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Mitsopoulou T, Kasvikis Y, Koumantanou L, Giaglis G, Skapinakis P, Mavreas V. Manualized single-session behavior treatment with self-help manual for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Psychother Res 2019; 30:776-787. [PMID: 31510890 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2019.1663956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We examined the clinical feasibility and utility of a single behavior treatment session, with 11 patients with Panic Disorder with or without Agoraphobia (PD+/-AG). Patients used an individualized, exposure based, homework manual, derived from their behavioral analysis. Treatment was implemented in an outpatient behavior treatment unit. Method: Patients presented with moderate to severe anxiety, avoidance behavior, functional impairment and depressive symptoms. Treatment was evaluated with a double-baseline case series/pre-post design with four follow-ups. Results: There was a significant and steady improvement in all self-rated outcome measures and participants were satisfied with the services provided. Nine out of 11 patients (82%) were free of PD+/-AG at 3 months and all patients at 1-year follow-up. The absence of a control group, the small sample and lack of blind assessments, limit the validity of the study. Conclusions: These case studies provide empirical evidence in support of both the feasibility and utility of a single-session behavior treatment (SSBT) plus self-help implemented in a public mental health unit. Further research with a control group is needed to assess the efficacy of the intervention in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titika Mitsopoulou
- Behaviour Therapy Unit, Hellenic Center of Mental Health and Research, Athens, Greece.,Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kasvikis
- Behaviour Therapy Unit, Hellenic Center of Mental Health and Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Lia Koumantanou
- Behaviour Therapy Unit, Hellenic Center of Mental Health and Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Giaglis
- School of Psychology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Skapinakis
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Venetsanos Mavreas
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Wechsler TF, Kümpers F, Mühlberger A. Inferiority or Even Superiority of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Phobias?-A Systematic Review and Quantitative Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials Specifically Comparing the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure to Gold Standard in vivo Exposure in Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, and Social Phobia. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1758. [PMID: 31551840 PMCID: PMC6746888 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Convincing evidence on Virtual Reality (VR) exposure for phobic anxiety disorders has been reported, however, the benchmark and golden standard for phobia treatment is in vivo exposure. For direct treatment comparisons, the control of confounding variables is essential. Therefore, the comparison of VR and in vivo exposure in studies applying an equivalent amount of exposure in both treatments is necessary. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of reports published until June 2019. Inclusion criteria covered the diagnosis of Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, or Agoraphobia, and a randomized-controlled design with an equivalent amount of exposure in VR and in vivo. We qualitatively reviewed participants' characteristics, materials, and the treatment procedures of all included studies. For quantitative synthesis, we calculated Hedges' g effect sizes for the treatment effects of VR exposure, in vivo exposure, and the comparison of VR to in vivo exposure in all studies and separately for studies on each diagnosis. Results: Nine studies (n = 371) were included, four on Specific Phobia, three on Social Phobia, and two on Agoraphobia. VR and in vivo exposure both showed large, significant effect sizes. The comparison of VR to in vivo exposure revealed a small, but non-significant effect size favoring in vivo (g = -0.20). Specifically, effect sizes for Specific Phobia (g = -0.15) and Agoraphobia (g = -0.01) were non-significant, only for Social Phobia we found a significant effect size favoring in vivo (g = -0.50). Except for Agoraphobia, effect sizes varied across studies from favoring VR to favoring in vivo exposure. Conclusions: We found no evidence that VR exposure is significantly less efficacious than in vivo exposure in Specific Phobia and Agoraphobia. The wide range of study specific effect sizes, especially in Social Phobia, indicates a high potential of VR, but also points to the need for a deeper investigation and empirical examination of relevant working mechanisms. In Social Phobia, a combination of VR exposure with cognitive interventions and the realization of virtual social interactions targeting central fears might be advantageous. Considering the advantages of VR exposure, its dissemination should be emphasized. Improvements in technology and procedures might even yield superior effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa F. Wechsler
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Breuninger C, Tuschen-Caffier B, Svaldi J. Dysfunctional cognition and self-efficacy as mediators of symptom change in exposure therapy for agoraphobia – Systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther 2019; 120:103443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hoferichter E, Schmidt R, Höfler M, Hoyer J, Rottstädt F, Weidner K, Noack R. Symptombezogene Subgruppen von Patienten mit agoraphobischer Angst. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bisher ist wenig über symptombezogene Teilgruppen von Patient_innen mit agoraphobischer Angst über die Betrachtung als mit oder ohne Panikstörung hinausgehend bekannt. So sind existierende Behandlungsprogramme meist nicht modularisiert und berücksichtigen die möglicherweise vorhandenen spezifischen Bedarfe kaum. Daher untersuchten wir die Frage, welche Subgruppen anhand von symptombezogenen Variablen identifiziert werden können. Methode: N = 290 Patient_innen mit SKID-Diagnose Agoraphobie mit oder ohne Panikstörung, in einer auf die Behandlung von Angststörungen spezialisierten universitären Tagesklinik, wurden anhand von Skalenwerten des Fragebogens zu angstbezogenen Kognitionen (ACQ) sowie der Panik- und Agoraphobie-Skala (PAS) mittels einer Clusteranalyse nach dem Ward-Verfahren mit anschließender k-means-Optimierung nach inhaltlicher Interpretierbarkeit gruppiert. Die Validität wurde am externen Kriterium „Therapieerfolg“ geprüft. Ergebnisse: Neben zwei Subgruppen mit sehr hoher ( n = 67) und sehr niedriger ( n = 56) Symptomausprägung auf sämtlichen Skalen, wurden zwei qualitativ-symptomatisch differentielle Subtypen identifiziert: der Typus „Körperliche Befürchtungen“ ( n = 81) und der Typus „Verhaltenskontrollverlust“ ( n = 86). Letztere zeigten keine Unterschiede im Therapieerfolg. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Identifikation spezifischer Patient_innengruppen impliziert spezifische Therapiebedarfe und -erwartungen über das Vorliegen einer Paniksymptomatik hinaus. Es zeigte sich, dass der individuellen agoraphobischen Befürchtung bei den unterschiedlichen Patient_innengruppen besondere Bedeutung zukommt, weswegen diese bei der Therapieplanung besondere Beachtung erfahren sollte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hoferichter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Ruth Schmidt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Michael Höfler
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Jürgen Hoyer
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Fabian Rottstädt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - René Noack
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
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Raeder F, Merz CJ, Tegenthoff M, Wolf OT, Margraf J, Zlomuzica A. Post-exposure cortisol administration does not augment the success of exposure therapy: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:174-182. [PMID: 30245330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol administration prior to treatment can promote the efficacy of exposure-based treatments in specific phobia: cortisol has been proposed to reduce fear retrieval at the beginning of exposure and to enhance the acquisition and consolidation of corrective information learned during exposure. Whether cortisol exerts a beneficial therapeutic effect when given after exposure, e.g., by targeting the consolidation of new corrective information, has not been addressed so far to date. Here, we examined whether post-exposure cortisol administration promotes fear reduction and reduces return of fear following contextual change in specific phobia. Furthermore, the effect of cortisol on return of fear following contextual change (i.e., contextual renewal) was assessed. Patients with spider phobia (N = 43) were treated with a single session of in-vivo exposure, followed by cortisol administration (20 mg hydrocortisone) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study design. Return of fear was assessed with behavioral approach tests (BATs) in the familiar therapy context (versus a novel unfamiliar context) at one-month and seven-month follow-up assessment. Exposure was effective in reducing fear from pre-treatment to post-treatment (i.e., 24 h after exposure) on fear-related behavioral (approach behavior during the BAT), psychophysiological (heart rate during the BAT) and subjective (fear during the BAT, spider-fear related questionnaires) measures of therapeutic outcome, with no add-on benefit of cortisol administration. Cortisol had no effect on contextual renewal at one-month follow-up. However, in a subsample (N = 21) that returned to the seven-month follow-up, an adverse effect of cortisol on fear renewal was found, with cortisol-treated patients showing an increase in subjective fear at the final approach distance of the BAT from post-treatment to seven-month follow-up. These and previous findings underline the importance of considering the exact timing of cortisol application when used as an add-on treatment for extinction-based psychotherapy: post-exposure cortisol administration does not seem to be effective, but might promote fear renewal at the subjective level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Raeder
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian J Merz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Armin Zlomuzica
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Pyrkosch L, Mumm J, Alt I, Fehm L, Fydrich T, Plag J, Ströhle A. Learn to forget: Does post-exposure administration of d-cycloserine enhance fear extinction in agoraphobia? J Psychiatr Res 2018; 105:153-163. [PMID: 30237105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of d-cycloserine (DCS) to augment exposure based therapy for anxiety disorders has shown mixed, although overall positive effects. Aim of the present study was to examine post-exposure administration of DCS in patients with agoraphobia with or without panic disorder. 73 patients with agoraphobia (with or without panic disorder) were treated with 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including 3 exposures. Following successful exposure patients were given double blind either placebo or 50 mg of DCS. Primary outcome criterion was change in the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) between CBT session t1, t4 (+∼2 months), t10 (+∼3 months) und t11 (+∼4 months). During the course of CBT the patients' symptomatology decreased significantly as measured by primary and secondary outcome criteria, however, without an additional benefit for DCS treated patients. Exploratory sub-group analyses for severely ill patients and patients with high anxiety and strong habituation during exposure showed that DCS administration was associated with increased improvement during the 1-month follow-up period (t10 - t11) with medium to large effect sizes (range in effect size η2p from .06 to .25). Our study results are consistent with recent research on DCS, indicating a beneficial augmentative effect for sub-groups of anxiety patients. The lack of an overall DCS effect for the whole patient sample might be explained by a dual mechanism in fear conditioning and extinction with different cognitive processes being involved during exposure depending on the degree of anxiety experienced by the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pyrkosch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Germany.
| | - J Mumm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Germany.
| | - I Alt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Germany.
| | - L Fehm
- Centre of Psychotherapy at the Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - T Fydrich
- Centre of Psychotherapy at the Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Plag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Germany.
| | - A Ströhle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Germany.
