1
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Xu Y, Wang Z, Pei B, Wang J, Xue Y, Zhao G. DNA methylation markers in esophageal cancer. Front Genet 2024; 15:1354195. [PMID: 38774285 PMCID: PMC11106492 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1354195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignancy characterized by a low 5-year survival rate, primarily attributed to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Currently, early detection of EC heavily relies on endoscopy and pathological examination, which pose challenges due to their invasiveness and high costs, leading to low patient compliance. The detection of DNA methylation offers a non-endoscopic, cost-effective, and secure approach that holds promising prospects for early EC detection. Methods To identify improved methylation markers for early EC detection, we conducted a comprehensive review of relevant literature, summarized the performance of DNA methylation markers based on different input samples and analytical methods in EC early detection and screening. Findings This review reveals that blood cell free DNA methylation-based method is an effective non-invasive method for early detection of EC, although there is still a need to improve its sensitivity and specificity. Another highly sensitive and specific non-endoscopic approach for early detection of EC is the esophageal exfoliated cells based-DNA methylation analysis. However, while there are substantial studies in esophageal adenocarcinoma, further more validation is required in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion In conclusion, DNA methylation detection holds significant potential as an early detection and screening technology for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Xu
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- ZJUT Yinhu Research Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Liu X, Zhao S, Wang K, Zhou L, Jiang M, Gao Y, Yang R, Yan S, Zhang W, Lu B, Liu F, Zhao R, Liu W, Zhang Z, Liu K, Li X, Dong Z. Spatial transcriptomics analysis of esophageal squamous precancerous lesions and their progression to esophageal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4779. [PMID: 37553345 PMCID: PMC10409784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous precancerous lesions (ESPL) are the precursors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) including low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Due to the absence of molecular indicators, which ESPL will eventually develop into ESCC and thus should be treated is not well defined. Indicators, for predicting risks of ESCC at ESPL stages, are an urgent need. We perform spatial whole-transcriptome atlas analysis, which can eliminate other tissue interference by sequencing the specific ESPL regions. In this study, the expression of TAGLN2 significantly increases, while CRNN expression level decreases along the progression of ESCC. Additionally, TAGLN2 protein level significantly increases in paired after-progression tissues compared with before-progression samples, while CRNN expression decreases. Functional studies suggest that TAGLN2 promotes ESCC progression, while CRNN inhibits it by regulating cell proliferation. Taken together, TAGLN2 and CRNN are suggested as candidate indicators for the risk of ESCC at ESPL stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Keke Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ran Yang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shiwen Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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3
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Gao Y, Li ZS, Wang LW. Concerns about pooled performances of cytology for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening. Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 97:1169. [PMID: 37208042 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai, China
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4
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Yu Q, Xia N, Zhao Y, Jin H, Chen R, Ye F, Chen L, Xie Y, Wan K, Zhou J, Zhou D, Lv X. Genome-wide methylation profiling identify hypermethylated HOXL subclass genes as potential markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma detection. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:247. [PMID: 36447287 PMCID: PMC9706897 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have revealed aberrant DNA methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, they often focused on the partial genome, which resulted in an inadequate understanding of the shaped methylation features and the lack of available methylation markers for this disease. METHODS The current study investigated the methylation profiles between ESCC and paired normal samples using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data and obtained a group of differentially methylated CpGs (DMC), differentially methylated regions (DMR), and differentially methylated genes (DMG). The DMGs were then verified in independent datasets and Sanger sequencing in our custom samples. Finally, we attempted to evaluate the performance of these genes as methylation markers for the classification of ESCC. RESULTS We obtained 438,558 DMCs, 15,462 DMRs, and 1568 DMGs. The four significantly enriched gene families of DMGs were CD molecules, NKL subclass, HOXL subclass, and Zinc finger C2H2-type. The HOXL subclass homeobox genes were observed extensively hypermethylated in ESCC. The HOXL-score estimated by HOXC10 and HOXD1 methylation, whose methylation status were then confirmed by sanger sequencing in our custom ESCC samples, showed good ability in discriminating ESCC from normal samples. CONCLUSIONS We observed widespread hypomethylation events in ESCC, and the hypermethylated HOXL subclass homeobox genes presented promising applications for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuning Yu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Namei Xia
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yanteng Zhao
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Huifang Jin
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Renyin Chen
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Fanglei Ye
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Liyinghui Chen
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ying Xie
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Kangkang Wan
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xianping Lv
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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5
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Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is common in the developing world with decreasing incidence in developed countries and carries significant morbidity and mortality. Major risk factors for ESCC development include significant use of alcohol and tobacco. Screening for ESCC can be recommended in high-risk populations living in highly endemic regions. The treatment of ESCC ranges from endoscopic resection therapy or surgery in localized disease to chemoradiotherapy in metastatic disease, and prognosis is directly related to the stage at diagnosis. New immunotherapies and molecular targeted therapies may improve the dismal survival outcomes in patients with metastatic ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chamil Codipilly
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, SMH Campus, 6 Alfred GI Unit, 200 1st Street South West, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenneth K Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, SMH Campus, 6 Alfred GI Unit, 200 1st Street South West, Rochester MN 55905, USA.
