1
|
Zhang S, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Wang X, Miao M, Miao J. Molecular mechanism of Chang Shen Hua volatile oil modulating brain cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway to improve depression-like behavior in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155729. [PMID: 38772184 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and complex mental illness that manifests as persistent episodes of sadness, loss of interest, and decreased energy, which might lead to self-harm and suicide in severe cases. Reportedly, depression affects 3.8 % of the world's population and has been listed as one of the major global public health concerns. In recent years, aromatherapy has been widely used as an alternative and complementary therapy in the prevention and treatment of depression; people can relieve anxiety and depression by sniffing plant aromatic essential oils. Acorus tatarinowii and Panax ginseng essential oils in Chang Shen Hua volatile oil (CSHVO) are derived from Acorus tatarinowii and Panax ginseng, respectively, the main medicines in the famous Chinese medicine prescription Kai Xin San (KXS), Then, these oils are combined with the essential oil of Albizia julibrissin flower to form a new Chinese medicine inhalation preparation, CSHVO. KXS has been widely used in the treatment of depression; however, whether CSHVO can ameliorate depression-like behavior, its pharmacological effects, and the underlying mechanisms of action are yet to be elucidated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A rat model of chronic and unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS) combined with orphan rearing was treated with CSHVO for 4 weeks. Using behavioral tests (sucrose preference, force swimming, tail suspension, and open field), the depression-like degree was evaluated. Concurrently, brain homogenate and serum biochemistry were analyzed to assess the changes in the neurotransmitters and inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, tissue samples were collected for histological and protein analyses. In addition, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses of the major active compounds, potential therapeutic targets, and intervention pathways predicted a role of CSHVO in depression relief. Subsequently, these predictions were confirmed by in vitro experiments using a corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cell damage model. RESULTS CSHVO inhalation can effectively improve the weight and depression-like behavior of depressed rats and regulate the expression of inflammatory factors and neurotransmitters. Hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining indicated that compared to the model group, the pathological damage to the brain tissues of rats in the CSHVO groups was improved. The network pharmacological analysis revealed that 144 CSHVO active compounds mediate 71 targets relevant to depression treatment, most of which are rich in the cAMP signaling and inflammatory cytokine pathways. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that TNF, IL6, and AKT are the core anti-depressive targets of CSHVO. Molecular docking analysis showed an adequate binding between the active ingredients and the key targets. In vitro experiments showed that compared to the model group, the survival rate of PC12 cells induced by CSHVO intervention was increased, the apoptosis rate was decreased, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the cell supernatant was improved. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining confirmed that CSHVO regulates PC12 cells in the CORT model through the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway, and pretreatment with PKA blocker H89 eliminates the protective effect of CSHVO on CORT-induced PC12 cells. CONCLUSIONS CSHVO improves CORT-induced injury in the PC12 cell model and CUMS combined with orphan rearing-induced depression model in rats. The antidepressant mechanism of CSHVO is associated with the modulation of the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li B, Zhao S, Li S, Li C, Liu W, Li L, Cui B, Liu X, Chen H, Zhang J, Ren Y, Liu F, Yang M, Jiang T, Liu Y, Qiu X. Novel molecular subtypes of intracranial germ cell tumors expand therapeutic opportunities. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1335-1351. [PMID: 38430549 PMCID: PMC11226877 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) are a rare group of malignancies that are clinically classified as germinomas and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs). Previous studies have found that somatic mutations involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase/mTOR signaling pathway are common early events. However, a comprehensive genomic understanding of IGCTs is still lacking. METHODS We established a cohort including over 100 IGCTs and conducted genomic and transcriptomic sequencing. RESULTS We identified novel recurrent driver genomic aberrations, including USP28 truncation mutations and high-level copy number amplification of KRAS and CRKL caused by replication of extrachromosomal DNA. Three distinct subtypes associated with unique genomic and clinical profiles were identified with transcriptome analysis: Immune-hot, MYC/E2F, and SHH. Both immune-hot and MYC/E2F were predominantly identified in germinomas and shared similar mutations involving the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. However, the immune-hot group showed an older disease onset age and a significant immune response. MYC/E2F was characterized by a younger disease onset age and increased genomic instability, with a higher proportion of tumors showing whole-genome doubling. Additionally, the SHH subtype was mostly identified in NGGCTs. CONCLUSIONS Novel genomic aberrations and molecular subtypes were identified in IGCTs. These findings provide molecular basis for the potential introduction of new treatment strategies in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunde Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Cui
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie P, Yu M, Zhang B, Yu Q, Zhao Y, Wu M, Jin L, Yan J, Zhou B, Liu S, Li X, Zhou C, Zhu X, Huang C, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Zhou J, Fan J, Hung MC, Ye Q, Guo L, Li H. CRKL dictates anti-PD-1 resistance by mediating tumor-associated neutrophil infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2024; 81:93-107. [PMID: 38403027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by treatment resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance remain elusive. We aimed to identify the role of CT10 regulator of kinase-like (CRKL) in resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in HCC. METHODS Gene expression in HCC specimens from 10 patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy was identified by RNA-sequencing. A total of 404 HCC samples from tissue microarrays were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Transgenic mice (Alb-Cre/Trp53fl/fl) received hydrodynamic tail vein injections of a CRKL-overexpressing vector. Mass cytometry by time of flight was used to profile the proportion and status of different immune cell lineages in the mouse tumor tissues. RESULTS CRKL was identified as a candidate anti-PD-1-resistance gene using a pooled genetic screen. CRKL overexpression nullifies anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy by mobilizing tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), which block the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cells. PD-L1+ TANs were found to be an essential subset of TANs that were regulated by CRKL expression and display an immunosuppressive phenotype. Mechanistically, CRKL inhibits APC (adenomatous polyposis coli)-mediated proteasomal degradation of β-catenin by competitively decreasing Axin1 binding, and thus promotes VEGFα and CXCL1 expression. Using human HCC samples, we verified the positive correlations of CRKL/β-catenin/VEGFα and CXCL1. Targeting CRKL using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing (CRKL knockout) or its downstream regulators effectively restored the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in an orthotopic mouse model and a patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroid model. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the CRKL/β-catenin/VEGFα and CXCL1 axis is a critical obstacle to successful anti-PD-1 therapy. Therefore, CRKL inhibitors combined with anti-PD-1 could be useful for the treatment of HCC. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Here, we found that CRKL was overexpressed in anti-PD-1-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that CRKL upregulation promotes anti-PD-1 resistance in HCC. We identified that upregulation of the CRKL/β-catenin/VEGFα and CXCL1 axis contributes to anti-PD-1 tolerance by promoting infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils. These findings support the strategy of bevacizumab-based immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy, and CRKL inhibitors combined with anti-PD-1 therapy may be developed for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice, Transgenic
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Male
- Chemokine CXCL1/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL1/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mincheng Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiuliang Yan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
| | - Binghai Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Neurosurgery Department of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 51800, P.R. China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Qinghai Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200031, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou J, Wu C, Li S. CNS Germ Cell Tumors: Molecular Advances, Significance in Risk Stratification and Future Directions. Brain Sci 2024; 14:445. [PMID: 38790424 PMCID: PMC11119131 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors (CNS GCTs) represent a subtype of intracranial malignant tumors characterized by highly heterogeneous histology. Current diagnostic methods in clinical practice have notable limitations, and treatment strategies struggle to achieve personalized therapy based on patient risk stratification. Advances in molecular genetics, biology, epigenetics, and understanding of the tumor microenvironment suggest the diagnostic potential of associated molecular alterations, aiding risk subgroup identification at diagnosis. Furthermore, they suggest the existence of novel therapeutic approaches targeting chromosomal alterations, mutated genes and altered signaling pathways, methylation changes, microRNAs, and immune checkpoints. Moving forward, further research is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of CNS GCTs and unravel the intricate interactions among various molecular alterations. Additionally, these findings require validation in clinical cohorts to assess their role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology (No.6 Neurosurgery Department), Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.50. Yi-Ke-Song, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China; (J.Z.); (C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pagano L, Simonetti L, Pennacchietti V, Toto A, Malagrinò F, Ivarsson Y, Gianni S. Exploring the short linear motif-mediated protein-protein interactions of CrkL through ProP-PD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149658. [PMID: 38387229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins play a pivotal role in cellular signaling mediating a multitude of protein-protein interaction critical for cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of these interactions has been linked to the onset of various cancer pathologies and exploited by viral pathogens during host cell takeover. CrkL is an adaptor protein composed of an N-terminal SH2 domain followed by two SH3 domains that mediate interactions with diverse partners through the recognition of specific binding motifs. In this study, we employed proteomic peptide-phage display (ProP-PD) to comprehensively explore the short linear motif (SLiM)-based interactions of CrkL. Furthermore, we scrutinized how the binding affinity for selected peptides was influenced in the context of the full-length CrkL versus the isolated N-SH3 domain. Importantly, our results provided insights into SLiM-binding sites within previously reported interactors, as well as revealing novel human and viral ligands, expanding our understanding of the interactions mediated by CrkL and highlighting the significance of SLiM-based interactions in mediating adaptor protein function, with implications for cancer and viral pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - L Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - F Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica, sanità pubblica, scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, L'Aquila, Coppito, 67010, Italy
