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Liu J, Liu S, Li D, Li H, Zhang F. Prevalence and Associations of Co-occurrence of NFE2L2 Mutations and Chromosome 3q26 Amplification in Lung Cancer. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:150-158. [PMID: 38628662 PMCID: PMC11018393 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background NFE2L2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2) encodes a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor and exhibits variations in various tumor types, including lung cancer. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the impact of simultaneous mutations on the survival of NFE2L2 -mutant lung cancer patients within specific subgroups. Methods A cohort of 1,103 lung cancer patients was analyzed using hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing. Results The NFE2L2 gene had alterations in 3.0% (33/1,103) of lung cancer samples, including 1.5% (15/992) in adenocarcinoma and 16.2% (18/111) in squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty-four variations were found, mainly in exons 2 (27/34). New variations in exon 2 (p.D21H, p.V36_E45del, p.F37_E45del, p.R42P, p.E67Q, and p.L76_E78delinsQ) were identified. Some patients had copy number amplifications. Co-occurrence with TP53 (84.8%), CDKN2A (33.3%), KMT2B (33.3%), LRP1B (33.3%), and PIK3CA (27.3%) mutations was common. Variations of NFE2L2 displayed the tightest co-occurrence with IRF2 , TERC , ATR , ZMAT3 , and SOX2 ( p < 0.001). In The Cancer Genome Atlas Pulmonary Squamous Carcinoma project, patients with NFE2L2 variations and 3q26 amplification had longer median survival (63.59 vs. 32.04 months, p = 0.0459) and better overall survival. Conclusions NFE2L2 mutations display notable heterogeneity in lung cancer. The coexistence of NFE2L2 mutations and 3q26 amplification warrants in-depth exploration of their potential clinical implications and treatment approaches for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sijie Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jingxing County Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Oncology, Rongcheng County People's Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zeng Z, Wang ZY, Li YK, Ye DM, Zeng J, Hu JL, Chen PF, Xiao J, Zou J, Li ZH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2020; 254:117325. [PMID: 31954159 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that can regulate downstream target gene expression. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) negatively regulates Nrf2 activation and translocation to target its 26S proteasomal degradation. It has been widely reported that the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway is associated with tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance and progression and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of Nrf2 and low abundance of Keap1 contribute to the abnormalities and unrealistic treatment prognosis of NSCLC. Therefore, elucidating the role and potential mechanism of Nrf2 in NSCLC is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and for the development of strategies for effective clinical management. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the molecular structure and biological function of Nrf2, and we discuss the roles of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis, which will further provide a possible therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Zi-Yao Wang
- Ultrasound B Imaging Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ye
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia-Li Hu
- Department of Pathology, Jiujiang University Clinic College Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Pi-Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, PR China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China.
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Hepp MI, Escobar D, Farkas C, Hermosilla VE, Álvarez C, Amigo R, Gutiérrez JL, Castro AF, Pincheira R. A Trichostatin A (TSA)/Sp1-mediated mechanism for the regulation of SALL2 tumor suppressor in Jurkat T cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:S1874-9399(18)30028-2. [PMID: 29778644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SALL2 is a transcription factor involved in development and disease. Deregulation of SALL2 has been associated with cancer, suggesting that it plays a role in the disease. However, how SALL2 is regulated and why is deregulated in cancer remain poorly understood. We previously showed that the p53 tumor suppressor represses SALL2 under acute genotoxic stress. Here, we investigated the effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) Trichostatin A (TSA), and involvement of Sp1 on expression and function of SALL2 in Jurkat T cells. We show that SALL2 mRNA and protein levels were enhanced under TSA treatment. Both, TSA and ectopic expression of Sp1 transactivated the SALL2 P2 promoter. This transactivation effect was blocked by the Sp1-binding inhibitor mithramycin A. Sp1 bound in vitro and in vivo to the proximal region of the P2 promoter. TSA induced Sp1 binding to the P2 promoter, which correlated with dynamic changes on H4 acetylation and concomitant recruitment of p300 or HDAC1 in a mutually exclusive manner. Our results suggest that TSA-induced Sp1-Lys703 acetylation contributes to the transcriptional activation of the P2 promoter. Finally, using a CRISPR/Cas9 SALL2-KO Jurkat-T cell model and gain of function experiments, we demonstrated that SALL2 upregulation is required for TSA-mediated cell death. Thus, our study identified Sp1 as a novel transcriptional regulator of SALL2, and proposes a novel epigenetic mechanism for SALL2 regulation in Jurkat-T cells. Altogether, our data support SALL2 function as a tumor suppressor, and SALL2 involvement in cell death response to HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías I Hepp
