1
|
van Splunter M, Perdijk O, Fick-Brinkhof H, Floris-Vollenbroek EG, Meijer B, Brugman S, Savelkoul HFJ, van Hoffen E, Joost van Neerven RJ. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell and myeloid dendritic cell function in ageing: A comparison between elderly and young adult women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225825. [PMID: 31830086 PMCID: PMC6907850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a changing immune system, leading to inflammageing (increased levels of inflammation markers in serum) and immunosenescence (reduced immune cells and reduced responses towards pathogens). This results in reduced vaccination responses and increased infections in elderly. Much is known about the adaptive immune system upon ageing, but less is known about the innate immune system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare innate immune function of Toll like receptor (TLR)-mediated responses between elderly and young adult women. To this end, elderly and young adult women were compared to study the effect of ageing on the relative prevalence and reactivity to TLR-mediated responses of myeloid- and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDC, pDC). In addition, TLR expression and inflammatory markers in serum were investigated. Elderly women had reduced numbers of circulating pDCs. In addition, pDCs and mDCs of elderly women responded differently towards TLR stimulation, especially TLR7/8 mediated stimulation was reduced, compared to young adults. In serum, markers involved in inflammation were generally increased in elderly. In conclusion, this study confirms and extends the knowledge about immunosenescence and inflammageing on innate immunity in elderly women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olaf Perdijk
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ben Meijer
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shafi S, Ansari HR, Bahitham W, Aouabdi S. The Impact of Natural Antioxidants on the Regenerative Potential of Vascular Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:28. [PMID: 30968031 PMCID: PMC6439348 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in technology, the impact of natural antioxidants on vascular cell regeneration is attracting enormous attention as many current studies are now exploring the clinical potential of antioxidants in regenerative medicine. Natural antioxidants are an important step for improving future treatment and prevention of various diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, neurodegenerative, and diabetes. The use of natural antioxidants which have effects on several types of stem cells with the potential to differentiate into functional endothelium and smooth muscle cells (known as vascular progenitors) for vascular regeneration might override pharmaceutical and surgical treatments. The natural antioxidant systems comprise of several components present in fruits, vegetables, legumes, medicinal plants, and other animal-derived products that interact with reactive free radicals such as oxygen and nitrogen species to neutralize their oxidative damaging effects on vascular cells. Neutralization by antioxidants involves the breaking down of the oxidative cascade chain reactions in the cell membranes in order to fine-tune the free radical levels. The effect of natural antioxidants on vascular regeneration includes restoration or establishment of new vascular structures and functions. In this review, we highlight the significant effects of natural antioxidants on modulating vascular cells to regenerate vessels, as well as possible mechanisms of action and the potential therapeutic benefits on health. The role of antioxidants in regenerating vessels may be critical for the future of regenerative medicine in terms of the maintenance of the normal functioning of vessels and the prevention of multiple vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Shafi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Bahitham
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sihem Aouabdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang YJ, Choi MJ. Liver Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Increase After Taurine in Ovariectomized Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 2:1071-1080. [PMID: 28849523 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to know the effects of taurine on the lipid level of plasma and liver, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities of liver tissue in ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed cholesterol. Twenty-four female SD rats (200 ± 5 g) were grouped; sham and ovariectomy groups, which were each randomly subgrouped; fed control and control supplemented with taurine (20 g/kg diet). The serum total cholesterol, TG (triglyceride), LDL-cholesterol, athrogenic index, and HDL-cholesterol of taurine diet group were not statistically different. Also the levels of liver total cholesterol, triglyceride were not considerably different in different diets. The lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde concentration was considerably lower in taurine-feeding group than control-feeding group in ovariectomy group. The superoxide dismutase activity in liver tissue was significantly higher in rats fed taurine than in rats fed control diet in OVX rats. GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) activity was statistically greater at the rats fed taurine diets compared to rats fed control diet in ovariectomy group. Activity of catalase was higher in taurine group than in control group in ovariectomy group, but it was not significantly different. In conclusion, taurine supplementation was beneficial on antioxidative enzyme