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6
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Fan Z, Qin Y, Zhou J, Chen R, Gu J, Li M, Zhou J, Li X, Lin D, Wang J, Deng D, Wei W. Feasibility of using P16 methylation as a cytologic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening: A pilot study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4033-4042. [PMID: 35352503 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell dysplasia (ESCdys) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) could significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of ESCC. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether P16/CDKN2A methylation could serve as a cytologic biomarker for early detection of ESCdys and ESCC. METHODS Paired esophageal biopsy and cytology specimens (exfoliated cells) were obtained from subjects at different stages of ESCC development. The methylation status of P16 gene in these two specimen types was determined using a 115-bp MethyLight assay. Categorical data were compared by the Chi-square test. Logistic regression was performed to assess adjusted odds ratios of P16 methylation associated with ESCC and ESCdys. Prediction models for identifying individuals at risk of ESCC and high-grade ESCdys (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, HGIN) were developed by multivariable logistic regression. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Internal validation of the prediction models was performed using the 1000-bootstrap resample. RESULTS A total of 105 subjects with diagnoses ranging from normal mucosa through ESCC were included in this study. An increase in P16 methylation frequency was observed with increasing severity of esophageal lesions (p for trend <0.001). In the adjusted logistic regression models, P16 methylation in cytology specimens was positively associated with ESCC and ESCdys risk, whereas P16 methylation in biopsy specimens was only associated with a higher risk of developing ESCC. The predictive capacity of base model I (AUC, 0.816) for ESCC and HGIN was significantly increased by adding P16 methylation in cytology specimens (model III; AUC, 0.882; p = 0.043), but not P16 methylation in biopsy specimens (model II; AUC, 0.850; p = 0.225). Bootstrap validation showed optimism-corrected AUC of 0.789 for model I, 0.822 for model II, and 0.854 for model III. CONCLUSION P16 methylation as a cytologic marker was associated with the ESCC development and has the potential for application in minimally invasive ESCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minjuan Li
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinqing Li
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Linzhou Cancer Hospital, Linzhou, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Multi-omic characterization of genome-wide abnormal DNA methylation reveals diagnostic and prognostic markers for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:53. [PMID: 35210398 PMCID: PMC8873499 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates aberrant DNA methylations as potential diagnosis and prognosis markers for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), which if diagnosed at advanced stages has <30% five-year survival rate. Comparing genome-wide methylation sites of 91 ESCC and matched adjacent normal tissues, we identified 35,577 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) and characterized their distribution patterns. Integrating whole-genome DNA and RNA-sequencing data of the same samples, we found multiple dysregulated transcription factors and ESCC-specific genomic correlates of identified DMCs. Using featured DMCs, we developed a 12-marker diagnostic panel with high accuracy in our dataset and the TCGA ESCC dataset, and a 4-marker prognostic panel distinguishing high-risk patients. In-vitro experiments validated the functions of 4 marker host genes. Together these results provide additional evidence for the important roles of aberrant DNA methylations in ESCC development and progression. Our DMC-based diagnostic and prognostic panels have potential values for clinical care of ESCC, laying foundations for developing targeted methylation assays for future non-invasive cancer detection methods.
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Feng J, Xu Y, Wei Z, Xia Y, Zhang H, Shen C, Wang P, Yan W, Fang D, Fang Y. Capsaicin inhibits migration and invasion via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by up-regulation of claudin-3 expression. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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9
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Geens M, Stappers S, Konings H, De Winter BY, Specenier P, Van Meerbeeck JP, Verpooten GA, Abrams S, Janssens A, Peeters M, Van de Heyning P, Vanderveken OM, Ledeganck KJ. Epidermal growth factor as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker of response to platinum-based chemotherapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252646. [PMID: 34115785 PMCID: PMC8195347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated serum epidermal growth factor (EGF) in an oncological population of head- and neck and pulmonary neoplasms and whether serum EGF could serve as a prognostic marker of survival and as a predictive marker for treatment response to platinum-based chemotherapy. A total of 59 oncological patients and a control group of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. Pre-treatment serum EGF from both groups was determined. Patient’s and tumour characteristics and mortality were recorded during a 5-year follow up period. Baseline serum EGF significantly differed between the oncological patients and the healthy volunteers (p<0.001). Serum EGF was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004) but not with sex (p = 0.753), age (p = 1.00), TNM stage (p = 0.191) or tumour size (p = 0.077). Neither serum EGF (p = 0.81) nor age (p = 0.55) showed an effect on the patient’s survival. Tumour location was significantly associated with overall 5-year survival (p = 0.003). The predictive capacity of serum EGF of response to chemotherapy was limited (AUC = 0.606), a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 56% was observed resulting in a likelihood ratio of a positive and negative test equal to 1.81 and 0.36, respectively. In conclusion, serum EGF levels are 5.5 times higher in an oncological population compared to a control group. Within the oncological population, low serum EGF values are associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. Further investigation is necessary to determine if the serum EGF levels could serve as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Geens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stappers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heleen Konings
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pol Specenier
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan P. Van Meerbeeck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Gert A. Verpooten
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Abrams
- Global Health Institute, Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Van de Heyning
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier M. Vanderveken
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristien J. Ledeganck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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10
