1
|
Yang X, Zhang H, Qu T, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Yan Y, Ji X, Chi T, Liu P, Zou L. Tolfenamic acid inhibits ROS-generating oxidase Nox1-regulated p53 activity in intrastriatal injection of malonic acid rats. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:15. [PMID: 35850611 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that wild-type p53-induced gene 1 (Wig1), which is downstream of p53, regulates the expression of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) in Huntington's disease (HD) patients and transgenic mouse brains. Intrastriatal injection of malonic acid in rats is often used as a model to study the pathological changes of Huntington's disease, and this model has the advantages of a fast preparation and low cost. Therefore, in this study, we used intrastriatal injections of 6 μM malonic acid in rats to evaluate the effect of tolfenamic acid on motor and cognitive deficits and the effect of 6 mg/kg and 32 mg/kg tolfenamic acid on p53 and its downstream targets, such as Wig1. The results showed that 32 mg/kg tolfenamic acid attenuated motor and spatial memory dysfunction, prevented Nox1-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and downregulated the activity of p53 by increasing the phosphorylation level at the Ser378 site and decreasing the acetylation level at the Lys382 site. Tolfenamic acid reduced mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2), phosphatase and tensin homologue (Pten), P53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) and Bcl2-associated X (Bax) at the mRNA level to inhibit apoptosis and downregulated sestrin 2 (Sesn2) and hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (Hif-1α) mRNA levels to exert antioxidative stress effects. In addition, 32 mg/kg tolfenamic acid played a role in neuroprotection by decreasing the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive cell numbers. However, there was no difference in the Wig mRNA level among all groups, and tolfenamic acid could not decrease the protein level of Wig1. In conclusion, tolfenamic acid inhibited the ROS-generating oxidase Nox1-regulated p53 activity and attenuated motor and spatial memory deficits in malonic acid-injected rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Heling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Tong Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongxian Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuchen Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Tiayan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fletcher R, Tong J, Risnik D, Leibowitz B, Wang YJ, Concha-Benavente F, DeLiberty JM, Stolz DB, Pai RK, Ferris RL, Schoen RE, Yu J, Zhang L. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce immunogenic cell death in suppressing colorectal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2021; 40:2035-2050. [PMID: 33603166 PMCID: PMC7981263 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism by which NSAIDs suppress colorectal tumorigenesis remains unclear. We previously showed that NSAIDs selectively kill emerging tumor cells via death receptor (DR) signaling and a synthetic lethal interaction mediated by the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BID. In this study, we found NSAIDs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to activate DR signaling and BID in tumor suppression. Importantly, our results unveiled an ER stress- and BID-dependent immunogenic effect of NSAIDs, which may be critical for tumor suppression. NSAID treatment induced hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in CRC cells and colonic epithelial cells upon loss of APC tumor suppressor, and elevated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the polyps of APCMin/+ mice. ER stress inhibition or BID deletion abrogated the antitumor and immunogenic effects of NSAIDs. Furthermore, increased ER stress and TILs were detected in human advanced adenomas from NSAID-treated patients. Together, our results suggest that NSAIDs induce ER stress- and BID-mediated ICD to restore immunosurveillance and suppress colorectal tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Fletcher
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jingshan Tong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Denise Risnik
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian Leibowitz
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fernando Concha-Benavente
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Departments of Otolaryngology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan M. DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Reet K. Pai
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert L. Ferris
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Departments of Otolaryngology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aboelella NS, Brandle C, Kim T, Ding ZC, Zhou G. Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050986. [PMID: 33673398 PMCID: PMC7956301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells are consistently under oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. This feature has been exploited to develop therapeutic strategies that control tumor growth by modulating the oxidative stress in tumor cells. This review provides an overview of recent advances in cancer therapies targeting tumor oxidative stress, and highlights the emerging evidence implicating the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in intensifying tumor oxidative stress. The promises and challenges of combining ROS-inducing agents with cancer immunotherapy are also discussed. Abstract It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada S. Aboelella
