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Gulla S, Reddy VC, Araveti PB, Lomada D, Srivastava A, Reddy MC, Reddy KR. Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) conjugated with quercetin and its in vivo antitumor activity against skin cancer. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sun CC, Li Y, Yin ZP, Zhang QF. Physicochemical properties of dihydromyricetin and the effects of ascorbic acid on its stability and bioavailability. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3862-3869. [PMID: 33336364 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural dihydroflavonol with many bioactive effects. However, the physicochemical properties of DMY related to its bioavailability, especially its stability, are unclear. RESULTS The effects of pH, temperature, metal ions and ascorbic acid (AA) on the stability of DMY were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The bioavailability of DMY in the presence and absence of AA was compared. Dihydromyricetin was unstable in weak alkaline solutions, and the degradation was significantly accelerated in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe3+ . The degradation process followed the first-order kinetic model. The degradation rate constant (k) increased with increasing pH and temperature. The remaining DMY was only 49% of its initial concnentration after 4 h in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at 37 °C. However, by supplementing with AA, the degradation of DMY was rarely occured within 6 h. The solubility of DMY at pH 3-5 was about 750 μg mL-1 , slightly increasing to 853 μg mL-1 at pH 6. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the bioavailability of DMY increased from 0.122% to 0.341% by supplementing with AA (10% of DMY). CONCLUSION The degradation of DMY is one reason for its poor bioavailability. The presence of AA could significantly improve the stability of DMY, and further improve its bioavailability in rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Rather RA, Bhagat M. Quercetin as an innovative therapeutic tool for cancer chemoprevention: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human health. Cancer Med 2020; 9:9181-9192. [PMID: 31568659 PMCID: PMC7774748 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease afflicting human health worldwide. Recent advances in drug discovery infrastructure and molecular approaches have helped a lot in identifying the novel drug targets for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, the morbidity and mortality rates because of this disease keep on rising at an alarming rate. Recently, the use of natural and synthetic molecules as innovative therapeutic tools for cancer prevention has lead to the development of cancer chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention is a prophylactic strategy that involves the chronic administration of one or more natural or synthetic agents to block, to inhibit, or to suppress the process of cancer development before it becomes an invasive disease. Quercetin, a dietary bioflavonoid, can specifically retard the growth of cancer cells and behaves as a potent cancer chemopreventive agent. Quercetin has multiple intracellular targets in a cancer cell. Therefore, many mechanisms have been postulated to explain its chemopreventive action. The chemopreventive effects elicited by this natural molecule in different model systems are believed to include antioxidant/pro-oxidant action, regulation of redox homeostasis, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory action, modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, alterations in gene expression patterns, inhibition of Ras gene expression, and modulation of signal transduction pathways. However, cell signaling networks have recently garnered attention as common molecular target for various chemopreventive effects of quercetin. In this review, we made an attempt to critically summarize the emerging knowledge on the role of quercetin in cancer chemoprevention and the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in its chemopreventive and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq A. Rather
- School of BiotechnologyUniversity of JammuJammu and KashmirIndia
| | - Madhulika Bhagat
- School of BiotechnologyUniversity of JammuJammu and KashmirIndia
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Fujisaki H, Futaki S, Yamada M, Sekiguchi K, Hayashi T, Ikejima T, Hattori S. Respective optimal calcium concentrations for proliferation on type I collagen fibrils in two keratinocyte line cells, HaCaT and FEPE1L-8. Regen Ther 2018; 8:73-79. [PMID: 30271869 PMCID: PMC6146901 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte line cells HaCaT and FEPE1L-8 are used for skin model with type I collagen fibrils (gels). For this purpose, not only differentiation but also regulation of proliferation on type I collagen gels by exogenous calcium concentration is important. When exogenous calcium concentration is low, primary keratinocyte proliferation is repressed and eventually cells are induced to apoptosis on type I collagen gels. The apoptosis induced on type I collagen gels is suppressed by increasing calcium concentration in the medium. That is, higher exogenous calcium concentration is necessary for primary keratinocyte survival on type I collagen gels than for that on dish surface culture. Meanwhile much higher exogenous calcium causes cell differentiation and inhibition of proliferation. The optimal calcium concentrations for proliferation on type I collagen gels have not been clarified in keratinocyte line cells. HaCaT cells have a unique calcium sensitivity in comparison with primary keratinocytes, whereas FEPE1L-8 cells have a similar sensitivity to primary keratinocytes. In this study, we compared the effect of calcium concentrations on proliferation of HaCaT and FEPE1L-8 cells on type I collagen gels. On type I collagen gels, both line cells required higher calcium concentrations for proliferation than on dish surface. HaCaT cells proliferated better in a wider range of calcium concentrations than FEPE1L-8 cells.
