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Zhang Q, Yang G, Chang R, Wang F, Han T, Tian J, Wang W. Time series analysis combined with transcriptome sequencing to explore characteristic genes and potential molecular mechanisms associated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation of glioma. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2406889. [PMID: 39317933 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2406889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore marker genes and their potential molecular mechanisms involved in US-guided MWA for glioma in mice. METHOD The differentially expressed genes (DEGs1 and DEGs2) and lncRNAs (DELs1 and DELs2) were obtained between Non (glioma tissues without MWA) and T0 groups (0h after MWA), as well as between Non and T24 groups (24h after MWA). The down-regulation cluster genes (CONDOWNDEGs) and upregulation cluster genes (CONUPDEGs) were identified by time series analysis. Candidate genes were obtained by overlapping CONDOWNDEGs with downregulation DEGs (DOWNDEGs)1 and DOWNDEGs2, as well as CONUPDEGs with up-regulation DEGs (UPDEGs)1 and UPDEGs2. The expressions of immune checkpoints and inflammatory factors, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and protein subcellular localization were performed. The eXpression2Kinases (X2K), GeneMANIA, transcription factor (TF), and competing endogenous (ce) RNA regulatory networks were conducted. The expression of marker genes was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Five marker genes (IL32, VCAM1, IL34, NFKB1 and CXCL13) were identified, which were connected with immune-related functions. Two immune checkpoints (CD96 and TIGIT) and six inflammatory factors played key roles in US-guided MWA for glioma. ceRNA regulatory networks revealed that miR-625-5p, miR-625-3p, miR-31-5p and miR-671-5p were associated with target genes. qRT-PCR indicated both IL32, VCAM1, and NFKB1 were potential markers under US-guided MWA-related time series analysis. CONCLUSION The use of US-guided MWA might be a practical method for influencing the function of target genes, regulating time frames to decrease inflammation, and stimulating immune responses in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangfei Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruijiao Chang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fuxia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Yinchuan, China
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Pham DT, Tran TD. Drivergene.net: A Cytoscape app for the identification of driver nodes of large-scale complex networks and case studies in discovery of drug target genes. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108888. [PMID: 39047507 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
There are no tools to identify driver nodes of large-scale networks in approach of competition-based controllability. This study proposed a novel method for this computation of large-scale networks. It implemented the method in a new Cytoscape plug-in app called Drivergene.net. Experiments of the software on large-scale biomolecular networks have shown outstanding speed and computing power. Interestingly, 86.67% of the top 10 driver nodes found on these networks are anticancer drug target genes that reside mostly at the innermost K-cores of the networks. Finally, compared method with those of five other researchers and confirmed that the proposed method outperforms the other methods on identification of anticancer drug target genes. Taken together, Drivergene.net is a reliable tool that efficiently detects not only drug target genes from biomolecular networks but also driver nodes of large-scale complex networks. Drivergene.net with a user manual and example datasets are available https://github.com/tinhpd/Drivergene.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Tinh Pham
- Complex Systems and Bioinformatics Lab, Hanoi University of Industry, 298 Cau Dien Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Academy of Science and Technology Viet Nam, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tien-Dzung Tran
- Complex Systems and Bioinformatics Lab, Hanoi University of Industry, 298 Cau Dien Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, 298 Cau Dien Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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3
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Chu X, Tian Y, Lv C. Decoding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:150. [PMID: 39068459 PMCID: PMC11282869 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal in cancer progression, influencing tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. This review explores the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of TAMs within the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their diverse subtypes, origins, and functions. Advanced technologies such as single-cell sequencing and spatial multi-omics have elucidated the intricate interactions between TAMs and other TME components, revealing the mechanisms behind their recruitment, polarization, and distribution. Key findings demonstrate that TAMs support tumor vascularization, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, etc., thereby enhancing tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Understanding these complex dynamics offers new therapeutic targets for disrupting TAM-mediated pathways and overcoming drug resistance. This review underscores the potential of targeting TAMs to develop innovative cancer therapies, emphasizing the need for further research into their spatial characteristics and functional roles within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, P. R. China.
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4
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Chen X, Chen C, He R, Huang Y, Wang Y. UBXN11 Predicts as a Poor Index for Colorectal Cancer and Contributes to the Tumorigenesis by Activating NF-κB Signaling. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:2074-2082. [PMID: 38622461 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and progression remain poorly understood. This study endeavors to unravel the role of UBXN11within the context of CRC. METHODS UBXN11 expression level in CRC, stomach adenocarcinoma and esophageal carcinoma, and the overall survival in corresponding cancers were analyzed using UALCAN database. Human CRC cell lines and xenograft mouse model with UBXN11 overexpression were established to investigate the pathological role of UBXN11 in CRC progression. Luciferase assay, qPCR, and Western blot were performed to dissect the interaction between UBXN11 and NF-κB signaling. RESULTS Heightened UBXN11 expression was observed in various digestive tract tumors, which was positively correlated with the reduced overall survival rates in CRC patients. Overexpression of UBXN11 significantly enhanced CRC cell proliferation in vitro and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, UBXN11 promoted CRC tumorigenesis through increasing the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the pivotal role of UBXN11 in CRC progression and paves the way for novel therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Changxin Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Rensong He
- Endoscopy Center, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yisen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yubin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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5
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Cornice J, Verzella D, Arboretto P, Vecchiotti D, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Franzoso G. NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:197. [PMID: 38397187 PMCID: PMC10888451 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they sustain tumor progression and or-tumor immunity. Due to their plasticity, macrophages can exhibit anti- or pro-tumor functions through the expression of different gene sets leading to distinct macrophage phenotypes: M1-like or pro-inflammatory and M2-like or anti-inflammatory. NF-κB transcription factors are central regulators of TAMs in cancers, where they often drive macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy in a wide range of human tumors. Hence, targeting NF-κB pathway in the myeloid compartment is a potential clinical strategy to overcome microenvironment-induced immunosuppression and increase anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the role of NF-κB as a key driver of macrophage functions in tumors as well as the principal strategies to overcome tumor immunosuppression by targeting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cornice
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Paola Arboretto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Davide Vecchiotti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
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Liu Y, Chen X, Xu Y, Yang T, Wang H, Wang Z, Hu Z, Chen L, Zhang Z, Wu Y. CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages via up-regulation of CCL15. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:81-94. [PMID: 37987774 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent a key factor in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), exerting significant influence over tumor migration, invasion, immunosuppressive features, and drug resistance. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), a 30 KDa protein which was secreted during the tissue-repair process, is highly expressed in several malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies demonstrated that CTHRC1 expression in TAMs was positively correlated to M2 macrophage polarization and liver metastasis, while our discovery suggesting a novel mechanism that CTHRC1 secreted from cancer cell could indirectly interplay with TAMs. In this study, the high expression level of CTHRC1 was evaluated in CRC based on GEO and TCGA databases. Further, CTHRC1 was detected high in all stages of CRC patients by ELISA and was correlated to poor prognosis. Multispectral imaging of IHC demonstrated that M2 macrophage infiltration was increased accompanied with CTHRC1 enrichment, suggesting that CTHRC1 may have chemotactic effect on macrophages. In vitro, CTHRC1 could have chemotactic ability of macrophage in the presence of HT-29 cell line. Cytokine microarray revealed that CTHRC1 could up-regulate the CCL15 level of HT-29, pathway analysis demonstrated that CTHRC1 could regulate CCL15 by controlling the TGFβ activation and Smad phosphorylation level. In vivo, knocking down of CTHRC1 from CT-26 also inhibits tumor formation. In conclusion, CTHRC1 could promote the chemotactic ability of macrophages by up-regulating CCL15 via TGFβ/Smad pathway; additionally, a high level of CTHRC1 could promote macrophage's M2 polarization. This discovery may be related to tumor immune tolerance and tumor immunotherapy resistance in CRC. KEY MESSAGES: CTHRC1 promotes CRC progression by up-regulating CCL15 via TGF-β/Smad pathways to further recruit tumor-associated macrophages. By the means of autocrine or paracrine, CTHRC1 can indeed promote macrophage chemotaxis and enhance the infiltration of macrophages in tumor tissues but in the presence of tumor cells. CAFs were another source of CTHRC1, indicating CTHRC1 can infiltrate tumor islet as well as the stomal and be secreted from both tumor cells and CAFs. This study validated CTHRC1 as a potential immune therapy target CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangzheng Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhangyong Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Roghani SA, Lotfi R, Soleymani B, Samimi Z, Feizollahi P, Asar S, Abdan Z, Khorasanizadeh A, Taghadosi M. Investigating the correlation of the NF-κB and FoxP3 gene expression with the plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1443-1450. [PMID: 36737515 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease. Cytokines regulate a wide range of inflammatory processes involved in RA pathogenesis. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TGF-β and lL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6, were found to be potentially implicated in RA pathogenesis. Besides, NF-κB and FoxP3 are critical transcription factors regulating the inflammatory events occurring in RA patients. This study intends to assess the plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 cytokines, as well as the expression of NF-κB and FoxP3 genes in RA patients, compared to the healthy controls. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 50 RA patients (25 new case and 25 under-treatment) and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. The disease activity was determined using the DAS-28 and ESR criteria. Also, plasma levels of TGF-β1, lL-10, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and the gene expression of NF-κB and FoxP3 was evaluated using the real-time PCR method. RESULTS Our results showed a significant up-regulation of Rel-A and NF-κB1, and also a down-regulation of FoxP3 gene expression in under-treatment RA patients compared to the controls (P=0.031, P=0.014, and P=0.011, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant reduction of Rel-A and FoxP3 in the under-treatment RA patients compared to new case RA patients (P=0.005 and P=0.015, respectively). Also, plasma levels of TGF-β1 were significantly increased in both the new case and under-treatment RA patients relative to controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, classical NF-κB (P65/P50) and FoxP3 may have significant pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in RA pathogenesis, respectively. Key Point • NF-κB (P65/P50) has a contribution to the early phase of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Askar Roghani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bijan Soleymani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Samimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Feizollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shirin Asar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdan
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khorasanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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8
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Zhou F, Liu Y, Liu C, Wang F, Peng J, Xie Y, Zhou X. Knowledge landscape of tumor-associated macrophage research: A bibliometric and visual analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1078705. [PMID: 36742323 PMCID: PMC9890162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1078705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is a highly abundant immune population in tumor microenvironment, which plays an important role in tumor growth and progression. The aim of our study was to explore the development trends and research hotspots of TAM by bibliometric method. Methods The publications related to TAM were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and R software. Results A total of 6,405 articles published between 2001 and 2021 were included. The United States and China received the most citations, whereas the University of Milan, the university of California San Francisco and Sun Yat-sen University were the main research institutions. Mantovani, Alberto from Humanitas University was the most productive authors with the most citations. Cancer Research published the most articles and received the most co-citations. Activation, angiogenesis, breast cancer, NF-κB and endothelial growth factor were important keywords in TAM research. Among them, PD-1/L1, nanoparticle, PI3Kγ, resistance and immune microenvironment have become the focus of attention in more recent research. Conclusions The research on TAM is rapidly evolving with active cooperation worldwide. Anticancer therapy targeting TAM is emerging and promising area of future research, especially in translational application. This may provide guidance and new insights for further research in the field of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangfei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianxiang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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9
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The involvement of gut microbiota in the anti-tumor effect of carnosic acid via IL-17 suppression in colorectal cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110080. [PMID: 35926579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor that threatens human health worldwide. Disturbance of the gut microbiota caused by various external factors is one of the leading causes. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene compound, mainly isolated from rosemary plants, with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of CA in CRC development and its underlying mechanisms in B6/JGpt-Apcem1Cin(min)/Gpt (ApcMin/+) mice based on the analysis of gut microbiota, serum metabolomics, and tumor proteomics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were performed to confirm the changes in cytokine and protein levels related to inflammation after CA administration. CA regulated the abundance of the gut microbiota, which further caused changes in the production of dl-lactic acid. CA suppressed the inflammatory response by reducing the levels of IL-1β, -6, and -17A. Overall, CA showed anti-CRC properties via modulation of gut microbiota and serum metabolites through NF-κB/STAT3 signaling to inhibit IL-17 expression in ApcMin/+ mice. These results provide experimental evidence for the future treatment of CRC with CA.
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10
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Yu Q, Xiu Z, Jian Y, Zhou J, Chen X, Chen X, Chen C, Chen H, Yang S, Yin L, Zeng W. microRNA-497 prevents pancreatic cancer stem cell gemcitabine resistance, migration, and invasion by directly targeting nuclear factor kappa B 1. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5908-5924. [PMID: 35896012 PMCID: PMC9365558 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a small population of cells in cancerous tumors and play a critical role in tumor resistance to chemotherapy. miRNAs have been reported to enhance the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism requires better understanding. Methods: Cell viability and proliferation were examined with CCK8 assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was executed to assess mRNA expression. StarBase database was used to select the target genes of miRNA, which were further affirmed by dual luciferase assay. Transwell assay was used to analyze cell invasion and migration. Results: We proved that miR-497 could be obviously downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and CSCs from Aspc-1 and Bxpc-3 cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-497 evidently accelerated pancreatic CSC gemcitabine resistance, migration and invasion. Moreover, we revealed that nuclear factor kappa B 1 (NFκB1) was prominently upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and pancreatic CSCs, and NFκB1 was also identified as a direct target of miR-497. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of NFκB1 could also notably promote the viability, migration, and invasion of gemcitabine-treated pancreatic CSCs, but this effect could be partially abolished by miR-497 overexpression. Conclusions: Those findings suggest that miR-497 overexpression could suppress gemcitabine resistance and the metastasis of pancreatic CSCs and non-CSCs by directly targeting NFκB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangfeng Yu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai 51900, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Xiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Yizeng Jian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Jianyin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Chunxiang Chen
- Department of Science and Education, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Hongbao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai 51900, Guangdong, China
| | - Libo Yin
- The First People's Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlong Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
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11
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Madecassic acid alleviates colitis-associated colorectal cancer by blocking the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the inhibition of IL-17 expression in γδT17 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115138. [PMID: 35700756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Madecassic acid (MA), a triterpene compound isolated from Centella Asiatica herbs, has previously been shown to attenuate colitis induced by DSS in mice. In the present study, we address whether and how MA ameliorates colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), which accounts for a considerable proportion of colorectal cancer. METHODS CAC was induced by AOM/DSS in mice, and MA was administered orally once a day. To identify the source cells of IL-17 and the target cells for MA reducing the expression of IL-17 in the colons of CAC mice, single-cell suspensions were prepared from the colons of CAC mice and analyzed by flow cytometry. An adoptive transfer experiment was performed to verify the importance of the decreasing γδT17 cell population in the anti-CAC effect of MA. RESULTS Oral administration of MA reduced the burden and incidence of tumors in the CAC mice. MA decreased the number of MDSCs in the colon tissues of CAC mice and ameliorated anti-tumor immune responses. MA could prevent the migration of MDSCs by inhibiting the activation of γδT17 cells and the expression of chemokines. The population of activated-γδT17 cells in the tumor microenvironment of CAC mice positively correlated with the number of MDSCs and tumors as well as tumor load. Moreover, the anti-CAC effect of MA was significantly counteracted by the adoptive transfer of γδT17 cells. CONCLUSIONS MA alleviates CAC by blocking the recruitment of MDSCs to increase the population of anti-tumor immune cells in tumor microenvironment via inhibition of the activation of γδT17 cells.