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
| | - David Escobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Farkas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Viviana E Hermosilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Amigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - José L Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roxana Pincheira
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
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Rodrigues RMM, de-Carvalho J, Henriques SF, Mira NP, Sá-Correia I, Ferreira GNM. Transmission line model analysis of transcription factors binding to oligoduplexes - differentiation of the effect of single nucleotide modifications. Analyst 2015; 139:3871-4. [PMID: 24955439 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00709c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced impedance spectroscopy analysis based on the transmission line model (TLM) is explored as a novel QCM acoustic biosensing platform for the detection of the single point mutation effect on the binding of the transcription factors (TFs) to immobilized DNA oligoduplexes and the characterization of the protein-DNA mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério M M Rodrigues
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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5
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de-Carvalho J, Rodrigues RMM, Tomé B, Henriques SF, Mira NP, Sá-Correia I, Ferreira GNM. Conformational and mechanical changes of DNA upon transcription factor binding detected by a QCM and transmission line model. Analyst 2015; 139:1847-55. [PMID: 24352369 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01682j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analytical method is developed based on the transmission line model (TLM) algorithm to analyze the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to immobilized DNA oligoduplexes. The method is used to characterize the mechanical properties of biological films through the estimation of the film dynamic shear moduli, G and G, and the film thickness. Using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Haa1 (Haa1DBD) as a biological model two sensors were prepared by immobilizing DNA oligoduplexes, one containing the Haa1 recognition element (HRE(wt)) and another with a random sequence (HRE(neg)) used as a negative control. The immobilization of DNA oligoduplexes was followed in real time and we show that DNA strands initially adsorb with low or non-tilting, laying flat close to the surface, which then lift-off the surface leading to final film tilting angles of 62.9° and 46.7° for HRE(wt) and HRE(neg), respectively. Furthermore we show that the binding of Haa1DBD to HRE(wt) leads to a more ordered and compact film, and forces a 31.7° bending of the immobilized HRE(wt) oligoduplex. This work demonstrates the suitability of the QCM to monitor the specific binding of TFs to immobilized DNA sequences and provides an analytical methodology to study protein-DNA biophysics and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge de-Carvalho
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Wu L, Jiang H, Chawsheen HA, Mishra M, Young MR, Gerard M, Toledano MB, Colburn NH, Wei Q. Tumor promoter-induced sulfiredoxin is required for mouse skin tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1177-84. [PMID: 24503444 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin (Srx), the exclusive enzyme that reduces the hyperoxidized inactive form of peroxiredoxins (Prxs), has been found highly expressed in several types of human skin cancer. To determine whether Srx contributed to skin tumorigenesis in vivo, Srx null mice were generated on an FVB background. Mouse skin tumorigenesis was induced by a 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA) protocol. We found that the number, volume and size of papillomas in Srx(-/-) mice were significantly fewer compared with either wild-type (Wt) or heterozygous (Het) siblings. Histopathological analysis revealed more apoptotic cells in tumors from Srx(-/-) mice. Mechanistic studies in cell culture revealed that Srx was stimulated by TPA in a redox-independent manner. This effect was mediated transcriptionally through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Jun-N-terminal kinase. We also demonstrated that Srx was capable of reducing hyperoxidized Prxs to facilitate cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. These findings suggested that loss of Srx protected mice, at least partially, from DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis. Therefore, Srx has an oncogenic role in skin tumorigenesis and targeting Srx may provide novel strategies for skin cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wu