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Key Words
- Calcium concentration
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DMEM (0), DMEM supplemented without fetal bovine serum
- DMEM (10), DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- IP3, inositol trisphosphate
- K110, K110 type II medium
- Keratinocyte proliferation
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- PI, propidium iodide
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-OH-kinase
- PIP2, hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate
- PKC, protein kinase C
- Type I collagen gel
- WST-8, (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sugiko Futaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamada
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
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5
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Ogawa M, Yamanashi Y, Takada T, Abe K, Kobayashi S. Effect of luteolin on the expression of intestinal cholesterol transporters. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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6
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Magcwebeba T, Swart P, Swanevelder S, Joubert E, Gelderblom W. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aspalathus linearis and Cyclopia spp. Extracts in a UVB/Keratinocyte (HaCaT) Model Utilising Interleukin-1α Accumulation as Biomarker. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101323. [PMID: 27706097 PMCID: PMC6274390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is one of the major predisposing risk factors of skin cancer. The anticancer and photoprotective effects of unoxidized rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia) herbal teas, containing high levels of dihydrochalones and xanthones, respectively, have been demonstrated in skin cancer models in vivo. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of these herbal teas were investigated in a UVB/HaCaT keratinocyte model with intracellular interleukin-1α (icIL-1α) accumulation as a biomarker. Extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis) served as benchmark. Both extracts of green tea and rooibos, as well as the aqueous extract of C. intermedia, enhanced UVB-induced inhibition of cell viability, proliferation and induction of apoptosis, facilitating the removal of icIL-1α. The underlying mechanisms may involve mitochondrial dysfunction exhibiting pro-oxidant responses via polyphenol-iron interactions. The methanol extracts of honeybush, however, protected against UVB-induced reduction of cell growth parameters, presumably via antioxidant mechanisms that prevented the removal of highly inflamed icIL-1α-containing keratinocytes via apoptosis. The dual antioxidant and/or pro-oxidant role of the polyphenolic herbal tea constituents should be considered in developing preventive strategies against UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. The indirect removal of UVB damaged keratinocytes by herbal tea extracts via apoptosis may find application in the prevention of photo-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandeka Magcwebeba
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Pieter Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Sonja Swanevelder
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (Infruitec-Nietvoorbij), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Wentzel Gelderblom
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
- Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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The Possible Role of Flavonoids in the Prevention of Diabetic Complications. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050310. [PMID: 27213445 PMCID: PMC4882722 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects many metabolic pathways. It is associated with insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, abnormal glucose levels, altered lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation and increased oxidative stress. These and other unknown mechanisms lead to micro- and macro-complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Based on several in vitro animal models and some human studies, flavonoids appear to play a role in many of the metabolic processes involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we seek to highlight the most recent papers focusing on the relationship between flavonoids and main diabetic complications.
