson P, Stickney M, Amster IJ. Developments in Mass Spectrometry for Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: A Review. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100025. [PMID: 32938749 PMCID: PMC8724624 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis via mass spectrometry (MS). GAGs participate in a variety of biological functions, including cellular communication, wound healing, and anticoagulation, and are important targets for structural characterization. GAGs exhibit a diverse range of structural features due to the variety of O- and N-sulfation modifications and uronic acid C-5 epimerization that can occur, making their analysis a challenging target. Mass spectrometry approaches to the structure assignment of GAGs have been widely investigated, and new methodologies remain the subject of development. Advances in sample preparation, tandem MS techniques (MS/MS), online separations, and automated analysis software have advanced the field of GAG analysis. These recent developments have led to remarkable improvements in the precision and time efficiency for the structural characterization of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Pepi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Morgan Stickney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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24
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Liu CH, Kuo YC, Wang CY, Hsu CC, Ho YJ, Chiang YC, Mai FD, Lin WJ, Liao WC. Syndecan-3 contributes to the regulation of the microenvironment at the node of Ranvier following end-to‑side neurorrhaphy: sodium image analysis. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:355-367. [PMID: 33170350 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-3 (SDC3) and Syndecan-4 (SDC4) are distributed throughout the nervous system (NS) and are favourable factors in motor neuron development. They are also essential for regulation of neurite outgrowth in the CNS. However, their roles in the reconstruction of the nodes of Ranvier after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are still unclear. Present study used an in vivo model of end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ESN) for 1-3 months. The recovery of neuromuscular function was evaluated by grooming test. Expression and co-localization of SDC3, SDC4, and Nav1.6 channel (Nav1.6) at regenerating axons were detected by proximity ligation assay and confocal microscopy after ESN. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was used for imaging ions distribution on tissue. Our data showed that the re-clustering of sodium and Nav1.6 at nodal regions of the regenerating nerve corresponded to the distribution of SDC3 after ESN. Furthermore, the re-establishment of sodium and Nav1.6 correlated with the recovery of muscle power 3 months after ESN. This study suggested syndecans may involve in stabilizing Nav1.6 and further modulate the distribution of sodium at nodal regions after remyelination. The efficiency of sodium re-clustering was improved by the assistance of anionic syndecan, resulting in a better functional repair of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Kuo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Ho
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Mai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jhih Lin
- Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, 56 Shu-Jen Road, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, 33304, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
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25
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Ahrens TD, Bang-Christensen SR, Jørgensen AM, Løppke C, Spliid CB, Sand NT, Clausen TM, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. The Role of Proteoglycans in Cancer Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:749. [PMID: 32984308 PMCID: PMC7479181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are accessible by liquid biopsies via an easy blood draw. They represent not only the primary tumor site, but also potential metastatic lesions, and could thus be an attractive supplement for cancer diagnostics. However, the analysis of rare CTCs in billions of normal blood cells is still technically challenging and novel specific CTC markers are needed. The formation of metastasis is a complex process supported by numerous molecular alterations, and thus novel CTC markers might be found by focusing on this process. One example of this is specific changes in the cancer cell glycocalyx, which is a network on the cell surface composed of carbohydrate structures. Proteoglycans are important glycocalyx components and consist of a protein core and covalently attached long glycosaminoglycan chains. A few CTC assays have already utilized proteoglycans for both enrichment and analysis of CTCs. Nonetheless, the biological function of proteoglycans on clinical CTCs has not been studied in detail so far. Therefore, the present review describes proteoglycan functions during the metastatic cascade to highlight their importance to CTCs. We also outline current approaches for CTC assays based on targeting proteoglycans by their protein cores or their glycosaminoglycan chains. Lastly, we briefly discuss important technical aspects, which should be considered for studying proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa D. Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara R. Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B. Spliid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicolai T. Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ø. Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Moeller SL, Nyengaard JR, Larsen LG, Nielsen K, Bygbjerg IC, Msemo OA, Lusingu JPA, Minja DTR, Theander TG, Schmiegelow C. Malaria in Early Pregnancy and the Development of the Placental Vasculature. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1425-1434. [PMID: 30590576 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy malaria has a negative impact on fetal outcome. It is uncertain whether infections in early pregnancy have a clinical impact by impeding the development of the placental vasculature. METHODS Tanzanian women (n = 138) were closely monitored during pregnancy. Placentas collected at birth were investigated using stereology to establish the characteristics of placental villi and vessels. Placental vasculature measures were compared between women infected with malaria and controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, placentas from women infected with malaria before a gestational age (GA) of 15 weeks had a decreased volume of transport villi (mean decrease [standard deviation], 12.45 [5.39] cm3; P = .02), an increased diffusion distance in diffusion vessels (mean increase, 3.33 [1.27] µm; P = .01), and a compensatory increase in diffusion vessel surface area (mean increase, 1.81 [0.74 m2]; P = .02). In women who had malaria before a GA of 15 weeks diffusion vessel surface area and transport vessel length distance were positive predictors for birth weight (multilinear regression: P = .007 and P = .055 for diffusion surface area and transport length, respectively) and GA at delivery (P = .005 and P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Malaria infection in early pregnancy impedes placental vascular development. The resulting phenotypic changes, which can be detected at delivery, are associated with birth weight and gestational length. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02191683.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Lise G Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | | | - Ib C Bygbjerg
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health
| | | | - John P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | | | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen
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27
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Toledo AG, Pihl J, Spliid CB, Persson A, Nilsson J, Pereira MA, Gustavsson T, Choudhary S, Oo HZ, Black PC, Daugaard M, Esko JD, Larson G, Salanti A, Clausen TM. An affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics workflow to profile the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that interact with malarial VAR2CSA in the placenta and in cancer. Glycobiology 2020; 30:989-1002. [PMID: 32337544 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the placental receptor for the VAR2CSA malaria protein, expressed at the surface of infected erythrocytes during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Infected cells adhere to syncytiotrophoblasts or get trapped within the intervillous space by binding to a determinant in a 4-O-sulfated CS chains. However, the exact structure of these glycan sequences remains unclear. VAR2CSA-reactive CS is also expressed by tumor cells, making it an attractive target for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. The identities of the proteoglycans carrying these modifications in placental and cancer tissues remain poorly characterized. This information is clinically relevant since presentation of the glycan chains may be mediated by novel core proteins or by a limited subset of established proteoglycans. To address this question, VAR2CSA-binding proteoglycans were affinity-purified from the human placenta, tumor tissues and cancer cells and analyzed through a specialized glycoproteomics workflow. We show that VAR2CSA-reactive CS chains associate with a heterogenous group of proteoglycans, including novel core proteins. Additionally, this work demonstrates how affinity purification in combination with glycoproteomics analysis can facilitate the characterization of CSPGs with distinct CS epitopes. A similar workflow can be applied to investigate the interaction of CSPGs with other CS binding lectins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gómez Toledo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Pihl
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B Spliid
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marina Ayres Pereira
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandel Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Optimization of rVAR2-Based Isolation of Cancer Cells in Blood for Building a Robust Assay for Clinical Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072401. [PMID: 32244341 PMCID: PMC7178266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and monitoring of cancer progression is key to successful treatment. Therefore, much research is invested in developing technologies, enabling effective and valuable use of non-invasive liquid biopsies. This includes the detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples. Recombinant malaria protein VAR2CSA (rVAR2) binds a unique chondroitin sulfate modification present on the vast majority of cancers and thereby holds promise as a near-universal tumor cell-targeting reagent to isolate CTCs from complex blood samples. This study describes a technical approach for optimizing the coupling of rVAR2 to magnetic beads and the development of a CTC isolation platform targeting a range of different cancer cell lines. We investigate both direct and indirect approaches for rVAR2-mediated bead retrieval of cancer cells and conclude that an indirect capture approach is most effective for rVAR2-based cancer cell retrieval.
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29
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Oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate: A Putative Therapeutic Target in Adult and Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040818. [PMID: 32231047 PMCID: PMC7226838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors remain a major challenge for targeted therapeutic intervention strategies such as antibody-drug conjugates and immunotherapy. At a minimum, clear and actionable solid tumor targets have to comply with the key biological requirement of being differentially over-expressed in solid tumors and metastasis, in contrast to healthy organs. Oncofetal chondroitin sulfate is a cancer-specific secondary glycosaminoglycan modification to proteoglycans expressed in a variety of solid tumors and metastasis. Normally, this modification is found to be exclusively expressed in the placenta, where it is thought to facilitate normal placental implantation during pregnancy. Informed by this biology, oncofetal chondroitin sulfate is currently under investigation as a broad and specific target in solid tumors. Here, we discuss oncofetal chondroitin sulfate as a potential therapeutic target in childhood solid tumors in the context of current knowhow obtained over the past five years in adult cancers.