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12
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Wang K, Lei Q, Ma H, Jiang M, Yang T, Ma Q, Datsomor O, Zhan K, Zhao G. Phloretin Protects Bovine Rumen Epithelial Cells from LPS-Induced Injury. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050337. [PMID: 35622584 PMCID: PMC9147548 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that induces immune and inflammatory responses in the rumen epithelium of dairy cows. It is well-known that flavonoid phloretin (PT) exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. The aim of this research was to explore whether PT could decrease LPS-induced damage to bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) and its molecular mechanisms of potential protective efficacy. BRECs were pretreated with PT for 2 h and then stimulated with LPS for the assessment of various response indicators. The results showed that 100 µM PT had no significant effect on the viability of 10 µg/mL LPS-induced BRECs, and this dose was used in follow-up studies. The results showed that PT pre-relieved the decline in LPS-induced antioxidant indicators (T-AOC and GSH-PX). PT pretreatment resulted in decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20) expression. The underlying mechanisms explored reveal that PT may contribute to inflammatory responses by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), and ERK1/2 (p42/44) signaling pathways. Moreover, further studies found that LPS-induced BRECs showed decreased expression of claudin-related genes (ZO-1, Occludin); these were attenuated by pretreatment with PT. These results suggest that PT enhances the antioxidant properties of BRECs during inflammation, reduces gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and enhances barrier function. Overall, the results suggest that PT (at least in vitro) offers some protective effect against LPS-induced ruminal epithelial inflammation. Further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify strategies for the prevention and amelioration of short acute rumen acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows using PT.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wu W, Meng W, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Li C. Protection against ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by evodiamine via anti‑inflammatory effects. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:188. [PMID: 35362542 PMCID: PMC8985202 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (Evo) is an alkaloid that can be extracted from the berry fruit Evodia rutaecarpa and has been reported to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antidiarrheal, antiemetic and antiulcer effects. In vivo, the potential effects of Evo were investigated in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‑induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc)MinC/Gpt C57BL/6 mice with colorectal cancer (CRC), where the latter harbours a point‑mutation in the Apc gene. Evo suppressed the degree of weight loss and colon shortening induced by DSS, decreased the disease activity index value and ameliorated the pathological alterations in the colon of mice with UC as examined via H&E staining of colon tissues. In addition, Evo decreased the number and size of colonic tumors in ApcMinC/Gpt mice. Proteomics (colon tissues), ELISA (colon tissues and serum) and western blotting (colon tissues) results revealed that Evo inhibited NF‑κB to mediate the levels of various cytokines, including, in the DSS‑induced UC model, IL‑1β, IL‑2, IL‑6, IL‑8, TNF‑α, IFN‑γ (ELISA of colon tissues and serum), NF‑κB, IKKα+β, IκBα, S100a9, TLR4 and MyD88 (western blotting of colon tissues), and, in the colorectal cancer model, IL‑1β, IL‑2, IL‑6, IL‑15, IL‑17, IL‑22, TNF‑α (ELISA of colon tissues and serum), NF‑κB, IKKα+β, IκBα and S100a9 (western blotting of colon tissues), to achieve its anti‑inflammatory and antitumor effects. In vitro, Evo also reduced the viability of the colon cancer cell line SW480, inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP detection), caused G2/M‑phase arrest (cell cycle detection) and suppressed the translocation of phosphorylated‑NF‑κB from the cytoplasm into the nucleus (immunofluorescence of p‑NF‑κB). Theoretical evidence (MD simulations) suggest that Evo may bind to the ordered domain (α‑helix) of NF‑κB to influence this protein. The protein secondary structure changes were analyzed by the cpptraj module in Amber. In addition, these data provide experimental evidence that Evo may be an effective agent for treating UC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wanyue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130119, P.R. China
| | - Chenliang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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LncRNA MAFG-AS1 promotes the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer by upregulating NFKB1-dependent IGF1. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:277-291. [PMID: 34035482 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were recently recognized to vitally function in a variety of cancer cellular events, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration, particularly in ovarian cancer (OC). Herein, we sought to investigate the potential role of MAFG-AS1 in the malignant behaviors of OC cells. The binding affinity between MAFG-AS1, miR-339-5p, NFKB1 or IGF1 was characterized so as to identify the underlying mechanism of corresponding their interactions. We conducted MAFG-AS1 overexpression or knockdown along with NFKB1 and IGF1 silencing to examine their effects on the EMT, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Tumors were xenografted in nude mice to validate the in vitro findings. Our data showed significantly high expression pattern of MAFG-AS1 in the OC tissues and cells. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that MAFG-AS1 upregulated the IGF1 expression pattern through recruitment of NFKB1, whereas MAFG-AS1 upregulated the NFKB1 expression pattern through binding to miR-339-5p. Thus, MAFG-AS1 overexpression accelerated the EMT, invasion, and migration of OC cells, which could be annulled by silencing of IGF1 or NFKB1. Besides, our in vitro findings were successfully recapitulated in the xenograft mice. These results determined that MAFG-AS1 stimulated the OC malignant progression by upregulating the NFKB1-mediated IGF1 via miR-339-5p, thus highlighting a novel potential therapeutic target against OC.
