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Dorofeeva Y, Colombo P, Blanca M, Mari A, Khanferyan R, Valenta R, Focke-Tejkl M. Expression and characterization of recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 resembling the allergenic epitopes of Parietaria judaica pollen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15043. [PMID: 31636285 PMCID: PMC6803649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The weed wall pellitory, Parietaria judaica, is one the most important pollen allergen sources in the Mediterranean area causing severe symptoms of hay fever and asthma in allergic patients. We report the expression of the major Parietaria allergens, Par j 1 and Par j 2 which belong to the family of lipid transfer proteins, in insect cells. According to circular dichroism analysis and gel filtration, the purified allergens represented folded and monomeric proteins. Insect cell-expressed, folded Par j 2 exhibited higher IgE binding capacity and more than 100-fold higher allergenic activity than unfolded Escherichia coli-expressed Par j 2 as demonstrated by IgE ELISA and basophil activation testing. IgE ELISA inhibition assays showed that Par j 1 and Par j 2, contain genuine and cross-reactive IgE epitopes. IgG antibodies induced by immunization with Par j 2 inhibited binding of allergic patients IgE to Par j 1 only partially. IgE inhibition experiments demonstrated that insect cell-expressed Par j 1 and Par j 2 together resembled the majority of allergenic epitopes of the Parietaria allergome and therefore both should be used for molecular diagnosis and the design of vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy of Parietaria allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Dorofeeva
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Mari
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology, Rome, Italy
| | - Roman Khanferyan
- Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Fernández-González M, Ribeiro H, Pereira JRS, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ, Abreu I. Assessment of the potential real pollen related allergenic load on the atmosphere of Porto city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:333-341. [PMID: 30852210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the allergen content in the atmosphere is a useful tool to stablish the risk allergy warnings for the sensitive people. In Portugal the main airborne allergenic pollen come from trees (such as Betula or Olea), grasses or weeds (mainly Urticaceae). The present study sought the quantification of the Bet v 1, Ole e 1, Lol p1 and Par j1-2 aeroallergen concentration as well as how weather variables influence in the pollen and allergen concentration in Porto city. Aerobiological study was carried out by a Hirst-type volumetric sampler for pollen collection and a Burkard Cyclone sampler for the aeroallergens. A regression analysis between pollen and allergens was conducted for the identification the allergenic risk days. High Pollen Allergen Potency in the atmosphere was observed considering the low levels of airborne pollen detected. A significant and positive correlation has been obtained between pollen and aeroallergen values with the temperatures whereas the correlation was negative with relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed. Back trajectory methodology was applied in order to analyse the discordances between pollen and allergen maximum concentrations. The analysis showed that when the pollen and allergen peaks were registered on the same day, air masses always comes from the continent. However, when the peaks do not coincide, the air mass comes from the continent in the case of the pollen peak and from the sea for the allergen peak. This behaviour can be a consequence of the high humidity in the air masses from the sea, which can benefit the allergen release from pollen grains. In our study it was observed that the available traditional information for allergenic Type I patients, corresponding to the amount of pollen grains in the bioaerosol, do not accurately identify the real allergenic load in the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-González
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - H Ribeiro
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - J R S Pereira
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F J Rodríguez-Rajo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - I Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Bonura A, Di Blasi D, Barletta B, Butteroni C, Corinti S, Gervasi F, Melis MR, Uasuf C, Ragusa MA, Fabio C, Di Felice G, Colombo P. Modulating allergic response by engineering the major Parietaria allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1142-1144.e3. [PMID: 29221712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Blasi
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bianca Barletta
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Corinti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- U.O.S.D. Laboratorio Specialistico Oncologia, ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Raphael Melis
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carina Uasuf
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cibella Fabio
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Felice
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
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4
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Barletta B, Butteroni C, Bonura A, Bondi ML, Colombo P, Di Felice G. Dimerisation increases the immunogenicity of recombinant Parj1/Parj2 allergens. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 28:142-5. [PMID: 25816419 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015573920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified recombinant Parj1 and Parj2 allergens bind an IgE repertoire common to the Parietaria species, allowing their use as marker molecules for diagnosis and therapy of allergic disease induced by the Urticaceae family. Preclinical studies on the in vivo immunogenicity of recombinant Parj1, Parj2 and their isoforms indicated differential capacity to induce IgG1 antibody responses, as indication of potential clinical use. A recombinant hetero-dimeric hybrid derivative (PjED), encompassing the shorter Parj1 isoform (Parj1.0201) and Parj2 allergen, was characterised. In vivo immunisation with PjED induces IgG1 antibodies capable of binding all the isoforms of Parietaria major allergens, overcoming the poor immunogenicity of single monomeric allergens. This feature makes PjED a promising candidate molecule to be further characterised for clinical applications in the treatment of Parietaria allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barletta