activities of liver tissue in ovariectomized rats fed cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ju Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Narasimhan M, Rajasekaran NS. Reductive potential - a savior turns stressor in protein aggregation cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:53-60. [PMID: 25446995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is essential for basal signaling of several physiological processes, but a unilateral shift towards an 'oxidative' or 'reductive' trait will alter intracellular redox milieu. Typically, such an event influences the structure and the native function of a cell or an organelle. Numerous experimental research and clinical trials over the last 6 decades have demonstrated that enhanced oxygen-derived free radicals constitute a major stimulus to trigger damage in several human diseases, including cardiovascular complications supporting the theory of oxidative stress (OS). However, until our key discovery, the dynamic interrelationship between "Reductive Stress (RS)" and cardiac health has been obscured by overwhelming OS studies (Rajasekaran et al., 2007). Notably, this seminal finding spurred considerable interest in investigations of other mechanistic insights, and thus far the results indicate a similar or stronger role for RS, as that of OS. In addition, from our own findings we strongly believe that constitutive activation of pathways that enable sustained generation of reducing equivalents of glutathione (GSH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) will cause RS and impair the basal cellular signaling mechanisms operating through harmless pro-oxidative events, in turn, disrupting single and/or a combination of key cellular processes such as growth, maturation, differentiation, survival, death etc., that govern healthy cell physiology. Here, we have discussed the role of RS as a causal or contributing factor in relevant pathophysiology of a major cardiac disease of human origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2180, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2180, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dell’agli M, Di Lorenzo C, Badea M, Sangiovanni E, Dima L, Bosisio E, Restani P. Plant Food Supplements with Anti-Inflammatory Properties: A Systematic Review (I). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 53:403-13. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.682123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dell’agli
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Mihaela Badea
- b Faculty of Medicine , Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Nicolae Balcescu 56 , Brasov , Romania
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Lorena Dima
- b Faculty of Medicine , Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Nicolae Balcescu 56 , Brasov , Romania
| | - Enrica Bosisio
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Patrizia Restani
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2012:CD007176. [PMID: 22419320 PMCID: PMC8407395 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007176.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our systematic review has demonstrated that antioxidant supplements may increase mortality. We have now updated this review. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the Science Citation Index Expanded, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science to February 2011. We scanned bibliographies of relevant publications and asked pharmaceutical companies for additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all primary and secondary prevention randomised clinical trials on antioxidant supplements (beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) versus placebo or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three authors extracted data. Random-effects and fixed-effect model meta-analyses were conducted. Risk of bias was considered in order to minimise the risk of systematic errors. Trial sequential analyses were conducted to minimise the risk of random errors. Random-effects model meta-regression analyses were performed to assess sources of intertrial heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS Seventy-eight randomised trials with 296,707 participants were included. Fifty-six trials including 244,056 participants had low risk of bias. Twenty-six trials included 215,900 healthy participants. Fifty-two trials included 80,807 participants with various diseases in a stable phase. The mean age was 63 years (range 18 to 103 years). The mean proportion of women was 46%. Of the 78 trials, 46 used the parallel-group design, 30 the factorial design, and 2 the cross-over design. All antioxidants were administered orally, either alone or in combination with vitamins, minerals, or other interventions. The duration of supplementation varied from 28 days to 12 years (mean duration 3 years; median duration 2 years). Overall, the antioxidant supplements had no significant effect on mortality in a random-effects model meta-analysis (21,484 dead/183,749 (11.7%) versus 11,479 dead/112,958 (10.2%); 78 trials, relative risk (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.05) but significantly increased mortality in a fixed-effect model (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05). Heterogeneity was low with an I(2)- of 12%. In meta-regression analysis, the risk of bias and type of antioxidant supplement were the only significant predictors of intertrial heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis did not find a significant difference in the estimated intervention effect in the primary prevention and the secondary prevention trials. In the 56 trials with a low risk of