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15
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Vuttaradhi VK, Ezhil I, Ramani D, Kanumuri R, Raghavan S, Balasubramanian V, Saravanan R, Kanakarajan A, Joseph LD, Pitani RS, Sundaram S, Sjolander A, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. Inflammation-induced PELP1 expression promotes tumorigenesis by activating GM-CSF paracrine secretion in the tumor microenvironment. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101406. [PMID: 34774800 PMCID: PMC8671644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory tumor microenvironment has been implicated as a major player fueling tumor progression and an enabling characteristic of cancer, proline, glutamic acid, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a novel nuclear receptor coregulator that signals across diverse signaling networks, and its expression is altered in several cancers. However, investigations to find the role of PELP1 in inflammation-driven oncogenesis are limited. Molecular studies here, utilizing macrophage cell lines and animal models upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or necrotic cells, showed that PELP1 is an inflammation-inducible gene. Studies on the PELP1 promoter and its mutant identified potential binding of c-Rel, an NF-κB transcription factor subunit, to PELP1 promoter upon LPS stimulation in macrophages. Recruitment of c-Rel onto the PELP1 promoter was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation, further confirming LPS mediated PELP1 expression through c-Rel-specific transcriptional regulation. Macrophages that overexpress PELP1 induces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secretion, which mediates cancer progression in a paracrine manner. Results from preclinical studies with normal-inflammatory-tumor progression models demonstrated a progressive increase in the PELP1 expression, supporting this link between inflammation and cancer. In addition, animal studies demonstrated the connection of PELP1 in inflammation-directed cancer progression. Taken together, our findings provide the first report on c-Rel-specific transcriptional regulation of PELP1 in inflammation and possible granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated transformation potential of activated macrophages on epithelial cells in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, reiterating the link between PELP1 and inflammation-induced oncogenesis. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of PELP1 may help in designing better therapeutics to cure various inflammation-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kumari Vuttaradhi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inemai Ezhil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divya Ramani
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swetha Raghavan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramanian
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roshni Saravanan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Kanakarajan
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leena Dennis Joseph
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Pitani
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anita Sjolander
- Cell Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Lu L, Liu YJ, Cheng PQ, Hu D, Xu HC, Ji G. Macrophages play a role in inflammatory transformation of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:2013-2028. [PMID: 35070038 PMCID: PMC8713318 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide, and it is also a typical inflammatory cancer. The function of macrophages is very important in the tissue immune microenvironment during inflammatory and carcinogenic transformation. Here, we evaluated the function and mechanism of macrophages in intestinal physiology and in different pathological stages. Furthermore, the role of macrophages in the immune microenvironment of CRC and the influence of the intestinal population and hypoxic environment on macrophage function are summarized. In addition, in the era of tumor immunotherapy, CRC currently has a limited response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and we summarize potential therapeutic strategies for targeting tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Jing Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei-Qiu Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Han-Chen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Camba-Gómez M, Arosa L, Gualillo O, Conde-Aranda J. Chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammatory bowel disease: Recent findings and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:1167-1175. [PMID: 34896626 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite the benefits of current therapeutic options for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are still patients who are refractory to these therapies. Moreover, the relapses caused by incomplete intestinal mucosa healing are frequent. Therefore, there is a need for novel pharmacological targets that can improve the existing IBD therapeutic armamentarium. Chemokine and chemokine receptors have emerged as appealing options to this end. As well as controlling leukocyte trafficking to inflamed tissues, these proteins regulate many other processes related to the development of intestinal inflammation. In this review, we summarise the most recent preclinical studies, along with the putative application of chemokine-based therapies in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Camba-Gómez
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Arosa
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Conde-Aranda
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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18
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Somma D, Kok FO, Kerrigan D, Wells CA, Carmody RJ. Defining the Role of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB p105 Subunit in Human Macrophage by Transcriptomic Analysis of NFKB1 Knockout THP1 Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669906. [PMID: 34721373 PMCID: PMC8548695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery over 30 years ago the NF-ĸB family of transcription factors has gained the status of master regulator of the immune response. Much of what we understand of the role of NF-ĸB in immune development, homeostasis and inflammation comes from studies of mice null for specific NF-ĸB subunit encoding genes. The role of inflammation in diseases that affect a majority of individuals with health problems globally further establishes NF-ĸB as an important pathogenic factor. More recently, genomic sequencing has revealed loss of function mutations in the NFKB1 gene as the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiencies in Europeans. NFKB1 encodes the p105 subunit of NF-ĸB which is processed to generate the NF-ĸB p50 subunit. NFKB1 is the most highly expressed transcription factor in macrophages, key cellular drivers of inflammation and immunity. Although a key role for NFKB1 in the control of the immune system is apparent from Nfkb1-/- mouse studies, we know relatively little of the role of NFKB1 in regulating human macrophage responses. In this study we use the THP1 monocyte cell line and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate a model of NFKB1-/- human macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that activated NFKB1-/- macrophages are more pro-inflammatory than wild type controls and express elevated levels of TNF, IL6, and IL1B, but also have reduced expression of co-stimulatory factors important for the activation of T cells and adaptive immune responses such as CD70, CD83 and CD209. NFKB1-/- THP1 macrophages recapitulate key observations in individuals with NFKB1 haploinsufficiency including decreased IL10 expression. These data supporting their utility as an in vitro model for understanding the role of NFKB1 in human monocytes and macrophages and indicate that of loss of function NFKB1 mutations in these cells is an important component in the associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Somma
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fatma O Kok
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Kerrigan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine A Wells
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruaidhrí J Carmody
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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Exploring the Inflammatory Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040079. [PMID: 34842660 PMCID: PMC8628792 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Traditionally, mechanisms of colorectal cancer formation have focused on genetic alterations including chromosomal damage and microsatellite instability. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence supporting the role of inflammation in colorectal cancer formation. Multiple cytokines, immune cells such T cells and macrophages, and other immune mediators have been identified in pathways leading to the initiation, growth, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Outside the previously explored mechanisms and pathways leading to colorectal cancer, initiatives have been shifted to further study the role of inflammation in pathogenesis. Inflammatory pathways have also been linked to some traditional risk factors of colorectal cancer such as obesity, smoking and diabetes, as well as more novel associations such as the gut microbiome, the gut mycobiome and exosomes. In this review, we will explore the roles of obesity and diet, smoking, diabetes, the microbiome, the mycobiome and exosomes in colorectal cancer, with a specific focus on the underlying inflammatory and metabolic pathways involved. We will also investigate how the study of colon cancer from an inflammatory background not only creates a more holistic and inclusive understanding of this disease, but also creates unique opportunities for prevention, early diagnosis and therapy.
