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Alcorta A, López-Gómez L, Capasso R, Abalo R. Vitamins and fatty acids against chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 261:108689. [PMID: 38972454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has allowed an increase in cancer survivorship, but it causes important adverse effects. Mucositis affecting the gastrointestinal tract is one of the main problems acutely caused by many antineoplastic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil or methotrexate. Mucositis may cause pain, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, systemic infections and even death. This narrative review focuses on intestinal mucositis and the role that some nutraceuticals, namely vitamins (both lipid- and water-soluble) as well as fatty acids (FAs) and lipid-based products, can have in it. In preclinical (cell cultures, animal models) and/or human studies, vitamins A, D, E, B2, B9 and C, omega-3 long-chain FAs (eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, conjugated linoleic acid), short-chain FAs (mainly butyrate), medium-chain FAs (capric acid), and different lipid-based products (emu oil, extra-virgin olive oil, lipid replacement therapy), enriched in beneficial FAs and natural antioxidants, were shown to exert beneficial effects (both preventative and palliative) against chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. Although the exact mechanisms of action involved in these effects are not yet well known, our review highlights the interest of investigating on diet and nutrition to implement scientifically robust strategies to improve protection of cancer patients against chemotherapy-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alcorta
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), URJC, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), URJC, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; Associated R+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society (Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia de la Sociedad Española del Dolor), 28046 Madrid, Spain; Working Group of Basic Sciences on Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society (Grupo de Trabajo de Cannabinoides de la Sociedad Española del Dolor), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Pereira F, Fernández-Barral A, Larriba MJ, Barbáchano A, González-Sancho JM. From molecular basis to clinical insights: a challenging future for the vitamin D endocrine system in colorectal cancer. FEBS J 2024; 291:2485-2518. [PMID: 37699548 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life-threatening neoplasias in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of CRC. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the most active vitamin D metabolite, is a pleiotropic hormone that, through its binding to a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 acts on colon carcinoma and stromal cells and displays tumor protective actions. Here, we review the variety of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in CRC, which affect multiple processes that are dysregulated during tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiological data that associate vitamin D deficiency and CRC, and the most relevant randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation conducted in both healthy individuals and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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3
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Grzesiak M, Herian M, Kamińska K, Ajersch P. Insight into vitamin D 3 action within the ovary-Basic and clinical aspects. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:99-130. [PMID: 39059995 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble secosteroid predominantly synthesized in the skin or delivered with a diet. Nevertheless, recently it is considered more as a hormone than a vitamin due to its pleiotropic function within the organism ensured by widely distributed vitamin D receptors and metabolic enzymes. Besides the main role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, vitamin D3 was shown to regulate many cellular and metabolic processes in normal and cancerous tissues within the immune system, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the endocrine system. The ovary is an important extraskeletal tissue of vitamin D3 action and local metabolism, indicating its role in the regulation of ovarian functions upon physiological and pathological conditions. This chapter reviews firstly the updated information about vitamin D3 metabolism and triggered intracellular pathways. Furthermore, the basic information about ovarian physiology and several aspects of vitamin D3 effects within the ovary are presented. Finally, the special attention is paid into possible mechanism of vitamin D3 action within ovarian pathologies such as premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, and ovarian cancer, considering its clinical application as alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grzesiak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Kinga Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Ajersch
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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4
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Kumar A, Chinnathambi S, Kumar M, Pandian GN. Food Intake and Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1710-1742. [PMID: 37572059 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2242103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for considerable mortalities worldwide. Several modifiable risk factors, including a high intake of certain foods and beverages can cause CRC. This review summarized the latest findings on the intake of various foods, nutrients, ingredients, and beverages on CRC development, with the objective of classifying them as a risk or protective factor. High-risk food items include red meat, processed meat, eggs, high alcohol consumption, sugar-sweetened beverages, and chocolate candy. Food items that are protective include milk, cheese and other dairy products, fruits, vegetables (particularly cruciferous), whole grains, legumes (particularly soy beans), fish, tea (particularly green tea), coffee (particularly among Asians), chocolate, and moderate alcohol consumption (particularly wine). High-risk nutrients/ingredients include dietary fat from animal sources and industrial trans-fatty acids (semisolid/solid hydrogenated oils), synthetic food coloring, monosodium glutamate, titanium dioxide, and high-fructose corn sirup. Nutrients/ingredients that are protective include dietary fiber (particularly from cereals), fatty acids (medium-chain and odd-chain saturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), calcium, polyphenols, curcumin, selenium, zinc, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, and B (particularly B6, B9, and B2). A combination of micronutrients and multi-vitamins also appears to be beneficial in reducing recurrent adenoma incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Kumar