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Butteroni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bonura
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - M L Bondi
- Institute for Studies of Nanostructured Materials-U.O.S. Palermo, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Colombo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Di Felice
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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5
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Bonura A, Vlah S, Longo A, Bulati M, Melis MR, Cibella F, Colombo P. Hydroxytyrosol modulates Par j 1-induced IL-10 production by PBMCs in healthy subjects. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1374-1377. [PMID: 27475990 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several papers have demonstrated the importance of substances from natural sources which can exert powerful anti-inflammatory effects. In this respect, hydroxytyrosol, one of the major elements of the phenolic components of olive oil, has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory activities and safety profile. In this report, we demonstrate that the co-stimulation of human PBMCs from healthy subjects with the Par j 1 allergen and hydroxytyrosol induced a statistically significant increase in the amount of Par j 1-induced IL-10, demonstrating that hydroxytyrosol can modulate an allergen-specific immune response potentiating a suppressive immune response towards an allergen. Our work opens the way to further studies to elaborate the possibility of using hydroxytyrosol as a nutrient for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Vlah
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario R Melis
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
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6
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Valenta R, Wollmann E. Bedeutung rekombinanter Allergene und Allergenderivate. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Cross-reactivity among non-specific lipid-transfer proteins from food and pollen allergenic sources. Food Chem 2014; 165:397-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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8
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Longo V, Costa MA, Cibella F, Cuttitta G, La Grutta S, Colombo P. Multiple IgE recognition on the major allergen of the Parietaria pollen Par j 2. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:412-9. [PMID: 25284812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between IgE antibodies and allergens is a key event in triggering an allergic reaction. The characterization of this region provides information of paramount importance for diagnosis and therapy. Par j 2 Lipid Transfer Protein is one of the most important allergens in southern Europe and a well-established marker of sensitization in Parietaria pollen allergy. The main aim of this study was to map the IgE binding regions of this allergen and to study the pattern of reactivity of individual Parietaria-allergic patients. By means of gene fragmentation, six overlapping peptides were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their IgE binding activity was evaluated by immunoblotting in a cohort of 79 Parietaria-allergic patients. Our results showed that Pj-allergic patients display a heterogeneous pattern of IgE binding to the different recombinant fragments, and that patients reacted simultaneously against several protein domains spread all the over the molecule, even in fragments which do not contain structural features resembling the native allergen. Our results reveal the presence of a large number of linear and conformational epitopes on the Par j 2 sequence, which probably explains the high allergenic activity of this allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Longo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Costa
- Istituto di Biofisica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (UOS Palermo), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cuttitta
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy.
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9
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Bonura A, Trapani A, Gulino L, Longo V, Valenta R, Asero R, Colombo P. Cloning, expression in E. coli and immunological characterization of Par j 3.0201, a Parietaria pollen profilin variant. Mol Immunol 2013; 57:220-5. [PMID: 24172226 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parietaria judaica pollen is one of the main sources of allergens in the Mediterranean area. Its allergenic composition has been studied in detail showing the presence of two major allergens (Par j 1 and Par j 2) and two minor allergens belonging to the profilin and calcium binding protein families of allergens (Par j 3 and Par j 4, respectively). Clinical reports support the hypothesis of a limited cross-reactivity between profilin from Parietaria and unrelated sources. We screened a P. judaica cDNA library to identify novel forms of profilins with allergenic activity. This strategy allowed us to isolate a 767 bp cDNA containing the information for a 131 amino acids protein with homology to profilins from unrelated sources greater than that observed with the already published Parietaria profilins. This profilin was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein and its immunological prevalence was studied in a population of Parietaria allergic patients from Southern Europe. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the Parietaria profilin was recognized by IgE from 6.5% of the allergic population. Finally, a selected population of profilin allergic patients was enrolled to demonstrate the cross-reactivity of this novel variant with other profilins from grass and date palm. In conclusion, molecular cloning and immunological studies have allowed the isolation, expression and immunological characterization of a novel cross-reactive profilin allergen from P. judaica pollen named Par j 3.0201.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare,"Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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10