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Orrego-Lagarón N, Martínez-Huélamo M, Quifer-Rada P, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Escribano-Ferrer E. Absorption and disposition of naringenin and quercetin after simultaneous administration via intestinal perfusion in mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:3880-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As common constituents of vegetables, naringenin and quercetin are ingested together; for a clearer understanding of their bioavailability it is insightful to study them together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Orrego-Lagarón
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB)
- University of Barcelona
- E-08028 Barcelona
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- E-28029 Madrid
- Spain
- Nutrition
- Food Science and Gastronomy Department
| | - Paola Quifer-Rada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- E-28029 Madrid
- Spain
- Nutrition
- Food Science and Gastronomy Department
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- E-28029 Madrid
- Spain
- Nutrition
- Food Science and Gastronomy Department
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB)
- University of Barcelona
- E-08028 Barcelona
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9
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A Potent Inhibitor of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Signalling, Quercetin (3, 3', 4', 5, 7-Pentahydroxyflavone) Promotes Cell Death in Ultraviolet (UV)-B-Irradiated B16F10 Melanoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131253. [PMID: 26148186 PMCID: PMC4493061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation–induced skin damage contributes strongly to the formation of melanoma, a highly lethal form of skin cancer. Quercetin (Qu), the most widely consumed dietary bioflavonoid and well known inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling, has been reported to be chemopreventive in several forms of non-melanoma skin cancers. Here, we report that the treatment of ultraviolet (UV)-B-irradiated B16F10 melanoma cells with quercetin resulted in a dose dependent reduction in cell viability and increased apoptosis. The present study has brought out that the pro-apoptotic effects of quercetin in UVB-irradiated B16F10 cells are mediated through the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, calcium homeostasis imbalance, modulation of anti-oxidant defence response and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Promotion of UVB-induced cell death by quercetin was further revealed by cleavage of chromosomal DNA, caspase activation, poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and an increase in sub-G1 cells. Quercetin markedly attenuated MEK-ERK signalling, influenced PI3K/Akt pathway, and potentially enhanced the UVB-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, combined UVB and quercetin treatment decreased the ratio of Bcl-2 to that of Bax, and upregulated the expression of Bim and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Overall, these results suggest the possibility of using quercetin in combination with UVB as a possible treatment option for melanoma in future.
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10
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Gomes IBS, Porto ML, Santos MCLFS, Campagnaro BP, Pereira TMC, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC. Renoprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of oral low-dose quercetin in the C57BL/6J model of diabetic nephropathy. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:184. [PMID: 25481305 PMCID: PMC4271322 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease in diabetic patients. Increasing evidence from studies in the rodents has suggested that this disease is associated with increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia. In the present study, we evaluated the renoprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of the flavonoid quercetin in C57BL/6J model of DN. Methods DN was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg/day, for 3 days) in adult C57BL/6J mice. Six weeks later, mice were divided into the following groups: diabetic mice treated with quercetin (DQ, 10 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks), diabetic mice treated with vehicle (DV) or non-treated non-diabetic (ND) mice. Results Quercetin treatment caused a reduction in polyuria (~45%) and glycemia (~35%), abolished the hypertriglyceridemia and had significant effects on renal function including, decreased proteinuria and high plasma levels of uric acid, urea and creatinine, which were accompanied by beneficial effects on the structural changes of the kidney including glomerulosclerosis. Flow cytometry showed a decrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis in DN mice. Conclusion Taken together, these data show that quercetin effectively attenuated STZ-induced cytotoxicity in renal tissue. This study provides convincing experimental evidence and perspectives on the renoprotective effects of quercetin in diabetic mice and outlines a novel therapeutic strategy for this flavonoid in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, UFES, Vitoria, Brazil.