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30
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Raskov H, Orhan A, Salanti A, Gögenur I. Premetastatic niches, exosomes and circulating tumor cells: Early mechanisms of tumor dissemination and the relation to surgery. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:3244-3255. [PMID: 31808150 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The physiological stress response to surgery promotes wound healing and functional recovery and includes the activation of neural, inflammatory and proangiogenic signaling pathways. Paradoxically, the same pathways also promote metastatic spread and growth of residual cancer. Human and animal studies show that cancer surgery can increase survival, migration and proliferation of residual tumor cells. To secure the survival and growth of disseminated tumor cells, the formation of premetastatic niches in target organs involves a complex interplay between microenvironment, immune system, circulating tumor cells, as well as chemical mediators and exosomes secreted by the primary tumor. This review describes the current understanding of the early mechanisms of dissemination, as well as how surgery may facilitate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Raskov
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Adile Orhan
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Zhang J, Sun B, Zhang K, Chen Z, Yang W, Wu G, Tian L, Xiao Z, Zhang B, Chen S, Le A, Qian Y, Ye S, Zhai R, Fan X. Screening and surveillance of multiple solid tumours using plasma placental-like chondroitin sulfate A (pl-CSA). Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:161-169. [PMID: 32038099 PMCID: PMC6990888 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Placental-like chondroitin sulfate A (pl-CSA) is known to be exclusively synthesized in multiple cancer tissues and associated with disease severity. Here, we aimed to assess whether pl-CSA is released into bio-fluids and can serve as a cancer biomarker. Methods: A novel ELISA was developed to analyse pl-CSA content in bio-fluids using pl-CSA binding protein and an anti-pl-CSA antibody. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue chips was used as the gold standard control. Results: The developed ELISA method was specific and sensitive (1.22 μg/ml). The pl-CSA content was significantly higher in lysates and supernatants of cancer cell lines than in those of normal cell lines, in plasma from mouse cancer models than in that from control mice, and in plasma from patients with oesophageal, cervical, ovarian, or lung cancer than in that from healthy controls. Similar to the tissue chip analysis, which showed a significant difference in pl-CSA positivity between cancer tissues and normal adjacent tissues, the plasma pl-CSA analysis had 100% sensitivity and specificity for differentiating oesophageal and lung cancer patients from healthy controls. Importantly, in oesophageal and lung cancer patients, the pl-CSA content was significantly higher in late-stage disease than in early-stage disease, and it dramatically decreased after surgical resection of the tumour. Conclusion: These data indicate a direct link between plasma pl-CSA content and tumour presence, indicating that plasma pl-CSA may be a non-invasive biomarker with clinical applicability for the screening and surveillance of patients with multiple types of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, "Double First-Class" Applied Characteristic Discipline of Bioengineering in Hunan High Educational Institution, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Beini Sun
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuzhou People's Hospital, Wuzhou, 54300, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Carson Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guodong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Tian
- Carson Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhonglin Xiao
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Aiwen Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Youhui Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaowu Ye
- Department of Oncology, Wuzhou People's Hospital, Wuzhou, 54300, China
| | - Rihong Zhai
- Carson Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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32
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Chondroitin sulfate content and decorin expression in glioblastoma are associated with proliferative activity of glioma cells and disease prognosis. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:147-155. [PMID: 31773303 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are important components of brain extracellular matrix (ECM), although their contribution in gliomagenesis remains underinvestigated. Here, both chondroitin sulfate (CS) content/distribution and expression of a number of CSPG core proteins were studied in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumours with different prognosis (n = 40) using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis. Survival rates for clinically different patient groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox model. CS content was increased in 60-65% of studied GBM tumours and distributed heterogeneously, mainly at perinecrotic and perivascular zones rather than tumour cells with specific morphology. CS accumulation, especially in the tumour extracellular matrix, was positively associated with the proliferative activity of GBM cells according to theKi67 index (p < 0.01) but revealed no significant association with age or sex of the patients, tumour localisation, relapse or disease outcome. The increase in CS content in GBM tumours was accompanied by upregulation of decorin (1.5-fold), biglycan (3-fold) and serglycin (2-fold) expression (p < 0.05), while only decorin expression level was negatively associated with the overall survival rate of the GBM patients (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate a contribution of CS to high intratumoural heterogeneity of GBM and suggest CS content and decorin expression for further investigation as potential microenvironmental glycomarkers/targets for GBM diagnostics and treatment.