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Noack R, Schmidt R, Lorenz T, Rottstaedt F, Beiling P, Schurig S, Ritschel G, Weidner K. Intensive Expositionsbehandlung bei Angststörungen in einem spezialisierten tagesklinischen Versorgungssetting. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000492193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Becker S, Witthöft M, Klan T. Überzeugungen von Therapeuten in Bezug auf Exposition: Entwicklung einer deutschen Version der Therapist Beliefs about Exposure Scale. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000479890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Preusser F, Margraf J, Zlomuzica A. Generalization of Extinguished Fear to Untreated Fear Stimuli after Exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2545-2552. [PMID: 28589965 PMCID: PMC5686487 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure therapy is highly effective in treating excessive fear related to specific objects and/or situations. However, patients with anxiety disorders often display a generalization of fear responses toward conceptually and perceptually related stimuli and situations. It is unclear whether the beneficial effects of exposure on fear reduction toward treated fear stimuli can extend to untreated fear stimuli. Here, we investigated whether basic principles of extinction generalization apply to exposure. Spider-phobic participants were randomly assigned to either two sessions of exposure treatment (n=23) with spiders or no-treatment (n=24). Prior to and after treatment, behavioral approach tests (BATs) were conducted to examine avoidance, fear and disgust responses toward the treated phobic stimulus (spider as the extinction stimulus). Likewise, BATs with the untreated fear stimulus (cockroach) were conducted to dissect the generalization of treatment effects. Treatment was highly effective in increasing approach behavior toward both treated and untreated fear stimuli. Generalization of treatment effects were evident on the behavioral (approach distance during the BAT), subjective (fear levels during the BAT) and psychophysiological level (heart rate during the BAT). However, a stronger decline in disgust was only evident for the treated fear stimulus. Notably, the herein attained generalization effects were not context-dependent. Hence, exposure therapy for spider phobia was effective in reducing fear of untreated stimuli which share common fear-evoking characteristics with spiders but were never presented during the respective exposure treatment. These findings provide clinical evidence for extinction generalization across different fear-evoking stimuli mediated via exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Preusser
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Armin Zlomuzica
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Neudeck P, Brahm CI, Hamm AO. Transdiagnostische expositionsbasierte Behandlung von Angststörungen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Neben störungsspezifischen Behandlungskonzepten werden in den letzten Jahren vermehrt transdiagnostische Behandlungsmanuale in der expositionsbasierten Behandlung von Ängsten und komorbiden Störungen eingesetzt. Die vorliegende narrative systematische Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt den Stand der Forschung zu transdiagnostischen Behandlungskonzepten in Hinsicht auf Angst- und komorbide Störungen. Methode: Die Literaturrecherche und die Datenanalyse wurden angelehnt an die PRISMA Guidelines vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse von 17 Untersuchungen zu expositionsbasierten transdiagnostischen Behandlungskonzepten der letzten fünfzehn Jahre werden beschrieben. Ergebnisse: Die Resultate der referierten Studien zeigen, dass expositionsbasierte transdiagnostische Behandlungen die Symptome, sowohl der primären als auch der komorbiden Störungen, signifikant reduzieren. Expositionsbasierte transdiagnostische Konzepte sind effektiv zur Behandlungen von Angststörungen und komorbider Störungen. Sie stellen eine geeignete Alternative zu störungsspezifischen Behandlungen dar. Diskussion: Die Implikationen transdiagnostischer Konzepte für das praktische Vorgehen bei der individualisierten Diagnostik, der Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Expositionen werden erörtert. Schließlich werden Vorschläge für die Konzeptualisierung einer störungsübergreifenden Behandlung von Angststörungen, insbesondere solcher mit komorbider Symptomatik, vorgestellt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfons O. Hamm
- Institut für Psychologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
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Pittig A, Hoyer J. Exposition aus Sicht niedergelassener Verhaltenstherapeutinnen und Verhaltenstherapeuten. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Expositionsbasierte Interventionen gehören zu den wirksamsten Methoden bei der Behandlung von Angststörungen. Dennoch legen vergangene Studien nahe, dass Exposition in der verhaltenstherapeutischen Routinepraxis nur selten eingesetzt wird. Barrieren, die eine Anwendung verhindern, wurden bisher nicht systematisch erfasst. Fragestellung und Methode: Hauptziel dieser Studie war eine praxis-orientierte Erhebung systemischer Barrieren und Veränderungswünschen bei der Anwendung von Exposition aus Sicht ambulant tätiger Verhaltenstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten. Mittels postalischer Befragung wurden diese Barrieren sowie die Anwendungshäufigkeit von expositionsbasierten Interventionen erfasst (N = 684). Ergebnisse: Gemäß Selbstbericht wurde bei weniger als der Hälfte der Behandlungen von Angststörungen eine Form der Exposition eingesetzt (46.8 %), wobei die Anwendungshäufigkeit stark zwischen den Behandelnden variierte. Exposition wurde hauptsächlich in der eigenen Praxis, durchschnittlich für eine Dauer von einer Stunde und mit einer wöchentlichen bis zweiwöchentlichen Frequenz eingesetzt. Eine häufigere Anwendung war mit jüngerem Alter, weniger Berufsjahren und mehr expositionsspezifischen Aus- und Weiterbildungsstunden assoziiert. Systemische Barrieren bezogen sich besonders auf finanzielle Aspekte und das Aufwand-Vergütungsverhältnis, Unklarheiten bezüglich Versicherungs- und Abrechnungsaspekten, sowie das begrenzte Stundenkontingent. Schlussfolgerung: Exposition bei Angststörungen scheint nicht so häufig und intensiv eingesetzt zu werden, wie in aktuellen evidenzbasierten Leitlinien empfohlen wird. Diverse systemische Barrieren erschweren die Anwendung in der ambulanten Routineversorgung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Pittig
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Jürgen Hoyer
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden
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Rudaz M, Ledermann T, Margraf J, Becker ES, Craske MG. The moderating role of avoidance behavior on anxiety over time: Is there a difference between social anxiety disorder and specific phobia? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180298. [PMID: 28671977 PMCID: PMC5495400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories of anxiety disorders and phobias have ascribed a critical role to avoidance behavior in explaining the persistence of fear and anxiety, but knowledge about the role of avoidance behavior in the maintenance of anxiety in social anxiety disorder relative to specific phobia is lacking. This study examined the extent to which avoidance behavior moderates the relationship between general anxiety at baseline and 18 months later in women with a diagnosed social anxiety disorder (n = 91) and women with a diagnosed specific phobia (n = 130) at baseline. Circumscribed avoidance of social and specific situations were clinician-rated using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Lifetime (ADIS-IV-L), and general anxiety was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Moderated regression analyses revealed that (a) general anxiety at baseline predicted general anxiety at follow-up in both women with a specific phobia and women with a social anxiety disorder and (b) avoidance behavior moderated this relationship in women with a specific phobia but not in women with a social anxiety disorder. Specifically, high avoidance behavior was found to amplify the effect between general anxiety at baseline and follow-up in specific phobia. Reasons for the absence of a similar moderating effect of avoidance behavior within social anxiety disorder are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Rudaz
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Ledermann
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eni S. Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michelle G. Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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A Comparison of Psychoanalytic Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety (Panic/Agoraphobia) and Personality Disorders (APD Study): Presentation of the RCT Study Design. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2017; 62:252-69. [PMID: 27594602 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2016.62.3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety disorders, most notably panic disorders and agoraphobia, are common mental disorders, and there is a high comorbidity with personality disorders. Randomized controlled trails addressing this highly relevant group of patients are missing. DESIGN The multicenter Anxiety and Personality Disorders (APD) study investigates 200 patients with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia with comorbid personality disorder in a randomized control-group comparison of psychoanalytic therapy (PT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), including 100 patients in each group. Each patient will be examined over a period of six years, regardless of the duration of the individual treatment. The main issues that are addressed in this study are the comparison of the efficacy of PT and CBT in this special patient population, the comparison of the sustainability of the effects of PT and CBT, the comparison of the long-term cost-benefit-ratios of PT and CBT as well as the investigation of prescriptive patient characteristics for individualized treatment recommendations (differential indication). DISCUSSION The APD study compares efficacy, sustainability, and cost-benefit-ratios of CBT and PT for anxiety plus personality disorders in a randomized controlled trail. The study design meets the requirements for an efficacy study for PT, which were recently defined. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12449681.
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Weck F, Grikscheit F, Höfling V, Kordt A, Hamm AO, Gerlach AL, Alpers GW, Arolt V, Kircher T, Pauli P, Rief W, Lang T. The role of treatment delivery factors in exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 42:10-8. [PMID: 27235836 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment delivery factors (i.e., therapist adherence, therapist competence, and therapeutic alliance) are considered to be important for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG). In the current study, four independent raters conducted process evaluations based on 168 two-hour videotapes of 84 patients with PD/AG treated with exposure-based CBT. Two raters evaluated patients' interpersonal behavior in Session 1. Two raters evaluated treatment delivery factors in Session 6, in which therapists provided the rationale for conducting exposure exercises. At the 6-month follow-up, therapists' adherence (r=0.54) and therapeutic alliance (r=0.31) were significant predictors of changes in agoraphobic avoidance behavior; therapist competence was not associated with treatment outcomes. Patients' interpersonal behavior in Session 1 was a significant predictor of the therapeutic alliance in Session 6 (r=0.17). The findings demonstrate that treatment delivery factors, particularly therapist adherence, are relevant to the long-term success of CBT for PD/AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weck
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Florian Grikscheit
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volkmar Höfling
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anne Kordt
- Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alfons O Hamm
- Department of Psychology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Georg W Alpers
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lang
- Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology, Bremen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Teismann T, Forkmann T, Rath D, Glaesmer H, Margraf J. Perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation in adult outpatients receiving exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 2016; 85:1-5. [PMID: 27494708 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perceived burdensomeness is considered a proximal risk factor for suicide ideation. However, there is a lack of prospective studies. Furthermore, it is unclear in as much psychotherapy for anxiety disorders is associated with a decrease in suicide ideation. A total of 105 adult outpatients suffering from panic disorder, agoraphobia, or specific phobia received manualized exposure-therapy. Perceived burdensomeness was considered as predictor of suicide ideation concurrently, after the fourth and the tenth therapy session and posttreatment - controlling for baseline symptom distress, suicide ideation, number of therapy sessions and age. Furthermore, pre-to post-changes in suicide ideation and perceived burdensomeness were assessed. Perceived burdensomeness emerged as a significant predictor of suicidal ideation concurrently and after the fourth and the tenth therapy session, but not at the end of therapy. Treatment had no effect on suicide ideation and only a marginal effect on perceptions of burdensomeness. In conclusion, the current study highlights the importance of perceptions of burdensomeness in understanding suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Klan T, Persike M, Hiller W. Therapeutenbegleitete und patientengeleitete Exposition bei Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Exposition gilt als hoch wirksames Therapieelement in der Behandlung der Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie. Es ist jedoch weitgehend