| | - Y Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Xu Q, Feng Z. Comprehensive clinical, genome and transcriptomic analysis of primary ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2024; 148:106616. [PMID: 37988836 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is currently no comprehensive genome-wide description of the primary ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC), hindering our understanding of pathogenesis. We herein present a case with comprehensive clinical, genome and transcriptomic analysis. These will serve as the first comprehensive molecular atlas for primary GCOC. A 58-year-old male underwent subtotal resection with prosthetic restoration. Genome sequencing (WGS) detected previously identified CTNNB1 mutation with novel alterations of MAP3K, EP300, and 22q11.21 region. Transcriptome results showed significant involvement of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These results need to be compared with more GCOCs for more accurate clinical guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiaoshi Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhien Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Tang W, Yao F. USP53 Exerts Tumor-Promoting Effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Deubiquitinating CRKL. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5033. [PMID: 37894400 PMCID: PMC10605207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) ranks in the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality rates. Among BC subtypes, TNBC has a high recurrence rate and metastasis rate and the worst prognosis. However, the exact mechanism by which TNBC develops is unclear. Here, we show that the deubiquitinase USP53 contributes to tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC. USP53 is overexpressed in TNBC, and this phenotype is linked to a poor prognosis. Functionally, USP53 promotes TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More importantly, USP53 decreases the chemosensitivity of BC cells by enhancing v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue (avian)-like (CRKL) expression. Mechanistically, USP53 directly binds CRKL to stabilize and deubiquitinate it, thereby preventing CRKL degradation. Overall, we discovered that USP53 deubiquitinates CRKL, encourages tumor development and metastasis, and reduces chemosensitivity in TNBC. These findings imply that USP53 might represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pediartrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bertran-Alamillo J, Giménez-Capitán A, Román R, Talbot S, Whiteley R, Floc'h N, Martínez-Pérez E, Martin MJ, Smith PD, Sullivan I, Terp MG, Saeh J, Marino-Buslje C, Fabbri G, Guo G, Xu M, Tornador C, Aguilar-Hernández A, Reguart N, Ditzel HJ, Martínez-Bueno A, Nabau-Moretó N, Gascó A, Rosell R, Pease JE, Polanska UM, Travers J, Urosevic J, Molina-Vila MA. BID expression determines the apoptotic fate of cancer cells after abrogation of the spindle assembly checkpoint by AURKB or TTK inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:110. [PMID: 37443114 PMCID: PMC10339641 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs targeting the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), such as inhibitors of Aurora kinase B (AURKB) and dual specific protein kinase TTK, are in different stages of clinical development. However, cell response to SAC abrogation is poorly understood and there are no markers for patient selection. METHODS A panel of 53 tumor cell lines of different origins was used. The effects of drugs were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry. Copy number status was determined by FISH and Q-PCR; mRNA expression by nCounter and RT-Q-PCR and protein expression by Western blotting. CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used for gene knock-out (KO) and a doxycycline-inducible pTRIPZ vector for ectopic expression. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed by implanting cultured cells or fragments of tumors into immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Tumor cells and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) sensitive to AURKB and TTK inhibitors consistently showed high expression levels of BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID), while cell lines and PDXs with low BID were uniformly resistant. Gene silencing rendered BID-overexpressing cells insensitive to SAC abrogation while ectopic BID expression in BID-low cells significantly increased sensitivity. SAC abrogation induced activation of CASP-2, leading to cleavage of CASP-3 and extensive cell death only in presence of high levels of BID. Finally, a prevalence study revealed high BID mRNA in 6% of human solid tumors. CONCLUSIONS The fate of tumor cells after SAC abrogation is driven by an AURKB/ CASP-2 signaling mechanism, regulated by BID levels. Our results pave the way to clinically explore SAC-targeting drugs in tumors with high BID expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bertran-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Giménez-Capitán
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Román
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Talbot
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Rebecca Whiteley
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Nicolas Floc'h
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Martin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Paul D Smith
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Ivana Sullivan
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Mikkel G Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, 5000, Denmark
| | - Jamal Saeh
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Giulia Fabbri
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Grace Guo
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Noemí Reguart
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, 5000, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Amaya Gascó
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - J Elizabeth Pease
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Urszula M Polanska
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jon Travers
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - Miguel A Molina-Vila
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baptista D, Ferreira PG, Rocha M. A systematic evaluation of deep learning methods for the prediction of drug synergy in cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010200. [PMID: 36952569 PMCID: PMC10072473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to the successful treatment of cancer is the phenomenon of drug resistance. A common strategy to overcome resistance is the use of combination therapies. However, the space of possibilities is huge and efficient search strategies are required. Machine Learning (ML) can be a useful tool for the discovery of novel, clinically relevant anti-cancer drug combinations. In particular, deep learning (DL) has become a popular choice for modeling drug combination effects. Here, we set out to examine the impact of different methodological choices on the performance of multimodal DL-based drug synergy prediction methods, including the use of different input data types, preprocessing steps and model architectures. Focusing on the NCI ALMANAC dataset, we found that feature selection based on prior biological knowledge has a positive impact-limiting gene expression data to cancer or drug response-specific genes improved performance. Drug features appeared to be more predictive of drug response, with a 41% increase in coefficient of determination (R2) and 26% increase in Spearman correlation relative to a baseline model that used only cell line and drug identifiers. Molecular fingerprint-based drug representations performed slightly better than learned representations-ECFP4 fingerprints increased R2 by 5.3% and Spearman correlation by 2.8% w.r.t the best learned representations. In general, fully connected feature-encoding subnetworks outperformed other architectures. DL outperformed other ML methods by more than 35% (R2) and 14% (Spearman). Additionally, an ensemble combining the top DL and ML models improved performance by about 6.5% (R2) and 4% (Spearman). Using a state-of-the-art interpretability method, we showed that DL models can learn to associate drug and cell line features with drug response in a biologically meaningful way. The strategies explored in this study will help to improve the development of computational methods for the rational design of effective drug combinations for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delora Baptista
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro G Ferreira
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3s - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Rocha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maity P, Chatterjee J, Patil KT, Arora S, Katiyar MK, Kumar M, Samarbakhsh A, Joshi G, Bhutani P, Chugh M, Gavande NS, Kumar R. Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor with Molecular Degraders: State-of-the-Art and Future Opportunities. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3135-3172. [PMID: 36812395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an oncogenic drug target and plays a critical role in several cellular functions including cancer cell growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Several small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved for targeting intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR, respectively. However, cancer heterogeneity, mutations in the catalytic domain of EGFR, and persistent drug resistance limited their use. Different novel modalities are gaining a position in the limelight of anti-EGFR therapeutics to overcome such limitations. The current perspective reflects upon newer modalities, importantly the molecular degraders such as PROTACs, LYTACs, AUTECs, and ATTECs, etc., beginning with a snapshot of traditional and existing anti-EGFR therapies including small molecule inhibitors, mAbs, and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Further, a special emphasis has been made on the design, synthesis, successful applications, state-of-the-art, and emerging future opportunities of each discussed modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Maity
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| | - Joydeep Chatterjee
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| | - Kiran T Patil
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| | - Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| | - Madhurendra K Katiyar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| | - Manvendra Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| | - Amirreza Samarbakhsh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar 246174, Dist. Garhwal (Uttarakhand), India
| | | | - Manoj Chugh
- In Vitro Diagnostics, Transasia BioMedical Pvt. Ltd. 400072 Mumbai, India
| | - Navnath S Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sattler M, Mambetsariev I, Fricke J, Tan T, Liu S, Vaidehi N, Pisick E, Mirzapoiazova T, Rock AG, Merla A, Sharma S, Salgia R. A Closer Look at EGFR Inhibitor Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer through the Lens of Precision Medicine. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051936. [PMID: 36902723 PMCID: PMC10003860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of EGFR small-molecule inhibitors has provided significant benefit for the affected patient population. Unfortunately, current inhibitors are no curative therapy, and their development has been driven by on-target mutations that interfere with binding and thus inhibitory activity. Genomic studies have revealed that, in addition to these on-target mutations, there are also multiple off-target mechanisms of EGFR inhibitor resistance and novel therapeutics that can overcome these challenges are sought. Resistance to competitive 1st-generation and covalent 2nd- and 3rd-generation EGFR inhibitors is overall more complex than initially thought, and novel 4th-generation allosteric inhibitors are expected to suffer from a similar fate. Additional nongenetic mechanisms of resistance are significant and can include up to 50% of the escape pathways. These potential targets have gained recent interest and are usually not part of cancer panels that look for alterations in resistant patient specimen. We discuss the duality between genetic and nongenetic EGFR inhibitor drug resistance and summarize current team medicine approaches, wherein clinical developments, hand in hand with drug development research, drive potential opportunities for combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sariah Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Evan Pisick
- City of Hope Chicago, 2520 Elisha Avenue, Zion, IL 60099, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adam G. Rock
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amartej Merla
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Division of Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomic Research Institute (Tgen), 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Tan H, Huang Y, Guo M, Dong Y, Liu C, Zhao H, Liu Z. TAGLN2 promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma invasion via the Rap1/PI3K/AKT axis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:ERC-21-0352. [PMID: 36222755 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