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Bonura A, Corinti S, Schiavi E, Giacomazza D, Gianguzza F, Di Felice G, Colombo P. The major allergen of the Parietaria pollen contains an LPS-binding region with immuno-modulatory activity. Allergy 2013; 68:297-303. [PMID: 23330732 DOI: 10.1111/all.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major allergens in Parietaria pollen, Par j 1 and Par j 2, have been identified as lipid transfer proteins. The family of the Par j 1 allergens is composed of two isoforms, which differ by the presence of a 37 amino acid peptide (Par37) exclusive to the Par j 1.0101 isoform. The goal of this study was to elucidate the biological properties of the Par37 peptide. METHODS In silico analysis, spectrofluorimetric experiments and in vitro cell culture assays were used to identify the biological properties of Par37. In addition, a mouse model of sensitization was used to study the influence of Par37 in the murine immune response. RESULTS In silico analysis predicted that Par37 displays characteristics of a host defence peptide. Spectrofluorimetric analysis, real-time PCR and ELISA assays demonstrated that Par37 possesses an LPS-binding activity influencing cell signalling in vitro. In RAW264.7 cells, LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α transcription and translation were inhibited after preincubation with Par37. Consistent with these data, inhibition of IFN-γ secretion was observed in murine spleen cells and in human PBMC. Finally, mice immunized with the two Par j 1 isoforms differing in the presence or absence of the Par37 peptide showed different immunological behaviours in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the Par j 1.0101 allergen displays LPS-binding activity due to the presence of a 37 amino acid COOH-terminal region and that this region is capable of influencing cytokine and antibody responses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy” del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo; Italy
| | - S. Corinti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immuno-mediate; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Roma; Italy
| | - E. Schiavi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immuno-mediate; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Roma; Italy
| | - D. Giacomazza
- Istituto di Biofisica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (UOS Palermo); Palermo; Italy
| | - F. Gianguzza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Palermo; Palermo; Italy
| | - G. Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immuno-mediate; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Roma; Italy
| | - P. Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy” del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Palermo; Italy
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11
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Innate and adaptive immune responses to the major Parietaria allergen Par j 1 in healthy subjects. Immunobiology 2012; 218:995-1004. [PMID: 23332216 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study we wanted to analyse the pattern of the immune response to the Parietaria major allergen Par j 1 in freshly purified peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from healthy subjects. We observed that Par j 1 was capable of inducing IFN-γ production by CD3⁻ and CD16⁺/CD56⁺ cells exclusively in healthy individuals. Furthermore, a multiparametric analysis allowed us a better definition of two IFN-γ-Par j 1 specific populations (IFN-γ(dim) and IFN-γ(high)) characterized by the presence of different proportions of NKT and NK cells. We also identified the concomitant presence of a subset of IL-10⁺ NK cells. Moreover, CFSE staining showed that the Par j 1 preferentially induced the proliferation of CD3⁻/CD56⁺/CD335⁺ cells. Finally, a subset of CD4⁺/CD25⁺/FoxP3⁺/IL-10⁻ T cells was identified. The result of this pilot study suggest that during a tolerogenic response, the major allergen of the Parietaria pollen works as an activator of both the innate and the adaptive human immune system.
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12
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Bonura A, Passantino R, Costa MA, Montana G, Melis M, Bondì ML, Butteroni C, Barletta B, Corinti S, Di Felice G, Colombo P. Characterization of a Par j 1/Par j 2 mutant hybrid with reduced allergenicity for immunotherapy of Parietaria allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:471-80. [PMID: 22356145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parietaria pollen is one of the major cause of pollinosis in the southern Europe. Specific immunotherapy is the only treatment able to modify the natural outcome of the disease restoring a normal immunity against allergens. METHODS We designed a recombinant molecule (PjEDloop1) comprised of genetic-engineered variants of the major allergens of the Parietaria pollen (Par j 2/Par j 1). Purity and chemical-physical properties of the derivative were analysed by RP-HPLC chromatography and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Immunological activity was evaluated by means of Western blotting, ELISA inhibition and PBMC proliferation assay in 10 Parietaria allergic patients. Basophil activation was studied in six subjects. The immunogenicity of the hybrid was studied looking at the immune responses induced in a mouse model of sensitization. RESULTS The PjEDloop1 hybrid was produced as a purified recombinant protein with high stability in solution. Western blot, ELISA inhibition and basophil activation test showed that the PjEDloop1 displays a remarkable reduced IgE binding and anaphylactic activity. CD3 reactivity was conserved in all patients. Mice immunization with the rPjEDloop1 induced antibodies and T cell responses comparable to that obtained by the wild type allergens. Such antibodies shared the specificities to rPar j 1 and rPar j 2 with human IgE antibodies. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that a mutant hybrid expressing genetically engineered forms of the major P. judaica allergens displayed reduced allergenicity and retained T cell reactivity for the induction of protective antibodies in vaccination approaches for the treatment of Parietaria pollinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare, Palermo, Italy
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13