bias, the antioxidant supplements significantly increased mortality (18,833 dead/146,320 (12.9%) versus 10,320 dead/97,736 (10.6%); RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07). This effect was confirmed by trial sequential analysis. Excluding factorial trials with potential confounding showed that 38 trials with low risk of bias demonstrated a significant increase in mortality (2822 dead/26,903 (10.5%) versus 2473 dead/26,052 (9.5%); RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15). In trials with low risk of bias, beta-carotene (13,202 dead/96,003 (13.8%) versus 8556 dead/77,003 (11.1%); 26 trials, RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) and vitamin E (11,689 dead/97,523 (12.0%) versus 7561 dead/73,721 (10.3%); 46 trials, RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05) significantly increased mortality, whereas vitamin A (3444 dead/24,596 (14.0%) versus 2249 dead/16,548 (13.6%); 12 trials, RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.18), vitamin C (3637 dead/36,659 (9.9%) versus 2717 dead/29,283 (9.3%); 29 trials, RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.07), and selenium (2670 dead/39,779 (6.7%) versus 1468 dead/22,961 (6.4%); 17 trials, RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.03) did not significantly affect mortality. In univariate meta-regression analysis, the dose of vitamin A was significantly associated with increased mortality (RR 1.0006, 95% CI 1.0002 to 1.001, P = 0.002). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention. Beta-carotene and vitamin E seem to increase mortality, and so may higher doses of vitamin A. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered as medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bjelakovic
- Department of InternalMedicine,Medical Faculty, University ofNis,Nis, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Behr GA, Schnorr CE, Moreira JCF. Increased blood oxidative stress in experimental menopause rat model: the effects of vitamin A low-dose supplementation upon antioxidant status in bilateral ovariectomized rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:235-49. [PMID: 21226757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Menopause has been reported to be associated with increased oxidative stress and metabolic disorders among women worldwide. Disarrangements in the redox state similar to those observed in women during the decline of ovarian hormonal activity can be obtained experimentally through rat bilateral ovariectomy. The search for alternative treatments to improve life quality in postmenopausal woman is really important. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and oxidative stress parameters that distinguish sham-operated female rats from Wistar rats bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX). Additionally, we have also investigated the effects of retinol palmitate (a vitamin A supplement) low-dose supplementation (500 or 1500 IU/kg/day, during 30 days) upon blood and plasma antioxidant status in OVX rats. Ovariectomy caused an increase in body weight gain, pronounced uterine atrophy, decreased plasma triglycerides and increased total cholesterol levels, and reduced acid uric content. Moreover, we found increased blood peroxidase activities (catalase and glutathione peroxidase), decreased plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses total reactive antioxidant potential and total antioxidant reactivity, decreased protein and non-protein SH levels, accompanied by increased protein oxidative damage (carbonyl). In addition, vitamin A low-dose supplementation was capable to ameliorate antioxidant status in OVX rats, restoring both enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses, promoting reduction in plasma SH content, and decreasing protein oxidative damage levels. This is the first work in the literature showing that vitamin A at low dose may be beneficial in the treatment of menopause symptoms. Further studies will be made to better understand the effects of vitamin A supplementation in menopause rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Antônio Behr
- Center of Oxidative Stress Research, Professor Tuiskon Dick Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD007176. [PMID: 18425980 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and physiological research as well as observational studies suggest that antioxidant supplements may improve survival. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of antioxidant supplements on mortality in primary or secondary prevention randomised clinical trials. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2005), EMBASE (1985 to October 2005), and the Science Citation Index Expanded (1945 to October 2005). We scanned bibliographies of relevant publications and wrote to pharmaceutical companies for additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all primary and secondary prevention randomised clinical trials on antioxidant supplements (beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) versus placebo or no intervention. Included participants were either healthy (primary prevention trials) or had any disease (secondary prevention trials). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three authors extracted data. Trials with adequate randomisation, blinding, and follow-up were classified as having a low risk of bias. Random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses were performed. Random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed to assess sources of intertrial heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS Sixty-seven randomised trials with 232,550 participants were included. Forty-seven trials including 180,938 participants had low risk of bias. Twenty-one trials included 164,439 healthy participants. Forty-six trials included 68111 participants with various diseases (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological, ocular, dermatological, rheumatoid, renal, endocrinological, or unspecified). Overall, the antioxidant supplements had no significant effect on mortality in a random-effects meta-analysis (relative risk [RR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99 to 1.06), but significantly increased mortality in a fixed-effect model (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06). In meta-regression analysis, the risk of bias and type of antioxidant supplement were the only significant predictors of intertrial heterogeneity. In the trials with a low risk of bias, the antioxidant supplements significantly increased mortality (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08). When the different antioxidants were assessed separately, analyses including trials with a low risk of bias and excluding selenium trials found significantly increased mortality by vitamin A (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.24), beta-carotene (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11), and vitamin E (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), but no significant detrimental effect of vitamin C (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20). Low-bias risk trials on selenium found no significant effect on mortality (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.09). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention. Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamin E may increase mortality. Future randomised trials could evaluate the potential effects of vitamin C and selenium for primary and secondary prevention. Such trials should be closely monitored for potential harmful effects. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bjelakovic
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Department 3344,Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark, DK-2100.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Azadbakht L, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Esmaillzadeh A, Hu FB, Willett WC. Dietary soya intake alters plasma antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:807-13. [PMID: 17506931 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507746871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome are at high risk of oxidative stress. Several studies have suggested possible antioxidant properties of soya, but little evidence is available regarding the effect of soya on oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of soya consumption on plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. A randomised cross-over trial was undertaken on forty-two postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a control (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; DASH) diet, a soya protein diet, or a soya nut diet, each for 8 weeks. Red meat in the DASH diet (one serving per d) was replaced by soya protein in the soya protein period and by soya nuts in the soya nut period. Significant differences between the end values of the control diet, soya protein diet and soya nut diet were seen for MDA (0.70, 0.64 and 0.63 mumol/l; global P < 0.01). The results also showed a significant difference between the end values for TAC (1950, 2030 and 2110 mumol/l, respectively; P < 0.01). The difference from control for TAC was +4.5 % (P < 0.01) in the soya nut period and +5.8 % (P < 0.01) in the soya protein regimen. Both soya nuts and soya protein decreased MDA significantly compared with the control diet (difference from control was - 7.9 % (P < 0.01) in the soya nut period and - 9.4 % (P < 0.01) in the soya protein diet). We conclude that soya consumption reduces plasma MDA and increases plasma TAC levels in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, PO Box 81745, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brighenti F, Valtueña S, Pellegrini N, Ardigò D, Del Rio D, Salvatore S, Piatti P, Serafini M, Zavaroni I. Total antioxidant capacity of the diet is inversely and independently related to plasma concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in adult Italian subjects. Br J Nutr 2007; 93:619-25. [PMID: 15975160 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is associated with low plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins. In addition to vitamins, other antioxidants modulate the synthesis of inflammatory markers in vitro and contribute to the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of a diet. However, the relationship between dietary TAC and markers of inflammation has never been evaluated in vivo. We investigated the relationship between dietary TAC and markers of systemic (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leucocytes) and vascular (soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1) inflammation in 243 non-diabetic subjects. General Linear Model (GLM) analysis showed a significant (P=0·005) inverse relationship between hs-CRP and quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary TAC, even when recognized modulating factors of inflammation, namely alcohol, fibre, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, BMI, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, hypertension, insulin sensitivity and plasma β-carotene, were included in the model as covariates (P=0·004). The relationship was stronger for subjects with hypertension (P=0·013 v. P=0·109 for normotensive individuals). Among dietary factors, TAC was significantly higher (5·3 (sd 3·0) v. 4·9 (sd 2·7) mmol Trolox/d; P=0·026) in subjects with low plasma hs-CRP (range: 0·0–4·1 mg/l) than in subjects with high plasma hs-CRP (range: 4·2–27·8 mg/l). We conclude that dietary TAC is inversely and independently correlated with plasma concentrations of hs-CRP and this could be one of the mechanisms explaining the protective effects against CVD of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruits, whole cereals and red wine. This could be of particular significance for subjects with high blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furio Brighenti