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Zheng L, Li L, Xie J, Jin H, Zhu N. Six Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: validated by scRNA-seq and qPCR. J Cancer 2021; 12:899-911. [PMID: 33403046 PMCID: PMC7778544 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. ESCC has a generally poor prognosis and there is a lack of available biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of the study was to identify novel biomarkers for ESCC. We screened the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) acquired from six Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) ESCC datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ESCC datasets. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed to identify the key hub genes. Then, Kaplan Meier survival and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were utilized to clarify the diagnostic and prognostic role of these hub genes. The UALCAN database, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to confirm the expression levels of identified hub genes. Finally, immune infiltration analysis was conducted to investigate the role of these genes in the pathogenesis of ESCC. The results showed that PBK, KIF2C, NUF2, KIF20A, RAD51AP1, and DEPDC1 effectively distinguish ESCC tissues from normal samples, and all of them were significantly correlated with overall survival. The results of scRNA-seq and qPCR indicated that the expression levels of hub genes in ESCC were significantly higher than in normal cells or tissues. Further immune infiltration analysis showed that infiltration of dendritic cells was significantly negatively correlated with PBK, KIF2C, NUF2, RAD51AP1, and DEPDC1 expression levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that PBK, KIF2C, NUF2, KIF20A, RAD51AP1 and DEPDC1 are all potential biomarkers for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis may also be potential therapeutic targets for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhai Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naishuo Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Businello G, Parente P, Mastracci L, Pennelli G, Traverso G, Milione M, Bellan E, Michelotto M, Kotsafti A, Grillo F, Fassan M. The Pathologic and Molecular Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082160. [PMID: 32759723 PMCID: PMC7465394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma represents the most common histotype of epithelial neoplasm occurring within esophageal mucosa worldwide. Despite the comprehensive molecular characterization of this entity, to date no significant targeted therapy has been introduced into clinical practice. In this review, we describe the molecular landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on the most recent literature. Moreover, we focus on other rare variants and on the relationship with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Businello
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy;
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Gianmaria Pennelli
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Massimo Milione
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Elena Bellan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Michelotto
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Andromachi Kotsafti
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-49-821-1312; Fax: +39-49-827-2277
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12
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Zhou Z, Kalatskaya I, Russell D, Marcon N, Cirocco M, Krzyzanowski PM, Streutker C, Liang H, Litle VR, Godfrey TE, Stein L. Combined EsophaCap cytology and MUC2 immunohistochemistry for screening of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:219-229. [PMID: 31190949 PMCID: PMC6527096 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s186958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased by 700% in Western countries over the last 30 years. Although clinical guidelines call for endoscopic surveillance for EAC among high-risk populations, fewer than 5% of new EAC patients are under surveillance at the time of diagnosis. We studied the accuracy of combined cytopathology and MUC2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for screening of Intestinal Metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and EAC, using specimens collected from the EsophaCap swallowable encapsulated cytology sponge from Canada and United States. Patients and methods: By comparing the EsophaCap cytological diagnosis with concurrent endoscopic biopsies performed on the same patients in 28 cases, we first built up the cytology diagnostic categories and criteria. Based on these criteria, 136 cases were evaluated by both cytology and MUC2 IHC with blinded to patient biopsy diagnosis. Results: We first set up categories and criteria for cytological diagnosis of EscophaCap samples. Based on these, we divided our evaluated cytological samples into two groups: non-IM group and IM or dysplasia or adenocarcinoma group. Using the biopsy as our gold standard to screen IM, dysplasia and EAC by combined cytology and MUC2 IHC, the sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 91%, respectively, which is in the range of clinically useful cytological screening tests such as the cervical Pap smear. Conclusions: Combined EsophaCap cytology and MUC2 IHC could be a good screening test for IM and Beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irina Kalatskaya
- Department of Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Russell
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Norman Marcon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Cirocco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Krzyzanowski
- Department of Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cathy Streutker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Virginia R Litle
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony E Godfrey
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lincoln Stein
- Department of Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Liu Q, Zhou YX, Hui-Wang, Li QX, Wu M, Ma YQ. The Silencing of SFRP2 Expression in ESCC Is Due to Methylation of the Gene Promoter. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819877977. [PMID: 31578133 PMCID: PMC6777053 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819877977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim of the study was to investigate the expression level and methylation status of the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the clinical utility of the marker. MATERIAL AND METHODS We first used Immunohistochemistry (ICH) to explore the expression level of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues and then used methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction to detect methylation status of secreted frizzled-related protein 2. RESULTS Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 expression was notably reduced in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 was increased in the majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens. CONCLUSION Sum up, we have demonstrated the abnormal DNA hypermethylation, causing reduced or absent gene expression. Methylation testing of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 using epigenetic marker may be a significative screening method for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine College, Medical University of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui-Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of computer application, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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14
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Codipilly DC, Qin Y, Dawsey SM, Kisiel J, Topazian M, Ahlquist D, Iyer PG. Screening for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: recent advances. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 88:413-426. [PMID: 29709526 PMCID: PMC7493990 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.04.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer worldwide, with a high mortality due to advanced stage at diagnosis. Although most common in an area known as the Asian Esophageal Cancer Belt, which extends from the Caspian Sea to northern China, and in parts of Africa, high-risk populations also exist elsewhere in the world. Screening for ESCC has been practiced in a few geographic areas and high-risk populations, with varying levels of success. Esophageal squamous dysplasia is recognized as the precursor lesion for ESCC. Endoscopic screening for ESCC/esophageal squamous dysplasia is expensive and not sufficiently available in many high-risk regions. Recent advances in non-endoscopic screening enhanced by biomarker-based disease detection have raised the prospect of improved accuracy and availability of screening for esophageal squamous dysplasia and early stage ESCC. Development of a cost-effective, accurate, and well-tolerated screening test, if applied in endemic areas and high-risk populations, has the potential to reduce mortality from this deadly disease worldwide. In this review, we summarize recent developments in endoscopic and non-endoscopic screening modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- DC Codipilly
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Y Qin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
| | - John Kisiel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Mark Topazian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - David Ahlquist
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - PG Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
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15