unklar, wie häufig und mit welchen Effekten verschiedene Modalitäten der Exposition (therapeutenbegleitet vs. patientengeleitet) in der Routineversorgung durchgeführt werden. Fragestellung: Es sollen Häufigkeit und Wirksamkeit der verschiedenen Durchführungsmodalitäten von Exposition in der Routinebehandlung der Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie untersucht werden. Methode: Bei N = 93 konsekutiven Patienten einer Hochschulambulanz mit der Hauptdiagnose Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie wurden Prä-Post-Veränderungen der Angstsymptomatik in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Expositionsmodalitäten erfasst. Die Auswirkungen von therapeutenbegleiteter und patientengeleiteter Exposition wurden getrennt für In-vivo-Exposition und interozeptive Exposition (IE) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Mit einer Kombination aus therapeutenbegleiteter und patientengeleiteter Exposition ließen sich tendenziell die besseren Therapieergebnisse erzielen, dieser Effekt ließ sich sowohl für die In-vivo-Exposition als auch für die IE nachweisen. Schlussfolgerung: Nach Möglichkeit sollten In-vivo-Exposition sowie IE sowohl therapeutenbegleitet als auch zusätzlich patientengeleitet (als selbständige Hausaufgabe) durchgeführt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Klan
- Psychologisches Institut, Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | - Malte Persike
- Psychologisches Institut, Abteilung Methodenlehre und Statistik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | - Wolfgang Hiller
- Psychologisches Institut, Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
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Schumacher S, Miller R, Fehm L, Kirschbaum C, Fydrich T, Ströhle A. Therapists' and patients' stress responses during graduated versus flooding in vivo exposure in the treatment of specific phobia: A preliminary observational study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:668-75. [PMID: 26545614 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure therapy is considered an effective treatment strategy for phobic anxiety, however, it is rarely applied in clinical practice. The under-usage might be due to various factors of which heightened stress levels not only in patients but also in therapists are presumed to be of particular relevance. The present study aimed to investigate whether different forms of exposure might lead to varying physiological and psychological stress responses in therapists and phobic patients. 25 patients with specific phobia underwent individual cognitive behavioural therapy, performed by 25 psychotherapist trainees, applying exposure sessions in graduated form or the flooding technique. Patients and therapists provided subjective evaluations of stress and five saliva samples for analysis of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase either during two graduated exposure sessions or during one flooding session, while a regular therapy session served as control condition. Therapists displayed heightened salivary alpha-amylase release during exposure of the flooding, but not the graduated, type. Patients showed elevated salivary cortisol during flooding exposure numerically, however, not on a statistically significant level. Therapists reported more pronounced subjective stress during flooding compared to graduated exposure. Elevated stress levels should be addressed in clinical training in order to improve application of exposure in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schumacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert Miller
- Department of Biopsychology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lydia Fehm
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Biopsychology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Fydrich
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Zlomuzica A, Preusser F, Schneider S, Margraf J. Increased perceived self-efficacy facilitates the extinction of fear in healthy participants. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:270. [PMID: 26528152 PMCID: PMC4607785 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-efficacy has been proposed as an important element of a successful cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT). Positive changes in perceived self-efficacy have been linked to an improved adaptive emotional and behavioral responding in the context of anxiety-provoking situations. Furthermore, a positive influence of increased self-efficacy on cognitive functions has been confirmed. The present study examined the effect of verbal persuasion on perceived self-efficacy and fear extinction. Healthy participants were subjected to a standardized differential fear conditioning paradigm. After fear acquisition, half of the participants received a verbal persuasion aimed at increasing perceived self-efficacy. The extinction of fear was assessed immediately thereafter on both the implicit and explicit level. Our results suggest that an increased perceived self-efficacy was associated with enhanced extinction, evidenced on the psychophysiological level and accompanied by more pronounced decrements in conditioned negative valence. Changes in extinction were not due to a decrease in overall emotional reactivity to conditioned stimuli (CS). In addition, debriefing participants about the false positive feedback did not affect the processing of already extinguished conditioned responses during a subsequent continued extinction phase. Our results suggest that positive changes in perceived self-efficacy can be beneficial for emotional learning. Findings are discussed with respect to strategies aimed at increasing extinction learning in the course of exposure-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zlomuzica
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Friederike Preusser
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Klan T, Jasper F, Hiller W. Predictors of the application of exposure in vivo in the treatment of agoraphobia in an outpatient clinic: An exploratory approach. Psychother Res 2015; 27:64-73. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1072284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Grikscheit F, Lang T, Kordt A, Helbig-Lang S, Geisler K, Weck F. Entwicklung und Validierung von Instrumenten zur Überprüfung der therapeutischen Adhärenz und Kompetenz bei der Behandlung der Panikstörung. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Güte der Expositionsvorbereitung wird als wichtiger Faktor für die erfolgreiche Behandlung der Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie gesehen. Jedoch fehlt es an geeigneten Instrumenten, um dies zu untersuchen. Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie ist die Konstruktion und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung der Adhärenz und Kompetenz bei der Vorbereitung der Exposition. Methode: Vier Experten wurden zur Inhaltsvalidierung herangezogen. Die weitere Überprüfung der Reliabilität und Validität erfolgte auf der Basis von 84 psychotherapeutischen Behandlungen von Patienten mit Panikstörung und Agoraphobie. Ergebnisse: Die Adhärenz- und Kompetenzskala wiesen eine hohe Interratereliabilität auf und es zeigten sich deutliche Hinweise für deren Validität. Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwickelten Verfahren können sowohl in der klinischen Forschung, als auch in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Therapeuten sinnvoll eingesetzt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Grikscheit
- Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
| | - Thomas Lang
- Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie, Institut Bremen
| | - Anne Kordt
- Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie, Institut Bremen
| | | | - Kira Geisler
- Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie, Institut Bremen
| | - Florian Weck
- Abteilung Klinische Psychologie, Psychotherapie und Experimentelle Psychopathologie, Universität Mainz
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Empirically supported treatments for panic disorder with agoraphobia in a Spanish psychology clinic. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 17:E65. [PMID: 26054491 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (PD/Ag), as well as the characteristics of the treatment and its results and cost in a University Psychology Clinic. Fifty patients demanded psychological assistance for PD/Ag; 80% were women, with an average age of 29.22 years (SD = 9.03). Mean number of evaluation sessions was 3.26 (SD = 1.03), and of treatment sessions, 13.39 (SD = 9.237). Of the patients, 83.33% were discharged (that is, questionnaire scores were below the cut-off point indicated by the authors, and no PD/Ag was observed at readministration of the semistructured interview), 5.5% refused treatment, and 11% were dropouts. The average number of treatment sessions of patients who achieved therapeutic success was 15.13 (SD = 8.98). Effect sizes (d) greater than 1 were obtained in all the scales. Changes in all scales were significant (p < .05). The estimated cost of treatment for patients who achieved therapeutic success was 945.12€. The treatment results are at least similar to those of studies of efficacy and effectiveness for PD/Ag. The utility of generalizing treatments developed in research settings to a welfare clinic is discussed.
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22
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Klan T, Hiller W. Die Wirksamkeit einzelner Therapieelemente in Routinetherapien bei Panikstörung und Agoraphobie. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1159/000365404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Hans E, Hiller W. A meta-analysis of nonrandomized effectiveness studies on outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33:954-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lang T, Helbig-Lang S, Gloster AT, Richter J, Hamm AO, Fehm L, Fydrich T, Gerlach AL, Ströhle A, Alpers GW, Gauggel S, Kircher T, Deckert J, Höfler M, Arolt V, Wittchen HU. Effekte therapeutenbegleiteter versus patientengeleiteter Exposition bei Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Rolle der Therapeutenbegleitung während Expositionsübungen bei Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie (P/A) ist bislang ungeklärt. Eine kürzlich durchgeführte klinische Studie (MAC-Studie) lieferte Hinweise auf ein günstigeres Behandlungsergebnis bei Therapeutenbegleitung. Fragestellung: Wie lassen sich Effekte therapeutenbegleiteter Exposition (T+) im Vergleich zu Exposition ohne Therapeutenbegleitung (T–) erklären? Methode: Daten von 301 Patienten, die eine expositionsbasierte KVT mit bzw. ohne Therapeutenbegleitung erhalten hatten, wurden analysiert. Untersucht wurden der Einfluss der initialen Störungsschwere, des Sicherheitsverhaltens sowie differenzielle Effekte der Bedingungen auf die Angst vor der Angst. Zusätzlich wurde überprüft, inwieweit die Übungshäufigkeit in den Behandlungsbedingungen variiert und einen Mediator des Behandlungserfolgs darstellt. Ergebnisse: Störungsschwere und Sicherheitsverhalten zeigten keine differenziellen Effekte zwischen den Bedingungen; die T+ Bedingung führte jedoch zu stärkeren Reduktionen der Angst vor der Angst im Angstsensitivitätsindex. Patienten der T+ Bedingung führten häufiger selbständig Expositionsübungen durch, während Patienten in T– im Durchschnitt länger übten. Die Übungshäufigkeit stellte dabei einen Mediator des Behandlungserfolgs dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Günstigere Effekte einer therapeutenbegleiteten Exposition gehen auf stärkere Reduktionen der Angst vor der Angst sowie auf eine höhere Übungshäufigkeit im Selbstmanagement zurück.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lang
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie, Bremen
| | - Sylvia Helbig-Lang
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Hamburg
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Jan Richter
- Institut für Psychologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald
| | - Alfons O. Hamm
- Institut für Psychologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald
| | - Lydia Fehm
- Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt Universität Berlin
| | | | | | - Andreas Ströhle
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Georg W. Alpers
- Lehrstuhl Klinische und Biologische Psychologie, Universität Mannheim Institut für Psychologie, Universität Würzburg
| | - Siegried Gauggel
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Marburg
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universität Würzburg
| | - Michael Höfler
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden
| | | | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden
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Vögele C, Ehlers A, Meyer AH, Frank M, Hahlweg K, Margraf J. Cognitive mediation of clinical improvement after intensive exposure therapy of agoraphobia and social phobia. Depress Anxiety 2010; 27:294-301. [PMID: 20037922 DOI: 10.1002/da.20651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated cognitive mediation of clinical improvement in patients with agoraphobia (N=427) or social phobia (N=98) receiving high-density exposure therapy in a naturalistic clinical treatment setting. METHODS Patients were assessed before therapy, 6 weeks after the end of therapy, and 1 year thereafter, using a self-report assessment battery. Lower level mediation analyses provided support for the notion that cognitive changes partially mediate clinical improvement after exposure therapy. RESULTS Changes in cognitions relating to physical catastrophes mediated treatment outcome only for patients with agoraphobia, whereas changes in cognitions about loss of control mediated outcome for both agoraphobia and social phobia patients. Changes in relationship satisfaction did not mediate symptomatic improvement. CONCLUSIONS The results extend previous findings by demonstrating mediation in an unselected clinical sample and by providing evidence for the specificity of mediation effects. They further support the importance of cognitive changes in cognitive-behavior therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Vögele
- Clinical and Health Psychology Research Centre, School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London, United Kingdom.