TAGLN2, an actin-binding protein, functions as a binding protein to actin to facilitate the formation of intracellular cytoskeleton structures. TAGLN2 overexpression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is reported in our previous study. This study aimed to examine the functions and molecular mechanisms of TAGLN2 in PTC. The clinical data analysis showed that TAGLN2 expression was associated with cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches, as well as various cellular function, gene expression profiles, quantitative proteomics, and molecular biology experiments, were further exploited to explore the roles of TAGLN2 in PTC. The results showed that TAGLN2 overexpression significantly promoted the invasion of PTC cell lines (K1, TPC-1, and BCPAP). Besides, the results also indicated that TAGLN2 was associated with regulating proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and adhesion of PTC cells. Gene expression profile, quantitative proteomics, and Western blotting were performed to identify the relevant pathways and key downstream molecules, and Rap1/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, ITGB5, LAMC2, CRKL, vimentin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin were finally focused on. Moreover, rescue experiments validated the involvement of the Rap1/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in the TAGLN2-mediated invasion of PTC cells. Therefore, TAGLN2 may promote the invasion of PTC cells via the Rap1/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and may be served as a potential therapeutic target for PTC. Developing antagonists targeting TAGLN2 may be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yonglian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanxu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huai Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alternative Treatment Options to ALK Inhibitor Monotherapy for EML4-ALK-Driven Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143452. [PMID: 35884511 PMCID: PMC9325236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
EML4-ALK is an oncogenic fusion protein that accounts for approximately 5% of NSCLC cases. Targeted inhibitors of ALK are the standard of care treatment, often leading to a good initial response. Sadly, some patients do not respond well, and most will develop resistance over time, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms behind EML4-ALK-driven NSCLC progression and the opportunities they present for alternative treatment options to ALK inhibitor monotherapy. Targeting ALK-dependent signalling pathways can overcome resistance that has developed due to mutations in the ALK catalytic domain, as well as through activation of bypass mechanisms that utilise the same pathways. We also consider evidence for polytherapy approaches that combine targeted inhibition of these pathways with ALK inhibitors. Lastly, we review combination approaches that use targeted inhibitors of ALK together with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy. Throughout this article, we highlight the importance of alternative breakpoints in the EML4 gene that result in the generation of distinct EML4-ALK variants with different biological and pathological properties and consider monotherapy and polytherapy approaches that may be selective to particular variants.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rosenbaum E, Antonescu CR, Smith S, Bradic M, Kashani D, Richards AL, Donoghue M, Kelly CM, Nacev B, Chan JE, Chi P, Dickson MA, Keohan ML, Gounder MM, Movva S, Avutu V, Thornton K, Zehir A, Bowman AS, Singer S, Tap W, D'Angelo S. Clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade-based therapy in a cohort of patients with angiosarcoma treated at a single center. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004149. [PMID: 35365586 PMCID: PMC8977792 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiosarcoma is a histologically and molecularly heterogeneous vascular neoplasm with aggressive clinical behavior. Emerging data suggests that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is efficacious against some angiosarcomas, particularly cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck (CHN). Methods Patients with histologically confirmed angiosarcoma treated with ICB-based therapy at a comprehensive cancer center were retrospectively identified. Clinical characteristics and the results of targeted exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and immunohistochemistry analyses were examined for correlation with clinical benefit. Durable clinical benefit was defined as a progression-free survival (PFS) of ≥16 weeks. Results For the 35 patients included in the analyses, median PFS and median overall survival (OS) from the time of first ICB-based treatment were 11.9 (95% CI 7.4 to 31.9) and 42.5 (95% CI 19.6 to 114.2) weeks, respectively. Thirteen patients (37%) had PFS ≥16 weeks. Clinical factors associated with longer PFS and longer OS in multivariate analyses were ICB plus other therapy regimens, CHN disease, and white race. Three of 10 patients with CHN angiosarcoma evaluable for tumor mutational burden (TMB) had a TMB ≥10. Five of six patients with CHN angiosarcoma evaluable for mutational signature analysis had a dominant mutational signature associated with ultraviolet (UV) light. No individual gene or genomic pathway was significantly associated with PFS or OS; neither were TMB or UV signature status. Analyses of whole transcriptomes from nine patient tumor samples found upregulation of angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and KRAS signaling pathways, among others, in patients with PFS ≥16 weeks, as well as higher levels of cytotoxic T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Patients with PFS <16 weeks had higher numbers of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry findings for 12 patients with baseline samples available suggest that neither PD-L1 expression nor presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at baseline appears necessary for a response to ICB-based therapy. Conclusions ICB-based therapy benefits only a subset of angiosarcoma patients. Patients with CHN angiosarcoma are more likely to have PFS ≥16 weeks, a dominant UV mutational signature, and higher TMB than angiosarcomas arising from other primary sites. However, clinical benefit was seen in other angiosarcomas also and was not restricted to tumors with a high TMB, a dominant UV signature, PD-L1 expression, or presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes at baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Shaleigh Smith
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Bradic
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Kashani
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Allison L Richards
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ciara M Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Nacev
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jason E Chan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mary L Keohan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mrinal M Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sujana Movva
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Viswatej Avutu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anita S Bowman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - William Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sandra D'Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Weiss JM, Hunter MV, Cruz NM, Baggiolini A, Tagore M, Ma Y, Misale S, Marasco M, Simon-Vermot T, Campbell NR, Newell F, Wilmott JS, Johansson PA, Thompson JF, Long GV, Pearson JV, Mann GJ, Scolyer RA, Waddell N, Montal ED, Huang TH, Jonsson P, Donoghue MTA, Harris CC, Taylor BS, Xu T, Chaligné R, Shliaha PV, Hendrickson R, Jungbluth AA, Lezcano C, Koche R, Studer L, Ariyan CE, Solit DB, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T, Rosen N, Hayward NK, White RM. Anatomic position determines oncogenic specificity in melanoma. Nature 2022; 604:354-361. [PMID: 35355015 PMCID: PMC9355078 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic alterations to DNA are not transforming in all cellular contexts1,2. This may be due to pre-existing transcriptional programmes in the cell of origin. Here we define anatomic position as a major determinant of why cells respond to specific oncogenes. Cutaneous melanoma arises throughout the body, whereas the acral subtype arises on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet or under the nails3. We sequenced the DNA of cutaneous and acral melanomas from a large cohort of human patients and found a specific enrichment for BRAF mutations in cutaneous melanoma and enrichment for CRKL amplifications in acral melanoma. We modelled these changes in transgenic zebrafish models and found that CRKL-driven tumours formed predominantly in the fins of the fish. The fins are the evolutionary precursors to tetrapod limbs, indicating that melanocytes in these acral locations may be uniquely susceptible to CRKL. RNA profiling of these fin and limb melanocytes, when compared with body melanocytes, revealed a positional identity gene programme typified by posterior HOX13 genes. This positional gene programme synergized with CRKL to amplify insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling and drive tumours at acral sites. Abrogation of this CRKL-driven programme eliminated the anatomic specificity of acral melanoma. These data suggest that the anatomic position of the cell of origin endows it with a unique transcriptional state that makes it susceptible to only certain oncogenic insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Weiss
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miranda V Hunter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelly M Cruz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Developmental Biology, The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohita Tagore
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yilun Ma
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Misale
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelangelo Marasco
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theresa Simon-Vermot
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Campbell
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily D Montal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip Jonsson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher C Harris
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianhao Xu
- Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronan Chaligné
- Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavel V Shliaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Hendrickson
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Developmental Biology, The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte E Ariyan
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Neal Rosen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard M White
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pospiech K, Orzechowska M, Nowakowska M, Anusewicz D, Płuciennik E, Kośla K, Bednarek AK. TGFα-EGFR pathway in breast carcinogenesis, association with WWOX expression and estrogen activation. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:339-359. [PMID: 35290621 PMCID: PMC8979909 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WWOX is a tumor-suppressive steroid dehydrogenase, which relationship with hormone receptors was shown both in animal models and breast cancer patients. Herein, through nAnT-iCAGE high-throughput gene expression profiling, we studied the interplay of estrogen receptors and the WWOX in breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, BT20) under estrogen stimulation and either introduction of the WWOX gene by retroviral transfection (MDA-MB-231, T47D) or silenced with shRNA (MCF7, BT20). Additionally, we evaluated the consequent biological characteristics by proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and adhesion assays. TGFα-EGFR signaling was found to be significantly affected in all examined breast cancer cell lines in response to estrogen and strongly associated with the level of WWOX expression, especially in ER-positive MCF7 cells. Under the influence of 17β-estradiol presence, biological characteristics of the cell lines were also delineated. The study revealed modulation of adhesion, invasion, and apoptosis. The obtained results point at a complex role of the WWOX gene in the carcinogenesis of the breast tissue, which seems to be closely related to the presence of estrogen α and/or β receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pospiech
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Anusewicz
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Farshidfar F, Rhrissorrakrai K, Levovitz C, Peng C, Knight J, Bacchiocchi A, Su J, Yin M, Sznol M, Ariyan S, Clune J, Olino K, Parida L, Nikolaus J, Zhang M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Huang G, Wan M, Li X, Cao J, Yan Q, Chen X, Newman AM, Halaban R. Integrative molecular and clinical profiling of acral melanoma links focal amplification of 22q11.21 to metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:898. [PMID: 35197475 PMCID: PMC8866401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma, the most common melanoma subtype among non-White individuals, is associated with poor prognosis. However, its key molecular drivers remain obscure. Here, we perform integrative genomic and clinical profiling of acral melanomas from 104 patients treated in North America (n = 37) or China (n = 67). We find that recurrent, late-arising focal amplifications of cytoband 22q11.21 are a leading determinant of inferior survival, strongly associated with metastasis, and linked to downregulation of immunomodulatory genes associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade. Unexpectedly, LZTR1 - a known tumor suppressor in other cancers - is a key candidate oncogene in this cytoband. Silencing of LZTR1 in melanoma cell lines causes apoptotic cell death independent of major hotspot mutations or melanoma subtypes. Conversely, overexpression of LZTR1 in normal human melanocytes initiates processes associated with metastasis, including anchorage-independent growth, formation of spheroids, and an increase in MAPK and SRC activities. Our results provide insights into the etiology of acral melanoma and implicate LZTR1 as a key tumor promoter and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Farshidfar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cong Peng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - James Knight