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20
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Lu C, Klement JD, Smith AD, Yang D, Waller JL, Browning DD, Munn DH, Liu K. p50 suppresses cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function to regulate tumor immune escape and response to immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001365. [PMID: 33051343 PMCID: PMC7555101 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NF-κB is a key link between inflammation and cancer. Previous studies of NF-κB have largely focused on tumor cells, and the intrinsic function of NF-κB in T cells in tumor development and response to immunotherapy is largely unknown. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that NF-κB1 (p50) activation in T cells underlies human colon cancer immune escape and human cancer non-response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Methods We screened NF-κB activation in human colon carcinoma and used mouse models to determine p50 function in tumor cells and immune cells. RNA-Seq was used to identify p50 target genes. p50 binding to target gene promoters were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. A p50 activation score was generated from gene expression profiling and used to link p50 activation to T-cell activation and function pre-nivolumab and post-nivolumab immunotherapy in human patients with cancer. Results p50 is the dominant form of NF-κB that is highly activated in immune cells in the human colorectal carcinoma microenvironment and neighboring non-neoplastic colon epithelial cells. Tumor cell intrinsic p50 signaling and T-cell intrinsic p50 signaling exert opposing functions in tumor growth control in vivo. Deleting Nfkb1 in tumor cells increased whereas in T cells decreased tumor growth in preclinical mouse models. Gene expression profiling identified Gzmb as a p50 target in T cells. p50 binds directly to a previously uncharacterized κB sequence at the Gzmb promoter in T cells, resulting in repression of Gzmb expression in tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to induce a dysfunctional CTL phenotype to promote tumor immune escape. p50 activation is inversely correlated with both GZMB expression and T-cell tumor infiltration in human colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, nivolumab immunotherapy decreased p50 activation and increased GZMB expression in human patients with melanoma. Conclusions Inflammation activates p50 that binds to the Gzmb promoter to repress granzyme B expression in T cells, resulting in CTL dysfunction to confer tumor immune escape and decreased response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Alyssa D Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jennifer L Waller
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Darren D Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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21
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Suresh R, Barakat DJ, Barberi T, Zheng L, Jaffee E, Pienta KJ, Friedman AD. NF-κB p50-deficient immature myeloid cell (p50-IMC) adoptive transfer slows the growth of murine prostate and pancreatic ductal carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000244. [PMID: 31940589 PMCID: PMC7057444 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages and dendritic cells lacking the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B p50 are skewed toward a proinflammatory phenotype, with increased cytokine expression and enhanced T cell activation; additionally, murine melanoma, fibrosarcoma, colon carcinoma, and glioblastoma grow slower in p50−/− mice. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of p50-negative immature myeloid cells (p50-IMCs) adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hosts. Immature cells were used to maximize tumor localization, and pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was examined due to its potential to impair marrow production of myeloid cells, to target tumor myeloid cells and to release tumor neoantigens. Methods Wild-type (WT)-IMC or p50-IMC were generated by culturing lineage-negative marrow cells from WT or p50−/− mice in media containing thrombopoietin, stem cell factor and Flt3 ligand for 6 days followed by monocyte colony-stimulating factor for 1 day on ultralow attachment plates. Mice inoculated with Hi-Myc prostate cancer (PCa) cells or K-RasG12D pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC)-luciferase cells received 5FU followed 5 days later by three doses of 107 immature myeloid cells (IMC) every 3–4 days. Results PCa cells grew slower in p50−/− mice, and absence of host p50 prolonged the survival of mice inoculated orthotopically with PDC cells. IMC from Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-luciferase mice localized to tumor, nodes, spleen, marrow, and lung. 5FU followed by p50-IMC slowed PCa and PDC tumor growth, ~3-fold on average, in contrast to 5FU followed by WT-IMC, 5FU alone or p50-IMC alone. Slowed tumor growth was evident for 93% of PCa but only 53% of PDC tumors; we therefore focused on PCa for additional IMC analyses. In PCa, p50-IMC matured into F4/80+ macrophages, as well as CD11b+F4/80−CD11c+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). In both tumor and draining lymph nodes, p50-IMC generated more macrophages and cDCs than WT-IMC. Activated tumor CD8+ T cells were increased fivefold by p50-IMC compared with WT-IMC, and antibody-mediated CD8+ T cell depletion obviated slower tumor growth induced by 5FU followed by p50-IMC. Conclusions 5FU followed by p50-IMC slows the growth of murine prostate and pancreatic carcinoma and depends on CD8+ T cell activation. Deletion of p50 in patient-derived marrow CD34+ cells and subsequent production of IMC for adoptive transfer may contribute to the therapy of these and additional cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Barakat
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa Barberi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jaffee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan D Friedman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li Q, Wang Y. Macrophages, as a Promising Strategy to Targeted Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Metastasis in Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685978. [PMID: 34326840 PMCID: PMC8313969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer. As one of the most important immune cells, macrophages act as phagocytes, patrol the surroundings of tissues, and remove invading pathogens and cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. Significantly, macrophages have a characteristic of high plasticity and can be classified into different subtypes according to the different functions, which can undergo reciprocal phenotypic switching induced by different types of molecules and signaling pathways. Macrophages regulate the development and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer by changing the tumor immune microenvironment. In tumor tissues, the tumor-associated macrophages usually play a tumor-promoting role in the tumor immune microenvironment, and they are also associated with poor prognosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms and stimulating factors of macrophages in the process of colorectal cancer metastasis and intends to indicate that targeting macrophages may be a promising strategy in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Cui C, Barberi T, Suresh R, Friedman AD. Adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking NF-κB p50 (p50-IMC) impedes the growth of MHC-matched high-risk neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1783-1796. [PMID: 33480449 PMCID: PMC8253086 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐risk neuroblastomas harbor abundant myeloid cells that suppress antitumor immunity and support tumor growth. Macrophages lacking the inhibitory NF‐κB p50 subunit adopt a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. We now report that murine 9464D neuroblastoma cells, which express high levels of exogenous MYCN, grow slower in syngeneic p50(f/f);Lys‐Cre mice that lack p50 in macrophages and neutrophils, compared with p50(f/f) littermates. Tumors in p50(f/f);Lys‐Cre mice possess increased numbers of total and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and depletion of both of these T‐cell populations accelerates tumor growth. Anti‐PD‐1 T‐cell checkpoint blockade, or DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition, further slows tumor growth. In addition, adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking NF‐κB p50 (p50‐IMC), generated either from the bone marrow of p50−/− mice or via nucleofection of a p50 sgRNA:Cas9 complex into wild‐type hematopoietic progenitors, also slowed growth of MHC‐matched 9464D tumors but not of MHC‐mismatched Neuro2A tumors. These findings further validate the utility of targeting myeloid NF‐κB p50 as a strategy for cancer therapy and demonstrate activity of p50‐IMC generated by gene editing of syngeneic marrow cells, a cell product relevant to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Theresa Barberi
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Suresh
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan D Friedman
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Heme catabolism by tumor-associated macrophages controls metastasis formation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:595-606. [PMID: 33903766 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathological significance of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) heterogeneity is still poorly understood, TAM reprogramming is viewed as a promising anticancer therapy. Here we show that a distinct subset of TAMs (F4/80hiCD115hiC3aRhiCD88hi), endowed with high rates of heme catabolism by the stress-responsive enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), plays a critical role in shaping a prometastatic tumor microenvironment favoring immunosuppression, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This population originates from F4/80+HO-1+ bone marrow (BM) precursors, accumulates in the blood of tumor bearers and preferentially localizes at the invasive margin through a mechanism dependent on the activation of Nrf2 and coordinated by the NF-κB1-CSF1R-C3aR axis. Inhibition of F4/80+HO-1+ TAM recruitment or myeloid-specific deletion of HO-1 blocks metastasis formation and improves anticancer immunotherapy. Relative expression of HO-1 in peripheral monocyte subsets, as well as in tumor lesions, discriminates survival among metastatic melanoma patients. Overall, these results identify a distinct cancer-induced HO-1+ myeloid subgroup as a new antimetastatic target and prognostic blood marker.
