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Piovesan D, de Groot AE, Cho S, Anderson AE, Ray RD, Patnaik A, Foster PG, Mitchell CG, Lopez Espinoza AY, Zhu WS, Stagnaro CE, Singh H, Zhao X, Seitz L, Walker NP, Walters MJ, Sivick KE. Fc-Silent Anti-TIGIT Antibodies Potentiate Antitumor Immunity without Depleting Regulatory T Cells. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1978-1995. [PMID: 38635895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor on immune cells that outcompetes an activating receptor, CD226, for shared ligands. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes express TIGIT and CD226 on regulatory T cells (Treg) and on CD8+ T cells with tumor-reactive or exhausted phenotypes, supporting the potential of therapeutically targeting TIGIT to enhance antitumor immunity. To optimize the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies against TIGIT, it is necessary to understand IgG Fc (Fcγ) receptor binding for therapeutic benefit. In this study, we showed that combining Fc-enabled (Fce) or Fc-silent (Fcs) anti-TIGIT with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 in mice resulted in enhanced control of tumors by differential mechanisms: Fce anti-TIGIT promoted the depletion of intratumoral Treg, whereas Fcs anti-TIGIT did not. Despite leaving Treg numbers intact, Fcs anti-TIGIT potentiated the activation of tumor-specific exhausted CD8+ populations in a lymph node-dependent manner. Fce anti-TIGIT induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human Treg in vitro, and significant decreases in Treg were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with phase I solid tumor cancer treated with Fce anti-TIGIT. In contrast, Fcs anti-TIGIT did not deplete human Treg in vitro and was associated with anecdotal objective clinical responses in two patients with phase I solid tumor cancer whose peripheral Treg frequencies remained stable on treatment. Collectively, these data provide evidence for pharmacologic activity and antitumor efficacy of anti-TIGIT antibodies lacking the ability to engage Fcγ receptor. SIGNIFICANCE Fcs-silent anti-TIGIT antibodies enhance the activation of tumor-specific pre-exhausted T cells and promote antitumor efficacy without depleting T regulatory cells.
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Vázquez-Reyes A, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Agraz-Cibrián JM, Ayón-Pérez MF, Gutiérrez-Silerio GY, Del Toro-Arreola S, Alejandre-González AG, Ortiz-Martínez L, Haramati J, Tovar-Ocampo IC, Victorio-De los Santos M, Gutiérrez-Franco J. Genetic Variant of DNAM-1 rs763361 C>T Is Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Mexican Population. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2819-2826. [PMID: 38666906 PMCID: PMC11048971 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DNAM-1 (CD226) is an activating receptor expressed in CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and monocytes. It has been reported that two SNPs in the DNAM-1 gene, rs763361 C>T and rs727088 G>A, have been associated with different autoimmune diseases; however, the role of DNAM-1 in ankylosing spondylitis has been less studied. For this reason, we focused on the study of these two SNPs in association with ankylosing spondylitis. For this, 34 patients and 70 controls were analyzed using endpoint PCR with allele-specific primers. Our results suggest that rs763361 C>T is involved as a possible protective factor under the CT co-dominant model (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13-0.88, p = 0.022) and the CT + TT dominant model (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17-0.90, p = 0.025), while rs727088 G>A did not show an association with the disease in any of the inheritance models. When analyzing the relationships of the haplotypes, we found that the T + A haplotype (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13-0.73, p = 0.0083) is a protective factor for developing the disease. In conclusion, the CT and CT + TT variants of rs763361 C>T and the T + A haplotype were considered as protective factors for developing ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vázquez-Reyes
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas (UACQByF), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.V.-R.)
| | - José Francisco Zambrano-Zaragoza
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas (UACQByF), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.V.-R.)
| | - Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas (UACQByF), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.V.-R.)
| | - Miriam Fabiola Ayón-Pérez
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas (UACQByF), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.V.-R.)
| | - Gloria Yareli Gutiérrez-Silerio
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Faculta de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76140, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Susana Del Toro-Arreola
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alan Guillermo Alejandre-González
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Ortiz-Martínez
- Clínica de Reumatología, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Jesse Haramati
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Iris Celeste Tovar-Ocampo
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas (UACQByF), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.V.-R.)
| | - Marcelo Victorio-De los Santos
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas (UACQByF), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.V.-R.)
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Franco
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas (UACQByF), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.V.-R.)
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Trivedi P, Jhala G, De George DJ, Chiu C, Selck C, Ge T, Catterall T, Elkerbout L, Boon L, Joller N, Kay TW, Thomas HE, Krishnamurthy B. TIGIT acts as an immune checkpoint upon inhibition of PD1 signaling in autoimmune diabetes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370907. [PMID: 38533515 PMCID: PMC10964479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic activation of self-reactive T cells with beta cell antigens results in the upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules that keep self-reactive T cells under control and delay beta cell destruction in autoimmune diabetes. Inhibiting PD1/PD-L1 signaling results in autoimmune diabetes in mice and humans with pre-existing autoimmunity against beta cells. However, it is not known if other immune checkpoint molecules, such as TIGIT, can also negatively regulate self-reactive T cells. TIGIT negatively regulates the CD226 costimulatory pathway, T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, and hence T-cell function. Methods The phenotype and function of TIGIT expressing islet infiltrating T cells was studied in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice using flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing. To determine if TIGIT restrains self-reactive T cells, we used a TIGIT blocking antibody alone or in combination with anti-PDL1 antibody. Results We show that TIGIT is highly expressed on activated islet infiltrating T cells in NOD mice. We identified a subset of stem-like memory CD8+ T cells expressing multiple immune checkpoints including TIGIT, PD1 and the transcription factor EOMES, which is linked to dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. A known ligand for TIGIT, CD155 was expressed on beta cells and islet infiltrating dendritic cells. However, despite TIGIT and its ligand being expressed, islet infiltrating PD1+TIGIT+CD8+ T cells were functional. Inhibiting TIGIT in NOD mice did not result in exacerbated autoimmune diabetes while inhibiting PD1-PDL1 resulted in rapid autoimmune diabetes, indicating that TIGIT does not restrain islet infiltrating T cells in autoimmune diabetes to the same degree as PD1. Partial inhibition of PD1-PDL1 in combination with TIGIT inhibition resulted in rapid diabetes in NOD mice. Discussion These results suggest that TIGIT and PD1 act in synergy as immune checkpoints when PD1 signaling is partially impaired. Beta cell specific stem-like memory T cells retain their functionality despite expressing multiple immune checkpoints and TIGIT is below PD1 in the hierarchy of immune checkpoints in autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerak Trivedi
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaurang Jhala
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - David J De George
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Chiu
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Selck
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Ge
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Catterall
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorraine Elkerbout
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Joller
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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Zhang P, Liu X, Gu Z, Jiang Z, Zhao S, Song Y, Yu J. Targeting TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy: recent advances and future directions. Biomark Res 2024; 12:7. [PMID: 38229100 PMCID: PMC10790541 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As a newly identified checkpoint, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) is highly expressed on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). TIGIT has been associated with NK cell exhaustion in vivo and in individuals with various cancers. It not only modulates NK cell survival but also mediates T cell exhaustion. As the primary ligand of TIGIT in humans, CD155 may be the main target for immunotherapy due to its interaction with TIGIT. It has been found that the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment response in cancer immunotherapy is correlated with CD155 but not TIGIT. Anti-TIGIT alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 agents have been tested for cancer immunotherapy. Although two clinical studies on advanced lung cancer had positive results, the TIGIT-targeted antibody, tiragolumab, recently failed in two new trials. In this review, we highlight the current developments on TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy and discuss the characteristics and functions of TIGIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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Ma P, Sun W. Integrated single-cell and bulk sequencing analyses with experimental validation identify the prognostic and immunological implications of CD226 in pan-cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14597-14617. [PMID: 37580402 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD226 (DNAM-1) is an activating receptor mainly expressed in CD8 + and NK cells. CD226 deficiency and blockade have been shown to impair tumor suppression, while enhanced CD226 expression positively correlated with the increased efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. However, the detailed function and role of CD226 in pan-cancer are largely unknown and require further in-depth investigation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the biological functions of CD226, its role in tumor immunity, and its potential to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in pan-cancer. METHODS By taking advantage of single-cell and bulk sequencing analyses, we analyzed the expression profile of CD226, its correlation with patient prognosis, immune infiltration level, immune-related genes, tumor heterogeneity, and stemness in pan-cancer. We also investigated the biological functions of CD226 using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and evaluated its predictive value in response to immunotherapy and small-molecule targeted drugs. In addition, we validated the expression of CD226 in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + and NK cells and studied its association with their functions using a murine B16F10 melanoma model. RESULTS CD226 exhibited differential expression across most tumor types, and its elevated expression was associated with improved clinical outcomes in multiple cancer types. CD226 is closely correlated with numerous tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor stemness, and heterogeneity in most cancers. Furthermore, based on single-cell sequencing analysis, CD226 expression was found to be higher on effector CD4 + T cells than naïve CD4 + T cells, and its expression level was decreased in exhausted CD8 + T cells relative to effector CD8 + T cells in multiple cancer types. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that CD226 was highly correlated with the function of tumor-infiltrating NK and CD8 + T cells in murine B16F10 melanoma. Moreover, GSEA analysis revealed that CD226 was closely associated with T cell activation, natural killer cell mediated immunity, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Finally, CD226 showed promising predictive potential for responsiveness to both ICB therapies and various small-molecule targeted drugs. CONCLUSION CD226 has shown great potential as an innovative biomarker for predicting patient prognosis, immune infiltration levels, and the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, as well as immunotherapy response. Additionally, our findings suggest that the optimal modification of CD226 expression and function, combined with current ICBs, could be a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Sun
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Ave W, Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
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Paolini R, Molfetta R. Dysregulation of DNAM-1-Mediated NK Cell Anti-Cancer Responses in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4616. [PMID: 37760586 PMCID: PMC10527063 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells play a pivotal role in anti-cancer immune responses, thanks to the expression of a wide array of inhibitory and activating receptors that regulate their cytotoxicity against transformed cells while preserving healthy cells from lysis. However, NK cells exhibit severe dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment, mainly due to the reduction of activating receptors and the induction or increased expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors. An activating receptor that plays a central role in tumor recognition is the DNAM-1 receptor. It recognizes PVR and Nectin2 adhesion molecules, which are frequently overexpressed on the surface of cancerous cells. These ligands are also able to trigger inhibitory signals via immune checkpoint receptors that are upregulated in the tumor microenvironment and can counteract DNAM-1 activation. Among them, TIGIT has recently gained significant attention, since its targeting results in improved anti-tumor immune responses. This review aims to summarize how the recognition of PVR and Nectin2 by paired co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors regulates NK cell-mediated clearance of transformed cells. Therapeutic approaches with the potential to reverse DNAM-1 dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Aquino A, Bianchi N, Terrazzan A, Franzese O. Protein Kinase C at the Crossroad of Mutations, Cancer, Targeted Therapy and Immune Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1047. [PMID: 37626933 PMCID: PMC10451643 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The frequent PKC dysregulations observed in many tumors have made these enzymes natural targets for anticancer applications. Nevertheless, this considerable interest in the development of PKC modulators has not led to the expected therapeutic benefits, likely due to the complex biological activities regulated by PKC isoenzymes, often playing ambiguous and protective functions, further driven by the occurrence of mutations. The structure, regulation and functions of PKCs have been extensively covered in other publications. Herein, we focused on PKC alterations mostly associated with complete functional loss. We also addressed the modest yet encouraging results obtained targeting PKC in selected malignancies and the more frequent negative clinical outcomes. The reported observations advocate the need for more selective molecules and a better understanding of the involved pathways. Furthermore, we underlined the most relevant immune mechanisms controlled by PKC isoforms potentially impacting the immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade-mediated immune recovery. We believe that a comprehensive examination of the molecular features of the tumor microenvironment might improve clinical outcomes by tailoring PKC modulation. This approach can be further supported by the identification of potential response biomarkers, which may indicate patients who may benefit from the manipulation of distinctive PKC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Aquino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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8
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Yang R, Huang S, Huang C, Fay NS, Wang Y, Putrevu S, Wright K, Zaman MS, Cai W, Huang B, Wang B, Wright M, Hoag MR, Titong A, Liu Y. Fc-competent multispecific PDL-1/TIGIT/LAG-3 antibodies potentiate superior anti-tumor T cell response. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9865. [PMID: 37332070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of current cancer immunotherapy is dominated by antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 that have transformed cancer therapy, yet their efficacy is limited by primary and acquired resistance. The blockade of additional immune checkpoints, especially TIGIT and LAG-3, has been extensively explored, but so far only a LAG-3 antibody has been approved for combination with nivolumab to treat unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Here we report the development of a PDL1 × TIGIT bi-specific antibody (bsAb) GB265, a PDL1 × LAG3 bsAb GB266, and a PDL1 × TIGIT × LAG3 tri-specific antibody (tsAb) GB266T, all with intact Fc function. In in vitro cell-based assays, these antibodies promote greater T cell expansion and tumor cell killing than benchmark antibodies and antibody combinations in an Fc-dependent manner, likely by facilitating T cell interactions (bridging) with cancer cells and monocytes, in addition to blocking immune checkpoints. In animal models, GB265 and GB266T antibodies outperformed benchmarks in tumor suppression. This study demonstrates the potential of a new generation of multispecific checkpoint inhibitors to overcome resistance to current monospecific checkpoint antibodies or their combinations for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyao Yang
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Su Huang
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Cai Huang
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Nathan S Fay
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Saroja Putrevu
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Kimberly Wright
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Mohd Saif Zaman
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Wenyan Cai
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Betty Huang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Meredith Wright
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Matthew R Hoag
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Allison Titong
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
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9
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Patel AJ, Middleton GW. TIGIT-based immunotherapeutics in lung cancer. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2023; 3:ltad009. [PMID: 37325585 PMCID: PMC10266577 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the biology of the TIGIT checkpoint and its potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer. We briefly review a highly selected set of clinical trials that have reported or are currently recruiting in non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, a disease transformed by the advent of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. We explore the murine data underlying TIGIT blockade and further explore the reliance of effective anti-TIGIT therapy on DNAM-1(CD226)-positive activated effector CD8+ T cells. The synergism with anti-PD-1 therapy is also explored. Future directions in the realm of overcoming resistance to checkpoint blockade and extending the repertoire of other checkpoints are also briefly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay J Patel
- Correspondence: Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Gary W Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Viot J, Abdeljaoued S, Vienot A, Seffar E, Spehner L, Bouard A, Asgarov K, Pallandre JR, Renaude E, Klajer E, Molimard C, Monnien F, Bibeau F, Turco C, Heyd B, Peixoto P, Hervouet E, Loyon R, Doussot A, Borg C, Kroemer M. CD8 + CD226 high T cells in liver metastases dictate the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:365-378. [PMID: 36717657 PMCID: PMC10066387 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD226 has been reported to participate in the rescue of CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of CD226 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery. TILs from 43 metastases were isolated and analyzed ex vivo using flow cytometry. CD155 and CD3 levels in the tumor microenvironment were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Exploration and validation of biological processes highlighted in this study were performed by bioinformatics analysis of bulk RNA-seq results for 28 CRC liver metastases pretreated with chemotherapy as well as public gene expression datasets. CD226 expression contributes to the definition of the immune context in CRC liver metastases and primary tumors. CD226 on CD8+ T cells was not specifically coexpressed with other immune checkpoints, such as PD1, TIGIT, and TIM3, in liver metastases. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed CD226 expression on CD8+ T cells to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.003), along with CD3 density at invasion margins (p = 0.003) and TIGIT expression on CD4+ T cells (p = 0.019). CD155 was not associated with the prognostic value of CD226. Gene expression analysis in a validation dataset confirmed the prognostic value of CD226 in CRC liver metastases but not in primary tumors. Downregulation of CD226 on CD8+ TILs in the liver microenvironment was restored by IL15 treatment. Overall, CD226 expression on liver metastasis-infiltrating CD8+ T cells selectively contributes to immune surveillance of CRC liver metastases and has prognostic value for patients undergoing radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Viot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biotechnology and Immuno-Oncology Platform, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.