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Bondì ML, Montana G, Craparo EF, Di Gesù R, Giammona G, Bonura A, Colombo P. Lipid nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for the Parietaria judaica major allergen Par j 2. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2953-62. [PMID: 22162654 PMCID: PMC3230564 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parietaria pollen is one of the major causes of allergic reaction in southern Europe, affecting about 30% of all allergic patients in this area. Specific immunotherapy is the only treatment able to modify the natural outcome of the disease by restoring a normal immunity against allergens. The preparation of allergen-solid lipid nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for therapeutic proteins, P. judaica major allergen Par j 2, was investigated. The Par j 2 allergen was expressed in a large amount in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Its immunological properties were studied by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition. Solid lipid nanoparticles were obtained by water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion method and characterized in terms of mean size and surface charge. These systems (approximately 250 nm diameter and negative surface charge) incorporated recombinant Par j 2 with 40% or greater efficiency. Moreover, the endotoxin level and anaphylactic activity of the empty solid lipid nanoparticles and recombinant Par j 2-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were evaluated by looking at the overexpression of CD203c marker on human basophils. These results demonstrate that recombinant Par j 2-nanoparticles could be proposed as safe compositions for the development of new therapeutic dosage forms to cure allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Bondì
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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14
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Tordesillas L, Sirvent S, Díaz-Perales A, Villalba M, Cuesta-Herranz J, Rodríguez R, Salcedo G. Plant lipid transfer protein allergens: no cross-reactivity between those from foods and olive and Parietaria pollen. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 156:291-6. [PMID: 21720174 DOI: 10.1159/000323503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-reactivity among plant food allergens belonging to the nonspecific lipid transfer protein (LTP) family is well known. In contrast, the relationship among these allergens and their putative homologs from olive (Ole e 7) and Parietaria (Par j 1) pollen has not been clarified. METHODS Sera with specific IgE to LTP allergens were obtained from peach-, mustard- and olive pollen-allergic patients. Purified LTP allergens from foods (peach, apple, mustard and wheat) and pollens (olive, mugwort and Parietaria) were tested by ELISA and ELISA-inhibition assays. RESULTS Plant food LTP-allergic patients showed a significantly higher number of sera (89-100 vs. 33-64%) with specific IgE and mean specific IgE levels (0.30-1.56 vs. 0.21-0.34 OD units) to the 4 food LTP allergens tested than to olive Ole e 7 and Parietaria Par j 1 pollen. ELISA-inhibition assays indicated cross-inhibition between food LTP allergens but no cross-reactivity between these allergens and Ole e 7 and Par j 1, or, even more, between the LTP allergens from olive and Parietaria pollen. CONCLUSIONS LTP allergens from olive and Parietaria pollen cross-react neither with allergenic LTPs from plant foods nor between themselves. Therefore, both pollens do not seem to be related with the LTP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Tordesillas
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, UPM, Madrid, España
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Bonura A, Colombo P. Novel Strategies for the Development of a Vaccine for Parietaria Allergy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:297-304. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific immunotherapy is a well established and clinically proved strategy to cure allergic reactions. The impressive boost of knowledge derived from DNA recombinant technology applied to this field allowed the identification, cloning and expression of several clinically relevant allergens. Recombinant allergens can be easily produced in a pure and reproducible way with immunological properties comparable to natural allergens and matching the requirements of pharmaceutical companies. Parietaria pollinosis is a major health problem in the Mediterranean basin with prolonged symptoms. In this review we will discuss the rational approaches to design hypoallergenic derivatives of the major allergens of this pollen, their immunological properties and possible clinical future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologica Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - P. Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologica Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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González-Rioja R, Asturias JA, Martínez A, Goñi FM, Viguera AR. Par j 1 and Par j 2, the two major allergens in Parietaria judaica, bind preferentially to monoacylated negative lipids. FEBS J 2009; 276:1762-75. [PMID: 19236482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Par j 1 and Par j 2 proteins are the two major allergens in Parietaria judaica pollen, one of the main causes of allergic diseases in the Mediterranean area. Each of them contains eight cysteine residues organized in a pattern identical to that found in plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins. The 139- and 102-residue recombinant allergens, corresponding respectively to Par j 1 and Par j 2, refold properly to fully functional forms, whose immunological properties resemble those of the molecules purified from the natural source. Molecular modeling shows that, despite the lack of extensive primary structure homology with nonspecific lipid transfer proteins, both allergens contain a hydrophobic cavity suited to accommodate a lipid ligand. In the present study, we present novel evidence for the formation of complexes of these natural and recombinant proteins from Parietaria pollen with lipidic molecules. The dissociation constant of oleyl-lyso-phosphatidylcholine is 9.1 +/- 1.2 microm for recombinant Par j 1, whereas pyrenedodecanoic acid shows a much higher affinity, with a dissociation constant of approximately 1 microm for both recombinant proteins, as well as for the natural mixture. Lipid binding does not alter the secondary structure content of the protein but is very efficient in protecting disulfide bonds from reduction by dithiothreitol. We show that Par j 1 and Par j 2 not only bind lipids from micellar dispersions, but also are able to extract and transfer negative phospholipids from bilayers.