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Juan Su
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Sznol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephan Ariyan
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Clune
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Joerg Nikolaus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Aaron M Newman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jain AP, Radhakrishnan A, Pinto S, Patel K, Kumar M, Nanjappa V, Raja R, Keshava Prasad TS, Mathur PP, Sidransky D, Chatterjee A, Gowda H. How to Achieve Therapeutic Response in Erlotinib-Resistant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma? New Insights from Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture-Based Quantitative Tyrosine Phosphoproteomics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:605-616. [PMID: 34432535 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cancer chemotherapy is a major global health burden. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a proven therapeutic target for multiple cancers of epithelial origin. Despite its overexpression in >90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as erlotinib have shown a modest response in clinical trials. Cellular heterogeneity is thought to play an important role in HNSCC therapeutic resistance. Genomic alterations alone cannot explain all resistance mechanisms at play in a heterogeneous system. It is thus important to understand the biochemical mechanisms associated with drug resistance to determine potential strategies to achieve clinical response. We investigated tyrosine kinase signaling networks in erlotinib-resistant cells using quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomics approach. We observed altered phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell adhesion and motility in erlotinib-resistant cells. Bioinformatics analysis revealed enrichment of pathways related to regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and endothelial migration. Of importance, enrichment of the focal adhesion kinase (PTK2) signaling pathway downstream of EGFR was also observed in erlotinib-resistant cells. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first report of tyrosine phosphoproteome profiling in erlotinib-resistant HNSCC, with an eye to inform new ways to achieve clinical response. Our findings suggest that common signaling networks are at play in driving resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in HNSCC and other cancers. Most notably, our data suggest that the PTK2 pathway genes may potentially play a significant role in determining clinical response to erlotinib in HNSCC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Sneha Pinto
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | | | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Premendu P Mathur
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu J, Chen W, Xie W, Chen R, Lin D, You W, Ye W, Zhang H, Lin D, Xu J. Silencing of the CrkL gene reverses the doxorubicin resistance of K562/ADR cells through regulating PI3K/Akt/MRP1 signaling. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23817. [PMID: 34114685 PMCID: PMC8373353 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is a first-line chemotherapy agent on human myelogenous leukemia clinical treatment, but the development of chemoresistance has largely limited curative effect. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the biological function and molecular mechanisms of CrkL to Doxorubicin resistance. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to examine the expression of CrkL in K562 and K562/ADR cells. The expression of CrkL was silenced through RNA interference technology. MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis rate after CrkL siRNA transfection. The protein expression changes of PI3K/AKT/MRP1 pathway induced by CrkL siRNA were observed by Western Blot assay. Xenograft tumor model was carried out to observe tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS We observed that silencing of CrkL could effectively increase apoptosis rate induced by doxorubicin and dramatically reversed doxorubicin resistance in K562/ADR cells. Further studies revealed knockdown CrkL expression suppressed PI3K/Akt/MRP1 signaling, which indicated CrkL siRNA reversed doxorubicin effect through regulating PI3K/Akt/MRP1 pathway. In addition, overexpression of MRP1 could evidently reduce apoptosis rate and reversed the inhibitory effects of doxorubicin resistance caused by CrkL siRNA on K562/ADR cells. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that CrkL silencing acted a tumor-suppressing role in myelogenous leukemia via regulating PI3K/Akt/MRP1 signaling. CONCLUSION Together, we indicated that CrkL is up-regulated in myelogenous leukemia cells and silencing of CrkL could reverse Doxorubicin resistance effectively. These results show a potential novel strategy for intervention chemoresistance in myelogenous leukemia during chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Wen‐XU Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Wen‐Jing Xie
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Rong‐Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Dan‐Qi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy clinical PharmacyFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Wei‐Wei You
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Wei‐Lin Ye
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Hong‐Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy clinical PharmacyFuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Dong‐Hong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Ping Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fukuda K, Otani S, Takeuchi S, Arai S, Nanjo S, Tanimoto A, Nishiyama A, Naoki K, Yano S. Trametinib overcomes KRAS-G12V-induced osimertinib resistance in a leptomeningeal carcinomatosis model of EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3784-3795. [PMID: 34145930 PMCID: PMC8409422 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) occurs frequently in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and is associated with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, the mechanism by which LMC acquires resistance to osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the resistance mechanism and searched for a novel therapeutic strategy. We induced osimertinib resistance in a mouse model of LMC using an EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell line (PC9) via continuous oral osimertinib treatment and administration of established resistant cells and examined the resistance mechanism using next-generation sequencing. We detected the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS)-G12V mutation in resistant cells, which retained the EGFR exon 19 deletion. Experiments involving KRAS knockdown in resistant cells and KRAS-G12V overexpression in parental cells revealed the involvement of KRAS-G12V in osimertinib resistance. Cotreatment with trametinib (a MEK inhibitor) and osimertinib resensitized the cells to osimertinib. Furthermore, in the mouse model of LMC with resistant cells, combined osimertinib and trametinib treatment successfully controlled LMC progression. These findings suggest a potential novel therapy against KRAS-G12V-harboring osimertinib-resistant LMC in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukuda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Otani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Azusa Tanimoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishiyama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naoki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao S, Nelson J, Weinsheimer S, Winkler EA, Rutledge C, Abla AA, Gupta N, Shieh JT, Cooke DL, Hetts SW, Tihan T, Hess CP, Ko N, Walcott BP, McCulloch CE, Lawton MT, Su H, Pawlikowska L, Kim H. Somatic mosaicism in the MAPK pathway in sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation and association with phenotype. J Neurosurg 2021; 136:148-155. [PMID: 34214981 DOI: 10.3171/2020.11.jns202031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is a tangled vascular lesion characterized by direct artery-to-vein connections that can cause life-threatening intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, somatic mutations in KRAS have been reported in sporadic BAVM, and mutations in other mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway genes have been identified in other vascular malformations. The objectives of this study were to systematically evaluate somatic mutations in MAPK pathway genes in patients with sporadic BAVM lesions and to evaluate the association of somatic mutations with phenotypes of sporadic BAVM severity. METHODS The authors performed whole-exome sequencing on paired lesion and blood DNA samples from 14 patients with sporadic BAVM, and 295 genes in the MAPK signaling pathway were evaluated to identify genes with somatic mutations in multiple patients with BAVM. Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction was used to validate KRAS G12V and G12D mutations and to assay an additional 56 BAVM samples. RESULTS The authors identified a total of 24 candidate BAVM-associated somatic variants in 11 MAPK pathway genes. The previously identified KRAS G12V and G12D mutations were the only recurrent mutations. Overall, somatic KRAS G12V was present in 14.5% of BAVM lesions and G12D was present in 31.9%. The authors did not detect a significant association between the presence or allelic burden of KRAS mutation and three BAVM phenotypes: lesion size (maximum diameter), age at diagnosis, and age at ICH. CONCLUSIONS The authors confirmed the high prevalence of somatic KRAS mutations in sporadic BAVM lesions and identified several candidate somatic variants in other MAPK pathway genes. These somatic variants may contribute to understanding of the etiology of sporadic BAVM and the clinical characteristics of patients with this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Gao
- Departments of1Anesthesia and Perioperative Care.,2Center for Cerebrovascular Research, and
| | - Jeffrey Nelson
- Departments of1Anesthesia and Perioperative Care.,2Center for Cerebrovascular Research, and
| | - Shantel Weinsheimer
- Departments of1Anesthesia and Perioperative Care.,2Center for Cerebrovascular Research, and.,4Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph T Shieh
- 4Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California.,11Pediatrics, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian P Walcott
- 3Neurological Surgery.,8NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois; and
| | | | - Michael T Lawton
- 10Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Hua Su
- Departments of1Anesthesia and Perioperative Care.,2Center for Cerebrovascular Research, and
| | - Ludmila Pawlikowska
- Departments of1Anesthesia and Perioperative Care.,2Center for Cerebrovascular Research, and.,4Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Helen Kim
- Departments of1Anesthesia and Perioperative Care.,2Center for Cerebrovascular Research, and.,4Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu X, Hu Y, Yu B, Peng K, Gan X. CRKL is a critical target of Hh-GLI2 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6280-6288. [PMID: 34076957 PMCID: PMC8256351 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the important components of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and leads to many deaths every year. During the initiation and progression of the LUAD, the Hh-GLI2 pathway plays critical roles. Several components of this pathway have been shown to be amplified or overexpressed in LUAD, providing this pathway as an attractive target for therapeutics. However, a gap in our understanding of the Hh-GLI2 pathway is the identity of transcriptional targets of GLI2 that drive LUAD tumorigenesis. Here, we show that the oncogene CRKL is a direct target of GLI2. GLI2 turns on CRKL transcription through binding its second intron. Furthermore, CRKL is an essential mediator for GLI2-driven proliferation and migration of LUAD cells. Depletion of CRKL blunts Hh-GLI2 pathway-mediated cell proliferation and invasion. Lastly, we find that CRKL knockout cells are more sensitive to EGFR-TKI and chemotherapeutics. Taken together, our work here identifies a specific target for Hh-related malignancies and provides CRKL as a promising therapeutic target for LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Kai Peng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xin Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical CareThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng X, Ding W, Ma J, Liu B, Yuan H. Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancers: Current Landscape and Future Prospects. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:540-551. [PMID: 34132185 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210615161501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common and malignant cancer worldwide. Targeted therapies have emerged as a promising treatment strategy for lung cancers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the current landscape of targets and finding promising targets for future new drug discovery for lung cancers by identifying the science-technology-clinical development pattern and mapping the interaction network of targets. METHODS Targets for cancers were classified into 3 groups based on a paper published in Nature. We search for scientific literature, patent documents and clinical trials of targets in Group 1 and Group 2 for lung cancers. Then, a target-target interaction network of Group 1 was constructed, and the science-technology-clinical(S-T-C) development patterns of targets in Group 1 were identified. Finally, based on the cluster distribution and the development pattern of targets in Group 1, interactions between the targets were employed to predict potential targets in Group 2 on drug development. RESULTS The target-target interaction(TTI)network of group 1 resulted in 3 clusters with different developmental stages. The potential targets in Group 2 are divided into 3 ranks. Level-1 is the first priority and level-3 is the last. Level-1 includes 16 targets, such as STAT3, CRKL, and PTPN11, that are mostly involved in signaling transduction pathways. Level-2 and level-3 contain 8 and 6 targets related to various biological functions. CONCLUSION This study will provide references for drug development in lung cancers, emphasizing that priorities should be given to targets in Level-1, whose mechanisms are worth further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenqing Ding