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Rufer M, Albrecht R, Schmidt O, Zaum J, Schnyder U, Hand I, Mueller-Pfeiffer C. Changes in quality of life following cognitive-behavioral group therapy for panic disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2009; 25:8-14. [PMID: 19545979 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about quality of life (QoL) are important to estimate the impact of diseases on functioning and well-being. The present study was designed to assess the association of different aspects of panic disorder (PD) with QoL and to examine the relationship between QoL and symptomatic outcome following brief cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT). METHOD The sample consisted of 55 consecutively recruited outpatients suffering from PD who underwent CBGT. QoL was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline, post-treatment and six months follow-up. SF-36 baseline scores were compared with normative data obtained from a large German population sample. RESULTS Agoraphobia, disability, and worries about health were significantly associated with decreased QoL, whereas frequency, severity and duration of panic attacks were not. Treatment responders showed significantly better QoL than non-responders. PD symptom reduction following CBGT was associated with considerable improvement in emotional and physical aspects of QoL. However, the vitality subscale of the SF-36 remained largely unchanged over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results are encouraging for cognitive-behavior therapists who treat patients suffering from PD in groups, since decrease of PD symptoms appears to be associated with considerable improvements in QoL. Nevertheless, additional interventions designed to target specific aspects of QoL, in particular vitality, may be useful to enhance patients' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rufer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Zürich, Culmannstrasse 8, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Lang T, Helbig-Lang S, Petermann F. Was wirkt in der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie der Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1024/1661-4747.57.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) hat sich in empirischen Studien als wirksame Behandlungsform von Panikstörungen mit Agoraphobie erwiesen. Zu den zentralen Behandlungskomponenten gehören a) Psychoedukation über Angst und Panik, b) kognitive Interventionen, um die Tendenz zu Missinterpretationen körperlicher Wahrnehmungen zu vermindern, c) interozeptive und in vivo Exposition sowie d) Bewältigungskompetenzen zur Beeinflussung von körperlichen Symptomen, wie beispielsweise Entspannungs- und Atemtechniken. Empirische Befunde zur Effektivität dieser Interventionen werden vorgestellt und abschließend hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung im Rahmen einer evidenzbasierten Therapie der Panikstörung mit und ohne Agoraphobie in der Praxis diskutiert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lang
- Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie, Bremen
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
| | - Sylvia Helbig-Lang
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
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Lincoln TM, Suttner C, Nestoriuc Y. Wirksamkeit kognitiver Interventionen für Schizophrenie. PSYCHOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU 2008. [DOI: 10.1026/0033-3042.59.4.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Kognitive Umstrukturierung von Wahn und dysfunktionalen Kognitionen wird zunehmend in der Schizophreniebehandlung eingesetzt. Bisherige Meta-Analysen zur Wirksamkeit von CBT integrieren jedoch sehr heterogene Interventionen, was Schlussfolgerungen auf die Wirksamkeit kognitiver Elemente erschwert. Die vorliegende Meta-Analyse analysiert kurz- und langfristige Effekte aus 18 randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien zu kognitiven Interventionen für Schizophrenie. Im Bezug auf die Gesamtsymptomatik bestanden im Vergleich zu Standardbehandlung signifikante kleine Effekte zum Behandlungsende (n = 908) und zum Follow-Up (n = 663). Im Vergleich zu aktiven Kontrollinterventionen war CBT zum Behandlungsende nicht signifikant überlegen (n = 559), jedoch zum Follow-up (n = 416). CBT zeigte sich auch für die Reduktion von Rehospitalisierungen einer Standardbehandlung, nicht aber alternativen Therapien, überlegen. Eine kognitive Schwerpunktsetzung der Interventionen korrelierte – auch nach Kontrolle der methodischen Qualität – positiv mit der prä-post Effektstärke. Es erscheint aussichtsreich, weiter zu untersuchen, ob die Effektivität von CBT durch einen verstärkten Einsatz kognitiver Elemente gesteigert werden kann.