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Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A, Zuberbier T, Baena-Cagnani CE, Canonica GW, van Weel C, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Bachert C, Blaiss MS, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Bousquet PJ, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chen Y, Custovic A, Dahl R, Demoly P, Douagui H, Durham SR, van Wijk RG, Kalayci O, Kaliner MA, Kim YY, Kowalski ML, Kuna P, Le LTT, Lemiere C, Li J, Lockey RF, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer EO, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Ouedraogo S, Palkonen S, Papadopoulos N, Passalacqua G, Pawankar R, Popov TA, Rabe KF, Rosado-Pinto J, Scadding GK, Simons FER, Toskala E, Valovirta E, van Cauwenberge P, Wang DY, Wickman M, Yawn BP, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Zar H, Annesi-Maesano I, Bateman ED, Ben Kheder A, Boakye DA, Bouchard J, Burney P, Busse WW, Chan-Yeung M, Chavannes NH, Chuchalin A, Dolen WK, Emuzyte R, Grouse L, Humbert M, Jackson C, Johnston SL, Keith PK, Kemp JP, Klossek JM, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lipworth B, Malo JL, Marshall GD, Naspitz C, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Potter P, Price D, Stoloff SW, Vandenplas O, Viegi G, Williams D. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008; 63 Suppl 86:8-160. [PMID: 18331513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3057] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/etiology
- Asthma/therapy
- Child
- Global Health
- Humans
- Prevalence
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Risk Factors
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- University Hospital and INSERM, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
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Bonura A, Gulino L, Trapani A, Di Felice G, Tinghino R, Amoroso S, Geraci D, Valenta R, Westritschnig K, Scala E, Mari A, Colombo P. Isolation, expression and immunological characterization of a calcium-binding protein from Parietaria pollen. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:2465-73. [PMID: 18289680 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and therapy of allergic disorders are usually performed with crude extracts which are a heterogeneous mixture of proteins with different allergenic potency. The knowledge of the allergenic composition is a key step for diagnostic and therapeutic options. Parietaria judaica pollen represents one of the main sources of allergens in the Mediterranean area and its major allergens have already been identified (Par j 1 and Par j 2). In addition, inhibition studies performed using a calcium-binding protein (CBP) from grass pollen (Phl p 7) showed the presence of a homologue of this cross-reactive allergen in the Parietaria extract. Screening of a cDNA library allowed us to isolate a 480bp cDNA containing the information for an 87 AA long protein with high level of homology to calcium-binding proteins from other allergenic sources. It was expressed as a recombinant allergen in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Its expression allowed us to study the prevalence of this allergen in a population of allergic patients in southern Europe. Immunoblotting and inhibition studies showed that this allergen shares a pattern of IgE epitopes in common with other 2-EF-hand calcium-binding proteins from botanically non-related species. The immunological properties of the Pj CBP were investigated by CD63 activation assay and CFDA-SE staining. In conclusion, DNA recombinant technology allowed the isolation, expression and immunological characterization of a cross-reactive calcium-binding protein allergen from Parietaria judaica pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
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19
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Grote M, Westritschnig K, Valenta R. Immunogold electron microscopic localization of the 2 EF-hand calcium-binding pollen allergen Phl p 7 and its homologues in pollens of grasses, weeds and trees. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:113-21. [PMID: 18204277 DOI: 10.1159/000113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2 EF-hand calcium-binding allergen from timothy grass pollen, Phl p 7, contains the majority of relevant IgE epitopes among calcium-binding allergens occurring in pollen species of different plants. OBJECTIVE To describe the ultrastructural localization of Phl p 7 allergen in timothy grass pollen and its homologues in a broad spectrum of allergologically relevant pollens from grasses (timothy grass, rye grass), trees (birch, alder, olive) and weeds (mugwort, ribwort, ragweed) commonly growing in Europe. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mature pollens from 8 different plant species were collected and anhydrously prepared for transmission electron microscopy. In ultrathin sections, allergens were localized using an antibody prepared against a Phl p 7-derived peptide comprising the C-terminal half of the Phl p 7 wild-type molecule in combination with a secondary antibody coupled to 10-nm colloidal gold particles. RESULTS Phl p 7 and Phl p 7 homologues were detected in pollen from each of the 8 pollen species investigated. The allergens were found in the cytoplasm of the pollen grains (cytoplasmic matrix, mitochondria, nuclei) and in the pollen wall (preferably the exine). Reserve materials were unlabeled. CONCLUSIONS The 2 EF-hand calcium-binding allergen Phl p 7 from timothy grass and its homologues can be localized in all pollen species under investigation. This finding confirms that Phl p 7 is a marker allergen for sensitization of patients to a novel family of 2 EF-hand calcium-binding pollen allergens occurring in a number of important allergenic plants in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Grote
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Zoccatelli G, Dalla Pellegrina C, Consolini M, Fusi M, Sforza S, Aquino G, Dossena A, Chignola R, Peruffo A, Olivieri M, Rizzi C. Isolation and identification of two lipid transfer proteins in pomegranate (Punica granatum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:11057-11062. [PMID: 18038997 DOI: 10.1021/jf072644x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a family of low molecular mass (7-9 kDa) polypeptides, the members of which share 35-95% sequence homology. These proteins are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and are receiving attention for their biochemical characteristics and biological activity. LTPs are indeed studied in different research fields varying from allergy to food technology, and numerous molecules belonging to this class are progressively being identified and investigated. Proteins from pomegranate juice were fractioned by cation exchange chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Two proteins were identified as putative LTPs on the basis of their molecular weights and their electrophoretic behaviors under reducing and nonreducing conditions. Finally, proteins were purified and characterized by mass spectrometry. This analysis confirmed that the two polypeptides are LTPs on the basis of an amino acid sequence common to LTPs from other plant sources and cysteine content. The two proteins, named LTP1a and LTP1b, showed similar molecular masses but different immunological profiles when immunodetected with rabbit antibodies specific for Pru p 3 and human IgE from a patient suffering from pomegranate allergy. The demonstration of the existence of two immunologically unrelated LTPs in pomegranate confirms the variability and the complexity of the plant LTP family. This should be taken into account when the role of these proteins as elicitors of allergies to fruits is investigated and could help to explain the contradictory literature data on pomegranate allergy.