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and
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7
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Wei Q, Jiang H, Baker A, Dodge LK, Gerard M, Young MR, Toledano MB, Colburn NH. Loss of sulfiredoxin renders mice resistant to azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1403-10. [PMID: 23393226 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is the enzyme that reduces the hyperoxidized inactive form of peroxiredoxins. To study the function of Srx in carcinogenesis in vivo, we tested whether loss of Srx protects mice from cancer development. Srx null mice were generated and colon carcinogenesis was induced by an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) protocol. Compared with either wild-type (Wt) or heterozygotes, Srx(-/-) mice had significantly reduced rates in both tumor multiplicity and volume. Mechanistic studies reveal that loss of Srx did not alter tumor cell proliferation; however, increased apoptosis and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration were obvious in tumors from Srx null mice compared with those from Wt control. In addition to the AOM/DSS model, examination of Srx expression in human reveals a tissue-specific expression pattern. Srx expression was also demonstrated in tumors from colorectal cancer patients and the levels of expression were associated with patients' clinic stages. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that loss of Srx renders mice resistant to AOM/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis, suggesting that Srx has a critical oncogenic role in cancer development, and Srx may be used as a marker for human colon cancer pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiou Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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8
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Kalo E, Kogan-Sakin I, Solomon H, Bar-Nathan E, Shay M, Shetzer Y, Dekel E, Goldfinger N, Buganim Y, Stambolsky P, Goldstein I, Madar S, Rotter V. Mutant p53R273H attenuates the expression of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes and promotes the survival of cells with high levels of reactive oxygen species. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5578-86. [PMID: 22899716 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative stress and induces harmful effects. Both high ROS levels and p53 mutations are frequent in human cancer. Mutant p53 forms are known to actively promote malignant growth. However, no mechanistic details are known about the contribution of mutant p53 to excessive ROS accumulation in cancer cells. Herein, we examine the effect of p53(R273H), a commonly occurring mutated p53 form, on the expression of phase 2 ROS-detoxifying enzymes and on the ability of cells to readopt a reducing environment after exposure to oxidative stress. Our data suggest that p53(R273H) mutant interferes with the normal response of human cells to oxidative stress. We show here that, upon oxidative stress, mutant p53(R273H) attenuates the activation and function of NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor that induces the antioxidant response. This effect of mutant p53 is manifested by decreased expression of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes NQO1 and HO-1 and high ROS levels. These findings were observed in several human cancer cell lines, highlighting the general nature of this phenomenon. The failure of p53(R273H) mutant-expressing cells to restore a reducing oxidative environment was accompanied by increased survival, a known consequence of mutant p53 expression. These activities are attributable to mutant p53(R273H) gain of function and might underlie its well-documented oncogenic nature in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Kalo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Disruption of Nrf2/ARE signaling impairs antioxidant mechanisms and promotes cell degradation pathways in aged skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1038-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li L, Li M, Sun C, Francisco L, Chakraborty S, Sabado M, McDonald T, Gyorffy J, Chang K, Wang S, Fan W, Li J, Zhao LP, Radich J, Forman S, Bhatia S, Bhatia R. Altered hematopoietic cell gene expression precedes development of therapy-related myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia and identifies patients at risk. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:591-605. [PMID: 22094254 PMCID: PMC3220884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-related myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) is a major complication of cancer treatment. We compared gene expression in CD34+ cells from patients who developed t-MDS/AML after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHCT) for lymphoma with controls who did not develop t-MDS/AML. We observed altered gene expression related to mitochondrial function, metabolism, and hematopoietic regulation in pre-aHCT samples from patients who subsequently developed t-MDS/AML. Progression to overt t-MDS/AML was associated with additional alterations in cell-cycle regulatory genes. An optimal 38-gene PBSC classifier accurately distinguished patients who did or did not develop t-MDS/AML in an independent group of patients. We conclude that genetic programs associated with t-MDS/AML are perturbed long before disease onset, and accurately identify patients at risk for this complication.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Mitochondria/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenhong Fan
- Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jiangning Li
- Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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11
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Kim YS, Lee HL, Lee KB, Park JH, Chung WY, Lee KS, Sheen SS, Park KJ, Hwang SC. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 dependent overexpression of sulfiredoxin and peroxiredoxin III in human lung cancer. Korean J Intern Med 2011; 26:304-13. [PMID: 22016591 PMCID: PMC3192203 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2011.26.3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Oxidative stress results in protein oxidation and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is responsible for the enzymatic reversal of inactivated peroxiredoxin (Prx). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds to antioxidant responsive elements and upregulates the expression of Srx and Prx during oxidative stress. We aimed to elucidate the biological functions and potential roles of Srx in lung cancer. METHODS To study the roles of Srx and Prx III in lung cancer, we compared the protein levels of Nrf2, Prxs, thioredoxin, and Srx in 40 surgically resected human lung cancer tissues using immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses. Transforming growth factor-β(1), tumor necrosis factor-α, and camptothecin treatment were used to examine Prx III inactivation in Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells and A549 lung cancer cells. RESULTS Prx I and Prx III proteins were markedly overexpressed in lung cancer tissues. A significant increase in the oxidized form of a cysteine sulfhydryl at the catalytic site of Prxs was found in carcinogenic lung tissue compared to normal lung tissue. Densitometric analyses of immunoblot data revealed significant Srx expression, which was higher in squamous cell carcinoma tissue (60%, 12/20) than in adenocarcinoma (20%, 4/20). Also, Nrf2 was present in the nuclear compartment of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Srx and Prx III proteins were markedly overexpressed in human squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting that these proteins may play a protective role against oxidative injury and compensate for the high rate of mitochondrial metabolism in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ki Bum Lee
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joo Hun Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Wou Young Chung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Keu Sung Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Soo Sheen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kwang Joo Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Hu R, Saw CLL, Yu R, Kong ANT. Regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 signaling for cancer chemoprevention: antioxidant coupled with antiinflammatory. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1679-98. [PMID: 20486765 PMCID: PMC2966483 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is a process of using either natural or synthetic compounds to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Observations that NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-deficient mice lack response to some chemopreventive agents point to the important role of Nrf2 in chemoprevention. Nrf2 is a member of basic-leucine zipper transcription factor family and has been shown to regulate gene expression by binding to a response element, antioxidant responsive element. It is generally believed that activation of Nrf2 signaling is an adaptive response to the environmental and endogenous stresses. Under homeostatic conditions, Nrf2 is suppressed by association with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), but is stimulated upon exposure to oxidative or electrophilic stress. Once activated, Nrf2 translocates into nuclei and upregulates a group of genes that act in concert to combat oxidative stress. Nrf2 is also shown to have protective function against inflammation, a pathological process that could contribute to carcinogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the current progress in the study of Nrf2 signaling, in particular, the mechanisms of Nrf2 activation by chemopreventive agents. We will also discuss some of the potential caveats of Nrf2 in cancer treatment and future opportunity and challenges on regulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and antiinflammatory signaling in the context of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Becks L, Prince M, Burson H, Christophe C, Broadway M, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Mathis M, Orchard E, Shi R, McLarty J, Pruitt K, Zhang S, Kleiner-Hancock HE. Aggressive mammary carcinoma progression in Nrf2 knockout mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:540. [PMID: 20932318 PMCID: PMC2964634 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), which belongs to the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family, is a strategy for cancer chemopreventive phytochemicals. It is an important regulator of