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baijun Liu
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang W, Xia X, Chen K, Chen M, Meng Y, Lv D, Yang H. Reduced PHLPP Expression Leads to EGFR-TKI Resistance in Lung Cancer by Activating PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK Dual Signaling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665045. [PMID: 34168988 PMCID: PMC8217757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective in advanced EGFR-mutation non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but the magnitude of tumor regression varies, and drug resistance is unavoidable. The pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) levels are reduced or lost and acts as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. Here, we hypothesized that PHLPP is a key regulator of EGFR-TKI sensitivity and a potential treatment target for overcoming resistance to EGFR-TKI in lung cancer. Methods Cell proliferation and growth inhibition were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assay. PHLPP- knockdown stable cell lines were generated by lentivirus-mediated delivery of PHLPP shRNAs. The expression of PHLPP mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to detect the PHLPP expression in clinical patient tissue samples. A transcriptomic assay of genome-wide RNA expressions of PHLPP in NSCLC cell lines according to gefitinib sensitivity was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Murine xenograft model was established to verify the function of PHLPP in gefitinib resistance in vivo. Results PHLPP highly expressed in gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines than gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines. In gefitinib-acquired resistance cell line HCC827-GR, PHLPP expression even dramatically reduced. Knockdown of PHLPP in NSCLC cells decreased cell death induced by the EGFR-TKI, while overexpression PHLPP in gefitinib-resistance NSCLC cells can enhance or restore EGFR-TKIs sensitivity. Mechanism study indicated that PHLPP downregulation attenuates the effect of EGFR-TKI on the both AKT and ERK pathway, thereby decreasing the cell death sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. In xenograft mice, knockdown of PHLPP decreased tumor response to gefitinib and advanced tumor cells re-growth after gefitinib treatment. In clinical, PHLPP expression were reduced in the post-relapse tumor compared to that of pre-treatment, and lower pre-treatment PHLPP levels were significantly correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma whom treated with EGFR-TKI. Conclusions Our data strongly demonstrated that loss of PHLPP function was a key factor of EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC. Downregulated PHLPP expression activated PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK pathway which strengthened cell survival to EGFR-TKI. Therefore, PHLPP expression level was not only a potential biomarker to predict EGFR-TKIs sensitivity but also as a therapeutic target in EGFR-TKIs therapy, enhancing PHLPP expression may be a valuable strategy for delaying or overcoming EGFR-TKIs drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xinhang Xia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Kuifei Chen
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yinnan Meng
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Dongqing Lv
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, at Enze Hospital, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.,School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karlsen EA, Kahler S, Tefay J, Joseph SR, Simpson F. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Resistance Patterns to Targeted Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:1206. [PMID: 34069119 PMCID: PMC8156654 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which allows for precise and targeted therapy in these patients. The dysregulation of EGFR in solid epithelial cancers has two distinct mechanisms: either a kinase-activating mutation in EGFR (EGFR-mutant) and/or an overexpression of wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). The underlying mechanism of EGFR dysregulation influences the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy as well as the nature of resistance patterns and secondary mutations. This review will critically analyse the mechanisms of EGFR expression in NSCLC, its relevance to currently approved targeted treatment options, and the complex nature of secondary mutations and intrinsic and acquired resistance patterns in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Anne Karlsen
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Sam Kahler
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joan Tefay
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
- Department of General Surgery, Redland Hospital, Cleveland 4163, Australia
| | - Shannon R. Joseph
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park T. Crk and CrkL as Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040739. [PMID: 33801580 PMCID: PMC8065463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crk and CrkL are cellular counterparts of the viral oncoprotein v-Crk. Crk and CrkL are overexpressed in many types of human cancer, correlating with poor prognosis. Furthermore, gene knockdown and knockout of Crk and CrkL in tumor cell lines suppress tumor cell functions, including cell proliferation, transformation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, resistance to chemotherapy drugs, and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Conversely, overexpression of tumor cells with Crk or CrkL enhances tumor cell functions. Therefore, Crk and CrkL have been proposed as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, it is unclear whether Crk and CrkL make distinct or overlapping contributions to tumor cell functions in various cancer types because Crk or CrkL have been examined independently in most studies. Two recent studies using colorectal cancer and glioblastoma cells clearly demonstrated that Crk and CrkL need to be ablated individually and combined to understand distinct and overlapping roles of the two proteins in cancer. A comprehensive understanding of individual and overlapping roles of Crk and CrkL in tumor cell functions is necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies. This review systematically discusses crucial functions of Crk and CrkL in tumor cell functions and provides new perspectives on targeting Crk and CrkL in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeju Park
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sundara Rajan S, Ludwig KR, Hall KL, Jones TL, Caplen NJ. Cancer biology functional genomics: From small RNAs to big dreams. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1343-1361. [PMID: 33043516 PMCID: PMC7702050 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the 20th anniversary of the first publications reporting the discovery of the gene silencing mechanism, RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells. Along with the many studies that delineated the proteins and substrates that form the RNAi pathway, this finding changed our understanding of the posttranscriptional regulation of mammalian gene expression. Furthermore, the development of methods that exploited the RNAi pathway began the technological revolution that eventually enabled the interrogation of mammalian gene function-from a single gene to the whole genome-in only a few days. The needs of the cancer research community have driven much of this progress. In this perspective, we highlight milestones in the development and application of RNAi-based methods to study carcinogenesis. We discuss how RNAi-based functional genetic analysis of exemplar tumor suppressors and oncogenes furthered our understanding of cancer initiation and progression and explore how such studies formed the basis of genome-wide scale efforts to identify cancer or cancer-type specific vulnerabilities, including studies conducted in vivo. Furthermore, we examine how RNAi technologies have revealed new cancer-relevant molecular targets and the implications for cancer of the first RNAi-based drugs. Finally, we discuss the future of functional genetic analysis, highlighting the increasing availability of complementary approaches to analyze cancer gene function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics BranchCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics BranchCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Katherine L. Hall
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics BranchCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tamara L. Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics BranchCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Natasha J. Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics BranchCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nagano T, Tachihara M, Nishimura Y. Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies Including Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:595-630. [PMID: 30526458 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666181210114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Molecular targeted therapy has greatly advanced the field of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for the majority of lung cancers. Indeed, gefitinib, which was the first molecular targeted therapeutic agent, has actually doubled the survival time of NSCLC patients. Vigorous efforts of clinicians and researchers have revealed that lung cancer develops through the activating mutations of many driver genes including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), and rearranged during transfection (RET) genes. Although ALK, ROS1, and RET are rare genetic abnormalities, corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can exert dramatic therapeutic effects. In addition to anticancer drugs targeting driver genes, bevacizumab specifically binds to human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and blocks the VEGF signaling pathway. The VEGF signal blockade suppresses angiogenesis in tumor tissues and inhibits tumor growth. In this review, we also explore immunotherapy, which is a promising new NSCLC treatment approach. In general, antitumor immune responses are suppressed in cancer patients, and cancer cells escape from the immune surveillance mechanism. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target the primary escape mechanisms, immune checkpoints. Patients who respond to ICIs are reported to experience longlasting therapeutic effects. A wide range of clinical approaches, including combination therapy involving chemotherapy or radiation plus adjuvant therapy, are being developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoko Tachihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Majid A, Wang J, Nawaz M, Abdul S, Ayesha M, Guo C, Liu Q, Liu S, Sun MZ. miR-124-3p Suppresses the Invasiveness and Metastasis of Hepatocarcinoma Cells via Targeting CRKL. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:223. [PMID: 33094104 PMCID: PMC7522612 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expressions of microRNAs are involved in growth and progression of human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An adaptor protein CRKL plays a pivotal role in HCC growth, whereas miR-124-3p downregulation is associated with clinical stage and the poor survival of patients. However, the relationship between miR-124-3p and CRKL and the molecular mechanisms through which they regulate HCC metastasis remains unclear. In the current work, we explored miR-124-3p and its correlation with CRKL expression in HCC patient tissues. We found that miR-124-3p deficiency is inversely co-related with CRKL overexpression in tumorous tissues of HCC patients, which was also consistent in HCCLM3 and Huh7 HCC cell lines. Target validation data shows that miR-124-3p directly targets CRKL. The overexpression of miR-124-3p reverses the CRKL expression at both mRNA and protein levels and inhibits the cell development, migration, and invasion. Mechanistic investigations showed that CRKL downregulation suppresses the ERK pathway and EMT process, and concomitant decrease in invasion and metastasis of HCC cells. The expressions of key molecules in the ERK pathway such as RAF, MEK, ERK1/2, and pERK1/2 and key promoters of EMT such as N-cadherin and vimentin were downregulated, whereas E-cadherin, a key suppression indicator of EMT, was upregulated. MiR-124-3p-mediated CRKL suppression led to BAX/BCL-2 increase and C-JUN downregulation, which inhibited the cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis in HCC cells. Collectively, our data illustrates that miR-124-3p acts as an important tumor-suppressive miRNA to suppress HCC carcinogenesis through targeting CRKL. The miR-124-3p-CRKL axial regulated pathway may offer valuable indications for cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbasi Majid