| | - Syrine Abdeljaoued
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Angélique Vienot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biotechnology and Immuno-Oncology Platform, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Evan Seffar
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Laurie Spehner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biotechnology and Immuno-Oncology Platform, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Bouard
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Kamal Asgarov
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-René Pallandre
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Renaude
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Klajer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biotechnology and Immuno-Oncology Platform, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Chloé Molimard
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Monnien
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Frederic Bibeau
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Celia Turco
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Heyd
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Paul Peixoto
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- EPIGENEXP platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Eric Hervouet
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- EPIGENEXP platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Loyon
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Doussot
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biotechnology and Immuno-Oncology Platform, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Kroemer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biotechnology and Immuno-Oncology Platform, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, University of Franche-Comté, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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11
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Huang H, Huang Z, Ge J, Yang J, Chen J, Xu B, Wu S, Zheng X, Chen L, Zhang X, Jiang J. CD226 identifies functional CD8+T cells in the tumor microenvironment and predicts a better outcome for human gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150803. [PMID: 37056782 PMCID: PMC10086426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that CD226 serves as a critical activating receptor on various immune cells, such as lymphocytes and monocytes, and it is suggested to promote anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we showed a crucial regulatory role of CD226 in CD8+T cell-mediated anti-tumor response in TME of human gastric cancer (GC). Specifically, the increased CD226 expression in cancer tissues was significantly associated with better clinical outcomes in GC patients. Moreover, the increased infiltrating CD226+CD8+T cells and the increased ratio of infiltrating CD226+CD8+T cells in CD8+T subpopulation within cancer tissues could also be valuable prognostic predictors for GC patients. Mechanically, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis revealed that the chromatin accessibility of CD226 in CD4+ and CD8+TILs was significantly higher than that in CD8+T cells in normal tissues. Further analysis showed that CD8+TILs highly expressed immune checkpoint molecules, such as TIGIT, LAG3, and HAVCR2, which means CD8+TILs are more exhausted. In addition, our multi-color immunohistochemical staining (mIHC) revealed that GC patients with higher frequency of IFN-γ+CD226+CD8+TILs showed poorer prognosis. Combined with the single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis, we found that the expressions of IFN-γ and TIGIT in CD8+TILs were significantly and positively correlated. The expression of TIGIT in IFN-γ+CD226+CD8+TILs was higher, while that in IFN-γ-CD226+CD8+TILs was significantly lower. The correlation analysis showed that the expression of CD226 was positively correlated with the score of effector T cells but negatively correlated with that of immunosuppressive factors, such as Tregs and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Collectively, we showed that the frequency of CD226+CD8+TILs was an excellent prognostic predictor for GC patients. Our findings provided insights into the interaction pattern between co-stimulatory receptor CD226 and tumor cells as well as the infiltrating immune cells in the TME in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoxian Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Lujun Chen, ; Xueguang Zhang, ; Jingting Jiang,
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Lujun Chen, ; Xueguang Zhang, ; Jingting Jiang,
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Lujun Chen, ; Xueguang Zhang, ; Jingting Jiang,
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12
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Rousseau A, Parisi C, Barlesi F. Anti-TIGIT therapies for solid tumors: a systematic review. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101184. [PMID: 36933320 PMCID: PMC10030909 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1[PD-(L)1], cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) inhibitors are recent breakthroughs in cancer treatment, however not all patients benefit from it. Thus new therapies are under investigation, such as anti-TIGIT [anti-T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains] antibodies. TIGIT is an immune checkpoint inhibiting lymphocyte T cells by several mechanisms. In vitro models showed its inhibition could restore antitumor response. Furthermore, its association with anti-PD-(L)1 therapies could synergistically improve survival. We carried out a review of the clinical trial about TIGIT referenced in the PubMed database, finding three published clinical trials on anti-TIGIT therapies. Vibostolimab was evaluated in a phase I alone or in combination with pembrolizumab. The combination had an objective response rate of 26% in patients with a non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) naïve of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1). Etigilimab was tested in a phase I alone or in combination with nivolumab, but the study was stopped due to business reasons. In the phase II CITYSCAPE trial, tiragolumab demonstrated higher objective response rate and progression-free survival in combination with atezolizumab than atezolizumab alone in advanced PD-L1-high NSCLC. The ClinicalTrials.gov database references 70 trials of anti-TIGIT in patients with cancer, 47 of them with ongoing recruitment. Only seven were phase III, including five about patients with NSCLC, mostly with combination therapy. Data from phase I-II trials highlighted that targeting TIGIT represents a safe therapeutic approach, with an acceptable toxicity profile maintained when adding anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies. Frequent adverse events were pruritus, rash, and fatigue. Grade 3-4 adverse events were reported in nearly one in three patients. Anti-TIGIT antibodies are under development as a novel immunotherapy approach. A promising research area includes the combination with anti-PD-1 therapies in advanced NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rousseau
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Parisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - F Barlesi
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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13
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Minnie SA, Waltner OG, Ensbey KS, Olver SD, Collinge AD, Sester DP, Schmidt CR, Legg SR, Takahashi S, Nemychenkov NS, Sekiguchi T, Driessens G, Zhang P, Koyama M, Spencer A, Holmberg LA, Furlan SN, Varelias A, Hill GR. TIGIT inhibition and lenalidomide synergistically promote antimyeloma immune responses after stem cell transplantation in mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e157907. [PMID: 36512425 PMCID: PMC9927935 DOI: 10.1172/jci157907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) with subsequent lenalidomide maintenance is standard consolidation therapy for multiple myeloma, and a subset of patients achieve durable progression-free survival that is suggestive of long-term immune control. Nonetheless, most patients ultimately relapse, suggesting immune escape. TIGIT appears to be a potent inhibitor of myeloma-specific immunity and represents a promising new checkpoint target. Here we demonstrate high expression of TIGIT on activated CD8+ T cells in mobilized peripheral blood stem cell grafts from patients with myeloma. To guide clinical application of TIGIT inhibition, we evaluated identical anti-TIGIT antibodies that do or do not engage FcγR and demonstrated that anti-TIGIT activity is dependent on FcγR binding. We subsequently used CRBN mice to investigate the efficacy of anti-TIGIT in combination with lenalidomide maintenance after transplantation. Notably, the combination of anti-TIGIT with lenalidomide provided synergistic, CD8+ T cell-dependent, antimyeloma efficacy. Analysis of bone marrow (BM) CD8+ T cells demonstrated that combination therapy suppressed T cell exhaustion, enhanced effector function, and expanded central memory subsets. Importantly, these immune phenotypes were specific to the BM tumor microenvironment. Collectively, these data provide a logical rationale for combining TIGIT inhibition with immunomodulatory drugs to prevent myeloma progression after ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A. Minnie
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olivia G. Waltner
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen S. Ensbey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart D. Olver
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alika D. Collinge
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P. Sester
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Hugh Green Cytometry Centre, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Christine R. Schmidt
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel R.W. Legg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shuichiro Takahashi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Tomoko Sekiguchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Ping Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Australian Center for Blood Diseases, Monash University and
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leona A. Holmberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology and
| | - Scott N. Furlan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology and
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14
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Milito ND, Zingoni A, Stabile H, Soriani A, Capuano C, Cippitelli M, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Paolini R, Molfetta R. NKG2D engagement on human NK cells leads to DNAM-1 hypo-responsiveness through different converging mechanisms. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250198. [PMID: 36440686 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell activation is regulated by activating and inhibitory receptors that facilitate diseased cell recognition. Among activating receptors, NKG2D and DNAM-1 play a pivotal role in anticancer immune responses since they bind ligands upregulated on transformed cells. During tumor progression, however, these receptors are frequently downmodulated and rendered functionally inactive. Of note, NKG2D internalization has been associated with the acquisition of a dysfunctional phenotype characterized by the cross-tolerization of unrelated activating receptors. However, our knowledge of the consequences of NKG2D engagement is still incomplete. Here, by cytotoxicity assays combined with confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that NKG2D engagement on human NK cells impairs DNAM-1-mediated killing through two different converging mechanisms: by the upregulation of the checkpoint inhibitory receptor TIGIT, that in turn suppresses DNAM-1-mediated cytotoxic function, and by direct inhibition of DNAM-1-promoted signaling. Our results highlight a novel interplay between NKG2D and DNAM-1/TIGIT receptors that may facilitate neoplastic cell evasion from NK cell-mediated clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia D Milito
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Briukhovetska D, Suarez-Gosalvez J, Voigt C, Markota A, Giannou AD, Schübel M, Jobst J, Zhang T, Dörr J, Märkl F, Majed L, Müller PJ, May P, Gottschlich A, Tokarew N, Lücke J, Oner A, Schwerdtfeger M, Andreu-Sanz D, Grünmeier R, Seifert M, Michaelides S, Hristov M, König LM, Cadilha BL, Mikhaylov O, Anders HJ, Rothenfusser S, Flavell RA, Cerezo-Wallis D, Tejedo C, Soengas MS, Bald T, Huber S, Endres S, Kobold S. T cell-derived interleukin-22 drives the expression of CD155 by cancer cells to suppress NK cell function and promote metastasis. Immunity 2023; 56:143-161.e11. [PMID: 36630913 PMCID: PMC9839367 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although T cells can exert potent anti-tumor immunity, a subset of T helper (Th) cells producing interleukin-22 (IL-22) in breast and lung tumors is linked to dismal patient outcome. Here, we examined the mechanisms whereby these T cells contribute to disease. In murine models of lung and breast cancer, constitutional and T cell-specific deletion of Il22 reduced metastases without affecting primary tumor growth. Deletion of the IL-22 receptor on cancer cells decreases metastasis to a degree similar to that seen in IL-22-deficient mice. IL-22 induced high expression of CD155, which bound to the activating receptor CD226 on NK cells. Excessive activation led to decreased amounts of CD226 and functionally impaired NK cells, which elevated the metastatic burden. IL-22 signaling was also associated with CD155 expression in human datasets and with poor patient outcomes. Taken together, our findings reveal an immunosuppressive circuit activated by T cell-derived IL-22 that promotes lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Suarez-Gosalvez
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Voigt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Anamarija Markota
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Anastasios D. Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Schübel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Jobst
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Dörr
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Märkl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Majed
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Jie Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter May
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Gottschlich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Tokarew
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arman Oner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - David Andreu-Sanz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Grünmeier
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Seifert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanos Michaelides
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hristov
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars M. König
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Loureiro Cadilha
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniela Cerezo-Wallis
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejedo
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María S. Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tobias Bald