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-ICeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shanmugavel Chinnathambi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-ICeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-ICeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Gibbs DC, Barry EL, Fedirko V, Baron JA, Bostick RM. Impact of Common Vitamin D-Binding Protein Isoforms on Supplemental Vitamin D3 and/or Calcium Effects on Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence Risk: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:546-551. [PMID: 36701139 PMCID: PMC9880863 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Variants in the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene (GC) encode DBP isoforms that may affect vitamin D metabolism. However, whether these isoforms modify the effects of vitamin D3 and/or calcium supplementation on colorectal adenoma recurrence is unclear. We hypothesized that supplementation effects may be stronger among those with the DBP2 isoform (encoded by the rs4588*A allele), which is associated with vitamin D deficiency and modified the associations of circulating vitamin D with risk for colorectal neoplasms in observational studies. Objective To estimate supplemental vitamin D3 and/or calcium effects on colorectal adenoma recurrence according to 3 common DBP isoforms (DBP1s, DBP1f, DBP2) encoded by 2 missense variants: rs7041 (NG_012837.3:g.57904T>G NP_001191235.1:p.Asp432Glu) and rs4588 (NG_012837.3:g.57915C>A NP_001191235.1:p.Thr436Lys). Design, Setting, and Participants Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 2259 participants with a recently diagnosed adenoma and no remaining polyps after complete colonoscopy in the US from July 1, 2004, to August 31, 2013. The current analyses were performed from August 12, 2019, to July 16, 2022. Interventions Daily vitamin D3 (1000 IU), calcium (1200 mg), both, or placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures One or more adenomas diagnosed during 3 to 5 years of follow-up. Treatment effects were estimated according to DBP isoform as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs using Poisson regression analysis. Results Of the 2259 participants randomized (mean [SD] age, 58 [6.8] years; 1033 [64%] men), 1604 non-Hispanic White participants (chosen to avoid population stratification bias) were included in the analysis. Among those with the DBP2 isoform (rs4588*AC or AA), the RRs (95% CI) for adenoma recurrence were 0.84 (0.72-1.00) with vitamin D3 relative to no vitamin D3, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70-0.99) with calcium relative to no calcium, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.59-0.98) with both agents relative to neither agent. Conversely, among those without DBP2 (rs4588*CC), the corresponding values were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.93-1.26; P = .03 for interaction) with vitamin D3 relative to no vitamin D3, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.84-1.14; P = .37 for interaction) with calcium relative to no calcium, and 1.09 (0.88-1.36; P = .03 for interaction) with both agents relative to neither agent. Among DBP2 homozygotes (rs4588*AA), the RR for adenoma recurrence was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.31-1.08) with both agents relative to neither agent. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial suggest that individuals with the DBP2 isoform-encoding rs4588*A allele may particularly benefit from vitamin D3 and/or calcium supplementation for colorectal adenoma prevention. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00153816.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Corley Gibbs
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth L. Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - John A. Baron
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Chen M, Li L, Chai Y, Yang Y, Ma S, Pu X, Chen Y. Vitamin D can ameliorate premature ovarian failure by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33417. [PMID: 37000081 PMCID: PMC10063315 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of premature ovarian failure (POF) is mainly related to inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, its specific pathogenesis has not been clarified. Vitamin D (VD), a fat-soluble vitamin, is an essential steroid hormone in the human body. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are meshwork structures that are formed when neutrophils are stimulated by inflammation and other factors and are closely associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Notably, VD inhibits NET formation and intervenes in the development of POF in terms of inflammatory and immune responses, oxidative stress, and tissue fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to theorize the relationship between NETs, VD, and POF and provide new ideas and targets for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lailai Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yihui Chai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sibu Ma
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiang Pu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
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7
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Beccacece L, Abondio P, Bini C, Pelotti S, Luiselli D. The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044193. [PMID: 36835616 PMCID: PMC9962914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Prostanoids are the target of several drugs, but it has been shown that some of them increase the risk of thrombosis. Overall, many studies have shown that prostanoids are tightly associated with cardiovascular diseases and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in their synthesis and function increase the risk of developing these pathologies. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms linking prostanoids to cardiovascular diseases and we provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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8