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11
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Dickinson SE, Rusche JJ, Bec SL, Horn DJ, Janda J, Rim SH, Smith CL, Bowden GT. The effect of sulforaphane on histone deacetylase activity in keratinocytes: Differences between in vitro and in vivo analyses. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1513-20. [PMID: 25307283 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane is a natural product found in broccoli, which is known to exert many different molecular effects in the cell, including inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Here, we examine for the first time the potential for sulforaphane to inhibit HDACs in HaCaT keratinocytes and compare our results with those found using HCT116 colon cancer cells. Significant inhibition of HDAC activity in HCT116 nuclear extracts required prolonged exposure to sulforaphane in the presence of serum. Under the same conditions HaCaT nuclear extracts did not exhibit reduced HDAC activity with sulforaphane treatment. Both cell types displayed down-regulation of HDAC protein levels by sulforaphane treatment. Despite these reductions in HDAC family member protein levels, acetylation of marker proteins (acetylated Histone H3, H4, and tubulin) was decreased by sulforaphane treatment. Time-course analysis revealed that HDAC6, HDAC3, and acetylated histone H3 protein levels are significantly inhibited as early as 6 h into sulforaphane treatment. Transcript levels of HDAC6 are also suppressed after 48 h of treatment. These results suggest that HDAC activity noted in nuclear extracts is not always translated as expected to target protein acetylation patterns, despite dramatic inhibition of some HDAC protein levels. In addition, our data suggest that keratinocytes are at least partially resistant to the nuclear HDAC inhibitory effects of sulforaphane, which is exhibited in HCT116 and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Dickinson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jadrian J Rusche
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sergiu L Bec
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David J Horn
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jaroslav Janda
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - So Hyun Rim
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Catharine L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - G Timothy Bowden
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Dickinson SE, Olson ER, Levenson C, Janda J, Rusche JJ, Alberts DS, Bowden GT. A novel chemopreventive mechanism for a traditional medicine: East Indian sandalwood oil induces autophagy and cell death in proliferating keratinocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014. [PMID: 25004464 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.021.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary components of the East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO) is α-santalol, a molecule that has been investigated for its potential use as a chemopreventive agent in skin cancer. Although there is some evidence that α-santalol could be an effective chemopreventive agent, to date, purified EISO has not been extensively investigated even though it is widely used in cultures around the world for its health benefits as well as for its fragrance and as a cosmetic. In the current study, we show for the first time that EISO-treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes results in a blockade of cell cycle progression as well as a concentration-dependent inhibition of UV-induced AP-1 activity, two major cellular effects known to drive skin carcinogenesis. Unlike many chemopreventive agents, these effects were not mediated through an inhibition of signaling upstream of AP-1, as EISO treatment did not inhibit UV-induced Akt or MAPK activity. Low concentrations of EISO were found to induce HaCaT cell death, although not through apoptosis as annexin V and PARP cleavage were not found to increase with EISO treatment. However, plasma membrane integrity was severely compromised in EISO-treated cells, which may have led to cleavage of LC3 and the induction of autophagy. These effects were more pronounced in cells stimulated to proliferate with bovine pituitary extract and EGF prior to receiving EISO. Together, these effects suggest that EISO may exert beneficial effects upon skin, reducing the likelihood of promotion of pre-cancerous cells to actinic keratosis (AK) and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Dickinson
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Erik R Olson
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Corey Levenson
- Santalis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslav Janda
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jadrian J Rusche
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David S Alberts
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - G Timothy Bowden
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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13