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25
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Li M, Huang T, Li X, Shi Z, Sheng Y, Hu M, Song K. GDC-0575, a CHK1 Inhibitor, Impairs the Development of Colitis and Colitis-Associated Cancer by Inhibiting CCR2 + Macrophage Infiltration in Mice. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2661-2672. [PMID: 33897258 PMCID: PMC8058335 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays an important role in DNA damage response and cell cycle progression. Thus, targeting CHK1 is an efficient strategy for cancer therapy. Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of GDC-0575, a CHK1-specific inhibitor, in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and colitis. Methods We established a DSS-induced acute colitis model and an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC model using mice and tested the effect of GDC-0575 on them. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were employed to investigate the infiltration of immune cells, and inflammatory cytokine expression in the colon of mice with CAC or colitis was investigated using ELISA and qPCR. We also investigated the correlation between CHK1 and CCL2/CCR2 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Results Administration of GDC-0575 significantly inhibited CHK1 expression in the colon and dramatically impaired the development of CAC and colitis in mice. Moreover, the inhibition of CHK1 expression resulted in efficient inhibition of infiltration by iNOS-positive macrophages, but had no significant effect on CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Significant downregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and dramatic upregulation of IL-10 were observed in the colons of both mice with CAC and colitis treated with GDC-0575. CCL2 expression was also downregulated by GDC-0575 in both mice with CAC and colitis; this was followed by the inhibition of CCR2+ macrophage infiltration in the colon. Furthermore, we report a positive correlation between CHK1 expression and CCL2/CCR2 expression in the malignant tissues of patients with CRC. Conclusion Taken together, we infer that GDC-0575 impairs the development of CAC and colitis by regulating cytokine expression and inhibiting CCR2+ macrophage infiltration in mice colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mimi Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People's Republic of China
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26
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Lin T, Liang C, Peng W, Qiu Y, Peng L. Mechanisms of Core Chinese Herbs against Colorectal Cancer: A Study Based on Data Mining and Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8325076. [PMID: 33193800 PMCID: PMC7641702 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8325076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now the second most deadly cancer globally. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plays an indispensable role in CRC treatment in China. However, the core herbs (the CHs) in the treatment of CRC and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to uncovering the CHs and their mechanisms of action of CRC treatment, applying data mining and network pharmacology approach. First, CHM prescriptions treating CRC were collected from clinical studies from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and MEDLINE databases, and the CHs were identified through data mining. Then, the bioactive compounds and the corresponding putative targets of the CHs were obtained from three traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) databases. CRC related targets were acquired from three disease databases; the overlapping targets between the CHs and CRC were identified as the therapeutic targets. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanisms of the CHs on CRC. Moreover, networks were constructed to screen the major bioactive compounds and therapeutic targets. Finally, prognostic values of the major target genes were evaluated by survival analysis, and molecular docking simulation was performed to assess the binding affinity of key targets and major bioactive compounds. It came out that 10 the CHs from 113 prescriptions and 190 bioactive compounds with 118 therapeutic targets were identified. The therapeutic targets were mainly enriched in the biological progress of transcription, apoptosis, and response to cytokine. Various cancer-associated signaling pathways, including microRNAs, TNF, apoptosis, PI3K-Akt, and p53, were involved. Furthermore, 15 major bioactive compounds and five key target genes (VEGFA, CASP3, MYC, CYP1Y1, and NFKB1) with prognostic significance were identified. Additionally, most major bioactive compounds might bind firmly to the key target proteins. This study provided an overview of the anti-CRC mechanisms of the CHs, which might refer to the regulation of apoptosis, transcription, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Caijun Liang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Wenya Peng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yuqin Qiu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
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27
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The Macrophages-Microbiota Interplay in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Related Inflammation: Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186866. [PMID: 32962159 PMCID: PMC7558485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main population of myeloid cells infiltrating solid tumors and the pivotal orchestrators of cancer-promoting inflammation. However, due to their exceptional plasticity, macrophages can be also key effector cells and powerful activators of adaptive anti-tumor immunity. This functional heterogeneity is emerging in human tumors, colorectal cancer (CRC) in particular, where the dynamic co-existence of different macrophage subtypes influences tumor development, outcome, and response to therapies. Intestinal macrophages are in close interaction with enteric microbiota, which contributes to carcinogenesis and affects treatment outcomes. This interplay may be particularly relevant in CRC, one of the most prevalent and lethal cancer types in the world. Therefore, both macrophages and intestinal microbiota are considered promising prognostic indicators and valuable targets for new therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the molecular circuits underlying the interplay between macrophages and microbiota in CRC development, progression, and response to both conventional therapies and immunotherapies.
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28
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Alpha-Fetoprotein Regulates the Expression of Immune-Related Proteins through the NF- κB (P65) Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9327512. [PMID: 32774373 PMCID: PMC7407027 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9327512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, with 60% to 70% of patients developing recurrence and metastasis within five years of radical resection. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) plays a significant role in predicting the recurrence and metastasis of HCC after surgery. However, its role in modulating tumor immunity has not been investigated. Our objective was to examine the effect of AFP on the expression of B7 family and activation of the NF-κB (P65) pathway in HCC. Methods We generated human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell lines with or without recombinant AFP transfection (AFPup and control groups). Colony formation assay, Transwell invasion assay, and wound healing assay were used to detect the function of AFP. Liver cancer xenografts were made in BALB/c nude male mice (N = 6 per group). After 28 days of inoculation, the expression of immune genes in the HCC tissues, including PD-L (B7-H1), B7-H3, B7-H4, and P65, was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot. In addition, immunofluorescence was used to determine the subcellular localization of the P65 protein, a key factor in the NF-κB pathway. An online HCC patients' dataset was also used to detect the connection between AFP and P65. Results Overexpression of AFP could enhance proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells. Both qPCR and western blot results demonstrated that the expressions of PD-L1, B7-H4, and P65 were significantly higher in the AFP group compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence results indicated that the majority of the P65 protein was located in the cytoplasm in the control group but was translocated to the nucleus in the AFPup group. The Spearman correlation coefficient confirms that AFP has a positive correlation with P65 in HCC patients (R = 0.33, P=0.05). Conclusion AFP could enhance proliferation, invasion, and migration in HCC cells. The upregulation of AFP would increase the PD-L1 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein expression in HCC tissues through the upregulation and activation of the P65 protein.