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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16
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Wan S, Zhao E, Weissinger D, Krantz BA, Werba G, Freeman D, Khanna LG, Siolas D, Oberstein PE, Chattopadhyay PK, Simeone DM, Welling TH. Tumor infiltrating T cell states and checkpoint inhibitor expression in hepatic and pancreatic malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1067352. [PMID: 36798126 PMCID: PMC9927010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1067352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) malignancies are difficult-to-treat and continue to to have a high mortality and significant therapeutic resistance to standard therapies. Immune oncology (IO) therapies have demonstrated efficacy in several solid malignancies when combined with chemotherapy, whereas response rates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) are poor. While promising in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), there remains an unmet need to fully leverage IO therapies to treat HPB tumors. We therefore defined T cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment of HPB patients utilizing a novel, multiparameter flow cytometry and bioinformatics analysis. Our findings quantify the T cell phenotypic states in relation to checkpoint receptor expression. We demonstrate the presence of CD103+ tissue resident memory T cells (TRM), CCR7+ central memory T cells, and CD57+ terminally differentiated effector cells across all HPB cancers, while the anti-tumor function was dampened by expression of multiple co-inhibitory checkpoint receptors. Terminally exhausted T cells lacking co-stimulatory receptors were more prevalent in PDA, whereas partially exhausted T cells expressing both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors were most prevalent in HCC, especially in early stage. HCC patients had significantly higher TRM with a phenotype that could confer restored activation in response to immune checkpoint therapies. Further, we found a lack of robust alteration in T cell activation state or checkpoint expression in response to chemotherapy in PDA patients. These results support that HCC patients might benefit most from combined checkpoint therapies, whereas efforts other than cytotoxic chemotherapy will likely be necessary to increase overall T cell activation in CCA and PDA for future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wan
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Weissinger
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin A Krantz
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregor Werba
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Freeman
- Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren G Khanna
- Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Despina Siolas
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul E Oberstein
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pratip K Chattopadhyay
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Theodore H Welling
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Franks SE, Fabian KP, Santiago-Sánchez G, Wolfson B, Hodge JW. Immune targeting of three independent suppressive pathways (TIGIT, PD-L1, TGFβ) provides significant antitumor efficacy in immune checkpoint resistant models. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2124666. [PMID: 36211806 PMCID: PMC9542338 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2124666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Elizabeth Franks
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kellsye P. Fabian
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ginette Santiago-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolfson
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James W. Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Boissière-Michot F, Chateau MC, Thézenas S, Guiu S, Bobrie A, Jacot W. Correlation of the TIGIT-PVR immune checkpoint axis with clinicopathological features in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058424. [PMID: 36544779 PMCID: PMC9760730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) interacts with poliovirus receptor (PVR) to contribute to cancer immune escape. Recently, TIGIT and PVR have been identified as promising immunotherapy targets. Their gene expression is upregulated in many solid tumors, but their protein expression level is not well documented, particularly in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the breast cancer subtype that most benefit from immunotherapy. Methods TIGIT and PVR expression levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 243 surgically resected localized TNBC and then their relationship with clinical-pathological features and clinical outcome was analyzed. Results TIGIT expression was observed in immune cells from the tumor microenvironment, whereas PVR was mainly expressed by tumor cells. High TIGIT expression was significantly associated with age (p=0.010), histological grade (p=0.014), non-lobular histology (p=0.024), adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.006), and various immune cell populations (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD3+, CD8+, PD-1+ cells; all p<0.0001), PD-L1+ tumor cells (p<0.0001), and PD-L1+ stromal cells (p=0.003). Infiltration by TIGIT+ cells tended to be higher in non-molecular apocrine tumors (p=0.088). PVR was significantly associated with histological grade (p<0.0001), the basal-like (p=0.003) and non-molecular apocrine phenotypes (p=0.039), high TILs infiltration (p=0.011), CD3+ (p=0.002), CD8+ (p=0.024) T cells, and PD-L1 expression in tumor (p=0.003) and stromal cells (p=0.001). In univariate analysis, only known prognostic factors (age, tumor size, lymph node status, adjuvant chemotherapy, TILs and CD3+ T-cell infiltrate) were significantly associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival. High TIGIT and PVR expression levels tended to be associated with longer RFS (p=0.079 and 0.045, respectively). The analysis that included only non-molecular apocrine TNBC revealed longer RFS for tumors that strongly expressed TIGIT or PVR (p=0.025 for TIGIT and 0.032 for PVR). Conclusions These results indicated that in TNBC, TIGIT+ cells can easily interact with PVR to exert their inhibitory effects. Their wide expression in TNBC and their association with other immune checkpoint components suggest the therapeutic interest of the TIGIT-PVR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France,*Correspondence: Florence Boissière-Michot,
| | - Marie-Christine Chateau
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Thézenas
- Biometrics Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France,Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Bobrie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France,Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France,Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France,Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Montpellier, France,Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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19
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Farhangnia P, Akbarpour M, Yazdanifar M, Aref AR, Delbandi AA, Rezaei N. Advances in therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints receptors within the CD96-TIGIT axis: clinical implications and future perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1217-1237. [PMID: 36154551 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2128107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of therapeutic antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) that induce long-term remissions in cancer patients has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, a major drawback is that relapse after an initial response may be attributed to innate and acquired resistance. Additionally, these treatments are not beneficial to all patients. Therefore, the discovery and targeting of novel ICMs and their combination with other immunotherapeutics are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED There has been increasing evidence of the CD96-TIGIT axis as ICMs in cancer immunotherapy in the last five years. This review will highlight and discuss the current knowledge about the role of CD96 and TIGIT in hematological and solid tumor immunotherapy in the context of empirical studies and clinical trials, and provide a comprehensive list of ongoing cancer clinical trials on the blockade of these ICMs, as well as the rationale behind combinational therapies with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents, chemotherapy drugs, and radiotherapy. Moreover, we share our perspectives on anti-CD96/TIGIT-related combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION CD96-TIGIT axis regulates anti-tumor immune responses. Thus, the receptors within this axis are the potential candidates for cancer immunotherapy. Combining the inhibition of CD96-TIGIT with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs and chemotherapy drugs has shown relatively effective results in the context of preclinical studies and tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility (ACTF), Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Role of PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential Friends to Immune Activating Molecules and Foes to Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225633. [PMID: 36428727 PMCID: PMC9688455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induce cytotoxic effects as single agents in tumors characterized by defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks deriving from BRCA1/2 mutations or other abnormalities in genes associated with homologous recombination. Preclinical studies have shown that PARPi-induced DNA damage may affect the tumor immune microenvironment and immune-mediated anti-tumor response through several mechanisms. In particular, increased DNA damage has been shown to induce the activation of type I interferon pathway and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, which can both enhance sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Despite the recent approval of ICIs for a number of advanced cancer types based on their ability to reinvigorate T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses, a consistent percentage of treated patients fail to respond, strongly encouraging the identification of combination therapies to overcome resistance. In the present review, we analyzed both established and unexplored mechanisms that may be elicited by PARPi, supporting immune reactivation and their potential synergism with currently used ICIs. This analysis may indicate novel and possibly patient-specific immune features that might represent new pharmacological targets of PARPi, potentially leading to the identification of predictive biomarkers of response to their combination with ICIs.
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21
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Jeon EY, Choi D, Choi S, Won J, Jo Y, Kim H, Jung Y, Shin SC, Min H, Choi HW, Lee MS, Park Y, Chung JJ, Jin H. Enhancing adoptive T-cell therapy with fucoidan-based IL-2 delivery microcapsules. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10362. [PMID: 36684086 PMCID: PMC9842027 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with antigen-specific T cells is a promising treatment approach for solid cancers. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been utilized in boosting the efficacy of ACT. However, the clinical applications of IL-2 in combination with ACT is greatly limited by short exposure and high toxicities. Herein, a complex coacervate was designed to intratumorally deliver IL-2 in a sustained manner and protect against proteolysis. The complex coacervate consisted of fucoidan, a specific IL-2 binding glycosaminoglycan, and poly-l-lysine, a cationic counterpart (FPC2). IL-2-laden FPC2 exhibited a preferential bioactivity in ex vivo expansion of CD8+T cells over Treg cells. Additionally, FPC2 was embedded in pH modulating injectable gel (FPC2-IG) to endure the acidic tumor microenvironment. A single intratumoral administration of FPC2-IG-IL-2 increased expansion of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes and reduced frequencies of myeloid populations. Notably, the activation and persistency of tumor-reactive T cells were observed only in the tumor site, not in the spleen, confirming a localized effect of FPC2-IG-IL-2. The immune-favorable tumor microenvironment induced by FPC2-IG-IL-2 enabled adoptively transferred TCR-engineered T cells to effectively eradicate tumors. FPC2-IG delivery system is a promising strategy for T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jeon
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Da‐som Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seunghyun Choi
- Theragnosis CenterBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea,Department of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ju‐young Won
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Theragnosis CenterBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea,Department of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hye‐bin Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea,School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea,Yonsei‐KIST Convergence Research InstituteSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang Chul Shin
- Technology Support CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Myeong Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Theragnosis CenterBiomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Justin J. Chung
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced TechnologySeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea,Department of MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyung‐seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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22
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Conner M, Hance KW, Yadavilli S, Smothers J, Waight JD. Emergence of the CD226 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914406. [PMID: 35812451 PMCID: PMC9263721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a set of immune receptors that interact with members of the nectin/nectin-like (necl) family has garnered significant attention as possible points of manipulation in cancer. Central to this axis, CD226, TIGIT, and CD96 represent ligand (CD155)-competitive co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors, analogous to the CTLA-4/B7/CD28 tripartite. The identification of PVRIG (CD112R) and CD112 has introduced complexity and enabled additional nodes of therapeutic intervention. By virtue of the clinical progression of TIGIT antagonists and emergence of novel CD96- and PVRIG-based approaches, our overall understanding of the ‘CD226 axis’ in cancer immunotherapy is starting to take shape. However, several questions remain regarding the unique characteristics of, and mechanistic interplay between, each receptor-ligand pair. This review provides an overview of the CD226 axis in the context of cancer, with a focus on the status of immunotherapeutic strategies (TIGIT, CD96, and PVRIG) and their underlying biology (i.e., cis/trans interactions). We also integrate our emerging knowledge of the immune populations involved, key considerations for Fc gamma (γ) receptor biology in therapeutic activity, and a snapshot of the rapidly evolving clinical landscape.