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sattar Abdul
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Munawar Ayesha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qinglong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang H, Dai M, Wu Y, Dong Y, Qi L, Xi Q, Liang G. microRNA-132 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by regulating CT10 oncogenic gene homolog II-related signaling pathways. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4433-4443. [PMID: 35117808 PMCID: PMC8798291 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a large amount of evidence showing the involvement of microRNA-132 (miR-132) in the occurrence and prognosis of many different types of cancer, the role of miR-132 in ovarian cancer and its potential molecular mechanism have yet to be fully explained. METHOD We studied the biological function and molecular mechanism of miR-132 in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical tissue samples using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, Luciferase reporter assay, CCK8 test, colony formation test, and scratch and Transwell assays. RESULTS The expression level of miR-132 was significantly reduced in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical tissue samples. When the level of miR-132 was increased, the proliferation, colony-forming, migration, and invasion abilities of ovarian cancer cells were significantly inhibited. We found that miR-132 inhibits the expression of transcription factor CT10 Oncogenic Gene Homologue II (CRKII) through specific targeting of mRNA 3'-UTR. We also observed a significant increase in CRKII expression in ovarian cancer. Notably, CRKII expression was negatively correlated with miR-132 expression in clinical ovarian cancer tissue. Down-regulation of CRKII had a similar inhibitory effect on miR-132 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells, while excessive expression of CRKII reversed the inhibitory effect mediated by the excessive expression of miR-132. CONCLUSIONS miR-132 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of ovarian cancer cells through targeting CRKII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yansong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qinghua Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guiwen Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bidirectional interaction of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 and CRKL accelerates the proliferative and metastatic abilities of hepatocarcinoma cells. J Adv Res 2020; 24:121-130. [PMID: 32280542 PMCID: PMC7139140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1), a long non-coding RNA transcribed from the antisense strand of protein coding gene AFAP1, has attracted attention in cancer research. Despite, its biological function and regulatory mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma still unknown. The present study revealed AFAP1-AS1 mediated hepatocarcinoma progression through targeting CRKL. The bidirectional interaction of AFAP1-AS1 and oncogenic protein CRKL, and the deregulation of AFAP1-AS1 effects on Ras, MEK and c-Jun activities were investigated in depth. AFAP1-AS1 was upregulated in surgical tumorous tissues from hepatocarcinoma patients compared with the paired paracancerous non-tumor liver tissues, and in hepatocarcinoma Huh7, HCCLM3 and HepG2 cell lines compared with LO2, a normal liver cell line. AFAP1-AS1 knockdown noticeably suppressed the proliferative, migratory and invasive properties, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of HepG2 and HCCLM3 through upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating N-cadherin and vimentin. CRKL knockdown reduced AFAP1-AS1 expression levels in HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells. AFAP1-AS1 suppression impaired CRKL expression in HepG2 and HCCLM3. AFAP1-AS1 level change was positively correlated with the expression level changes of Ras, MEK and c-Jun in mediating the invasiveness of hepatocarcinoma cells. Current work demonstrated AFAP1-AS1 to be an applicable progression indicator of hepatocarcinoma. AFAP1-AS1 probably promotes the proliferation, EMT progression and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells via CRKL mediated Ras/MEK/c-Jun and cadherin/vimentin signaling pathways. AFAP1-AS1-CRKL bidirectional feedback signaling is worthy of further study on the monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
Collapse
|
32
|
Franke FC, Slusarenko BO, Engleitner T, Johannes W, Laschinger M, Rad R, Nitsche U, Janssen KP. Novel role for CRK adaptor proteins as essential components of SRC/FAK signaling for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and colorectal cancer aggressiveness. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1715-1731. [PMID: 32147820 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cell plasticity process required for metastasis and chemoresistance of carcinoma cells. We report a crucial role of the signal adaptor proteins CRK and CRKL in promoting EMT and tumor aggressiveness, as well as resistance against chemotherapy in colorectal and pancreatic carcinoma. Genetic loss of either CRKL or CRK partially counteracted EMT in three independent cancer cell lines. Strikingly, complete loss of the CRK family shifted cells strongly toward the epithelial phenotype. Cells exhibited greatly increased E-cadherin and grew as large, densely packed clusters, completely lacked invasiveness and the ability to undergo EMT induced by cytokines or genetic activation of SRC. Furthermore, CRK family-deficiency significantly reduced cell survival, proliferation and chemoresistance, as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation and c-MYC protein levels. In accordance, MYC-target gene expression was identified as novel hallmark process positively regulated by CRK family proteins. Mechanistically, CRK proteins were identified as pivotal amplifiers of SRC/FAK signaling at focal adhesions, mediated through a novel positive feedback loop depending on RAP1. Expression of the CRK family and the EMT regulator ZEB1 was significantly correlated in samples from colorectal cancer patients, especially in invasive regions. Further, high expression of CRK family genes was significantly associated with reduced survival in locally advanced colorectal cancer, as well as in pan-cancer datasets from the TCGA project. Thus, CRK family adaptor proteins are promising therapeutic targets to counteract EMT, chemoresistance, metastasis formation and minimal residual disease. As proof of concept, CRK family-mediated oncogenic signaling was successfully inhibited by a peptide-based inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Franke
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin O Slusarenko
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Widya Johannes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Laschinger
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hermawan A, Putri H, Utomo RY. Comprehensive bioinformatics study reveals targets and molecular mechanism of hesperetin in overcoming breast cancer chemoresistance. Mol Divers 2019; 24:933-947. [PMID: 31659695 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-10003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment can be increased using a combinatorial agent. Hesperetin has been reported to increase the sensitivity of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This present study was conducted to identify the potential target and molecular mechanism of hesperetin in circumventing breast cancer chemoresistance using a bioinformatics approach. Microarray data obtained after hesperetin treatment in the NCI-60 cell line panel collection were retrieved from the COMPARE public library. These data were then compared with the list of the regulatory genes of breast cancer resistance obtained from PubMed and further analyzed for gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment, as well as protein-protein interaction network. A Venn diagram of COMPARE microarray data and the gene list from PubMed generated 56 genes (potential therapeutic target genes/PTTGs). These PTTGs participate in the biological process of the JAK-STAT cascade and are located in the nucleus, exert a molecular function in protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and regulate the erbB signaling pathway. Drug association analysis demonstrated that both hesperetin and the erbB receptor inhibitors, i.e., monoclonal antibody and tyrosine kinase inhibitor, target the same mRNA expression. Furthermore, results of the molecular docking study revealed that hesperetin is a promising inhibitor that targets ABL1, DNMT3B, and MLH1 due to the similarity of binding properties with its native ligand. In conclusion, the possible pathways and the regulatory genes identified in this study may offer new insights into the mechanism by which hesperetin overcomes breast cancer chemoresistance. A combinatorial therapy with hesperetin targeting ABL1, DNMT3B, and MLH1 may be effective in circumventing chemoresistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Herwandhani Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fan G, Xu P, Tu P. MiR-1827 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting MYC and FAM83F. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1675-1689. [PMID: 31595558 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioactivity of microRNA-1827 (miR-1827) in lung adenocarcinoma cells would be explored. The expression level of gene and miR-1827 in 76 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent counterparts were analyzed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Primary lung adenocarcinoma cells were derived from patients' tissues. These cells were treated with miR-1827 agomir to mimic the upregulation of endogenous miR-1827. The malignant degree of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro was evaluated by cell proliferation, colony formation, transwell invasion, and apoptosis assays. Western blot analysis was used to observe the transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells from epithelial-to-mesenchymal. Target genes of miR-1827 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the interaction between miR-1827 and candidate messenger RNAs was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and AGO2-RNA immunoprecipitation. Besides, the effect of miR-1827 on tumors was verified by in vivo experiments. Transient gene overexpression was achieved by plasmids transfection. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-1827 was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, and its low expression was significantly correlated with the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and poor prognosis of patients. miR-1827 overexpression remarkably reduced the malignancy of primary lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. MYC and FAM83F were identified as two targeted genes of miR-1827 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The levels of these two genes were upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, and their high expression was significantly associated with the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and poor prognosis of patients. Overexpression of MYC or FAM83F attenuated the effects of miR-1827 on primary lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that miR-1827 inhibited tumor growth by reducing the levels of MYC and FAM83F. In conclusion, miR-1827 might repress the development of lung adenocarcinoma by targeting oncogenic genes MYC and FAM83F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gongchun Fan
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Shiyan, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Shiyan Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Tu