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Ji X, Guan C, Jiang X, Li H. Diagnostic accuracy of DNA methylation for head and neck cancer varies by sample type and number of markers tested. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80019-80032. [PMID: 27683120 PMCID: PMC5346768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal methylation of certain cancer related genes strongly predicts a diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC), while the predictive power of methylation of other DNA markers for HNC remains unclear. To systemically assess the diagnostic value of DNA methylation patterns for HNC and the effect of methylation platform techniques and sample types, we performed a PubMed search for studies of the correlation between DNA methylation and HNC completed before July 2016, and extracted the sensitivity and specificity for methylated biomarkers. Across these studies, DNA methylation showed high sensitivity for diagnosing HNC in solid tissue (0.57), and high specificity in saliva (0.89). Area under the curve (AUC) from summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves revealed that DNA methylation had more diagnostic power in solid tissue (AUC = 0.82) than saliva (AUC = 0.80) or blood (AUC = 0.77). Combinations of multiple methylated genes were more sensitive diagnostic markers than single methylated genes. Our results suggest that the diagnostic accuracy of methylated biomarkers for HNC varied by sample type and were most accurate when results from multiple sample types were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chao Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
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16
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Lin DC, Wang MR, Koeffler HP. Genomic and Epigenomic Aberrations in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Implications for Patients. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:374-389. [PMID: 28757263 PMCID: PMC5951382 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy without effective therapy. The exomes of more than 600 ESCCs have been sequenced in the past 4 years, and numerous key aberrations have been identified. Recently, researchers reported both inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. Although these are interesting observations, their clinical implications are unclear due to the limited number of samples profiled. Epigenomic alterations, such as changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA editing, also have been observed in ESCCs. However, it is not clear what proportion of ESCC cells carry these epigenomic aberrations or how they contribute to tumor development. We review the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of ESCCs, with a focus on emerging themes. We discuss their clinical implications and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Song YP, Cherian MG. Basal and copper-induced expression of metallothionein isoform 1,2 and 3 genes in epithelial cancer cells: The role of tumor suppressor p53. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 35:18-29. [PMID: 27049123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a ubiquitous low-molecular weight, cysteine rich proteins with a high affinity for metal ions. The expression and induction of MTs have been associated with protection against DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Our past research had shown that p53 is an important factor in metal regulation of MTs. The present study was undertaken to explore further the interrelationship between p53 and MTs. We investigated whether silencing of p53 could affect expression pattern of basal and copper induced metallothioneins. The silencing of wild-type p53 (wt-p53) in epithelial breast cancer MCF7 cells affected the basal level of MT-2A RNA, whereas the levels of MT-1A and MT-1X RNA remained largely unchanged. The expression of MT-3 was undetectable in MCF7 with either functional or silenced p53. MCF7 cells with silenced wt-p53 failed to upregulate MT-2A in response to copper and showed a reduced sensitivity toward copper induced cell apoptotic death. Similarly in MCF7-E6 and MDA-MB-231 cells, the presence of inactive/mutated p53 halted MT-1A and MT-2A gene expression in response to copper. Constitutive expression of MT-3 RNA was detectable in the presence of mutated p53 (mtp53). Transient transfection of MDA-MB-231 cells with wt-p53 enabled copper induced upregulation of both MT-1A and MT-2A but not basal level of MT-2A, MT-1E, MT-1X and MT-3. Inactivation of p53 in HepG2 cells amplified the basal expression of studied MT isoforms, including MT-3, as well as copper-induced mRNA expression of MTs except MT-1H and MT-3. Presented data demonstrate a direct relation between p53 and MT-1A and MT-2A and they also indicate that wt-p53 might be a negative regulator of MT-3 in epithelial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Y P Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - M G Cherian
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
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18
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Dziegiel P, Pula B, Kobierzycki C, Stasiolek M, Podhorska-Okolow M. The Role of Metallothioneins in Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27472-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Kit O, Vodolazhskiy D, Kolesnikov E, Timoshkina N. Epigenetic markers of esophageal cancer: DNA methylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:520-526. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166205520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of esophageal cancer with a constant tendency to increase the incidence of growth on the background of the high mortality, which makes particularly the development of new biomarkers that complement and improve the early diagnosis of this disease. Despite the impressive number of studies in routine clinical practice is used only marker of esophageal cancer – ERBB2/HER2 status. This review summarizes data on the identified epigenetic markers of the aberrant methylation of the genome, which may be useful for early detection of esophageal cancer, prognosis estimation and / or prediction of response to treatment. The development of new high-tech genome-wide screening, such as beadarray and immunoprecipitation sequencing method used for the wideband genotyping, but for the analysis of transcriptome and metilom, provides a comprehensive picture of genetic and epigenetic changes during tumorigenesis. Note the need to verify the most biomarkers on large representative samples for the development of valid diagnostic panels, suitable for large-scale screening of risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.I. Kit
- Rostov Cancer Research Institute, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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20
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SPINK1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by downregulating Metallothioneins expression. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e162. [PMID: 26258891 PMCID: PMC4632074 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US. Although, anti-EGFR therapy is commonly prescribed for CRC, patients harboring mutations in KRAS or BRAF show poor treatment response, indicating an ardent demand for new therapeutic targets discovery. SPINK1 (serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1) overexpression has been identified in many cancers including the colon, lung, breast and prostate. Our study demonstrates the functional significance of SPINK1 in CRC progression and metastases. Stable knockdown of SPINK1 significantly decreases cell proliferation, invasion and soft agar colony formation in the colon adenocarcinoma WiDr cells. Conversely, an increase in these oncogenic phenotypes was observed on stimulation with SPINK1-enriched conditioned media (CM) in multiple benign models such as murine colonic epithelial cell lines, MSIE and YAMC (SPINK3-negative). Mechanistically, SPINK1 promotes tumorigenic phenotype by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathways, and the SPINK1-positive WiDr cells are sensitive to AKT and MEK inhibitors. Importantly, SPINK1 silencing mediated upregulation of various Metallothionein isoforms, considered as tumor suppressors in CRC, confer sensitivity to doxorubicin, which strengthens the rationale for using the combinatorial treatment approach for the SPINK1-positive CRC patients. Furthermore, in vivo studies using chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, murine xenograft studies and metastasis models further suggest a pivotal role of SPINK1 in CRC progression and metastasis. Taken together, our study demonstrates an important role for the overexpressed SPINK1 in CRC disease progression, a phenomenon that needs careful evaluation towards effective therapeutic target development.