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23
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Jiang C, Qu X, Ma L, Yi L, Cheng X, Gao X, Wang J, Che N, Zhang H, Zhang S. CD155 expression impairs anti-PD1 therapy response in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:220-232. [PMID: 35262683 PMCID: PMC9188351 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD155 is an immune checkpoint protein expressed in tumor cells that interacts with its ligand TIGIT, and inhibition of this point presents a new and novel way for cancer therapy. At present, whether the expression of CD155 affects the response to anti(α)-PD1 treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is unclear. This observational study characterizes the expression of CD155 in NSCLC patients and its responses to PD1 inhibitors. We retrospectively detected the expression of CD155 and tumor-infiltrated lymphocyte (TIL) TIGIT by immunohistochemistry in advanced NSCLC patients who had received αPD1 therapy. The patients with CD155 positive had a significantly worse response to αPD1 therapy compared with CD155-negative patients (ORR: 25.6% vs 54.8%, P < 0.01; median PFS: 5.1 vs 7.1 months, HR = 2.322; 95% CI 1.396-3.861, P = 0.001). This effect is more prominent in PD-L1 positive patients. In PD-L1-positive patients, CD155 expression is associated with a poor response to αPD1 therapy in both LUAC (lung adenocarcinoma) and LUSC (lung squamous cell carcinoma); meanwhile, the expression of CD155 was associated with a poor response to the first-line αPD1 therapy, posterior-line αPD1 therapy, and αPD1 combination therapy. Furthermore, the expression of TIGIT was not correlated with the therapeutic effect of αPD1. Our pilot study suggests that CD155 expression attenuates the therapeutic effect of αPD1 therapy and is associated with a higher risk of progression. The CD155 pathway may be a promising immunotherapeutic target and simultaneously targeting CD155/TIGIT and PD1/PD-L1 can improve the effect of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodie Qu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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Indini A, Massi D, Pirro M, Roila F, Grossi F, Sahebkar A, Glodde N, Bald T, Mandalà M. Targeting inflamed and non-inflamed melanomas: biological background and clinical challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:477-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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25
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Sung E, Ko M, Won JY, Jo Y, Park E, Kim H, Choi E, Jung UJ, Jeon J, Kim Y, Ahn H, Choi DS, Choi S, Hong Y, Park H, Lee H, Son YG, Park K, Won J, Oh SJ, Lee S, Kim KP, Yoo C, Song HK, Jin HS, Jung J, Park Y. LAG-3xPD-L1 bispecific antibody potentiates antitumor responses of T cells through dendritic cell activation. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2800-2816. [PMID: 35526096 PMCID: PMC9372323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several preclinical studies demonstrate that antitumor efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can be improved by combination with other checkpoint inhibitors. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor involved in T cell exhaustion and tumor immune escape. Here, we describe ABL501, a bispecific antibody targeting LAG-3 and PD-L1 in modulating immune cell responses against tumors. ABL501 that efficiently inhibits both LAG-3 and PD-L1 pathways enhances the activation of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a higher degree than a combination of single anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-L1. The augmented effector T cell responses by ABL501 resulted in mitigating regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression. Mechanistically, the simultaneous binding of ABL501 to LAG-3 and PD-L1 promotes DC activation and tumor cell conjugation with T cells that subsequently mounts effective CD8+T cell responses. ABL501 demonstrates its potent in vivo antitumor efficacy in a humanized xenograft model and with knock-in mice expressing human orthologs. The immune profiling analysis of peripheral blood reveals an increased abundance of LAG-3hiPD-1hi memory CD4+T cell subset in relapsed cholangiocarcinoma patients after gemcitabine plus cisplatin therapy, which are more responsive to ABL501. This study supports the clinical evaluation of ABL501 as a novel cancer immunotherapeutic, and a first-in-human trial has started (NCT05101109).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minkyung Ko
- Theragnosis center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Won
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Theragnosis center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02481, South Korea
| | | | | | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hyejin Ahn
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Da-Som Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Choi
- Theragnosis center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soo Jin Oh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Pyo Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02481, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Jaeho Jung
- ABL Bio Inc, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Park
- Theragnosis center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
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26
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Wang D, Gu Y, Yan X, Huo C, Wang G, Zhao Y, Teng M, Li Y. Role of CD155/TIGIT in Digestive Cancers: Promising Cancer Target for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844260. [PMID: 35433470 PMCID: PMC9005749 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment restricts the function and survival of various immune cells by up-regulating inhibitory immune checkpoints, and participates in the immune escape of tumors. The development of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death receptor 1 antibody and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody, has provided many options for cancer treatment. The efficacy of other immune checkpoint inhibitors is also under development and research. Among them, T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) has shown excellent clinical application prospects. Correspondingly, poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155), one of the main ligands of TIGIT, is mainly expressed in various human malignant tumors and myeloid cells. CD155 interacts with TIGIT on natural killer cells and T cells, mediating inhibitory immunomodulatory regulation. This study summarized the mechanism of CD155/TIGIT in regulating immune cells and its role in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors, aiming to provide a new perspective for immunotherapy of digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Gu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Yan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Huo
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Muzhou Teng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yumin Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Banta KL, Xu X, Chitre AS, Au-Yeung A, Takahashi C, O'Gorman WE, Wu TD, Mittman S, Cubas R, Comps-Agrar L, Fulzele A, Bennett EJ, Grogan JL, Hui E, Chiang EY, Mellman I. Mechanistic convergence of the TIGIT and PD-1 inhibitory pathways necessitates co-blockade to optimize anti-tumor CD8 + T cell responses. Immunity 2022; 55:512-526.e9. [PMID: 35263569 PMCID: PMC9287124 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual blockade of the PD-1 and TIGIT coinhibitory receptors on T cells shows promising early results in cancer patients. Here, we studied the mechanisms whereby PD-1 and/or TIGIT blockade modulate anti-tumor CD8+ T cells. Although PD-1 and TIGIT are thought to regulate different costimulatory receptors (CD28 and CD226), effectiveness of PD-1 or TIGIT inhibition in preclinical tumor models was reduced in the absence of CD226. CD226 expression associated with clinical benefit in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated with anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab. CD226 and CD28 were co-expressed on NSCLC infiltrating CD8+ T cells poised for expansion. Mechanistically, PD-1 inhibited phosphorylation of both CD226 and CD28 via its ITIM-containing intracellular domain (ICD); TIGIT's ICD was dispensable, with TIGIT restricting CD226 co-stimulation by blocking interaction with their common ligand PVR (CD155). Thus, full restoration of CD226 signaling, and optimal anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses, requires blockade of TIGIT and PD-1, providing a mechanistic rationale for combinatorial targeting in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl L Banta
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Section of Cell & Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Amelia Au-Yeung
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas D Wu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Rafael Cubas
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Amit Fulzele
- Section of Cell & Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Section of Cell & Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Enfu Hui
- Section of Cell & Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eugene Y Chiang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Ira Mellman
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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28
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Lee YH, Lee HJ, Kim HC, Lee Y, Nam SK, Hupperetz C, Ma JS, Wang X, Singer O, Kim WS, Kim SJ, Koh Y, Jung I, Kim CH. PD-1 and TIGIT downregulation distinctly affect the effector and early memory phenotypes of CD19-targeting CAR T cells. Mol Ther 2022; 30:579-592. [PMID: 34628052 PMCID: PMC8821960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have become an important therapeutic option for patients with relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. However, a significant portion of patients still do not benefit from the therapy owing to various resistance mechanisms, including high expression of multiple inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Here, we report a lentiviral two-in-one CAR T approach in which two checkpoint receptors are downregulated simultaneously by a dual short hairpin RNA cassette integrated into a CAR vector. Using this system, we evaluated CD19-targeting CAR T cells in the context of four different checkpoint combinations-PD-1/TIM-3, PD-1/LAG-3, PD-1/CTLA-4, and PD-1/TIGIT-and found that CAR T cells with PD-1/TIGIT downregulation uniquely exerted synergistic antitumor effects. Importantly, functional and phenotypic analyses suggested that downregulation of PD-1 enhances short-term effector function, whereas downregulation of TIGIT is primarily responsible for maintaining a less differentiated/exhausted state, providing a potential mechanism for the observed synergy. The PD-1/TIGIT-downregulated CAR T cells generated from diffuse large B cell lymphoma patient-derived T cells also showed robust antitumor activity and significantly improved persistence in vivo. The efficacy and safety of PD-1/TIGIT-downregulated CD19-targeting CAR T cells are currently being evaluated in adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B cell lymphoma (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836507).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Curocell Inc., Daejeon 34109, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: Young-Ho Lee, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeong Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Curocell Inc., Daejeon 34109, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yujean Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyung Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cedric Hupperetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer S.Y. Ma
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xinxin Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oded Singer
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: Chan Hyuk Kim, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Bolm L, Petruch N, Sivakumar S, Annels NE, Frampton AE. Gene of the month: T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT). J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:217-221. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune modulators play a crucial role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression by impairing cancer cell-targeted immune responses. T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) regulates T-cell function and cancer cell recognition and was therefore identified as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. TIGIT is expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and has three ligands: CD155, CD112 and CD113. CD155 binds TIGIT with the highest affinity and promotes direct and indirect downregulation of T-cell response. TIGIT signalling further inhibits NK function and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. An association between TIGIT expression and poor survival was identified in multiple cancer entities. Blocking TIGIT with monoclonal antibodies, and a combination of TIGIT and programmed cell death protein 1 blockade in particular, prevented tumour progression, distant metastasis and tumour recurrence in in vivo models. Inhibition of TIGIT is currently evaluated in first clinical trials.