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Caitlin Brandle
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
| | - Timothy Kim
- The Center for Undergraduate Research and Scholarship, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-4472
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Tao R, Mao T, Feng Z, Guo Q, Zhang X. The involvement of lipid raft pathway in suppression of TGFβ-mediated metastasis by tolfenamic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114696. [PMID: 31381904 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ signaling plays an important role in orchestrating a favorable microenvironment for tumor cell growth and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As a conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammation drugs, tolfenamic acid (TA) has been previously reported to exhibit anti-cancer activity. Herein, we investigated the effect of TA on TGFβ-mediated pro-metastatic activity and the underlying mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a result, TA suppresses TGFβ-induced migration and glycolysis in HCC cells, which is accompanied with reduced Smad phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear transcription activity. Mechanistically, TA promotes lipid raft-caveolar internalization pathway of TGFβ receptor, therefore leading to its rapid turnover. Consistently, TA inhibits constitutively active TGFβ type I receptor induced Smad phosphorylation and EMT markers, whereas ectopic expression of TGFβ type II receptor could partially rescue TGFβ-mediated Smad2 phosphorylation and downstream genes expression in the presence of TA. Furthermore, TA inhibited HCC cells invasion in nude mice, associated with the alteration of characteristics related with EMT and glycolysis of cancer cells. Our study suggests TA could activate lipid raft pathway and modulate TGFβ mediated metastasis, implicating the potential application of TA as a modulator of tumor microenvironment in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Role of the ER-Induced UPR Pathway and the Efficacy of Its Inhibitors and Inducers in the Inhibition of Tumor Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5729710. [PMID: 30863482 PMCID: PMC6378054 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5729710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death worldwide. It is considered to be one of the most dangerous diseases, and there is still no effective treatment for many types of cancer. Since cancerous cells have a high proliferation rate, it is pivotal for their proper functioning to have the well-functioning protein machinery. Correct protein processing and folding are crucial to maintain tumor homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the leading factors that cause disturbances in these processes. It is induced by impaired function of the ER and accumulation of unfolded proteins. Induction of ER stress affects many molecular pathways that cause the unfolded protein response (UPR). This is the way in which cells can adapt to the new conditions, but when ER stress cannot be resolved, the UPR induces cell death. The molecular mechanisms of this double-edged sword process are involved in the transition of the UPR either in a cell protection mechanism or in apoptosis. However, this process remains poorly understood but seems to be crucial in the treatment of many diseases that are related to ER stress. Hence, understanding the ER stress response, especially in the aspect of pathological consequences of UPR, has the potential to allow us to develop novel therapies and new diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tarushi A, Zampakou M, Perontsis S, Lafazanis K, Pantazaki AA, Hatzidimitriou AG, Geromichalos GD, Psomas G. Manganese(II) complexes of tolfenamic acid or naproxen in polymeric structures or encapsulated in [15-MC-5] manganese(III) metallacrowns: Structure and biological activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
7
|
Decursinol Angelate Inhibits LPS-Induced Macrophage Polarization through Modulation of the NFκB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081880. [PMID: 30060484 PMCID: PMC6222640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered the root cause of various inflammatory diseases, including cancers. Decursinol angelate (DA), a pyranocoumarin compound obtained from the roots of Angelica gigas, has been reported to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of DA on the MAP kinase and NFκB signaling pathways and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage (Raw 264.7) cell lines. PMA induced the activation of the MAP kinase-NFκB pathway and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in differentiated monocytes. Treatment with DA inhibited the activation of MAP kinases and the translocation of NFκB, and decreased the expression and exogenous secretion of IL-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were found to have increased expression of M1 macrophage-associated markers, such as NADPH oxidase (NOX) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the M2 macrophage-associated marker CD11b. LPS also activated pro-inflammatory cytokines and Erk-NFκB. Treatment with DA suppressed LPS-induced macrophage polarization and the inflammatory response by blocking Raf-ERK and the translocation of NFκB in Raw 264.7 cells. Treatment with DA also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, NOX, and iNOS in Raw 264.7 cells. These results suggest that DA has the potential to inhibit macrophage polarization and inflammation by blocking the activation of pro-inflammatory signals. These anti-inflammatory effects of DA may contribute to its potential use as a therapeutic strategy against various inflammation-induced cancers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, Ahmad I. Tolfenamic Acid. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2018; 43:255-319. [PMID: 29678262 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and belongs to the group of fenamates. It is used as a potent pain reliever in the treatment of acute migraine attacks, and disorders like dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis. TA has shown excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against certain ATCC strains of bacteria when complexed with bismuth(III). It has also been reported to block pathological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the recent past, TA has also been used as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of various cancers. In view of the clinical importance of TA, a comprehensive review of the physical and pharmaceutical properties and details of the various analytical methods used for the assay of the drug in pharmaceutical and biological systems has been made. The methods reviewed include identification tests and titrimetric, spectrophotometric, chromatographic, electrochemical, thermal, microscopic, enzymatic, and solid-state techniques. Along with the analytical profile, the stability and degradation of TA, its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, dosage forms and dose, adverse effects and toxicity, and interactions have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ahmed
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mokarram P, Albokashy M, Zarghooni M, Moosavi MA, Sepehri Z, Chen QM, Hudecki A, Sargazi A, Alizadeh J, Moghadam AR, Hashemi M, Movassagh H, Klonisch T, Owji AA, Łos MJ, Ghavami S. New frontiers in the treatment of colorectal cancer: Autophagy and the unfolded protein response as promising targets. Autophagy 2017; 13:781-819. [PMID: 28358273 PMCID: PMC5446063 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1290751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts, still remains a major life-threatening malignancy. CRC etiology entails both genetic and environmental factors. Macroautophagy/autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of cellular responses to environmental and genetic stresses. Both pathways are interconnected and regulate cellular responses to apoptotic stimuli. In this review, we address the epidemiology and risk factors of CRC, including genetic mutations leading to the occurrence of the disease. Next, we discuss mutations of genes related to autophagy and the UPR in CRC. Then, we discuss how autophagy and the UPR are involved in the regulation of CRC and how they associate with obesity and inflammatory responses in CRC. Finally, we provide perspectives for the modulation of autophagy and the UPR as new therapeutic options for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Mokarram
- a Colorectal Research Center and Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammed Albokashy
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- c Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran.,d University of Toronto Alumni , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- e Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Sepehri
- c Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran
| | - Qi Min Chen
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | | | | | - Javad Alizadeh
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Adel Rezaei Moghadam
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- g Department of Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Hesam Movassagh
- h Department of Immunology , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Ali Akbar Owji
- i Department of Clinical Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Shiraz Medical University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Marek J Łos
- j Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland ; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB , Sweden
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science , Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,k Health Policy Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ertem FU, Zhang W, Chang K, Mohaiza Dashwood W, Rajendran P, Sun D, Abudayyeh A, Vilar E, Abdelrahim M, Dashwood RH. Oncogenic targets Mmp7, S100a9, Nppb and Aldh1a3 from transcriptome profiling of FAP and Pirc adenomas are downregulated in response to tumor suppression by Clotam. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:460-468. [PMID: 27706811 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intervention strategies in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients and other high-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) populations have highlighted a critical need for endoscopy combined with safe and effective preventive agents. We performed transcriptome profiling of colorectal adenomas from FAP patients and the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) preclinical model, and prioritized molecular targets for prevention studies in vivo. At clinically relevant doses in the Pirc model, the drug Clotam (tolfenamic acid, TA) was highly effective at suppressing tumorigenesis both in the colon and in the small intestine, when administered alone or in combination with Sulindac. Cell proliferation in the colonic crypts was reduced significantly by TA, coincident with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased Survivin, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase 7. From the list of differentially expressed genes prioritized by transcriptome profiling, Mmp7, S100a9, Nppb and Aldh1a3 were defined as key oncogene candidates downregulated in colon tumors after TA treatment. Monthly colonoscopies revealed the rapid onset of tumor suppression by TA in the Pirc model, and the temporal changes in Mmp7, S100a9, Nppb and Aldh1a3, highlighting their value as potential early biomarkers for prevention in the clinical setting. We conclude that TA, an "old drug" repurposed from migraine, offers an exciting new therapeutic avenue in FAP and other high-risk CRC patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furkan U Ertem