- Department of Public Health, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miquel J, Ramírez-Boscá A, Ramírez-Bosca JV, Alperi JD. Menopause: a review on the role of oxygen stress and favorable effects of dietary antioxidants. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2006; 42:289-306. [PMID: 16442644 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is often accompanied by hot flashes and degenerative processes such as arteriosclerosis and atrophic changes of the skin that suggest an acceleration of aging triggered by estrogen lack. Therefore, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been considered the most suitable treatment for the above symptoms and processes. However, because of the possible serious side effects of HRT (especially the increased risk of thrombo-embolic accidents and breast cancer) there is a growing demand for alternative treatments of the symptoms and pathological processes associated with menopause. In agreement with the above, we review research that supports the concept that oxygen stress contributes to menopause and that some of its physiopathological effects may be prevented and/or treated improving the antioxidant defense of menopausic and postmenopausic women. Accordingly, a selection of micronutrients may be useful as a dietary supplement for protection against the decline of physiological functions caused by age-related oxygen stress. Since aging is accompanied by a progressive oxidation of the physiological sulfur pool, we emphasize the role of the vitamins B that help to maintain the GSH/GSSG ratio in its normal reduced state. Nutritional supplements should also include the key antioxidant vitamins C and E, as well as beta-carotene and the mineral micronutrients found in the oxygen radical-detoxifying enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the reviewed data suport the concept that other antioxidants such as lipoic acid and the precursors of glutathione thioproline (TP) and l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC), as well as the soy isoflavones and the "coantioxidants" of an hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma longa may help to prevent antioxidant deficiency with resulting protection of mitochondria against premature oxidative damage with loss of ATP synthesis and especialized cellular functions. Therefore, the administration under medical advice of synergistic combinations of some of the above mentioned antioxidants in the diet as well as topically (for skin protection) may have favorable effects on the health and quality of life of women, especially of those who cannot be treated with HR, suffer high levels of oxygen stress, and do not consume a healthy diet that includes five daily rations of fresh fruit and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Miquel
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, San Vicente, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Engelman HM, Alekel DL, Hanson LN, Kanthasamy AG, Reddy MB. Blood lipid and oxidative stress responses to soy protein with isoflavones and phytic acid in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:590-6. [PMID: 15755827 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women are at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a result of unfavorable blood lipid profiles and increased oxidative stress. Soy protein consumption may help protect against these risk factors. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to ascertain the effect of the soy protein components isoflavones and phytate on CVD risk in postmenopausal women. DESIGN In a double-blind 6-wk study, 55 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with soy protein (40 g/d) isolate (SPI): low phytate/low isoflavone (LP/LI); normal phytate/low isoflavone (NP/LI); low phytate/normal isoflavone (LP/NI); or normal phytate/normal isoflavone (NP/NI). Blood lipids (total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol) and oxidative stress indexes (protein carbonyls, oxidized LDLs, and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2alpha)) were measured at baseline and 6 wk. RESULTS The oxidative stress indexes were not significantly affected by either phytate or isoflavones. Phytate treatment had a minimal but nonsignificant effect in reducing protein carbonyls and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2alpha); the reductions were 6-8% and 4-6% in the NP/LI and NP/NI groups and 1-4% and 3-4% in the LP/LI and LP/NI groups, respectively. Similarly, circulating lipids were not significantly affected by either phytate or isoflavones. The decline in total (6%-7% compared with 2%-4%) and LDL (10%-11% compared with 3%-7%) cholesterol did not differ significantly between the normal- and low-isoflavone groups, respectively. CONCLUSION In postmenopausal women, neither phytate nor isoflavones in SPI have a significant effect of reducing oxidative damage or favorably altering blood lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Engelman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Center for Designing Foods to Improve Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schoppen S, Pérez-Granados AM, Carbajal A, Oubiña P, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Gómez-Gerique JA, Vaquero MP. A sodium-rich carbonated mineral water reduces cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2004; 134:1058-63. [PMID: 15113945 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.5.