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Claudin11 Promoter Hypermethylation Is Frequent in Malignant Melanoma of the Skin, but Uncommon in Nevus Cell Nevi. Cancers (Basel) 2015. [PMID: 26198249 PMCID: PMC4586767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of tumor-related genes is an important characteristic in the pathology of human cancers, including melanomagenesis. We analyzed the epigenetic inactivation of Claudin 11 (CLDN11) in malignant melanoma (MM) of the skin, including six melanoma cell lines, 39 primary melanoma, 41 metastases of MM and 52 nevus cell nevi (NCN). CLDN11 promoter hypermethylation was found in 19 out of 39 (49%) of the primary MM and in 21 out of 41 (51%) of the MM metastases, but only in eight out of 52 (15%) of NCN (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0003, respectively). Moreover, a significant increase in the methylation level of CLDN11 from primary melanomas to MM metastases was revealed (p = 0.003). Methylation of CLDN11 was significantly more frequent in skin metastases (79%) compared to brain metastases (31%; p = 0.007). CLDN11 methylation was also found in five out of six MM cell lines (83%) and its promoter hypermethylation correlated with a reduced expression. Treatment of MM cell lines with a DNA methylation inhibitor reactivated CLDN11 transcription by its promoter demethylation. In summary, CLDN11 proved to be an epigenetically inactivated tumor related gene in melanomagenesis, and analysis of CLDN11 methylation level represents a potential tool for assisting in the discrimination between malignant melanoma and nevus cell nevi.
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22
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p16 hypermethylation: A biomarker for increased esophageal cancer susceptibility in high incidence region of North East India. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1627-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University/Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 675 N St. Claire St, Galter Pavillion 7-132F, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA,
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24
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Hintsala HR, Siponen M, Haapasaari KM, Karihtala P, Soini Y. Claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in solar keratosis and squamocellular carcinoma of the skin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2855-2863. [PMID: 24294371 PMCID: PMC3843265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Claudins are tight junction proteins regulating the paracellular permeability of cell layers. We investigated the expression of claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in a sample set consisting of a total of 93 cases representing normal skin, actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. There were several changes found in claudin expression. Claudin 1 appeared to be progressively decreased in solar keratosis and skin squamous cell carcinomas compared to normal skin while expression of claudin 2 was increased. With claudins 3 and 5 occasional immunoreactivity was found in squamous cell carcinomas. Claudins 4 and 7 were variably expressed in skin neoplasia compared to normal skin. According to the results expression of claudins 1 and 2 change in parallel with the severity of the epidermal preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions thus probably influencing the disturbed epithelial polarity characteristic of these lesions. Claudin 1 under- and claudin 2 overexpression also lead to a leakier epithelial barrier function of the skin with a resulting damage to skin epithelial resistance. Other claudins investigated in this study did not show progressive changes even though occasional overexpression of them was found in skin squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Riikka Hintsala
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Maria Siponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| | | | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland and Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
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25
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Shi ZZ, Shang L, Jiang YY, Hao JJ, Zhang Y, Zhang TT, Lin DC, Liu SG, Wang BS, Gong T, Zhan QM, Wang MR. Consistent and differential genetic aberrations between esophageal dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5867-78. [PMID: 24009147 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to identify frequent genomic aberrations in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal dysplasia and to discover important copy number-driving genes and microRNAs (miRNA) in ESCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) on 59 ESCC resection samples and 16 dysplasia biopsy samples. Expression of genes at 11q13.3 was analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Integrated analysis was conducted to identify genes or miRNAs with copy number-expression correlations. RESULTS Array CGH identified 11 amplifications and eight homozygous deletions in ESCC. Integrated analysis of array CGH data with matched gene expression microarray data showed that 90 overexpressed genes and 24 underexpressed genes were consistent with DNA copy number changes, including 12 copy number-driving miRNAs. In esophageal dysplasia, six gains, four losses, 12 amplifications, and four homozygous deletions were detected. Amplifications of 7p11.2 and 11q13.2-11q13.3 (CCND1) and homozygous deletion at 9p21.3 (CDKN2A) were consistent genomic changes in both dysplasia and carcinoma. ANO1 at 11q13.3 was overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels in tumors, and higher mRNA expression was correlated with the copy number increase. In particular, ANO1 expression was elevated in moderate dysplasia compared with normal esophageal epithelium. IHC revealed that ANO1 overexpression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage. Knockdown of ANO1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of KYSE30 and KYSE510 cells. CONCLUSION Copy number aberrations in both esophageal dysplasia and ESCC may be useful as potential biomarkers for early detection. In addition, ANO1 may be a candidate target gene in esophageal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhou Shi
- Authors' Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Fassan M, Baffa R, Kiss A. Advanced precancerous lesions within the GI tract: the molecular background. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 27:159-69. [PMID: 23809238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream carcinogenic processes involved within the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by phenotypic multistep progression cascades that eventually result in full-blown cancers. In this scenario, the understanding of the molecular dysregulations underlying the precancerous lesions is increasing but still remains incomplete. However, in recent years, the enthusiastic rise of innovative technologies (i.e., next-generation sequencing, high-throughput microarray analysis, mass spectrometry based proteomics) and the unexpected discovery of new classes of biomarkers (i.e., miRNA, long-noncoding RNAs) prompted new strength in the exploration of the accurate and comprehensive molecular characterization of premalignant and malignant neoplastic lesions. The challenge ahead lies in the reliable identification of disease progression-specific targets to enable molecular testing in the clinical management of the secondary prevention of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy.