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30
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Liu W, Xia L, Xia Z, Chen L. Comprehensive Analysis of Innate Immunophenotyping Based on Immune Score Predicting Immune Alterations and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:88. [PMID: 35052427 PMCID: PMC8774675 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer, with the highest mortality rate and the most diagnosed cancer type in women worldwide. To identify the effect innate immune checkpoint for breast cancer immunotherapy, the innate immune prognostic biomarkers were selected through the ICI score model and the risk model in breast cancer patients. Moreover, the reliability and accuracy of the ICI score model and the risk model were further examined through the analysis of breast cancer prognosis and immune cell infiltration. The pan cancer analysis further confirmed and selected CXCL9 as the key innate immune checkpoint for breast cancer immunotherapy and identified three small molecular drugs for target CXCL9 through molecular docking analysis. In summary, CXCL9 significantly correlated with the prognostic of breast cancer and immune cell infiltration and could be innate immune checkpoint for breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (W.L.); (L.X.); (Z.X.)
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31
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Chang WA, Tsai MJ, Hung JY, Wu KL, Tsai YM, Huang YC, Chang CY, Tsai PH, Hsu YL. miR-150-5p-Containing Extracellular Vesicles Are a New Immunoregulator That Favor the Progression of Lung Cancer in Hypoxic Microenvironments by Altering the Phenotype of NK Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246252. [PMID: 34944871 PMCID: PMC8699319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NKs) cells are cytotoxic effector cells, which can modulate tumor metastasis according to their function; however, the role of NK cells in lung cancer has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we determined the functional profiles of NK cells in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) of lung cancer. We revealed CD226 downregulation and functional repression of NK cells after hypoxic lung cancer priming and we then investigated their interaction with extracellular vesicles (EVs) and miR-150-5p. We also found that NK cells from lung cancer patients had lower expression of CD226 on their surface and exhibited a pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and tumorigenesis phenotype by expressing VEGF, CXCL1, CXCL8, S100A8 and MMPs. Moreover, inhibition of miR-150 improved tumor surveillance by reversing CD226 expression and subsequently reinstating cytotoxic NK cell activity in an animal model. Our study introduces a new scenario for the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic activities of NK cells in the hypoxic TME in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-An Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-A.C.); (M.-J.T.); (J.-Y.H.); (K.-L.W.); (Y.-M.T.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-A.C.); (M.-J.T.); (J.-Y.H.); (K.-L.W.); (Y.-M.T.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-A.C.); (M.-J.T.); (J.-Y.H.); (K.-L.W.); (Y.-M.T.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Li Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-A.C.); (M.-J.T.); (J.-Y.H.); (K.-L.W.); (Y.-M.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (P.-H.T.)
| | - Ying-Ming Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-A.C.); (M.-J.T.); (J.-Y.H.); (K.-L.W.); (Y.-M.T.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Chi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (P.-H.T.)
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (P.-H.T.)
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (P.-H.T.)
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (P.-H.T.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2136-26)
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32
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Zhou J, Zhang S, Guo C. Crosstalk between macrophages and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108374. [PMID: 34824036 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is jointly constructed by a variety of cell types, including tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, among others. The cells within the TME interact with each other and with tumor cells to influence tumor development and progression. As the most abundant immune cells in the TME, macrophages regulate the immune network by not only secreting a large amount of versatile cytokines but also expressing a series of ligands or receptors on the surface to interact with other cells directly. Due to their strong plasticity, they exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects in the complex TME. The major effector cells of the immune system that directly target cancer cells include but are not limited to natural killer cells (NKs), dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mast cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Among them, NK cells are the predominant innate lymphocyte subsets that mediate antitumor and antiviral responses. The activation and inhibition of NK cells are regulated by cytokines and the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors. There is an inextricable regulatory relationship between macrophages and NK cells. Herein, we systematically elaborate on the regulatory network between macrophages and NK cells through soluble mediator crosstalk and cell-to-cell interactions. We believe that a better understanding of the crosstalk between macrophages and NKs in the TME will benefit the development of novel macrophage- or NK cell-focused therapeutic strategies with superior efficacies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Changying Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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33
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Lee AH, Sun L, Mochizuki AY, Reynoso JG, Orpilla J, Chow F, Kienzler JC, Everson RG, Nathanson DA, Bensinger SJ, Liau LM, Cloughesy T, Hugo W, Prins RM. Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade induces T cell and cDC1 activation but fails to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6938. [PMID: 34836966 PMCID: PMC8626557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM), are remarkably resistant to immunotherapy, even though pre-clinical models suggest effectiveness. To understand this better in patients, here we take advantage of our recent neoadjuvant treatment paradigm to map the infiltrating immune cell landscape of GBM and how this is altered following PD-1 checkpoint blockade using high dimensional proteomics, single cell transcriptomics, and quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence. Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade increases T cell infiltration and the proportion of a progenitor exhausted population of T cells found within the tumor. We identify an early activated and clonally expanded CD8+ T cell cluster whose TCR overlaps with a CD8+ PBMC population. Distinct changes are also observed in conventional type 1 dendritic cells that may facilitate T cell recruitment. Macrophages and monocytes still constitute the majority of infiltrating immune cells, even after anti-PD-1 therapy. Interferon-mediated changes in the myeloid population are consistently observed following PD-1 blockade; these also mediate an increase in chemotactic factors that recruit T cells. However, sustained high expression of T-cell-suppressive checkpoints in these myeloid cells continue to prevent the optimal activation of the tumor infiltrating T cells. Therefore, future immunotherapeutic strategies may need to incorporate the targeting of these cells for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aaron Y Mochizuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy G Reynoso
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joey Orpilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Frances Chow
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jenny C Kienzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Richard G Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Timothy Cloughesy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Willy Hugo
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA, 94129, USA.
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA, 94129, USA.
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Scharf L, Pedersen CB, Johansson E, Lindman J, Olsen LR, Buggert M, Wilhelmson S, Månsson F, Esbjörnsson J, Biague A, Medstrand P, Norrgren H, Karlsson AC, Jansson M. Inverted CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion and Co-Stimulation Marker Balance Differentiate Aviremic HIV-2-Infected From Seronegative Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744530. [PMID: 34712231 PMCID: PMC8545800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-2 is less pathogenic compared to HIV-1. Still, disease progression may develop in aviremic HIV-2 infection, but the driving forces and mechanisms behind such development are unclear. Here, we aimed to reveal the immunophenotypic pattern associated with CD8 T-cell pathology in HIV-2 infection, in relation to viremia and markers of disease progression. The relationships between pathological differences of the CD8 T-cell memory population and viremia were analyzed in blood samples obtained from an occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau, including HIV-2 viremic and aviremic individuals. For comparison, samples from HIV-1- or dually HIV-1/2-infected and seronegative individuals were obtained from the same cohort. CD8 T-cell exhaustion was evaluated by the combined expression patterns of activation, stimulatory and inhibitory immune checkpoint markers analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry and advanced bioinformatics. Unsupervised multidimensional clustering analysis identified a cluster of late differentiated CD8 T-cells expressing activation (CD38+, HLA-DRint/high), co-stimulatory (CD226+/-), and immune inhibitory (2B4+, PD-1high, TIGIThigh) markers that distinguished aviremic from viremic HIV-2, and treated from untreated HIV-1-infected individuals. This CD8 T-cell population displayed close correlations to CD4%, viremia, and plasma levels of IP-10, sCD14 and beta-2 microglobulin in HIV-2 infection. Detailed analysis revealed that aviremic HIV-2-infected individuals had higher frequencies of exhausted TIGIT+ CD8 T-cell populations lacking CD226, while reduced percentage of stimulation-receptive TIGIT-CD226+ CD8 T-cells, compared to seronegative individuals. Our results suggest that HIV-2 infection, independent of viremia, skews CD8 T-cells towards exhaustion and reduced co-stimulation readiness. Further knowledge on CD8 T-cell phenotypes might provide help in therapy monitoring and identification of immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Scharf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina B Pedersen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lindman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars R Olsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Wilhelmson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Månsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Antonio Biague
- National Laboratory for Public Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Patrik Medstrand
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Norrgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika C Karlsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Shibuya A, Shibuya K. DNAM-1 versus TIGIT: competitive roles in tumor immunity and inflammatory responses. Int Immunol 2021; 33:687-692. [PMID: 34694361 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory immunoreceptors DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) and T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) are paired activating and inhibitory receptors on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. They share the ligands poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155) and its family member nectin-2 (CD112), which are highly expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), tumors and virus-infected cells. Upon ligation with the ligands, DNAM-1 and TIGIT show reciprocal functions; whereas DNAM-1 promotes activation, proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxic activity in effector lymphocytes, including CD4 + T-helper cells, CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells, TIGIT inhibits these DNAM-1 functions. On the other hand, DNAM-1 competes with TIGIT on regulatory T (Treg) cells in binding to CD155 and therefore regulates TIGIT signaling to down-regulate Treg cell function. Thus, whereas DNAM-1 enhances anti-tumor immunity and inflammatory responses by augmenting effector lymphocyte function and suppressing Treg cell function, TIGIT reciprocally suppresses these immune responses by suppressing effector lymphocyte function and augmenting Treg cell function. Thus, blockade of DNAM-1 and TIGIT function would be potential therapeutic approaches for patients with inflammatory diseases and those with cancers and virus infection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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36
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Wu B, Zhong C, Lang Q, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Yu Y, Zhang H, Xu F, Tian Y. Poliovirus receptor (PVR)-like protein cosignaling network: new opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:267. [PMID: 34433460 PMCID: PMC8390200 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules, also known as cosignaling molecules, are pivotal cell-surface molecules that control immune cell responses by either promoting (costimulatory molecules) or inhibiting (coinhibitory molecules) a signal. These molecules have been studied for many years. The application of immune checkpoint drugs in the clinic provides hope for cancer patients. Recently, the poliovirus receptor (PVR)-like protein cosignaling network, which involves several immune checkpoint receptors, i.e., DNAM-1 (DNAX accessory molecule-1, CD226), TIGIT (T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)), CD96 (T cell activation, increased late expression (TACLILE)), and CD112R (PVRIG), which interact with their ligands CD155 (PVR/Necl-5), CD112 (PVRL2/nectin-2), CD111 (PVRL1/nectin-1), CD113 (PVRL3/nectin-3), and Nectin4, was discovered. As important components of the immune system, natural killer (NK) and T cells play a vital role in eliminating and killing foreign pathogens and abnormal cells in the body. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that this novel cosignaling network axis costimulates and coinhibits NK and T cell activation to eliminate cancer cells after engaging with ligands, and this activity may be effectively targeted for cancer immunotherapy. In this article, we review recent advances in research on this novel cosignaling network. We also briefly outline the structure of this cosignaling network, the signaling cascades and mechanisms involved after receptors engage with ligands, and how this novel cosignaling network costimulates and coinhibits NK cell and T cell activation for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, this review comprehensively summarizes the application of this new network in preclinical trials and clinical trials. This review provides a new immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qi Lang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- Department of College of Medical and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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37
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Pancreatic Cancer and Immunotherapy: A Clinical Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164138. [PMID: 34439292 PMCID: PMC8393975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with high mortality. The vast majority of patients present with unresectable, advanced stage disease, for whom standard of care chemo(radio)therapy may improve survival by several months. Immunotherapy has led to a fundamental shift in the treatment of several advanced cancers. However, its efficacy in PDAC in terms of clinical benefit is limited, possibly owing to the immunosuppressive, inaccessible tumor microenvironment. Still, various immunotherapies have demonstrated the capacity to initiate local and systemic immune responses, suggesting an immune potentiating effect. In this review, we address PDAC's immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immune evasion methods and discuss a wide range of immunotherapies, including immunomodulators (i.e., immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune stimulatory agonists, cytokines and adjuvants), oncolytic viruses, adoptive cell therapies (i.e., T cells and natural killer cells) and cancer vaccines. We provide a general introduction to their working mechanism as well as evidence of their clinical efficacy and immune potentiating abilities in PDAC. The key to successful implementation of immunotherapy in this disease may rely on exploitation of synergistic effects between treatment combinations. Accordingly, future treatment approaches should aim to incorporate diverse and novel immunotherapeutic strategies coupled with cytotoxic drugs and/or local ablative treatment, targeting a wide array of tumor-induced immune escape mechanisms.