genes induced by oxidative stress, such as glutathione S-transferases, heme oxygenase-1 and peroxiredoxin 1, by activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). We hypothesized that (1) the citrus coumarin auraptene may suppress premalignant mammary lesions via activation of Nrf2/ARE, and (2) that Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice would be more susceptible to mammary carcinogenesis. Methods Premalignant lesions and mammary carcinomas were induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment. The 10-week pre-malignant study was performed in which 8 groups of 10 each female wild-type (WT) and KO mice were fed either control diet or diets containing auraptene (500 ppm). A carcinogenesis study was also conducted in KO vs. WT mice (n = 30-34). Comparisons between groups were evaluated using ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier Survival statistics, and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results All mice treated with carcinogen exhibited premalignant lesions but there were no differences by genotype or diet. In the KO mice, there was a dramatic increase in mammary carcinoma growth rate, size, and weight. Although there was no difference in overall survival, the KO mice had significantly lower mammary tumor-free survival. Also, in the KO mammary carcinomas, the active forms of NF-κB and β-catenin were increased ~2-fold whereas no differences in oxidized proteins were observed. Many other tumors were observed, including lymphomas. Interestingly, the incidences of lung adenomas in the KO mice were significantly higher than in the WT mice. Conclusions We report, for the first time, that there was no apparent difference in the formation of premalignant lesions, but rather, the KO mice exhibited rapid, aggressive mammary carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Becks
- Department of Pharmacology, LSUHSC-S, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Solis LM, Behrens C, Dong W, Suraokar M, Ozburn NC, Moran CA, Corvalan AH, Biswal S, Swisher SG, Bekele BN, Minna JD, Stewart DJ, Wistuba II. Nrf2 and Keap1 abnormalities in non-small cell lung carcinoma and association with clinicopathologic features. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3743-53. [PMID: 20534738 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we studied their expression in a large series of tumors with annotated clinicopathologic data, including response to platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We determined the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic Keap1 in 304 NSCLCs and its association with patients' clinicopathologic characteristics, and in 89 tumors from patients who received neoadjuvant (n = 26) or adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 63). We evaluated NFE2L2 and KEAP1 mutations in 31 tumor specimens. RESULTS We detected nuclear Nrf2 expression in 26% of NSCLCs; it was significantly more common in squamous cell carcinomas (38%) than in adenocarcinomas (18%; P < 0.0001). Low or absent Keap1 expression was detected in 56% of NSCLCs; it was significantly more common in adenocarcinomas (62%) than in squamous cell carcinomas (46%; P = 0.0057). In NSCLC, mutations of NFE2L2 and KEAP1 were very uncommon (2 of 29 and 1 of 31 cases, respectively). In multivariate analysis, Nrf2 expression was associated with worse overall survival [P = 0.0139; hazard ratio (HR), 1.75] in NSCLC patients, and low or absent Keap1 expression was associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.0181; HR, 2.09) in squamous cell carcinoma. In univariate analysis, nuclear Nrf2 expression was associated with worse recurrence-free survival in squamous cell carcinoma patients who received adjuvant treatment (P = 0.0410; HR, 3.37). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of Nrf2 and decreased expression of Keap1 are common abnormalities in NSCLC and are associated with a poor outcome. Nuclear expression of Nrf2 in malignant lung cancer cells may play a role in resistance to platinum-based treatment in squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Solis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins has emerged as a central mechanism for cells to regulate metabolism, growth, differentiation, cell-cell interactions, and immune responses. By influencing protein structure and function, PTM leads to a multiplication of proteome diversity. Redox-dependent PTMs, mediated by environmental and endogenously generated reactive species, induce cell signaling responses and can have toxic effects in organisms. PTMs induced by the electrophilic by-products of redox reactions most frequently occur at protein thiols; other nucleophilic amino acids serve as less favorable targets. Advances in mass spectrometry and affinity-chemistry strategies have improved the detection of electrophile-induced protein modifications both in vitro and in vivo and have revealed a high degree of amino acid and protein selectivity of electrophilic PTM. The identification of biological targets of electrophiles has motivated further study of the functional impact of various PTM reactions on specific signaling pathways and how this might affect organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja K. Rudolph
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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