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33
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Bang-Christensen SR, Pedersen RS, Pereira MA, Clausen TM, Løppke C, Sand NT, Ahrens TD, Jørgensen AM, Lim YC, Goksøyr L, Choudhary S, Gustavsson T, Dagil R, Daugaard M, Sander AF, Torp MH, Søgaard M, Theander TG, Østrup O, Lassen U, Hamerlik P, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. Capture and Detection of Circulating Glioma Cells Using the Recombinant VAR2CSA Malaria Protein. Cells 2019; 8:E998. [PMID: 31466397 PMCID: PMC6769911 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Although extracranial metastases are rarely observed, recent studies have shown the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of glioma patients, confirming that a subset of tumor cells are capable of entering the circulation. The isolation and characterization of CTCs could provide a non-invasive method for repeated analysis of the mutational and phenotypic state of the tumor during the course of disease. However, the efficient detection of glioma CTCs has proven to be challenging due to the lack of consistently expressed tumor markers and high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Thus, for this field to progress, an omnipresent but specific marker of glioma CTCs is required. In this article, we demonstrate how the recombinant malaria VAR2CSA protein (rVAR2) can be used for the capture and detection of glioma cell lines that are spiked into blood through binding to a cancer-specific oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS). When using rVAR2 pull-down from glioma cells, we identified a panel of proteoglycans, known to be essential for glioma progression. Finally, the clinical feasibility of this work is supported by the rVAR2-based isolation and detection of CTCs from glioma patient blood samples, which highlights ofCS as a potential clinical target for CTC isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus S Pedersen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina A Pereira
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai T Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresa D Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie M Jørgensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC V6H 3Z6 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adam F Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias H Torp
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Søgaard
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, SCION-DTU Science Park, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Manou D, Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD. Tumorigenic functions of serglycin: Regulatory roles in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and oncogenic signaling. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:108-115. [PMID: 31279836 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies point out serglycin as an important regulator of tumorigenesis in a variety of malignancies. Serglycin expression correlates with the aggressive phenotype of tumor cells and serves as a poor prognostic indicator for disease progression. Although serglycin is considered as an intracellular proteoglycan, it is also secreted in the extracellular matrix by tumor cells affecting cell properties, oncogenic signaling and exosomes cargo. Serglycin directly interacts with CD44 and possibly other cell surface receptors including integrins, evoking cell adhesion and signaling. Serglycin also creates a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment by regulating the secretion of proteolytic enzymes, IL-8, TGFβ2, CCL2, VEGF and HGF. Hence, serglycin activates multiple signaling cascades that drive angiogenesis, tumor cell growth, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cancer cell stemness and metastasis. The interference with the tumorigenic functions of serglycin emerges as an attractive prospect to target malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece.
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35
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Dhar C, Sasmal A, Varki A. From "Serum Sickness" to "Xenosialitis": Past, Present, and Future Significance of the Non-human Sialic Acid Neu5Gc. Front Immunol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31057542 PMCID: PMC6481270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of "serum sickness" more than a century ago in humans transfused with animal sera eventually led to identification of a class of human antibodies directed against glycans terminating in the common mammalian sialic acid N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), hereafter called "Neu5Gc-glycans." The detection of such glycans in malignant and fetal human tissues initially raised the possibility that it was an oncofetal antigen. However, "serum sickness" antibodies were also noted in various human disease states. These findings spurred further research on Neu5Gc, and the discovery that it is not synthesized in the human body due to a human-lineage specific genetic mutation in the enzyme CMAH. However, with more sensitive techniques Neu5Gc-glycans were detected in smaller quantities on certain human cell types, particularly epithelia and endothelia. The likely explanation is metabolic incorporation of Neu5Gc from dietary sources, especially red meat of mammalian origin. This incorporated Neu5Gc on glycans appears to be the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen," against which varying levels of "xeno-autoantibodies" are present in all humans. The resulting chronic inflammation or "xenosialitis" may have important implications in human health and disease, especially in conditions known to be aggravated by consumption of red meat. In this review, we will cover the early history of the discovery of "serum sickness" antibodies, the subsequent recognition that they were partly directed against Neu5Gc-glycans, the discovery of the genetic defect eliminating Neu5Gc production in humans, and the later recognition that this was not an oncofetal antigen but the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen." Further, we will present comments about implications for disease risks associated with red meat consumption such as cancer and atherosclerosis. We will also mention the potential utility of these anti-Neu5Gc-glycan antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and provide some suggestions and perspectives for the future. Other reviews in this special issue cover many other aspects of this unusual pathological process, for which there appears to be no other described precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Dhar
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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36