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Jiang J, Li A, Lai X, Zhang H, Wang C, Wang H, Li L, Liu Y, Xie L, Yang C, Zhang C, Lu S, Li Y. Correlation between Metabolite of Prostaglandin E2 and the incidence of colorectal adenomas. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1068469. [PMID: 36923425 PMCID: PMC10009184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1068469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy, and the incidence and mortality rates continue to rise. An important factor in the emergence of inflammation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis is elevated cyclooxygenase-2. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) over-production is frequently equated with cyclooxygenase-2 gene over-expression. PGE2 can be assessed by measuring the level of prostaglandin's main metabolite, PGE-M, in urine. Colorectal adenoma is a precancerous lesion that can lead to colorectal cancer. We conducted research to evaluate the association between urinary levels of the PGE-M and the risk of colorectal adenomas. In a western Chinese population, we identified 152 cases of adenoma and 152 controls patients without polyps. Adenoma cases were categorized into control, low-risk and high-risk groups. There was no significant change in PGE-M levels, between the control group and the low-risk adenoma group. In the high-risk group, the PGE-M levels were 23% higher than the control group. When compared to people with the lowest urine PGE-M levels (first quartile), people with greater urinary PGE-M levels had a higher chance of developing high-risk colorectal adenomas, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.65 (0.76-3.57) in the fourth quartile group, (p= 0.013). We conclude urinary PGE-M is associated with the risk of developing high-risk adenomas. Urinary PGE-M level may be used as a non-invasive indicator for estimating cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Anjie Li
- Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolian Lai
- Department of Digestive, People's Hospital of Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Tongren, China
| | - Hanqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Chonghong Wang
- Department of Digestive, People's Hospital of Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Tongren, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Digestive, People's Hospital of Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Tongren, China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Yang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuoyan Lu
- Department of Digestive, People's Hospital of Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Tongren, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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9
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Heer E, Ruan Y, Mah B, Nguyen T, Lyons H, Poirier A, Boyne DJ, O'Sullivan DE, Heitman SJ, Hilsden RJ, Forbes N, Brenner DR. The efficacy of chemopreventive agents on the incidence of colorectal adenomas: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Prev Med 2022; 162:107169. [PMID: 35878711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Use of chemopreventive agents (CPAs) to reduce the incidence of precursor colorectal adenomas could lower the future burden of CRC. Many classes of potential CPAs have been investigated. To identify the most effective CPAs, we conducted a systematic review and a network meta-analysis (NMA). An electronic search was performed through August 2020 to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of CPAs in reducing the incidence of colorectal adenomas at the time of surveillance colonoscopy among patients who had previously undergone polypectomy during an index colonoscopy. In total, 33 RCTs were included in the NMA, which was conducted under a Bayesian inference framework. Random effects models were used with adjustment for follow-up length and control group event rates to yield relative risks (RRs) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Our full network consisted of 13 interventions in addition to a placebo arm. Of 20,925 included patients, 7766 had an adenoma. Compared to placebo, the combination of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) + Sulindac (RR 0.24, CrI 0.10-0.55) demonstrated a protective effect, while aspirin had a RR of 0.77 (CrI 0.60-1.00), celecoxib 800 mg had a RR of 0.56 (CrI 0.31-1.01) and metformin had a RR of 0.56 (CrI 0.22-1.39). Our results suggest that select CPAs may be efficacious in preventing the development of adenomas. Further studies are needed to identify those patients most likely to benefit and the minimum effective dosages of CPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Heer
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yibing Ruan
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brittany Mah
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Teresa Nguyen
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hannah Lyons
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abbey Poirier
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Devon J Boyne
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dylan E O'Sullivan
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Steven J Heitman
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J Hilsden
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nauzer Forbes
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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10
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Muñoz A, Grant WB. Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071448. [PMID: 35406059 PMCID: PMC9003337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a narrative review of the evidence supporting vitamin D’s anticancer actions. The first section reviews the findings from ecological studies of cancer with respect to indices of solar radiation, which found a reduced risk of incidence and mortality for approximately 23 types of cancer. Meta-analyses of observational studies reported the inverse correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the incidence of 12 types of cancer. Case-control studies with a 25(OH)D concentration measured near the time of cancer diagnosis are stronger than nested case-control and cohort studies as long follow-up times reduce the correlations due to changes in 25(OH)D with time. There is no evidence that undiagnosed cancer reduces 25(OH)D concentrations unless the cancer is at a very advanced stage. Meta-analyses of cancer incidence with respect to dietary intake have had limited success due to the low amount of vitamin D in most diets. An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%. Clinical trials have provided limited support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis due to poor design and execution. In recent decades, many experimental studies in cultured cells and animal models have described a wide range of anticancer effects of vitamin D compounds. This paper will review studies showing the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and invasion together with the sensitization to proapoptotic agents. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D receptor agonists modulate the biology of several types of stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells in a way that interferes the apparition of metastases. In sum, the available mechanistic data support the global protective action of vitamin D against several important types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERONC and IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +14-15-409-1980
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