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21
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D'Amato G, Cecchi L, Bonini S, Nunes C, Annesi-Maesano I, Behrendt H, Liccardi G, Popov T, van Cauwenberge P. Allergenic pollen and pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy 2007; 62:976-90. [PMID: 17521313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The allergenic content of the atmosphere varies according to climate, geography and vegetation. Data on the presence and prevalence of allergenic airborne pollens, obtained from both aerobiological studies and allergological investigations, make it possible to design pollen calendars with the approximate flowering period of the plants in the sampling area. In this way, even though pollen production and dispersal from year to year depend on the patterns of preseason weather and on the conditions prevailing at the time of anthesis, it is usually possible to forecast the chances of encountering high atmospheric allergenic pollen concentrations in different areas. Aerobiological and allergological studies show that the pollen map of Europe is changing also as a result of cultural factors (for example, importation of plants such as birch and cypress for urban parklands), greater international travel (e.g. colonization by ragweed in France, northern Italy, Austria, Hungary etc.) and climate change. In this regard, the higher frequency of weather extremes, like thunderstorms, and increasing episodes of long range transport of allergenic pollen represent new challenges for researchers. Furthermore, in the last few years, experimental data on pollen and subpollen-particles structure, the pathogenetic role of pollen and the interaction between pollen and air pollutants, gave new insights into the mechanisms of respiratory allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Amato
- Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality Hospital "A.Cardarelli" Napoli, Italy
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22
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González-Rioja R, Ibarrola I, Arilla MC, Ferrer A, Mir A, Andreu C, Martínez A, Asturias JA. Genetically engineered hybrid proteins from Parietaria judaica pollen for allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:602-9. [PMID: 17561242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the use of conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy in clinical practice, more defined, efficient, and safer allergy vaccines are required. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to obtain hypoallergenic molecules by deleting B-cell epitopes, which could potentially be applied to Parietaria judaica pollen allergy treatment. METHODS Three hybrid molecules (Q1, Q2, and Q3) derived from fragments of the 2 major P judaica pollen allergens, Par j 1 and Par j 2, were engineered by means of PCR. Hybrid structures were compared with their natural components by means of circular dichroism, and their biologic activities were compared by using T-cell proliferation assays. Their IgE-binding activity was determined with Western blotting, skin prick tests, and enzyme allergosorbent and ELISA inhibition tests. RESULTS The hybrid proteins, especially Q2 and Q3, revealed significantly reduced IgE reactivity compared with the natural allergens, as well as with the whole P judaica extract. Furthermore, in vivo skin prick tests showed that the hybrid proteins had a significantly lower potency to induce cutaneous reactions than the whole P judaica extract. Two (Q1 and Q2) of the 3 hybrid proteins induced a comparable T-cell proliferation response as that produced by the whole extract and natural allergens. CONCLUSION Considering its reduced anaphylactogenic potential, together with its conserved T-cell reactivity, the engineered Q2 protein could be used in safe and shortened schedules of allergen-specific immunotherapy against P judaica pollen allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Recombinant hybrid Q2 is able to induce T-cell proliferation, thus evidencing a potential therapeutic effect. Its reduced IgE-binding capacity envisages an excellent safety profile.
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Nasta F, Corinti S, Bonura A, Colombo P, Di Felice G, Pioli C. CTLA-4 regulates allergen response by modulating GATA-3 protein level per cell. Immunology 2007; 121:62-70. [PMID: 17313444 PMCID: PMC2265929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper type 2 (Th2) cell differentiation requires the expression of GATA-3, a transcription factor that allows transcriptional activation of Th2 cytokine genes through chromatin remodelling. We investigated the role of the negative costimulatory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in the regulation of GATA-3 expression, Th2 differentiation and immunoglobulin production during the immune response to allergens. BALB/c mice were immunized with a recombinant major allergenic component of Parietaria judaica pollen, rPar j I, and treated with blocking anti-CTLA-4 or control antibodies. Results showed that in vivo CTLA-4 blockade enhanced the Par j I-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) serum level. In contrast, Par j I-specific IgG2a serum level was reduced, suggesting that CTLA-4 blockade skewed immunoglobulin production towards interleukin-4 (IL-4) -dependent immunoglobulin isotypes. Consistently, CTLA-4 blockade increased the frequency of Par j I-specific Th2 cells but not Th1 cells, as well as IL-4 and IL-5 but not interferon-gamma production. Our data also showed that CTLA-4 blockade enhanced the GATA-3 : T-bet messenger RNA ratio. Interestingly, in vivo CTLA-4 blockade did not increase the frequency of GATA-3 protein-expressing cells. In contrast, it enhances GATA-3 protein level per cell. Further, in vitro results show that the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, by competing with CD80 for CTLA-4 binding, induced an enhancement in the frequency of IL-4-producing cells that correlates with the increase in GATA-3 protein level per cell. In conclusion, CTLA-4, by affecting the level of GATA-3 per cell, contributes to keeping this factor under the threshold required to become a Th2 effector cell. Consequently, it affects IgE/IgG2a production and contributes to the outcome of allergen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nasta