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Schmiegelow C, Matondo S, Minja DTR, Resende M, Pehrson C, Nielsen BB, Olomi R, Nielsen MA, Deloron P, Salanti A, Lusingu J, Theander TG. Plasmodium falciparum Infection Early in Pregnancy has Profound Consequences for Fetal Growth. J Infect Dis 2019; 216:1601-1610. [PMID: 29029247 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria during pregnancy constitutes a large health problem in areas of endemicity. The World Health Organization recommends that interventions are initiated at the first antenatal visit, and these improve pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated fetal growth by ultrasonography and birth outcomes in women who were infected prior to the first antenatal visit (gestational age, <120 days) and not later in pregnancy. Compared with uninfected controls, women with early Plasmodium falciparum exposure had retarded intrauterine growth between gestational ages of 212 and 253 days (difference between means, 107 g [95% confidence interval {CI}, 26-188]; P = .0099) and a shorter pregnancy duration (difference between means, 6.6 days [95% CI, 1.0-112.5]; P = .0087). The birth weight (difference between means, 221 g [95% CI, 6-436]; P = .044) and the placental weight (difference between means, 84 g [95% CI, 18-150]; P = .013) at term were also reduced. The study suggests that early exposure to P. falciparum, which is not targeted for prevention by current control strategies, has a profound impact on fetal growth, pregnancy duration, and placental weight at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christentze Schmiegelow
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Sungwa Matondo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Daniel T R Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Medical Research Center, Tanzania
| | - Mafalda Resende
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Caroline Pehrson
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Raimos Olomi
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Philippe Deloron
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216, MERIT, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Ali Salanti
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - John Lusingu
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Medical Research Center, Tanzania
| | - Thor G Theander
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
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37
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Pudełko A, Wisowski G, Olczyk K, Koźma EM. The dual role of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. FEBS J 2019; 286:1815-1837. [PMID: 30637950 PMCID: PMC6850286 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable structural heterogeneity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) generates biological information that can be unique to each of these glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and changes in their composition are translated into alterations in the binding profiles of these molecules. CS/DS can bind to various cytokines and growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes and fibrillar glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, thereby influencing both cell behavior and the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning CS/DS metabolism in the human cancer stroma. The remodeling of the GAG profile in the tumor niche is manifested as a substantial increase in the CS content and a gradual decrease in the proportion between DS and CS. Furthermore, the composition of CS and DS is also affected, which results in a substantial increase in the 6‐O‐sulfated and/or unsulfated disaccharide content, which is concomitant with a decrease in the 4‐O‐sulfation level. Here, we discuss the possible impact of alterations in the CS/DS sulfation pattern on the binding capacity and specificity of these GAGs. Moreover, we propose potential consequences of the stromal accumulation of chondroitin‐6‐sulfate for the progression and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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38
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Agerbæk MØ, Bang-Christensen S, Salanti A. Fighting Cancer Using an Oncofetal Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Protein from Malaria Parasites. Trends Parasitol 2018; 35:178-181. [PMID: 30551869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Malaria research has led to the discovery of oncofetal chondroitin sulfate, which appears to be shared between placental trophoblasts and cancer cells and can be detected by the evolutionary refined malaria protein VAR2CSA. Interestingly, using recombinant VAR2CSA to target oncofetal chondroitin sulfate shows promise for novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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39
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Rossig C, Kailayangiri S, Jamitzky S, Altvater B. Carbohydrate Targets for CAR T Cells in Solid Childhood Cancers. Front Oncol 2018; 8:513. [PMID: 30483473 PMCID: PMC6240699 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of the CAR targeting strategy in solid tumors is challenged by the need for adequate target antigens. As a consequence of their tissue origin, embryonal cancers can aberrantly express membrane-anchored gangliosides. These are carbohydrate molecules consisting of a glycosphingolipid linked to sialic acids residues. The best-known example is the abundant expression of ganglioside GD2 on the cell surface of neuroblastomas which derive from GD2-positive neuroectoderm. Gangliosides are involved in various cellular functions, including signal transduction, cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and cell death. In addition, transformation of human cells to cancer cells can be associated with distinct glycosylation profiles which provide advantages for tumor growth and dissemination and can serve as immune targets. Both gangliosides and aberrant glycosylation of proteins escape the direct molecular and proteomic screening strategies currently applied to identify further immune targets in cancers. Due to their highly restricted expression and their functional roles in the malignant behavior, they are attractive targets for immune engineering strategies. GD2-redirected CAR T cells have shown activity in clinical phase I/II trials in neuroblastoma and next-generation studies are ongoing. Further carbohydrate targets for CAR T cells in preclinical development are O-acetyl-GD2, NeuGc-GM3 (N-glycolyl GM3), GD3, SSEA-4, and oncofetal glycosylation variants. This review summarizes knowledge on the role and function of some membrane-expressed non-protein antigens, including gangliosides and abnormal protein glycosylation patterns, and discusses their potential to serve as a CAR targets in pediatric solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sareetha Kailayangiri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Silke Jamitzky
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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40