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Dickinson SE, Olson ER, Levenson C, Janda J, Rusche JJ, Alberts DS, Bowden GT. A novel chemopreventive mechanism for a traditional medicine: East Indian sandalwood oil induces autophagy and cell death in proliferating keratinocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 558:143-52. [PMID: 25004464 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary components of the East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO) is α-santalol, a molecule that has been investigated for its potential use as a chemopreventive agent in skin cancer. Although there is some evidence that α-santalol could be an effective chemopreventive agent, to date, purified EISO has not been extensively investigated even though it is widely used in cultures around the world for its health benefits as well as for its fragrance and as a cosmetic. In the current study, we show for the first time that EISO-treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes results in a blockade of cell cycle progression as well as a concentration-dependent inhibition of UV-induced AP-1 activity, two major cellular effects known to drive skin carcinogenesis. Unlike many chemopreventive agents, these effects were not mediated through an inhibition of signaling upstream of AP-1, as EISO treatment did not inhibit UV-induced Akt or MAPK activity. Low concentrations of EISO were found to induce HaCaT cell death, although not through apoptosis as annexin V and PARP cleavage were not found to increase with EISO treatment. However, plasma membrane integrity was severely compromised in EISO-treated cells, which may have led to cleavage of LC3 and the induction of autophagy. These effects were more pronounced in cells stimulated to proliferate with bovine pituitary extract and EGF prior to receiving EISO. Together, these effects suggest that EISO may exert beneficial effects upon skin, reducing the likelihood of promotion of pre-cancerous cells to actinic keratosis (AK) and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Dickinson
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Erik R Olson
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Corey Levenson
- Santalis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslav Janda
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jadrian J Rusche
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David S Alberts
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - G Timothy Bowden
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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14
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One step poly(quercetin) particle preparation as biocolloid and its characterization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pham A, Bortolazzo A, White JB. Rapid dimerization of quercetin through an oxidative mechanism in the presence of serum albumin decreases its ability to induce cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Maini S, Hodgson HL, Krol ES. The UVA and aqueous stability of flavonoids is dependent on B-ring substitution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6966-6976. [PMID: 22715887 DOI: 10.1021/jf3016128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin are believed to provide protection against ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage to plants. Recent in vitro studies have examined the ability of flavonols to protect against UV-induced damage to mammalian cells. Stability of flavonols in cell culture media, however, has been problematic, especially for quercetin, one of the most widely studied flavonols. As part of our investigations into the potential for flavonols to protect skin against UV-induced damage, we have determined the stability of a series of flavonols that differ only in the number of substituents on the B-ring. We measured the stability of these flavonols over time to UVA radiation, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The identification of the breakdown products of flavonols was accomplished by using a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer coupled with liquid chromatography. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis (MS/MS) of flavonol photoproducts was confirmed by comparing with the known standard samples. We have determined that flavonol stability decreases with increasing B-ring substitution, suggesting that future investigation of potential photoprotective flavonols will need to be cognizant of this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabia Maini
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Olson ER, Melton T, Dickinson SE, Dong Z, Alberts DS, Bowden GT. Quercetin potentiates UVB-Induced c-Fos expression: implications for its use as a chemopreventive agent. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:876-84. [PMID: 20551291 PMCID: PMC2925138 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (Qu) is currently being investigated as a chemopreventive agent for several cancers, including nonmelanoma skin cancer induced by UV light. We previously reported that Qu degradation has important consequences on signaling and cell biology. In the current study, we report that Qu induces c-Fos mRNA and protein expression through activation of p38 and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), and Qu potentiates UVB-induced c-Fos expression. Inclusion of ascorbic acid (AA) in cell culture medium stabilizes Qu and completely prevents both Qu- and UVB-induced p38 and CREB activation, leading to a blockade of c-fos gene expression through reduced CREB/cAMP-responsive element binding. AA stabilizes c-Fos mRNA, increasing steady-state levels even when c-fos gene expression is suppressed, but this has no effect on c-Fos protein levels in either mock- or UVB-irradiated cells. We report that Qu blocks mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and inhibits c-Fos protein expression directly through this mechanism because cotreatment with Qu and AA resulted in the complete suppression of UVB-induced c-Fos protein expression even in the presence of significantly increased mRNA levels. We further confirmed that this was not due to increased protein turnover because inhibition of proteasome activity with MG-132 did not raise c-Fos protein levels in Qu+AA-treated cells. Together, these data indicate that although Qu has been reported to have some beneficial properties as a chemopreventive agent, it is also capable of inducing c-fos expression, a cellular event important for the promotion phase of tumor development, if it is not stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Olson
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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