- ENEA, Unit of Biotechnology, Section of Toxicology and Biomedicine, Rome, Italy
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González-Rioja R, Ferrer A, Arilla MC, Ibarrola I, Viguera AR, Andreu C, Martínez A, Asturias JA. Diagnosis of Parietaria judaica pollen allergy using natural and recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:243-50. [PMID: 17250697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parietaria judaica pollen is one of the main causes of allergic diseases in the Mediterranean area and contains two major allergens, called Par j 1 and Par j 2. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic potential of natural and recombinant forms of Par j 1 and Par j 2 in comparison with standardized P. judaica pollen extract. METHODS Thirty patients allergic to P. judaica pollen and 15 control patients were investigated. Skin prick tests and determination of specific IgE levels were performed with commercial P. judaica extract, natural Par j 1 and Par j 2, and recombinant forms of both allergens expressed in P. pastoris. RESULTS The whole group of patients with allergy to P. judaica had a positive skin test reaction to purified nPar j 1-Par j 2 and rPar j 2 at 5 microg/mL, and no false-positive reactions were detected. Natural and recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 showed no significantly different responses in skin tests compared with P. judaica extract. A high correlation was found between the serum-specific IgE levels to P. judaica extract vs. natural (R=0.996; P<0.001) and recombinant allergens (R=0.887 and 0.982 for rPar j 1 and rPar j 2, respectively; P<0.001). rPar j 2 displayed a 100% sensitivity and specificity among P. judaica-allergic patients. CONCLUSIONS In vivo and in vitro diagnosis of P. judaica pollen allergy could be simplified using rPar j 2. This protein showed comparable IgE response and skin prick reactivity with those produced by P. judaica pollen extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González-Rioja
- Research & Development Department, Bial-Arístegui, Bilbao, Spain
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Bonura A, Corinti S, Artale A, Di Felice G, Amoroso S, Melis M, Geraci D, Colombo P. A hybrid expressing genetically engineered major allergens of the Parietaria pollen as a tool for specific allergy vaccination. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 142:274-84. [PMID: 17124429 DOI: 10.1159/000097358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy is an immunological disorder affecting about 25% of the population living in the industrialized countries. Specific immunotherapy is the only treatment with a long-lasting relief of allergic symptoms and able to reduce the risk of developing new allergic sensitizations and inhibiting the development of clinical asthma in children treated for allergic rhinitis. METHODS By means of DNA recombinant technology, we were able to design a head to tail dimer expressing disulphide bond variants of the major allergen of the Parietaria pollen. IgE binding activity was studied by Western blot, ELISA inhibition assays and the skin prick test. T cell recognition was studied by peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation. The immunogenicity of the hybrid was studied in a mouse model of sensitization. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo analysis showed that the disruption of specific cysteine residues in both allergens caused a strong reduction in IgE binding activity of the PjEDcys hybrid. In addition,we were able to show that a reduction in the IgE epitope content profoundly reduced the anaphylactic activity of the hybrid (from 100 to 1,000 times less than wild-type allergens) without interfering with the T cell recognition. Sera from BALB/c mice immunized with the hybrid were able to bind the natural Parietaria allergens and to inhibit the binding of human IgE to wild-type Par j 1 and Par j 2 allergens up to 90%. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that hybrid-expressing disulphide bond variants of the major allergens of the Parietaria pollen displayed reduced allergenicity and maintained T cell reactivity for induction of protective antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Vega-Maray AM, Fernández-González D, Valencia-Barrera R, Suárez-Cervera M. Allergenic proteins in Urtica dioica, a member of the Urticaceae allergenic family. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 97:343-9. [PMID: 17042140 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy to the pollen of flowering plant species significantly affects the health of people in many parts of the world. Pollens of related genera usually share common antigens and are often, but not always, cross-reactive. Several studies have shown that Parietaria pollen is one of the most common causes of pollinosis in the Mediterranean area, whereas Urtica has no allergenic significance. OBJECTIVES To report on the localization of Parietaria judaica major allergen in Urtica dioica pollen grains and on the detection of allergenic proteins in U. dioica pollen grains during the hydration-activation process. METHODS A combination of transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemical methods was used to locate allergenic proteins in U. dioica pollen grains after different periods of hydration-activation using the anti-Par j 1 (4.1.3.) monoclonal antibody and serum samples from allergic patients. RESULTS No significant labeling was noted for Parj 1 allergen after 10, 15, and 20 minutes in the walls and cytoplasm. Slight labeling was observed for allergic proteins in the walls of U. dioica after 10 minutes of hydration, and no significant labeling was found after 15 and 20 minutes of hydration. CONCLUSIONS Immunocytochemical methods confirmed the absence of cross-reactivity between 2 related genera, Parietaria and Urtica, and the lowest allergenic potential of U. dioica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Vega-Maray
- Department of Vegetal Biology (Botany), Faculty of Biology, University of León, Spain.