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Taylor PR, Abnet CC, Dawsey SM. Squamous dysplasia--the precursor lesion for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:540-52. [PMID: 23549398 PMCID: PMC3681095 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for 80% of all esophageal cancers worldwide, and esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) is the only histopathology that predicts the development of ESCC. The prevalence of ESD parallels rates of invasive ESCC and is typically found in 25% or more of adults above the age of 35 years in populations in north central China, where risk for ESCC is among the highest in the world. Results of chemoprevention and early detection studies to prevent progression of ESD suggest that these approaches, coupled with emerging endoscopic therapies, offer promise for the prevention of esophageal cancer mortality in high-risk populations. Future research on ESD and ESCC should focus on finding additional modifiable risk factors and on identifying biomarkers to incorporate into early detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Taylor
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, EPS, 6120 Executive Blvd, Rm 7006, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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28
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Epigenetic alterations and their clinical implications in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 61:262-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-013-0235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jia Y, Yang Y, Brock MV, Cao B, Zhan Q, Li Y, Yu Y, Herman JG, Guo M. Methylation of TFPI-2 is an early event of esophageal carcinogenesis. Epigenomics 2012; 4:135-46. [PMID: 22449186 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the epigenetic changes and the function of TFPI-2 in esophageal cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS Nine esophageal cancer cell lines, nine normal esophageal mucosa, 60 esophageal dysplasia and 106 advanced esophageal cancer samples were included in this study. TFPI-2 methylation was examined by methylation-specific PCR. TFPI-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples. The effect of TFPI-2 on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration was analyzed by colony formation assay, western blot assay, transwell assay and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS TFPI-2 expression was regulated by promoter region hypermethylation in human esophageal cancer cell lines, and TFPI-2 expression is inversely correlated with methylation in primary cancer. Methylation was found in 28.2, 33.3 and 33.3% of grade 1, 2 and 3 esophageal dysplasia, and 67% of primary esophageal cancer, but no methylation was found in normal mucosa. Methylation is significantly related to tumor differentiation. Inhibition of invasion, migration, colony formation and proliferation, and induction of apoptosis occurred with the restoration of TFPI-2 expression in the KYSE70 cell line. CONCLUSION TFPI-2 is frequently methylated in esophageal cancer with a progression tendency. TFPI-2 is a potential tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
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30
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Li JS, Ying JM, Wang XW, Wang ZH, Tao Q, Li LL. Promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 32:3-11. [PMID: 22572016 PMCID: PMC3845589 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent and fatal cancer in China and other Asian countries. Epigenetic silencing of key tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is critical to ESCC initiation and progression. Recently, many novel TSGs silenced by promoter methylation have been identified in ESCC, and these genes further serve as potential tumor markers for high-risk group stratification, early detection, and prognosis prediction. This review summarizes recent discoveries on aberrant promoter methylation of TSGs in ESCC, providing better understanding of the role of disrupted epigenetic regulation in tumorigenesis and insight into diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sheng Li
- Department of Chemotherapy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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31
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Roshandel G, Semnani S, Malekzadeh R. None-endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma- A Review. Middle East J Dig Dis 2012; 4:111-24. [PMID: 24829644 PMCID: PMC4017690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer and sixth most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of EC. ESCC develops by progression from premalignant lesions, which are called esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD). Prevention is the most effective strategy for controlling this disease. Generally, two methods may be defined for ESCC prevention. The aim of the first preventive method is to prevent the initiation of ESD by avoiding the known risk factors, or primary prevention. Secondary prevention focuses on detection of the disease in its early curable stage, thus preventing its progression into advanced stages. Endoscopy with iodine staining and biopsy is the diagnostic choice for ESD. However it is invasive and expensive, and not accepted by asymptomatic ESD cases. Therefore, it is necessary to find a non-endoscopic screening method. Despite the large number of studies conducted worldwide, no approved method has been developed for ESCC screening. Regarding the multi-factorial nature of ESCC, it is proposed that the use of a combination of various criteria, such as cytological examination, risk factors, genetic alteration, and molecular markers may result in the development of a comprehensive and effective ESCC screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- 1Digestive Diseases Research Center (DDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
,2Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahryar Semnani
- 2Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
,Corresponding Author: Dr Shahryar Semnani, MD Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shahid Nabavi clinic, 4th Azae alley, 5th Azar street, Gorgan, Iran. Tel: +98 171 2340835 Fax:+98 171 2369210