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38
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Ge Z, Peppelenbosch MP, Sprengers D, Kwekkeboom J. TIGIT, the Next Step Towards Successful Combination Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699895. [PMID: 34367161 PMCID: PMC8339559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on several types of lymphocytes. Efficacy of antibody blockade of TIGIT in cancer immunotherapy is currently widely being investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. In multiple cancers TIGIT is expressed on tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells and NK cells, and its main ligand CD155 is expressed on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and upregulated on cancer cells, which contributes to local suppression of immune-surveillance. While single TIGIT blockade has limited anti-tumor efficacy, pre-clinical studies indicate that co-blockade of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway leads to tumor rejection, notably even in anti-PD-1 resistant tumor models. Among inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, a unique property of TIGIT blockade is that it enhances not only anti-tumor effector T-cell responses, but also NK-cell responses, and reduces the suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells. Numerous clinical trials on TIGIT-blockade in cancer have recently been initiated, predominantly combination treatments. The first interim results show promise for combined TIGIT and PD-L1 co-blockade in solid cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and identify the gaps in our current understanding of TIGIT’s roles in cancer immunity, and provide, based on these insights, recommendations for its positioning in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhong Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
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39
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Weulersse M, Asrir A, Pichler AC, Lemaitre L, Braun M, Carrié N, Joubert MV, Le Moine M, Do Souto L, Gaud G, Das I, Brauns E, Scarlata CM, Morandi E, Sundarrajan A, Cuisinier M, Buisson L, Maheo S, Kassem S, Agesta A, Pérès M, Verhoeyen E, Martinez A, Mazieres J, Dupré L, Gossye T, Pancaldi V, Guillerey C, Ayyoub M, Dejean AS, Saoudi A, Goriely S, Avet-Loiseau H, Bald T, Smyth MJ, Martinet L. Eomes-Dependent Loss of the Co-activating Receptor CD226 Restrains CD8 + T Cell Anti-tumor Functions and Limits the Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy. Immunity 2021; 53:824-839.e10. [PMID: 33053331 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are exposed to various signals that ultimately determine functional outcomes. Here, we examined the role of the co-activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) in CD8+ T cell function. The absence of CD226 expression identified a subset of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells present in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. These cells exhibited reduced LFA-1 activation, altered TCR signaling, and a distinct transcriptomic program upon stimulation. CD226neg CD8+ T cells accumulated in human and mouse tumors of diverse origin through an antigen-specific mechanism involving the transcriptional regulator Eomesodermin (Eomes). Despite similar expression of co-inhibitory receptors, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte failed to respond to anti-PD-1 in the absence of CD226. Immune checkpoint blockade efficacy was hampered in Cd226-/- mice. Anti-CD137 (4-1BB) agonists also stimulated Eomes-dependent CD226 loss that limited the anti-tumor efficacy of this treatment. Thus, CD226 loss restrains CD8+ T cell function and limits the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Weulersse
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Assia Asrir
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea C Pichler
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Lea Lemaitre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Matthias Braun
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadège Carrié
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Véronique Joubert
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Le Moine
- UCR-I (ULB Centre for Research in Immunology), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, 6041 Belgium
| | - Laura Do Souto
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Gaud
- Centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR 1043, CNRS UMR 5282, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Indrajit Das
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elisa Brauns
- UCR-I (ULB Centre for Research in Immunology), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, 6041 Belgium
| | - Clara M Scarlata
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Elena Morandi
- Centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR 1043, CNRS UMR 5282, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marine Cuisinier
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Buisson
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrina Maheo
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Arantxa Agesta
- Centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR 1043, CNRS UMR 5282, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michaël Pérès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France; Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Mazieres
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR 1043, CNRS UMR 5282, UPS, Toulouse, France; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gossye
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Guillerey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Anne S Dejean
- Centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR 1043, CNRS UMR 5282, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR 1043, CNRS UMR 5282, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- UCR-I (ULB Centre for Research in Immunology), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, 6041 Belgium
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Tobias Bald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ludovic Martinet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, France.
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40
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Lee DH, Kang SH, Choi DS, Ko M, Choi E, Ahn H, Min H, Oh SJ, Lee MS, Park Y, Jin HS. Genome wide CRISPR screening reveals a role for sialylation in the tumorigenesis and chemoresistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 510:37-47. [PMID: 33872695 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of cytokine and growth factor signal transduction pathways confers enhanced survival and proliferation properties to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the deregulation of signaling pathways in leukemia cells are unclear. To identify genes capable of independently supporting cytokine-independent growth, we employed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss-of-function screen in GM-CSF-dependent human AML TF-1 cells. More than 182 genes (p < 0.01) were found to suppress the cytokine-independent growth of TF-1 cells. Among the top hits, genes encoding key factors involved in sialylation biosynthesis were identified; these included CMAS, SLC35A1, NANS, and GNE. Knockout of either CMAS or SLC35A1 enabled cytokine-independent proliferation and survival of AML cells. Furthermore, NSG (NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ-/-) mice injected with CMAS or SLC35A1-knockout TF-1 cells exhibited a shorter survival than mice injected with wild-type cells. Mechanistically, abrogation of sialylation biosynthesis in TF-1 cells induced a strong activation of ERK signaling, which sensitized cells to MEK inhibitors but conferred resistance to JAK inhibitors. Further, the surface level of α2,3-linked sialic acids was negatively correlated with the sensitivity of AML cell lines to MEK/ERK inhibitors. We also found that sialylation modulated the expression and stability of the CSF2 receptor. Together, these results demonstrate a novel role of sialylation in regulating oncogenic transformation and drug resistance development in leukemia. We propose that altered sialylation could serve as a biomarker for targeted anti-leukemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Som Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Ko
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Ahn
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Sup Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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41
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Sivakumar S, Abu-Shah E, Ahern DJ, Arbe-Barnes EH, Jainarayanan AK, Mangal N, Reddy S, Rendek A, Easton A, Kurz E, Silva M, Soonawalla Z, Heij LR, Bashford-Rogers R, Middleton MR, Dustin ML. Activated Regulatory T-Cells, Dysfunctional and Senescent T-Cells Hinder the Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1776. [PMID: 33917832 PMCID: PMC8068251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst prognoses of any human malignancy and leukocyte infiltration is a major prognostic marker of the disease. As current immunotherapies confer negligible survival benefits, there is a need to better characterise leukocytes in pancreatic cancer to identify better therapeutic strategies. In this study, we analysed 32 human pancreatic cancer patients from two independent cohorts. A multi-parameter mass-cytometry analysis was performed on 32,000 T-cells from eight patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis was performed on a cohort of 24 patients. Multiplex immunohistochemistry imaging and spatial analysis were performed to map immune infiltration into the tumour microenvironment. Regulatory T-cell populations demonstrated highly immunosuppressive states with high TIGIT, ICOS and CD39 expression. CD8+ T-cells were found to be either in senescence or an exhausted state. The exhausted CD8 T-cells had low PD-1 expression but high TIGIT and CD39 expression. These findings were corroborated in an independent pancreatic cancer single-cell RNA dataset. These data suggest that T-cells are major players in the suppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Our work identifies multiple novel therapeutic targets that should form the basis for rational design of a new generation of clinical trials in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.E.); (M.R.M.)