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wan Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim KJ, Chei S, Choi SY, Lee OH, Lee BY. Pterostilbene activates the GRP78–elF2α–ATF3 cascade of ER stress and subsequently induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
12
|
Nickel(II) complexes of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid: Synthesis, structure, antioxidant activity and interaction with albumins and calf-thymus DNA. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Ha T, Lou Z, Baek SJ, Lee SH. Tolfenamic acid downregulates β-catenin in colon cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:287-293. [PMID: 27089389 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid is one of the fenamic acid-derived non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activities in several types of cancer. Both mutations and aberrant expression of β-catenin are highly associated with progression of cancer. Therefore, β-catenin is considered to be a promising molecular target for cancer prevention and treatment. The current study investigates the role of tolfenamic acid on β-catenin expression in colon cancer. Treatment with tolfenamic acid led to inhibition of cell growth and down-regulation of β-catenin expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human colon cancer cell lines. Reduction of β-catenin upon tolfenamic acid treatment was associated with ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, without affecting mRNA level and promoter activity of β-catenin. In addition, treatment with tolfenamic acid downregulated Smad2 and Smad3 expression, while overexpression of Smad2, but not Smad3, blocked tolfenamic acid-induced suppression of β-catenin expression. Tolfenamic acid also decreased expression of β-catenin target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared to adjacent normal tissue, intestinal tumor tissues of Apc(Min/+) mice exhibited increased expression of β-catenin, Smad2, Smad3, and VEGF, which were down-regulated with tolfenamic acid treatment at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight. In conclusion, our findings suggest that tolfenamic acid inhibits growth of colon cancer cells through downregulation of Smad2 and, subsequently, facilitating ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated β-catenin degradation in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taekyu Ha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Lou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mügge FL, Silva AM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the roadway for the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ersc-2015-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver the past decade, a handful of evidence has been provided that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display effects on the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Their uptake into cells will eventually lead to activation or inhibition of key molecules that mediate ER stress responses, raising not only a growing interest for a pharmacological target in ER stress responses but also important questions how the ER-stress mediated effects induced by NSAIDs could be therapeutically advantageous or not. We review here the toxicity effects and therapeutic applications of NSAIDs involving the three majors ER stress arms namely PERK, IRE1, and ATF6. First, we provide brief introduction on the well-established and characterized downstream events mediated by these ER stress players, followed by presentation of the NSAIDs compounds and mode of action, and finally their effects on ER stress response. NSAIDs present promising drug agents targeting the components of ER stress in different aspects of cancer and other diseases, but a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying their benefits and harms will certainly pave the road for several diseases’ therapy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang WA, Groenendyk J, Michalak M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress associated responses in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Liggett JL, Zhang X, Eling TE, Baek SJ. Anti-tumor activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: cyclooxygenase-independent targets. Cancer Lett 2014; 346:217-24. [PMID: 24486220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively for analgesic and antipyretic treatments. In addition, NSAIDs reduce the risk and mortality to several cancers. Their mechanisms in anti-tumorigenesis are not fully understood, but both cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent and -independent pathways play a role. We and others have been interested in elucidating molecular targets of NSAID-induced apoptosis. In this review, we summarize updated literature regarding cellular and molecular targets modulated by NSAIDs. Among those NSAIDs, sulindac sulfide and tolfenamic acid are emphasized in this review because these two drugs have been well investigated for their anti-tumorigenic activity in many different types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Liggett
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Thomas E Eling
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
| |
Collapse
|