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Oo HZ, Seiler R, Black PC, Daugaard M. Post-translational modifications in bladder cancer: Expanding the tumor target repertoire. Urol Oncol 2018; 38:858-866. [PMID: 30342880 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genomic and transcriptomic analyses have uncovered promising tumor antigens including immunotherapeutic targets in bladder cancer (BCa). Conventional tumor antigens are proteins expressed on the plasma membrane of tumor cells such as EGFR, FGFR3, and ERBB2 in BCa, which can be targeted by antibodies or similar epitope-specific binding reagents. The cellular proteome consists of ∼100,000 proteins but the expression of these proteins is rarely unique to tumor cells. Many tumor-associated proteins are post-translationally modified with phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, or SUMOylation moieties. Although these modifications expand the complexity, they potentially offer novel targeting opportunities across tumor sub-populations. Experimental targeting of cancer-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) has shown encouraging results in pre-clinical models of BCa, which could potentially overcome issues with inherent intra-tumor heterogeneity due to simultaneous expression on different proteins. Here, we review current knowledge on post-translational modifications in BCa and highlight recent efforts in experimental targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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41
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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42
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Agerbæk MØ, Bang-Christensen SR, Yang MH, Clausen TM, Pereira MA, Sharma S, Ditlev SB, Nielsen MA, Choudhary S, Gustavsson T, Sorensen PH, Meyer T, Propper D, Shamash J, Theander TG, Aicher A, Daugaard M, Heeschen C, Salanti A. The VAR2CSA malaria protein efficiently retrieves circulating tumor cells in an EpCAM-independent manner. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3279. [PMID: 30115931 PMCID: PMC6095877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patients is of high value for disease monitoring and molecular characterization. Despite the development of many new CTC isolation platforms in the last decade, their isolation and detection has remained a challenge due to the lack of specific and sensitive markers. In this feasibility study, we present a method for CTC isolation based on the specific binding of the malaria rVAR2 protein to oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS). We show that rVAR2 efficiently captures CTCs from hepatic, lung, pancreatic, and prostate carcinoma patients with minimal contamination of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Expression of ofCS is present on epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cells and is equally preserved during epithelial–mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. In 25 stage I–IV prostate cancer patient samples, CTC enumeration significantly correlates with disease stage. Lastly, rVAR2 targets a larger and more diverse population of CTCs compared to anti-EpCAM strategies. Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) allows for non-invasive disease monitoring and characterization. Here the authors describe an alternative CTC isolation method based on the ability of the malaria rVAR2 protein to specifically bind oncofetal chondroitin sulfate, which is expressed by all cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sara R Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ming-Hsin Yang
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Marina A Pereira
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shreya Sharma
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sisse B Ditlev
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Tim Meyer
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David Propper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health NHS, London, EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Shamash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health NHS, London, EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Aicher
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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43
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Han W, Li Q, Lv Y, Wang Q, Zhao X. Preparation and structural characterization of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated chondroitin sulfate. Carbohydr Res 2018; 460:8-13. [PMID: 29476992 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The sulfation pattern plays a crucial role in chondroitin sulfate (CS) biological activity, and preparation of CS with defined structure is essential for accurate pharmacological study. In this study, we focused on the preparation of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated CS derived from porcine, employing a dimethyl sulfoxide-methanol (DMSO-MeOH) method and an N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (MTSTFA) method CS, respectively. Results showed that the sulfate at C4 position (4-O-S) of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) was selectively removed by the DMSO-MeOH method, and the sulfate at C6 position (6-O-S) of GalNAc was selectively removed by the MTSTFA method. Structures of desulfated CS were characterized by means of FT-IR, NMR and disaccharide composition analysis. The preparations of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated CS are powerful for the study of structure-activity relationship of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Quancai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youjing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - QingChi Wang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
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44
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Kailemia MJ, Xu G, Wong M, Li Q, Goonatilleke E, Leon F, Lebrilla CB. Recent Advances in the Mass Spectrometry Methods for Glycomics and Cancer. Anal Chem 2018; 90:208-224. [PMID: 29049885 PMCID: PMC6200424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muchena J. Kailemia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Frank Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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45
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Ineichen GB, Röthlisberger R, Johner KF, Seiler R. Different stages in drug development for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:1060-1066. [PMID: 29354493 PMCID: PMC5760381 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a highly aggressive disease. Despite optimal therapy, half of the patients will succumb to disease. This prognosis could not be improved over the last three decades. Therefore, MIBC is left behind from other cancers such as prostate, where novel treatment options were discovered and improve patient outcomes. While being aware of the recent emerging evidence of checkpoint inhibition in MIBC, we aim to describe different stages of drug development in MIBC by using three specific targets. On the example of Her2 targeting, we aimed to indicate, that either a target is ineffective in MIBC or that the patient selection is insufficient. The first clinical trials using a pan fibroblast growth factor receptor (panFGFR) inhibitor to target the FGFR pathway showed promising results. Data of further trials are to be awaited before implementing these drugs into daily clinical practice. A large variety of novel agents are investigated in vitro and in vivo. On the example of a malaria protein, we aimed to discuss a treatment paradigm that is not dependent on pathway signaling and the genomic landscape of MIBC. The ultimate question still remains to be answered: How do we select the optimal treatment for the right patient?