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
- Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Enas Abu-Shah
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David J. Ahern
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
| | | | - Ashwin K. Jainarayanan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Bioscience Doctoral Training Program and Exeter College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nagina Mangal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Srikanth Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.R.); (M.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Aniko Rendek
- Department of Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Alistair Easton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.E.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Elke Kurz
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
| | - Michael Silva
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.R.); (M.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zahir Soonawalla
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.R.); (M.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lara R. Heij
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Mark R. Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.E.); (M.R.M.)
- Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
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42
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Alteber Z, Kotturi MF, Whelan S, Ganguly S, Weyl E, Pardoll DM, Hunter J, Ophir E. Therapeutic Targeting of Checkpoint Receptors within the DNAM1 Axis. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1040-1051. [PMID: 33687987 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies targeting the CTLA4/PD-1 pathways have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy by eliciting durable remission in patients with cancer. However, relapse following early response, attributable to primary and adaptive resistance, is frequently observed. Additional immunomodulatory pathways are being studied in patients with primary or acquired resistance to CTLA4 or PD-1 blockade. The DNAM1 axis is a potent coregulator of innate and adaptive immunity whose other components include the immunoglobulin receptors TIGIT, PVRIG, and CD96, and their nectin and nectin-like ligands. We review the basic biology and therapeutic relevance of this family, which has begun to show promise in cancer clinical trials. SIGNIFICANCE: Recent studies have outlined the immuno-oncologic ascendancy of coinhibitory receptors in the DNAM1 axis such as TIGIT and PVRIG and, to a lesser extent, CD96. Biological elucidation backed by ongoing clinical trials of single-agent therapy directed against TIGIT or PVRIG is beginning to provide the rationale for testing combination regimens of DNAM1 axis blockers in conjunction with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Whelan
- Compugen USA, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Drew M Pardoll
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Hunter
- Compugen USA, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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43
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Sun Y, Anyalebechi JC, Sun H, Yumoto T, Xue M, Liu D, Liang Z, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. Anti-TIGIT differentially affects sepsis survival in immunologically experienced versus previously naive hosts. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141245. [PMID: 33682797 PMCID: PMC8021109 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the balance of T cell costimulatory and coinhibitory signals contributes to mortality during sepsis. Here, we identified a critical role of the coinhibitory molecule T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) in regulating sepsis mortality. Because TIGIT is significantly upregulated on memory T cells, we developed a "memory mouse" model to study the role of TIGIT during sepsis in a more physiologically relevant context. Mice received sequential pathogen exposure and developed memory T cell frequencies, similar to those observed in adult humans, and were then subjected to sepsis induction via cecal ligation and puncture. Our results show that targeting the TIGIT pathway during sepsis is fundamentally different in previously naive versus memory mice, in that αTIGIT Ab had no effect on survival in previously naive septic mice but sharply worsened survival in memory septic mice. Mechanistically, αTIGIT increased apoptosis of memory T cells, decreased T cell function, and downregulated the costimulatory receptor DNAM on memory CD8+ T cells in memory septic mice, but not in previously naive septic mice. Additionally, αTIGIT diminished Helios expression in Tregs in memory but not previously naive septic mice. These data highlight fundamental differences in the pathophysiological impact of targeting TIGIT in immunologically experienced versus previously naive hosts during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Sun
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jerome C. Anyalebechi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - He Sun
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yumoto
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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44
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TIGIT/CD226 Axis Regulates Anti-Tumor Immunity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030200. [PMID: 33670993 PMCID: PMC7997242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors escape immune surveillance by inducing various immunosuppressive pathways, including the activation of inhibitory receptors on tumor-infiltrating T cells. While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been approved for multiple cancer indications, only a subset of patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapies, highlighting the need for additional approaches. Therefore, the identification of new target molecules acting in distinct or complementary pathways in monotherapy or combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is gaining immense interest. T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT) has received considerable attention in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, anti-TIGIT mAb (tiragolumab) has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer treatment when combined with an anti-PD-L1 drug (Tecentriq), leading to phase III trial initiation. TIGIT is expressed mainly on T and natural killer cells; it functions as an inhibitory checkpoint receptor, thereby limiting adaptive and innate immunity. CD226 competes for binding with the same ligands with TIGIT but delivers a positive stimulatory signal to the immune cells. This review discusses the recent discoveries regarding the roles of TIGIT and CD226 in immune cell function and their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics targeting the inhibitory receptors PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 have shown remarkable clinical progress on several cancers. However, most patients do not benefit from these therapies. Thus, many efforts are being made to identify new immune checkpoint receptor-ligand pathways that are alternative targets for cancer immunotherapies. Nectin and nectin-like molecules are widely expressed on several types of tumor cells and play regulatory roles in T- and NK-cell functions. TIGIT, CD226, CD96 and CD112R on lymphoid cells are a group of immunoglobulin superfamily receptors that interact with Nectin and nectin-like molecules with different affinities. These receptors transmit activating or inhibitory signals upon binding their cognate ligands to the immune cells. The integrated signals formed by their complex interactions contribute to regu-lating immune-cell functions. Several clinical trials are currently evaluating the efficacy of anti-TIGIT and anti-CD112R blockades for treating patients with solid tumors. However, many questions still need to be answered in order to fully understand the dynamics and functions of these receptor networks. This review addresses the rationale behind targeting TIGIT, CD226, CD96, and CD112R to regulate T- and NK-cell functions and discusses their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Korea
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46
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Lee JH, Yoo SS, Hong MJ, Choi JE, Kim S, Kang HG, Do SK, Kim JH, Baek SA, Lee WK, Do Yoo J, Choi SH, Lee YH, Seo H, Lee J, Lee SY, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park JY. Impact of immune checkpoint gene CD155 Ala67Thr and CD226 Gly307Ser polymorphisms on small cell lung cancer clinical outcome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1794. [PMID: 33469055 PMCID: PMC7815735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the impact of genetic variants of immune checkpoint genes on the treatment outcome in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In the present study, 261 platinum doublet-treated SCLC patients were enrolled. A total of 96 polymorphisms in 33 immune checkpoint-related genes were selected, and their association with chemotherapy response and survival outcomes were analyzed. Among the polymorphisms studied, CD155 rs1058402G > A (Ala67Thr, A67T) and CD226 rs763361C > T (Gly307Ser, G307S) were significantly associated with SCLC treatment outcome. The rs1058402G > A had a worse chemotherapy response and overall survival (under a dominant model, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27–0.99, P = 0.05; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.12–2.14, P = 0.01, respectively). The rs763361C > T had better chemotherapy response and overall survival (under a dominant model, aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.10–3.75, P = 0.02; aHR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.94, P = 0.02, respectively). When the rs1058402GA/AA and rs763361CC genotypes were combined, the chemotherapy response and overall survival were significantly decreased as the number of bad genotypes increased (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33–0.81, Ptrend = 0.004; aHR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.19–1.84, Ptrend = 4 × 10−4, respectively). The 3-D structural model showed that CD155 A67T created a new hydrogen bond and structural change on CD155. These changes resulted in extending the distance and losing the hydrogen bonds between CD155 and CD226, thus weakening CD155/CD226 binding activity. In conclusion, CD155 rs1058402G > A and CD226 rs763361C > T may be useful for predicting the clinical outcomes of SCLC patients after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Tumor Heterogeneity and Network (THEN) Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Baek
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Collaboration Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Do Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea. .,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,Tumor Heterogeneity and Network (THEN) Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Olaoba OT, Ligali FC, Alabi ZO, Akinyemi AO, Ayinde KS. Of immune checkpoint maladies and remedies: The throwing of jabs in the oncogenic ring of PDAC. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188483. [PMID: 33232723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of co-inhibitory checkpoint receptors/ligands that inactivate antitumor T-cells, the enhancement of Tregs-mediated trogocytosis that contribute delayed maturation of antigen presenting cell (APC), and the high Tregs/CD+8 ratio that maintained low threshold of CD+8 cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME); all represent the nuances in the immune evasive strategies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the most aggressive type of pancreatic cancers characterized by poor prognosis and extremely low survivability. Over the years, fraternity of scientists have developed therapeutic agents that can bolster the capacity of the antitumor immunity, usually via the inhibition of immune checkpoints. While this immune checkpoint inhibition therapy represents one major jab from immunity to PDAC, this cancer remains highly resistant due to the acme of desmoplasia in its TME. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of various checkpoint receptors/ligands axes that are relevant to the fitness of PDAC in its oncogenic ring. These checkpoints include PD-1, CTLA-4, ICOS, TIM-3, TIGIT, BTLA, BTN3A, and VISTA. In addition, we provided evidences that are relevant to the understanding of immune checkpoint inhibition, with extensive outline of immune checkpoint inhibitors that are critical to the treatment of PDAC. Finally, we discuss recently known intricacies of PDAC-mediated immunosuppression, and current advances in treatment options. Having realized that the overall scenario between PDAC and antitumor immunity is like the throwing of jabs in a ring, we therefore discuss future directions and prospect that can knock out PDAC in favor of immunity and humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide T Olaoba
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biochemistry, Federal University Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Funmilayo C Ligali
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Zaccheaus O Alabi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Federal University Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amos O Akinyemi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Federal University Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kehinde S Ayinde
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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