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- 1Digestive Diseases Research Center (DDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Lopes AB, Fagundes RB. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - precursor lesions and early diagnosis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 4:9-16. [PMID: 22267978 PMCID: PMC3262175 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v4.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) carries a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Early detection is highly desirable, since surgical and endoscopic resection offers the only possible cure for esophageal cancer. Population screening should be undertaken in high risk areas, and in low or moderate risk areas for people with risk factors (alcoholics, smokers, mate drinkers, history of head and neck cancer, achalasia and lye stricture of the esophagus). Esophageal balloon cytology is an easy and inexpensive sampling technique, but the current methods are insufficient for primary screening due to sampling errors. Conventional endoscopy with biopsy remains the standard procedure for the identification of pre-malignant and early malignant changes in esophageal mucosa and endoscopic detection. It may be enhanced by several techniques such as dye and optic chromoendoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, and optical-based spectroscopic and imaging modalities. Since more than 80% of SCCE deaths occur in developing countries, where expensive techniques such as narrow band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence imaging are unavailable, the most cost-effective tool for targeting biopsies may be Lugol dye chromoendoscopy, since it is easy, accurate, inexpensive and available worldwide. In ideal conditions, or in developed countries, is it reasonable to think that optimal detection will require a combination of techniques, such as the combination of Lugol’s chromoendoscopy and NBI to identify esophageal areas that require further characterization by a high resolution technique. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness will determine whether these modalities will become part of standard endoscopy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barros Lopes
- Antonio Barros Lopes, Renato Borges Fagundes, Post-Graduate Program: Sciences in Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
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Lee YC, Wang HP, Wang CP, Ko JY, Lee JM, Chiu HM, Lin JT, Yamashita S, Oka D, Watanabe N, Matsuda Y, Ushijima T, Wu MS. Revisit of Field Cancerization in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract: Better Risk Assessment with Epigenetic Markers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1982-92. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen X, Hu H, Guan X, Xiong G, Wang Y, Wang K, Li J, Xu X, Yang K, Bai Y. CpG island methylation status of miRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1607-13. [PMID: 21547903 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) indicated that it contains much dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). DNA hypermethylation in the miRNA 5' regulatory region is a mechanism that can account for the downregulation of miRNA in tumors (Esteller, N Engl J Med 2008;358:1148-59). Among those dysregulated miRNAs, miR-203, miR-34b/c, miR-424 and miR-129-2 are embedded in CpG islands, as is the promoter of miR-34a. We investigated their methylation status in ESCC by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and methylation specific PCR (MSP). The methylation frequency of miR-203 and miR-424 is the same in carcinoma and in the corresponding non-tumor tissues. The methylation ratio of miR-34a, miR-34b/c and miR-129-2 is 66.7% (36/54), 40.7% (22/54) and 96.3% (52/54), respectively in ESCC, which are significantly higher than that in the corresponding non-tumor tissues(p < 0.01). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis in clinical samples suggested that CpG island methylation is significantly correlated with their low expression in ESCC, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) treatment partly recovered their expression in EC9706 cell line. We conclude that CpG island methylation of miR-34a, miR-34b/c and miR-129-2 are frequent events and important mechanism for their low expression in ESCC. DNA methylation changes have been reported to occur early in carcinogenesis and are potentially good early indicators of carcinoma (Laird, Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:253-66). The high methylation ratio of miR-129-2 indicated its potential as a methylation biomarker in early diagnosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Arriaga JM, Levy EM, Bravo AI, Bayo SM, Amat M, Aris M, Hannois A, Bruno L, Roberti MP, Loria FS, Pairola A, Huertas E, Mordoh J, Bianchini M. Metallothionein expression in colorectal cancer: relevance of different isoforms for tumor progression and patient survival. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:197-208. [PMID: 21820154 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are a family of small, cysteine-rich proteins with many functions. Immunohistochemical evaluation of all metallothionein 1 + 2 isoforms in colorectal tumors has demonstrated an important down-regulation compared with normal tissue, although its prognostic significance is unclear. Moreover, the contribution of individual isoforms to overall metallothionein down-regulation is not known. To address these important issues, we analyzed the messenger RNA expression levels of all functional metallothionein 1 + 2 isoforms by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 22 pairs of normal and tumor-microdissected epithelia and correlated these to the overall immunohistochemical protein expression. Our results showed that 5 isoforms (MT1G, 1E, 1F, 1H, and 1M) were lost during the transition from normal mucosa to tumor, whereas MT1X and MT2A were less down-regulated, and their expression was correlated with overall protein positivity. Second, we showed that MT1G hypermethylation occurred in cell lines and in 29% of tumor samples, whereas histone deacetylase inhibitors are able to induce most isoforms. Furthermore, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry 107 normal mucosae, 25 adenomas, 81 carcinomas, and 19 lymph node metastases to evaluate metallothionein expression during different stages of cancer development and to assess its relationship to patient survival. A lower immunohistochemical expression was associated with poorer survival, although it was not an independent predictor. Overall, this study identifies for the first time the relevant metallothionein isoforms for colorectal cancer progression, supports the concept that their loss is associated with worse prognosis, and suggests 2 mechanisms for epigenetic repression of metallothionein expression in colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martín Arriaga
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas de la Fundación Cáncer, 1426 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Koshiol J, Kreimer AR. Lessons from Australia: human papillomavirus is not a major risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1889-92. [PMID: 20696658 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Koshiol
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852-7248, USA.