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of consuming a sodium-rich carbonated mineral water on lipoprotein metabolism and to determine whether consumption of this water influences endothelial dysfunction (ED) in postmenopausal women. Women included in the study were amenorrheic (>1 y), healthy, and not obese (BMI < 30 kg/m(2)). The subjects did not take estrogen replacement therapy; supplements of vitamins, minerals, and phytoestrogens; or other medications known to affect bone and lipid metabolism. The study consisted of 2 intervention periods of 2 mo each, during which women drank 1 L/d of a control mineral water (low mineral content) for 2 mo followed by the carbonated mineral water, rich in sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride, for 2 mo. Body weight, height, and blood pressure were measured, and BMI was calculated. Blood samples were taken from fasting subjects and serum was analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B, soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and glucose. Blood pressure levels did not change throughout the study. Carbonated water intake decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels by 6.8% (P = 0.001) and 14.8% (P < 0.0001), respectively, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration increased by 8.7% (P = 0.018), compared to the control period. Therefore, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk indexes (total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) were markedly reduced (both P < 0.0001). Soluble ICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels decreased by 8.4% (P = 0.007) and 14.8% (P = 0.015), respectively. Fasting serum glucose concentration decreased by 6.7% (P < 0.0001). Triacylglycerol levels did not change. Consumption of this sodium rich carbonated water can play a beneficial role in the prevention of CVD and the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schoppen
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rayment SJ, Shaw J, Woollard KJ, Lunec J, Griffiths HR. Vitamin C supplementation in normal subjects reduces constitutive ICAM-1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 308:339-45. [PMID: 12901874 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of monocyte adhesion molecule gene expression is via redox sensitive transcription factors. We have investigated whether dietary antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C (250 mg/day) can modulate monocyte ICAM-1 expression in healthy male subjects with low plasma vitamin C at baseline. In a randomised, double-blind, crossover study, monocyte ICAM-1 mRNA was analysed using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Protein was determined by flow cytometry (monocytes) and ELISA (plasma). Monocyte numbers were unaltered by supplementation. Subjects with low plasma vitamin C (<50 microM) prior to supplementation expressed higher levels of monocyte ICAM-1mRNA, and showed a significant (50%) reduction in ICAM-1mRNA expression after 6 weeks of 250 mg/day vitamin C supplementation (p<0.05). This was paralleled by a reduction in sICAM-1 (p<0.05). For the first time, these results show that dietary vitamin C can modulate monocyte ICAM-1 gene expression in vivo, where regulation of gene expression represents a novel mechanism for benefit from dietary antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Rayment
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Forsey RJ, Thompson JM, Ernerudh J, Hurst TL, Strindhall J, Johansson B, Nilsson BO, Wikby A. Plasma cytokine profiles in elderly humans. Mech Ageing Dev 2003; 124:487-93. [PMID: 12714257 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(03)00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is known that as we age, immune dysregulation often occurs, leading to failing health, and increased susceptibility to a number of different diseases. In this study we have investigated plasma cytokine profiles in order to identify immune markers of ageing. Plasma samples were obtained from 138 participants of the Swedish longitudinal NONA study (aged 86, 90 and 94 years) and 18 healthy Swedish volunteers (aged between 32 and 59 years). Our results show significantly increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (P<0.0001) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (P<0.0001) in the elderly group. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 did not alter with age whereas active (naturally processed) transforming growth factor-beta levels were significantly (P<0.0001) increased in the elderly group. No difference was observed between males and females. These data suggest that there are measurable changes in cytokine profiles with ageing with increased levels of potentially harmful molecules, which may contribute to immune alterations and declining health in the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Forsey
- Unilever Research, Colworth House, MK44 1LQ, Sharnbrook, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antioxidants and Endothelial Function: Therapeutic Implications. Intensive Care Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5551-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Goudev A, Georgiev D, Atar D, Kehayov I, Kyurkchiev S. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cardiovascular Pathology – A Glance into the Future? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1159/000048964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|