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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46
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Su Z, Kishida S, Tsubota S, Sakamoto K, Cao D, Kiyonari S, Ohira M, Kamijo T, Narita A, Xu Y, Takahashi Y, Kadomatsu K. Neurocan, an extracellular chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, stimulates neuroblastoma cells to promote malignant phenotypes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106296-106310. [PMID: 29290949 PMCID: PMC5739734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocan (NCAN), a secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is one of the major inhibitory molecules for axon regeneration in nervous injury. However, its role in cancer is not clear. Here we observed that high NCAN expression was closely associated with the unfavorable outcome of neuroblastoma (NB). NCAN was also highly and ubiquitously expressed in the early lesions and terminal tumor of TH-MYCN mice, a NB model. Interestingly, exogenous NCAN (i.e., overexpression, recombinant protein and conditioned medium) transformed adherent NB cells into spheres whose malignancies in vitro (anchorage-independent growth and chemoresistance) and in vivo (xenograft tumor growth) were potentiated. Both chondroitin sulfate sugar chains and NCAN's core protein were essential for the sphere formation. The CSG3 domain was essential in the moiety of NCAN. Our comprehensive microarray analysis and RT-qPCR of mRNA expression suggested that NCAN treatment promoted cell division, and urged cells to undifferentiated state. The knockdown of NCAN in tumor sphere cells cultured from TH-MYCN mice resulted in growth suppression in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that NCAN, which stimulates NB cells to promote malignant phenotypes, is an extracellular molecule providing a growth advantage to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoma Tsubota
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dongliang Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiyonari
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yinyan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Proteoglycans remodeling in cancer: Underlying molecular mechanisms. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:220-259. [PMID: 29128506 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix is a highly dynamic macromolecular network. Proteoglycans are major components of extracellular matrix playing key roles in its structural organization and cell signaling contributing to the control of numerous normal and pathological processes. As multifunctional molecules, proteoglycans participate in various cell functions during morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Their interactions with matrix effectors, cell surface receptors and enzymes enable them with unique properties. In malignancy, extensive remodeling of tumor stroma is associated with marked alterations in proteoglycans' expression and structural variability. Proteoglycans exert diverse functions in tumor stroma in a cell-specific and context-specific manner and they mainly contribute to the formation of a permissive provisional matrix for tumor growth affecting tissue organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and tumor cell signaling. Proteoglycans also modulate cancer cell phenotype and properties, the development of drug resistance and tumor stroma angiogenesis. This review summarizes the proteoglycans remodeling and their novel biological roles in malignancies with particular emphasis to the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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48
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Seiler R, Oo HZ, Tortora D, Clausen TM, Wang CK, Kumar G, Pereira MA, Ørum-Madsen MS, Agerbæk MØ, Gustavsson T, Nordmaj MA, Rich JR, Lallous N, Fazli L, Lee SS, Douglas J, Todenhöfer T, Esfandnia S, Battsogt D, Babcook JS, Al-Nakouzi N, Crabb SJ, Moskalev I, Kiss B, Davicioni E, Thalmann GN, Rennie PS, Black PC, Salanti A, Daugaard M. An Oncofetal Glycosaminoglycan Modification Provides Therapeutic Access to Cisplatin-resistant Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2017; 72:142-150. [PMID: 28408175 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) improves survival of unselected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), only a minority responds to therapy and chemoresistance remains a major challenge in this disease setting. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical significance of oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) glycosaminoglycan chains in cisplatin-resistant MIBC and to evaluate these as targets for second-line therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An ofCS-binding recombinant VAR2CSA protein derived from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (rVAR2) was used as an in situ, in vitro, and in vivo ofCS-targeting reagent in cisplatin-resistant MIBC. The ofCS expression landscape was analyzed in two independent cohorts of matched pre- and post-NAC-treated MIBC patients. INTERVENTION An rVAR2 protein armed with cytotoxic hemiasterlin compounds (rVAR2 drug conjugate [VDC] 886) was evaluated as a novel therapeutic strategy in a xenograft model of cisplatin-resistant MIBC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Antineoplastic effects of targeting ofCS. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In situ, ofCS was significantly overexpressed in residual tumors after NAC in two independent patient cohorts (p<0.02). Global gene-expression profiling and biochemical analysis of primary tumors and cell lines revealed syndican-1 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 as ofCS-modified proteoglycans in MIBC. In vitro, ofCS was expressed on all MIBC cell lines tested, and VDC886 eliminated these cells in the low-nanomolar IC50 concentration range. In vivo, VDC886 effectively retarded growth of chemoresistant orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts and prolonged survival (p=0.005). The use of cisplatin only for the generation of chemoresistant xenografts are limitations of our animal model design. CONCLUSIONS Targeting ofCS provides a promising second-line treatment strategy in cisplatin-resistant MIBC. PATIENT SUMMARY Cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer overexpresses particular sugar chains compared with chemotherapy-naïve bladder cancer. Using a recombinant protein from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, we can target these sugar chains, and our results showed a significant antitumor effect in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer. This novel treatment paradigm provides therapeutic access to bladder cancers not responding to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seiler