- Department of Oncology, The Shiyan Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tan HY, Ho VWT, Chan YT, Zhang C, Wang N, Xia W, Feng Y. Combination of Gentiana rhodantha and Gerbera anandria in the BL02 formula as therapeutics to non-small cell lung carcinoma acting via Rap1/cdc42 signaling: A transcriptomics/ bio-informatics biological validation approach. Pharmacol Res 2019; 155:104415. [PMID: 31465829 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks the most commonly diagnosed and highest mortality-leading cancer worldwide despite a variety of treatment strategies are available. The highly heterogeneous and aggressive property of NSCLC as well as its poor prognosis indicates the need for novel therapeutic targets identification. The objective of this study is to identify potential targets from the adjuvant herbal formula BL02 using a combined approach of high throughput transcriptomics and network pharmacology. METHODS The quality and stability of BL02 were assessed by UHPLC analysis. The inhibitory effect of BL02 on NSCLC was measured by in vivo orthotopic intrathoracic mouse model and in vitro cellular models. EGFR-mutant HCC827 and wild type A549 cell lines were employed. Transcriptomics analysis was introduced to profile the gene expression of NSCLC cells treated with BL02; Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses predicted the interaction of compounds and NSCLC targets. Immuno-blotting and pull-down assays verified the putative targets. RESULTS The UHPLC analysis revealed that BL02 was relatively stable between batches of production and for 24 months of storage. Orally administration of BL02 was safe and effective to inhibit pulmonary NSCLC growth in mice implanted with A549 and HCC827-generated tumors. BL02 exhibited relatively low cytotoxicity to NSCLC cells in vitro, but potently suppressed NSCLC cell motility. The transcriptomic analysis illustrated that EGFR and cellular adhesion-related signaling is involved in BL02 action. Further bioinformatics analysis validated BL02 activity is mediated by cdc42-regulated signaling. BL02 depolymerized the actin cytoskeleton through suppressing cdc42 and deactivating its upstream molecule Rap1. These effects may be primarily mediated by the direct binding of 5-methylcoumarin-4-cellobioside and mangiferin from BL02 to Rap1 protein. CONCLUSION Our study proposes an integration model of experimental, transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses in the identification of novel therapeutic target of NSCLC from an adjuvant herbal formula BL02. Our findings revealed that inhibition of Rap1/cdc42 signaling by active compounds 5-methylcoumarin-4-cellobioside and mangiferin from BL02 might be potentially effective therapy for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Venice Wing-Tung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wen Xia
- Joint Research Center for National and Local Miao Drug, Anshun, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Song Q, Yi F, Zhang Y, Jun Li DK, Wei Y, Yu H, Zhang Y. CRKL regulates alternative splicing of cancer-related genes in cervical cancer samples and HeLa cell. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:499. [PMID: 31133010 PMCID: PMC6537309 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant spliced isoforms are specifically associated with cancer progression and metastasis. The cytoplasmic adaptor CRKL (v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like) is a CRK like proto-oncogene, which encodes a SH2 and SH3 (src homology) domain-containing adaptor protein. CRKL is tightly linked to leukemia via its binding partners BCR-ABL and TEL-ABL, upregulated in multiple types of human cancers, and induce cancer cell proliferation and invasion. However, it remains unclear whether signaling adaptors such as CRKL could regulate alternative splicing. METHODS We analyzed the expression level of CRKL in 305 cervical cancer tissue samples available in TCGA database, and then selected two groups of cancer samples with CRKL differentially expressed to analyzed potential CRKL-regulated alternative splicing events (ASEs). CRKL was knocked down by shRNA to further study CRKL-regulated alternative splicing and the activity of SR protein kinases in HeLa cells using RNA-Seq and Western blot techniques. We validated 43 CRKL-regulated ASEs detected by RNA-seq in HeLa cells, using RT-qPCR analysis of HeLa cell samples and using RNA-seq data of the two group of clinical cervical samples. RESULTS The expression of CRKL was mostly up-regulated in stage I cervical cancer samples. Knock-down of CRKL led to a reduced cell proliferation. CRKL-regulated alternative splicing of a large number of genes were enriched in cancer-related functional pathways, among which DNA repair and G2/M mitotic cell cycle, GnRH signaling were shared among the top 10 enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways by results from clinical samples and HeLa cell model. We showed that CRKL-regulated ASEs revealed by computational analysis using ABLas software in HeLa cell were highly validated by RT-qPCR, and also validated by cervical cancer clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of CRKL-regulation of the alternative splicing of a number of genes critical in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, which is consistent with CRKL reported role as a signaling adaptor and a kinase. Our results underline that the signaling adaptor CRKL might integrate the external and intrinsic cellular signals and coordinate the dynamic activation of cellular signaling pathways including alternative splicing regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Song
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fengtao Yi
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Health and Genome Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China.,Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Daniel K Jun Li
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yaxun Wei
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Han Yu
- Laboratory of Human Health and Genome Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Health and Genome Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China. .,Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nagano T, Tachihara M, Nishimura Y. Mechanism of Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and a Potential Treatment Strategy. Cells 2018; 7:E212. [PMID: 30445769 PMCID: PMC6262543 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) improves the overall survival of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First-generation EGFR-TKIs (e.g., gefitinib and erlotinib) or second-generation EGFR-TKIs (e.g., afatinib and dacomitinib) are effective for the treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC, especially in patients with EGFR exon 19 deletions or an exon 21 L858R mutation. However, almost all cases experience disease recurrence after 1 to 2 years due to acquired resistance. The EGFR T790M mutation in exon 20 is the most frequent alteration associated with the development of acquired resistance. Osimertinib-a third-generation EGFR-TKI-targets the T790M mutation and has demonstrated high efficacy against EGFR-mutated lung cancer. However, the development of acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKI, involving the cysteine residue at codon 797 mutation, has been observed. Other mechanisms of acquired resistance include the activation of alternative pathways or downstream targets and histological transformation (i.e., epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition or conversion to small-cell lung cancer). Furthermore, the development of primary resistance through overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor and suppression of Bcl-2-like protein 11 expression may lead to problems. In this report, we review these mechanisms and discuss therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Motoko Tachihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim JY, Lee WJ, Park HY, Kim A, Shin DH, Lee CH. Differential MicroRNA Expression between EGFR T790M and L858R Mutated Lung Cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 52:275-282. [PMID: 30114862 PMCID: PMC6166019 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2018.07.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation. They are commonly deregulated in human malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to investigate miRNA expression in T790M-mutated NSCLC resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods Six cases of resected NSCLC harboring the T790M mutation were examined. We performed miRNA time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array profiling using EGFR T790M-mutated NSCLC and L858R-mutated NSCLC. Once identified, miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the two groups were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results miRNA PCR array profiling revealed three up-regulated miRNAs whose expression levels were altered 4.0-fold or more in the EGFR T790M mutation group than in the L858R group: miR-1 (fold change, 4.384), miR-196a (fold change, 4.138), and miR-124 (fold change, 4.132). The three differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, and they were found to be overexpressed in the T790M group relative to L858R group. In particular, expression levels of miR-1 and miR-124 were significantly higher in the T790M group (p-value of miR-1 = .004, miR-124 = .007, miR-196a = .096). Conclusions MiR-1, miR-124, and miR-196a are overexpressed in EGFR T790M mutated NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Jeong Lee
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ahrong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang J, Gao X, Schmit F, Adelmant G, Eck MJ, Marto JA, Zhao JJ, Roberts TM. CRKL Mediates p110β-Dependent PI3K Signaling in PTEN-Deficient Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 20:549-557. [PMID: 28723560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The p110β isoform of PI3K is preferentially activated in many tumors deficient in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). However, the mechanism(s) linking PTEN loss to p110β activation remain(s) mysterious. Here, we identify CRKL as a member of the class of PI3Kβ-interacting proteins. Silencing CRKL expression in PTEN-null human cancer cells leads to a decrease in p110β-dependent PI3K signaling and cell proliferation. In contrast, CRKL depletion does not impair p110α-mediated signaling. Further study showed that CRKL binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated p130Cas in PTEN-null cancer cells. Since Src family kinases are known both to be regulated by PTEN and to phosphorylate and activate p130Cas, we tested and found that Src inhibition cooperated with p110β inhibition to suppress the growth of PTEN-null cells. These data suggest both a potential mechanism linking PTEN loss to p110β activation and the possible benefit of dual inhibition of Src and PI3K for PTEN-null tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fabienne Schmit
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guillaume Adelmant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Thomas M Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Drug resistance inevitably limits the efficacy of all targeted therapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Understanding the biological underpinnings of TKI resistance is key to the successful development of future therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, mechanisms of TKI resistance have been viewed under a dichotomous lens. Tumor cells are TKI-sensitive or TKI-refractory, exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance, and accumulate alterations within or outside the target to promote their survival. Such classifications facilitate our comprehension of an otherwise complex biology, but are likely an oversimplification. Recent studies underscore the multifaceted, genetically heterogeneous nature of TKI resistance, which evolves dynamically with changes in therapy. In this Review, we provide a broad framework for understanding the diverse mechanisms of resistance at play in oncogene-driven lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Lin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
CRKL mediates EML4-ALK signaling and is a potential therapeutic target for ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29199-210. [PMID: 27078848 PMCID: PMC5045389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements are oncogenic drivers in a small subset of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The ALK inhibitors are highly effective in NSCLC patients harboring ALK rearrangements; however, most patients acquire resistance to the therapy following an initial response. Mechanisms of acquired resistance are complex. We used LC-MS/MS-based phosphotyrosine-peptide profiling in the EML4-ALK rearranged H3122 and H2228 cells treated with ALK inhibitors, to identify downstream effectors of ALK. We then used Western blot, siRNA experiments, cell proliferation, viability and migration assays to validate our findings. We identified CRKL as a novel downstream effector of ALK signaling. We demonstrated that CRKL tyrosine phosphorylation was repressed by pharmacological inhibition or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of ALK in the ALK-rearranged cells. More importantly, CRKL knockdown attenuated their cell proliferation, viability, and migration, but it had no effect on ALK phosphorylation and expression in these cells. Furthermore, CRKL tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by dasatinib (an inhibitor of ABL and SRC kinases), which in combination with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib displayed a synergistic inhibitory effect in vitro. In conclusion, our study suggests that CRKL is a key downstream effector of ALK, and combined inhibition of ALK and CRKL may represent an effective strategy for treating ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients.