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Runge AJ, Beesdo K, Lieb R, Wittchen HU. Wie häufig nehmen Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Angststörungen eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung in Anspruch? VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1159/000113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Beziehungsökologische Therapie bei Panikstörung. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-007-0550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mitte K. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. J Affect Disord 2005; 88:27-45. [PMID: 16005982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of (cognitive) behavioural ((C)BT) and pharmacological therapy was investigated using meta-analytic techniques. After a comprehensive review of the literature, the results of 124 studies were included. (C)BT was more effective than a no-treatment control and a placebo control. No difference of efficacy was found when using cognitive elements compared to not using them for anxiety; for associated depressive symptoms, additional cognitive elements seems superior. Pharmacotherapy was more effective than a placebo control; there was no superiority of any drug class. Sample size was related to effect size in pharmacotherapy and publication bias was found. (C)BT was at least as effective as pharmacotherapy and depending on type of analysis even significantly more effective. There were no significant differences between (C)BT alone and a combination approach but characteristics of studies have to be considered.
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Beutel ME, Dietrich S, Wiltink J. Entstehung und Verlauf der Panikstörung. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-005-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Peikert G, Wagner G, Tauber R, Gruhn U, Sobanski UT. Effektivität stationärer Verhaltenstherapie bei schwerer Panikstörung und Agoraphobie. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2004. [DOI: 10.1159/000082835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hahlweg K, Fiegenbaum W, Schröder B, Frank M, von Witzleben I. Klinische Brauchbarkeit der Konfrontationstherapie für agoraphobische Patienten:. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2004. [DOI: 10.1026/0084-5345.33.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Diese Effektivitätsstudie an Patienten mit Panikstörung und Agoraphobie (PSAP) soll einen Beitrag leisten zur Beantwortung der Frage, wie gut der Transfer der empirisch bewährten Konfrontationstherapie in die klinische Praxis gelingt. Fragestellungen: 1. Sind die SCL-90-R Subskalen änderungssensitiv? 2.Weisen Patienten mit komorbiden Syndromen ein schlechteres Therapieergebnis auf? 3. Hat die Therapieerfahrung der Therapeuten Einfluss auf das Therapieergebnis? Methode: N = 416 PSAP-Patienten wurden von 52 Therapeuten unterschiedlicher Therapieerfahrung in drei Instituten der Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie (CDS) mit intensiver Konfrontationstherapie behandelt. Zur Veränderungsmessung wurde eine multidimensionale diagnostische Batterie verwendet. Ergebnisse: Sechs Wochen nach Therapieende und bei der 1-Jahres-Nachkontrolle zeigten sich hochsignifikante und stabile Verbesserungen in Bezug auf alle Kriterienmaße. Die Intra-Gruppen-Effektstärke bezüglich des agoraphobischen Vermeidungsverhaltens betrug 1.82 sechs Wochen nach Therapieende bzw. 1.70 beim 1-Jahres Follow-up. Die relevanten SCL-90-R Skalen unterschätzen die Effektivität im Vergleich zu störungsspezifischen Maßen. Für die Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse spricht, dass sich weder zwischen den Instituten noch hinsichtlich der Therapieerfahrung signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich der Effektivität ergaben. Entgegen der Annahmen zeigten Patienten mit syndromaler Komorbidität einen besseren Therapieerfolg. Diskussion: Die intensive Konfrontationstherapie scheint zumindest unter den in den CDS-Instituten gegebenen Bedingungen ohne Wirksamkeitsverluste in die Praxis überführbar. Probleme der Studie (nicht-kontinuierliche Datenerhebung in einem Institut und alleiniger Gebrauch von Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumenten) werden diskutiert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Hahlweg
- Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie, Marburg
| | | | | | - Monika Frank
- Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie, Marburg
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Rief W, Auer C, Wambach K, Fichter MM. “Wenn’s nicht nur bei der Panikstörung bleibt“. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2003. [DOI: 10.1026/0084-5345.32.3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Trotz der großen Erfolge der kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlung von Panikstörungen in wissenschaftlichen Studien ist ungeklärt, ob diese Methode auch im Rahmen der Routineversorgung oder bei komplexeren Problemen erfolgreich ist. Fragestellung: Es wird überprüft, ob verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlung von Personen mit Panikstörungen auch “unter Routinebedingungen“ sowie bei Personen mit Komorbidität von Panikstörung und Schwerer Depression 1 Der Begriff “schwere Depression” wird hier synonym zum Begriff “Major Depression“ verwendet. erfolgreich ist. Methode: 165 Personen mit Panikstörung wurden 3 Gruppen zugeordnet: Panikstörung (n = 55), Panikstörung und komorbide Schwere Depression (n = 73) sowie Panikstörung und frühere Schwere Depression, die jedoch bei Beginn der Indexbehandlung remittiert war (n = 37). Messzeitpunkte waren 6 Monate vor Behandlungsbeginn, Behandlungsbeginn, Behandlungsende sowie 1 Jahr später. Ergebnisse: Bei Personen mit “reiner“ Panikstörung lassen sich die Behandlungserfolge replizieren. Personen mit Panikstörung und komorbider aktueller Depression zeigen in den meisten Variablen erhöhte Werte, jedoch ähnlich positive Veränderungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Auch bei Durchführung in Einrichtungen der Routineversorgung sowie bei Komorbidität ist verhaltenstherapeutische Angstbehandlung erfolgreich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Rief
- Klinik Roseneck, Prien a. Ch., AG Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Marburg
| | - Claudia Auer
- Klinik Roseneck, Prien a. Ch., AG Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Marburg
| | - Katrin Wambach
- Klinik Roseneck, Prien a. Ch., AG Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Marburg
| | - Manfred M. Fichter
- Klinik Roseneck, Prien a. Ch., AG Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Marburg
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