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29
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Colombo G, Clemente N, Zito A, Bracci C, Colombo FS, Sangaletti S, Jachetti E, Ribaldone DG, Caviglia GP, Pastorelli L, De Andrea M, Naviglio S, Lucafò M, Stocco G, Grolla AA, Campolo M, Casili G, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Malavasi F, Genazzani AA, Porta C, Travelli C. Neutralization of extracellular NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) ameliorates experimental murine colitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:595-612. [PMID: 32338310 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) is increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and its serum levels correlate with a worse prognosis. In the present manuscript, we show that eNAMPT serum levels are increased in IBD patients that fail to respond to anti-TNFα therapy (infliximab or adalimumab) and that its levels drop in patients that are responsive to these therapies, with values comparable with healthy subjects. Furthermore, eNAMPT administration in dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-treated mice exacerbates the symptoms of colitis, suggesting a causative role of this protein in IBD. To determine the druggability of this cytokine, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody (C269) that neutralizes in vitro the cytokine-like action of eNAMPT and that reduces its serum levels in rodents. Of note, this newly generated antibody is able to significantly reduce acute and chronic colitis in both DNBS- and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Importantly, C269 ameliorates the symptoms by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, in the lamina propria, a reduced number of inflammatory monocytes, neutrophils, Th1, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are found upon C269 treatment. Our data demonstrate that eNAMPT participates in IBD and, more importantly, that eNAMPT-neutralizing antibodies are endowed with a therapeutic potential in IBD. KEY MESSAGES: What are the new findings? Higher serum eNAMPT levels in IBD patients might decrease response to anti-TNF therapy. The cytokine-like activity of eNAMPT may be neutralized with a monoclonal antibody. Neutralization of eNAMPT ameliorates acute and chronic experimental colitis. Neutralization of eNAMPT limits the expression of IBD inflammatory signature. Neutralization of eNAMPT impairs immune cell infiltration in lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Zito
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bracci
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Samuele Naviglio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ambra A Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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30
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Dariya B, Behera SK, Srivani G, Farran B, Alam A, Nagaraju GP. Computational analysis of nuclear factor-κB and resveratrol in colorectal cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2914-2922. [PMID: 32306846 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1757511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a dimeric transcription factor, is a major regulator and an important determinant of the biological characteristics of tumour cells. Some antioxidants or protease inhibitors have been found to act against NF-κB to suppress colorectal cancer (CRC). In the current investigation, a computational study was performed to investigate the molecular interaction between NF-κB and resveratrol. Molecular docking studies revealed that, resveratrol with NF-κB are predicted to be quite effective. The application of molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) tactics has considerably supported in increasing the prediction precision of the outcomes. Further, this study revealed that NF-κB could be a potential target for various anti-cancerous drugs for cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, animal investigations are necessary to confirm the efficacy and evaluate potency of target and drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Dariya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gowru Srivani
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, India
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Afroz Alam
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, India
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Porta C, Consonni FM, Morlacchi S, Sangaletti S, Bleve A, Totaro MG, Larghi P, Rimoldi M, Tripodo C, Strauss L, Banfi S, Storto M, Pressiani T, Rimassa L, Tartari S, Ippolito A, Doni A, Soldà G, Duga S, Piccolo V, Ostuni R, Natoli G, Bronte V, Balzac F, Turco E, Hirsch E, Colombo MP, Sica A. Tumor-Derived Prostaglandin E2 Promotes p50 NF-κB-Dependent Differentiation of Monocytic MDSCs. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2874-2888. [PMID: 32265223 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) include immature monocytic (M-MDSC) and granulocytic (PMN-MDSC) cells that share the ability to suppress adaptive immunity and to hinder the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. Of note, in response to IFNγ, M-MDSCs release the tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive molecule nitric oxide (NO), whereas macrophages largely express antitumor properties. Investigating these opposing activities, we found that tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces nuclear accumulation of p50 NF-κB in M-MDSCs, diverting their response to IFNγ toward NO-mediated immunosuppression and reducing TNFα expression. At the genome level, p50 NF-κB promoted binding of STAT1 to regulatory regions of selected IFNγ-dependent genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2). In agreement, ablation of p50 as well as pharmacologic inhibition of either the PGE2 receptor EP2 or NO production reprogrammed M-MDSCs toward a NOS2low/TNFαhigh phenotype, restoring the in vivo antitumor activity of IFNγ. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PGE2/p50/NO axis prevents MDSC-suppressive functions and restores the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor-derived PGE2-mediated induction of nuclear p50 NF-κB epigenetically reprograms the response of monocytic cells to IFNγ toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, thus retrieving the anticancer properties of IFNγ. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/13/2874/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD) Cso Trieste 15/A, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Sara Morlacchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | | | - Paola Larghi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Rimoldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Banfi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Storto
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ippolito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Piccolo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Fiorella Balzac
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Cheng F, Zeng C, Zeng L, Chen Y. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of preoperative plasma fibrinogen in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17310. [PMID: 31577724 PMCID: PMC6783169 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has revealed that plasma fibrinogen may serve as a prognostic indicator in multiple malignancies. However, there have been some conflicting findings on the prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen in gastric cancer (GC). We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the correlation between plasma fibrinogen and clinic outcome in GC. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Embase, the Web of Science, the Cochrane library, and PubMed databases. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to investigate the impact of elevated plasma fibrinogen on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with GC. RESULTS A total of 11 studies involving 8315 patients were selected for this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that elevated plasma fibrinogen in GC patients was related to worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36-1.81, P < .001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.19-5.41, P = .016). Additionally, a high level of fibrinogen was closely correlated with advanced tumor stage (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.83-2.50, P < .001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.56-2.11, P < .001), distant metastasis (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.94, P = .005), deeper tumor invasion (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.47-3.45, P < .001) and high carcinoembryonic antigen (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.18-1.68, P < .001). However, there was no significant association between plasma fibrinogen and the differentiation grade (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.86-1.17, P = .967). The Egger regression test indicated evidence of publication bias for OS. CONCLUSION Elevated plasma fibrinogen could be a potential predictor for worse OS and RFS in GC patients and a significant risk factor associated with aggressive clinical features.
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Borroni EM, Qehajaj D, Farina FM, Yiu D, Bresalier RS, Chiriva-Internati M, Mirandola L, Štifter S, Laghi L, Grizzi F. Fusobacterium nucleatum and the Immune System in Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-019-00442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Espinoza-Sánchez NA, Győrffy B, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Götte M. Differential impact of classical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway-related gene expression on the survival of breast cancer patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:5191-5211. [PMID: 31602271 PMCID: PMC6775609 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-known driver of carcinogenesis and cancer progression, often attributed to the tumor microenvironment. However, tumor cells themselves are capable of secreting a variety of inflammatory molecules, leading to the activation of specific signaling pathways that promote tumor progression. The NF-κB signaling pathway is one of the most important connections between inflammation and tumorigenesis. NF-κB is a superfamily of transcription factors that plays an important role in several types of hematological and solid tumors, including breast cancer. However, the role of the NF-κB pathway in the survival of breast cancer patients is poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed and related the expression of both canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways and selected target genes with the relapse-free and overall survival of breast cancer patients. We used the public database Kaplan-Meier plotter (KMplot) which includes gene expression data and survival information of 3951 breast cancer patients. We found that the expression of IKKα was associated with poor relapse-free survival in patients with ER-positive tumors. Moreover, the expression of IL-8 and MMP-1 was associated with poor relapse-free and overall survival. In contrast, expression of IKKβ, p50, and p65 from the canonical pathway, and NIK and RELB from the alternative pathway correlated with better relapse-free survival also when the patients were classified by their hormonal and nodal status. Our study suggests that the expression of genes of the canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways is ultimately critical for tumor persistence. Understanding the communication between both pathways would help to find better therapeutic and prophylactic targets to prevent breast cancer progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Sangaletti S, Talarico G, Chiodoni C, Cappetti B, Botti L, Portararo P, Gulino A, Consonni FM, Sica A, Randon G, Di Nicola M, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. SPARC Is a New Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Marker Licensing Suppressive Activities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1369. [PMID: 31281314 PMCID: PMC6596449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are well-known key negative regulators of the immune response during tumor growth, however scattered is the knowledge of their capacity to influence and adapt to the different tumor microenvironments and of the markers that identify those capacities. Here we show that the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) identifies in both human and mouse MDSC with immune suppressive capacity and pro-tumoral activities including the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. In mice the genetic deletion of SPARC reduced MDSC immune suppression and reverted EMT. Sparc−/− MDSC were less suppressive overall and the granulocytic fraction was more prone to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Surprisingly, arginase-I and NOS2, whose expression can be controlled by STAT3, were not down-regulated in Sparc−/− MDSC, although less suppressive than wild type (WT) counterpart. Flow cytometry analysis showed equal phosphorylation of STAT3 but reduced ROS production that was associated with reduced nuclear translocation of the NF-kB p50 subunit in Sparc−/− than WT MDSC. The limited p50 in nuclei reduce the formation of the immunosuppressive p50:p50 homodimers in favor of the p65:p50 inflammatory heterodimers. Supporting this hypothesis, the production of TNF by Sparc−/− MDSC was significantly higher than by WT MDSC. Although associated with tumor-induced chronic inflammation, TNF, if produced at high doses, becomes a key factor in mediating tumor rejection. Therefore, it is foreseeable that an unbalance in TNF production could skew MDSC toward an inflammatory, anti-tumor phenotype. Notably, TNF is also required for inflammation-driven NETosis. The high level of TNF in Sparc−/− MDSC might explain their increased spontaneous NET formation as that we detected both in vitro and in vivo, in association with signs of endothelial damage. We propose SPARC as a new potential marker of MDSC, in both human and mouse, with the additional feature of controlling MDSC suppressive activity while preventing an excessive inflammatory state through the control of NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cappetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Portararo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Nicola
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Jayakumar A, Bothwell ALM. RIPK3-Induced Inflammation by I-MDSCs Promotes Intestinal Tumors. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1587-1599. [PMID: 30786994 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) promote colorectal cancer by several mechanisms, including suppression of antitumor T cells and production of tumorigenic factors. We previously showed that an intermediate MDSC subset (I-MDSC) is expanded in an intestinal tumor model (ApcMin/+ mice), but the importance of this subset in promoting tumors is unclear. Here, we show that I-MDSCs are a distinct heterogeneous subset due to differential and reduced expression of the monocytic marker, Ly6C, and granulocytic marker, Ly6G. Besides causing necroptotic cell death, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) has an alternate function as a signaling component inducing cytokine synthesis. We evaluated whether RIPK3 regulates inflammatory cytokines in I-MDSCs to assess the nonimmunosuppressive function of I-MDSCs in promoting tumors. Inhibition of RIPK3 with the commercially available small-molecule inhibitor GSK 872 showed that RIPK3-mediated inflammation promoted intestinal tumors in two intestinal tumor models, ApcMin/+ mice and an MC38 transplantable tumor model. Mechanistically, RIPK3 signaling in I-MDSC increased tumor size by expanding IL17-producing T cells in MC38 tumors. Collectively, these data suggest RIPK3 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The specific role of RIPK3 in intestinal tumors and MDSC function sheds light on a key inflammatory mechanism driving tumorigenesis and allows for possible therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jayakumar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Zhou X, Shan Z, Yang H, Xu J, Li W, Guo F. RelB plays an oncogenic role and conveys chemo-resistance to DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:181. [PMID: 30473630 PMCID: PMC6234565 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunits exhibit crucial roles in tumorigenesis and chemo-sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that RelB, the key subunit of the alternative NF-κB pathway, plays a critical role in the progression of diverse human malignancies. However, the significance of RelB in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we systematically explored the functions of the alternative NF-κB subunit RelB in colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods Stably transfected RelB-shRNA DLD-1 cells were established using Lipofectamine 2000. NF-κB DNA-binding capability was quantified using an ELISA-based NF-κB activity assay. Cell growth was monitored by an x-Celligence system. Cell proliferation was analyzed by a CCK-8 and a Brdu proliferation assay. Response to 5-FU was assessed by an x-Celligence system. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry analyses. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by an x-Celligence system, Transwell inserts, and wound-healing assays. RelB expression and its clinical significance were analyzed using the CRC tissue microarray. The expression of NF-κB signaling subunits, AKT/mTOR signaling molecules, cell cycle related proteins, MMP2, MMP9, and Integrin β-1 were measured by Western blotting analyses. Results The RelB-silencing inhibited cell growth of DLD-1 cells. The RelB-silencing exerted the anti-proliferative by downregulation of AKT/mTOR signaling. The RelB-silencing caused G0–G1 cell cycle arrested likely due to decreasing the expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, concomitant with increased expression of p27Kip1. The RelB-silencing enhanced cytotoxic effect of 5-FU and induced cell accumulation in S-phase. The RelB-silencing impaired the migration and invasion potential of DLD-1 cells, which was related to downregulation of MMP2, MMP9, and Integrin β-1. Importantly, the RelB expression was correlated with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, metastasis stage, and pTNM stage. High-RelB expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in CRC patients. Conclusion Our studies here provided evidence that RelB plays an oncogenic role and conveys chemo-resistance to 5-FU. RelB can be considered as an independent indicator of prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zhili Shan
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Hengying Yang
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Wenjing Li
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Feng Guo
- 4Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Baita West Road 16, Suzhou, 215001 China
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Jiang L, Qian J, Yang Y, Fan Y. Knockdown of MON1B Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects in Colon Cancer In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7710-7718. [PMID: 30368516 PMCID: PMC6216441 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. We performed the present study to determine the molecular mechanism of MON1B in colon cancer cells. Material/Methods Colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 34 colon cancer patients. MON1B-silenced LoVo colon cancer cells were constructed. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of colon cancer tissues and cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to detect viability, migration, and invasion, respectively, of colon cancer cells. Results The mRNA and protein levels of MON1B were higher in colon cancer tissues and human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480, COLO205, LoVo). Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were all inhibited when MON1B was silenced in LoVo colon cancer cells. Both the mRNA and protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and iκB were increased, while that of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, metastasis-associated genes (MTA)-1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and chemokine receptor type (CXCR)-4 was decreased when MON1B was silenced. Conclusions MON1B interference exerted anti-tumor effect in colon cancer in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yongbo Yang
- Radiological Department, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yongtian Fan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Le F, Zhang JY, Liu W, Huang XM, Luo WZ. The levels of NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 play a role in thyroid carcinoma malignancy in vivo. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:4092-4099. [PMID: 30014762 PMCID: PMC6166346 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518785846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the relationship between the levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 and tumour characteristics in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Methods This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients with thyroid carcinoma. Tumour samples were collected and the levels of NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 protein and mRNA were measured using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 73 patients with thyroid carcinoma were included in the study (20 males; 53 females; mean ± SD age, 44.8 ± 12.7 years, range, 18-76 years). There were no significant differences in sex, age and pathological type between the NF-κB p50 positive group and the NF-κB p50 negative group, but tumour diameter and lymph node metastasis were significantly higher in the NF-κB p50 positive group compared with the NF-κB p50 negative group. Similar findings were observed for NF-κB p65. The levels of NF-κB p50 were positively correlated with NF-κB p65 in samples of thyroid carcinoma ( rs = 0.653). Conclusion The levels of NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 in samples of thyroid carcinoma were positively associated with tumour diameter and the presence of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Le
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital,
Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Reproduction and Fertility, Jiangxi Maternal &
Child Health Care Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xian-Ming Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital,
Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital,
Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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40
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Concetti J, Wilson CL. NFKB1 and Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cells 2018; 7:cells7090133. [PMID: 30205516 PMCID: PMC6162711 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence strongly suggests that aberrant activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway is associated with carcinogenesis. A number of key cellular processes are governed by the effectors of this pathway, including immune responses and apoptosis, both crucial in the development of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that dysregulated and chronic NF-κB signalling can have a profound impact on cellular homeostasis. Here we discuss NFKB1 (p105/p50), one of the five subunits of NF-κB, widely implicated in carcinogenesis, in some cases driving cancer progression and in others acting as a tumour-suppressor. The complexity of the role of this subunit lies in the multiple dimeric combination possibilities as well as the different interacting co-factors, which dictate whether gene transcription is activated or repressed, in a cell and organ-specific manner. This review highlights the multiple roles of NFKB1 in the development and progression of different cancers, and the considerations to make when attempting to manipulate NF-κB as a potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Concetti
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Caroline L Wilson
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
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