Collapse
|
42
|
Discovering new PI3Kα inhibitors with a strategy of combining ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 32:347-361. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-017-0092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
43
|
Ricordel C, Friboulet L, Facchinetti F, Soria JC. Molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR T790M-mutant lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:i28-i37. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
44
|
Ho CS, Noor SM, Nagoor NH. MiR-378 and MiR-1827 Regulate Tumor Invasion, Migration and Angiogenesis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma by Targeting RBX1 and CRKL, Respectively. J Cancer 2018; 9:331-345. [PMID: 29344280 PMCID: PMC5771341 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied over the decades and have been proposed as potential molecular targets for cancer treatment. Studies have shown that miR-378 participates in numerous biological processes in various cancers; whereas miR-1827 has only been reported in pediatric glioma. The mechanism of how miRNAs modulate lung cancer metastasis remains unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-378 is up-regulated while miR-1827 is down-regulated in high invasive lung cancer sub-cell lines, and their biological functions have been described. Here, we report that miR-378 and miR-1827 modulate lung cancer cell invasion and migration via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also demonstrated that cells treated with miR-378 inhibitors or miR-1827 mimics had reduced number of metastases and ectopic vessels in the zebrafish embryo model. We then showed that miR-378 promoted invasion and miR-1827 suppressed migration by targeting RBX1 and CRKL, respectively. Restored protein expression in miRNA-overexpressed/ miRNA-suppressed cells attenuated the inhibitory/ inducing effect of the miRNA on lung cancer cells. Collectively, our findings highlight that miR-378 and miR-1827 could serve as novel therapeutic targets in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chai San Ho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Westover D, Zugazagoitia J, Cho BC, Lovly CM, Paz-Ares L. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:i10-i19. [PMID: 29462254 PMCID: PMC6454547 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumours harbour activating mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) frequently derive significant clinical and radiographic benefits from treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). As such, prospective identification of EGFR mutations is now the standard of care worldwide. However, acquired therapeutic resistance to these agents invariably develops. Over the past 10 years, great strides have been made in defining the molecular mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance in an effort to design rational strategies to overcome this acquired drug resistance. Approximately 60% of patients with acquired resistance to the EGFR TKIs (erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib) develop a new mutation within the drug target. This mutation-T790M-has been shown to alter drug binding and enzymatic activity of the mutant EGF receptor. Less common mechanisms of acquired resistance include MET amplification, ERBB2 amplification, transformation to small-cell lung cancer, and others. Here, we present a condensed overview of the literature on EGFR-mutant NSCLC, paying particular attention to mechanisms of drug resistance, recent clinical trial results, and novel strategies for identifying and confronting drug resistance, while also striving to identify gaps in current knowledge. These advances are rapidly altering the treatment landscape for EGFR-mutant NSCLC, expanding the armamentarium of available therapies to maximize patient benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Westover
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - J Zugazagoitia
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación i + 12, Madrid
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, CNIO, Madrid
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C M Lovly
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - L Paz-Ares
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación i + 12, Madrid
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, CNIO, Madrid
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
- Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim N, Cho A, Watanabe H, Choi YL, Aziz M, Kassner M, Joung JG, Park AKJ, Francis JM, Bae JS, Ahn SM, Kim KM, Park JO, Park WY, Ahn MJ, Park K, Koo J, Yin HH, Cho J. Integrated genomic approaches identify upregulation of SCRN1 as a novel mechanism associated with acquired resistance to erlotinib in PC9 cells harboring oncogenic EGFR mutation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13797-809. [PMID: 26883194 PMCID: PMC4924679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting the tyrosine kinase activity of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) have been proven to be effective in treating a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring activating EGFR mutations. Inevitably these patients develop resistance to the EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Here, we performed integrated genomic analyses using an in vitro system to uncover alternative genomic mechanisms responsible for acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Specifically, we identified 80 genes whose expression is significantly increased in the erlotinib-resistant clones. RNAi-based systematic synthetic lethal screening of these candidate genes revealed that suppression of one upregulated transcript, SCRN1, a secernin family member, restores sensitivity to erlotinib by enhancing inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased levels of SCRN1 in 5 of 11 lung tumor specimens from EGFR-TKIs resistant patients. Taken together, we propose that upregulation of SCRN1 is an additional mechanism associated with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs and that its suppression serves as a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of NanoBio Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahye Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Meraj Aziz
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Michelle Kassner
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Kyung-Joo Park
- Department of NanoBio Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua M Francis
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joon Seol Bae
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Min Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyung Koo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongwei Holly Yin
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of NanoBio Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-967, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shoshan-Barmatz V, Bishitz Y, Paul A, Krelin Y, Nakdimon I, Peled N, Lavon A, Rudoy-Zilberman E, Refaely Y. A molecular signature of lung cancer: potential biomarkers for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105492-105509. [PMID: 29285267 PMCID: PMC5739654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sub-types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both present unique features at the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome levels, as well as shared clinical and histopathological characteristics, but differ in terms of treatment. To ensure proper treatment, one must be able to distinguish between these sub-types. Here, we identify novel biomarker proteins in NSCLC, allowing for distinguishing between the AC and SCC sub-types. Proteomics analysis distinguished between healthy and tumor tissues, with the expression level of 1,494 proteins being altered, 378 of which showed a ≥|100|-fold change. Enrichment of proteins related to protein synthesis and degradation, and of proteins associated with mitochondria, metabolism, and apoptosis, was found. Network analysis defined groups of proteins, such as those associated with cell metabolic processes or with fatty acid/lipid metabolism and transport. Several biomarkers that enable for distinguishing between AC and SCC were identified here for the first time, and together with previous reports confirmed here, led us to propose a list of proteins differentially expressed in SCC and AC. Some of these biomarkers are clear signatures for AC or SCC and four of them are secreted proteins. The presence of the mitochondrial protein SMAC/Diablo in the nucleus was found to be a signature for SCC. Precise diagnosis of AC and SCC is essential for selecting appropriate treatment and thus, increasing patient life expectancy. Finally, the search for drugs that target some of these biomarkers may lead to new treatments for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Bishitz
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avijit Paul
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Itay Nakdimon
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Peled
- Thoracic Cancer Unit and The Center for Precision Cancer Care, Davidoff Cancer Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Avia Lavon
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elina Rudoy-Zilberman
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center and The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Refaely
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center and The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ren Y, Shang J, Li J, Liu W, Zhang Z, Yuan J, Yang M. The long noncoding RNA PCAT-1 links the microRNA miR-215 to oncogene CRKL-mediated signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17939-17949. [PMID: 28887306 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PCAT-1 resides in the chromosome 8q24 cancer-risk locus and acts as a vital oncogene during tumorigenesis and progression. However, how PCAT-1 is post-transcriptionally regulated, for example, by small ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) is largely unknown. Here, we report how miRNAs regulate PCAT-1 expression and also investigate the biological significance of this regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that miR-215, a P53-inducible miRNA, is a key regulator of PCAT-1 expression in HCC and identified an interaction between miR-215 and PCAT-1 in dual luciferase reporter gene assays. We also found that post-transcriptional silencing of PCAT-1 by miR-215 or PCAT-1 siRNAs significantly inhibited proliferation of HCC cells and, conversely, that inhibition of endogenous miR-215 up-regulated PCAT-1 expression and promoted cell viability. The tumor-suppressing role of miR-215 was further confirmed in an in vivo mouse HCC xenograft model. Of note, gene profiling assays suggested that the kinase CRK-like proto-oncogene, adaptor protein (CRKL), is a potential downstream target of the miR-215-PCAT-1 axis in HCC, and we demonstrated that CRKL silencing significantly suppresses cell proliferation. Taken together and considering the essential role of CRKL in cancer cells, we propose that the TP53-miR-215-PCAT-1-CRKL axis might represent an important regulatory pathway in HCC. In summary, our results highlight the involvement of several ncRNAs in HCC and thus provide critical insights into the molecular pathways operating in this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ren
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China and
| | - Jinhua Shang
- the College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jinliang Li
- the College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China and
| | - Zhao Zhang
- the College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jupeng Yuan
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China and
| | - Ming Yang
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China and
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Convergent Akt activation drives acquired EGFR inhibitor resistance in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:410. [PMID: 28871105 PMCID: PMC5583255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer patients with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations typically benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. However, virtually all patients succumb to acquired EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance that occurs via diverse mechanisms. The diversity and unpredictability of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance mechanisms presents a challenge for developing new treatments to overcome EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. Here, we show that Akt activation is a convergent feature of acquired EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, across a spectrum of diverse, established upstream resistance mechanisms. Combined treatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and Akt inhibitor causes apoptosis and synergistic growth inhibition in multiple EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer models. Moreover, phospho-Akt levels are increased in most clinical specimens obtained from EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer patients with acquired EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. Our findings provide a rationale for clinical trials testing Akt and EGFR inhibitor co-treatment in patients with elevated phospho-Akt levels to therapeutically combat the heterogeneity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance mechanisms. EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer are often resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. In this study, the authors show that resistant tumors display high Akt activation and that a combined treatment with AKT inhibitors causes synergistic tumour growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
50
|
Russo A, Franchina T, Ricciardi GRR, Smiroldo V, Picciotto M, Zanghì M, Rolfo C, Adamo V. Third generation EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutated NSCLC: Where are we now and where are we going. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 117:38-47. [PMID: 28807234 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of Non Small Lung Cancer (NSCLC) has been profoundly changed over the last decade with the clinical introduction of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the discovery of EGFR activating mutations as the major predictive factor to these agents. Despite impressive clinical activity against EGFR-mutated NSCLCs, the benefit seen with 1st and 2nd generation EGFR TKIs is usually transient and virtually all patients become resistant. Several different mechanisms of acquired resistance have been reported to date, but the vast majority of patients develop a secondary exon 20 mutation in the ATP-binding site of EGFR, namely T790M. The discovery of mutant-selective EGFR TKIs that selectively inhibit EGFR-mutants, including T790M-harboring NSCLCs, while sparing EGFR wild type, provide the opportunity for overcoming the major mechanism of acquired resistance to 1st and 2nd generation EGFR TKIs, with a relatively favorable toxicity profile. The development of this novel class of EGFR inhibitors poses novel challenges in the rapidly evolving therapeutic paradigm of EGFR-mutated NSCLCs and the next few years will witness the beginning of a new era for EGFR inhibition in lung cancer. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the increasing body of data emerging from the ongoing clinical trials with this promising novel therapeutic class of EGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Italy
| | - T Franchina
- Medical Oncology Unit A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Italy
| | - G R R Ricciardi
- Medical Oncology Unit A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Italy
| | - V Smiroldo
- Medical Oncology Unit A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Italy
| | - M Picciotto
- Medical Oncology Unit A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Italy
| | - M Zanghì
- Medical Oncology Unit A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Rolfo
- Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital and Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - V Adamo
- Medical Oncology Unit A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|