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Davide Tortora
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris K Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marina Ayres Pereira
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj S Ørum-Madsen
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie A Nordmaj
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nada Lallous
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sherry S Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Douglas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Esfandnia
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Nader Al-Nakouzi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | | | - Bernhard Kiss
- Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Paul S Rennie
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ali Salanti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Zymeworks Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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49
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Ma Y, Ai G, Zhang C, Zhao M, Dong X, Han Z, Wang Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Gao W, Li S, Gu Y. Novel Linear Peptides with High Affinity to αvβ3 Integrin for Precise Tumor Identification. Theranostics 2017; 7:1511-1523. [PMID: 28529634 PMCID: PMC5436510 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of alternative linear peptides for targeting αvβ3 integrin has attracted much attention, as the traditional peptide ligand, cyclic RGD, is limited by inferior water-solubility and complex synthesis. Using pharmacophore-based virtual screening and high-throughput molecular docking, we identified two novel linear small peptides RWr and RWrNM with high affinity and specificity to αvβ3 integrin. The competitive binding with cyclic RGD (c(RGDyK)) and cellular uptake related to the integrin expression levels verified their affinity to αvβ3 integrin. The intermolecular interaction measurement and dynamics simulation demonstrated the high binding affinity and stability, especially for RWrNM. In vivo peptide-guided tumor imaging and targeted therapy further confirmed their specificity. Results indicated that the newly identified small linear peptide RWrNM, with high affinity and specificity to αvβ3 integrin, better water-solubility, and simplified synthetic process, could overcome limitations of the current cyclic RGD peptides, paving the way for diverse use in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjia Road, 210009 (China)
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50
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Agerbæk MØ, Pereira MA, Clausen TM, Pehrson C, Oo HZ, Spliid C, Rich JR, Fung V, Nkrumah F, Neequaye J, Biggar RJ, Reynolds SJ, Tosato G, Pullarkat ST, Ayers LW, Theander TG, Daugaard M, Bhatia K, Nielsen MA, Mbulaiteye SM, Salanti A. Burkitt lymphoma expresses oncofetal chondroitin sulfate without being a reservoir for placental malaria sequestration. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1597-1608. [PMID: 27997697 PMCID: PMC5318225 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a malignant disease, which is frequently found in areas with holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We have previously found that the VAR2CSA protein is present on malaria-infected erythrocytes and facilitates a highly specific binding to the placenta. ofCS is absent in other non-malignant tissues and thus VAR2CSA generally facilitates parasite sequestration and accumulation in pregnant women. In this study, we show that the specific receptor for VAR2CSA, the oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS), is likewise present in BL tissue and cell lines. We therefore explored whether ofCS in BL could act as anchor site for VAR2CSA-expressing infected erythrocytes. In contrast to the placenta, we found no evidence of in vivo sequestering of infected erythrocytes in the BL tissue. Furthermore, we found VAR2CSA-specific antibody titers in children with endemic BL to be lower than in control children from the same malaria endemic region. The abundant presence of ofCS in BL tissue and the absence of ofCS in non-malignant tissue encouraged us to examine whether recombinant VAR2CSA could be used to target BL. We confirmed the binding of VAR2CSA to BL-derived cells and showed that a VAR2CSA drug conjugate efficiently killed the BL-derived cell lines in vitro. These results identify ofCS as a novel therapeutic BL target and highlight how VAR2CSA could be used as a tool for the discovery of novel approaches for directing BL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ø. Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina A. Pereira
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Caroline Pehrson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Charlotte Spliid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Janet Neequaye
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu University Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert J. Biggar
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheeja T. Pullarkat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Leona W. Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thor G. Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Morten A. Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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