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Melton SD, Genta RM, Souza RF. Biomarkers and molecular diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic neoplasms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 7:620-8. [PMID: 20924366 PMCID: PMC3197699 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard protocols for the diagnosis of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract are based on histopathologic analysis in combination with clinical information. With the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, our understanding of the contribution of genetics to human disease has increased exponentially. This knowledge is gradually being incorporated into clinical decision-making. However, the rate at which molecular biomarkers are validated for use in mainstream clinical applications has lagged far behind that of biomarker discovery. Nevertheless, a number of molecular biomarkers are available for use in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. This article reviews the most common molecular biomarkers currently available for neoplasms of the luminal gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In neoplasms of the esophagus, for which no biomarkers are currently used in routine clinical practice, those that have shown the most promise in early clinical validation studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby D. Melton
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, VA North Texas Health Care System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Robert M. Genta
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, VA North Texas Health Care System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, Caris Research Institute, Irving, TX
| | - Rhonda F. Souza
- Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System & University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Chung CS, Lee YC, Wang CP, Ko JY, Wang WL, Wu MS, Wang HP. Secondary prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in areas where smoking, alcohol, and betel quid chewing are prevalent. J Formos Med Assoc 2010; 109:408-21. [PMID: 20610142 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is ranked as the sixth most common cause of cancer death worldwide and has a substantial effect on public health. In contrast to adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus in Western countries, the major disease phenotype in the Asia-Pacific region is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which is attributed to the prevalence of smoking, alcohol, and betel quid chewing. Despite a multidisciplinary approach to treating esophageal cancer, the outcome remains poor. Moreover, field cancerization reveals that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is closely linked with the development of head and neck cancers that further sub-optimize the treatment of patients. Therefore, preventive strategies are of paramount importance to improve the prognosis of this dismal disease. Since obstacles exist for primary prevention via risk factor elimination, the current rationale for esophageal cancer prevention is to identify high-risk groups at earlier stages of the disease, and encourage them to get a confirmatory diagnosis, prompt treatment, and intensive surveillance for secondary prevention. Novel biomarkers for identifying specific at-risk populations are under extensive investigation. Advances in image-enhanced endoscopy do not just substantially improve our ability to identify small precancerous or cancerous foci, but can also accurately predict their invasiveness. Research input from the basic sciences should be translated into preventive measures in order to decrease the disease burden of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shuan Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang YW, Luo J, Weng YI, Mutch DG, Goodfellow PJ, Miller DS, Huang THM. Promoter hypermethylation of CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 associated with microsatellite instability in endometrial carcinomas. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 117:239-47. [PMID: 20211485 PMCID: PMC2849881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA promoter methylation is an epigenetic phenomenon for long-term gene silencing during tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to identify novel hypermethylated loci associated with clinicopathologic variables in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. METHODS To find hypermethylated promoter loci, we used differential methylation hybridization coupling with microarray and further validated by combined bisulfite restriction analysis and MassARRAY assay. Methylation levels of candidate loci were corrected with clinicopathologic factors of endometrial carcinomas. RESULTS Increased promoter methylation of CIDE, HAAO and RXFP3 was detected in endometrial carcinomas compared with adjacent normal tissues, and was associated with decreased gene expression of all three genes. In a clinical cohort, promoter hypermethylation on CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 was detected in 85, 63 and 71% of endometrial carcinomas, respectively (n=118, P<0.001) compared with uninvolved normal endometrium. Methylation status of CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 had significant association with microsatellite instability in tumors (P<0.001). Furthermore, methylation levels of HAAO were further found to relate to disease-free survivals (P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of CIDEA, HAAO and RXFP3 promoter regions appears to be a frequent event in endometrial carcinomas. Hypermethylation at these loci is strongly associated with microsatellite instability status. Moreover, HAAO methylation predicts disease-free survival in this cohort of patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Huang
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yu-I Weng
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David G. Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul J. Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David S. Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tim H.-M. Huang
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus are cancers that develop from distinct epithelial sub-types; however, they are both related to chronic inflammation of differing aetiologies. Inflammation leads to somatically inherited genetic mutations altering control of the cell cycle, DNA replication and apoptosis, which together result in autonomous and uncontrolled proliferation. These cancers have often metastasised to lymph nodes and distant organs before symptomatic presentation and therefore carry a poor prognosis. It is therefore vital to diagnose oesophageal cancer at an early stage, before the development of symptoms, when treatment can dramatically improve prognosis. Understanding the pathogenesis of these cancers is vital to guide early diagnostic strategies.
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