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Abstract
Type I allergy represents an important health problem that is currently affecting approximately 25% of the population in Western countries. Immunotherapy, the only causative treatment of Type I allergy, is currently performed with crude allergen extracts, which contain unpredictable amounts of allergenic, as well as nonallergenic, components. The application of molecular biology for allergen characterization has revealed the molecular nature of the most common allergens and allowed the production of recombinant allergens that equal natural allergens. Based on this knowledge, several different strategies to improve immunotherapy have become available. Until now, T-cell peptides, selected wild-type-like recombinant allergens and genetically modified hypoallergenic allergen derivatives have been evaluated in clinical trials in patients. Immunotherapy based on T-cell peptides has focused on allergen-specific T-cell responses, whereas genetically modified recombinant allergen molecules offer the advantage of combining T-cell and B-cell epitopes. Genetically modified recombinant birch pollen derivatives (Bet v 1-fragments, Bet v 1-trimer) have been evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Vaccination with the Bet v 1-derivatives improved symptoms of birch pollen allergy, induced a healthy allergen-specific immunoglobulin G response and led to a significant reduction of seasonally induced boosts of immunoglobulin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, AKH, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Arilla MC, González-Rioja R, Ibarrola I, Mir A, Monteseirín J, Conde J, Martínez A, Asturias JA. A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify Parietaria judaica major allergens, Par j 1 and Par j 2. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:87-93. [PMID: 16393270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parietaria pollen is one of the most important causes of pollinosis in Mediterranean countries. Parietaria judaica pollen extract presents two major allergens, Par j 1 and Par j 2, that belong to the lipid transfer protein family. OBJECTIVE To develop an ELISA for quantification of both major allergens of P. judaica pollen extracts, and to assert correlation of these allergens content with the allergenic activity of extracts. METHODS Natural Par j 1-Par j 2 allergens were purified by gel filtration, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. Rabbit antisera were obtained using this protein preparation as antigen and used for immunoaffinity purification of nPar j 1-Par j 2. BALB/c mice were immunized with the immunopurified nPar j 1-Par j 2 and after fusion and screening by direct ELISA, 5D4 monoclonal antibody was selected as capture antibody to develop a quantitative two-site ELISA. Bound proteins were detected by a biotinylated Par j 1-Par j 2-specific polyclonal antibody. RESULTS The optimized ELISA was developed from 25 to 8000 pg/mL of purified Par j 1-Par j 2, and a linear portion of 200-1000 pg/mL. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were lower than 7% and 14% respectively. The assay was very sensitive and specific as it had a detection limit of 25 pg/mL and did not detect reactivity with the same family plants, as Urtica. Par j 1-Par j 2 allergens content was measured in 14 P. judaica and two P. officinalis pollen extracts showing a significant correlation with their allergenic activity measured by enzyme allergosorbent test inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The results proved the usefulness of the two-sandwich ELISA for the standardization of Parietaria pollen extracts intended for clinical use, because of its good correlation with allergenic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Arilla
- Research and Development Department, Bial-Arístegui, Bilbao, Spain
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Linhart B, Valenta R. Molecular design of allergy vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2005; 17:646-55. [PMID: 16229996 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant-allergen-based diagnostic tests enable the dissection and monitoring of the molecular reactivity profiles of allergic patients, resulting in more specific diagnosis, disease monitoring, prevention and therapy. In vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials in patients demonstrate that allergenic molecules can be engineered to induce different immune responses ranging from tolerance to vigorous immunity. The available data thus suggest that molecular engineering of the disease-related antigens is a technology that may be applicable not only for the design of allergy vaccines but also for the design of vaccines against infectious diseases, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Vega-Maray AM, Fernández-González D, Valencia-Barrera R, Polo F, Seoane-Camba JA, Sudrez-Cervera M. Lipid transfer proteins in Parietaria judaica L. pollen grains: immunocytochemical localization and function. Eur J Cell Biol 2005; 83:493-7. [PMID: 15540466 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parietariajudaica L. (Urticaceae) pollen is considered one of the most common causes of allergic respiratory symptoms in the Mediterranean area. The localization of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) in P. judaica mature and hydrated-activated pollen grains was investigated applying a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with immunocytochemical methods. Our results show that the content of LTPs in P. judaica pollen grains changes during the process of hydration. The localization of judaica LTPs in the cytoplasm and in the lipid bodies associated with vacuoles demonstrated that LTPs represent primarily intracellular proteins. On the other hand, exposure of the pollen grains to germination medium induced the release of LTPs from the pollen grain. Thus, LTPs are cytoplasmic proteins that are secreted to become available for pollen-stigma interactions and probably induce the IgE antibody responses in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Vega-Maray
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of León, León, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Specific immunotherapy is a clinically effective causative treatment for allergic conditions. However, the reagents used for immunotherapy are crude extracts prepared from natural sources with potential life-threatening anaphylactic side effects. Molecular cloning of allergens has made it feasible to design novel therapeutic approaches for improved and safer forms of allergen-specific immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to examine recent advances made in the last 2 years in genetic engineering of allergens for specific immunotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic engineering of allergen with nil or low IgE reactivity but retained T-cell reactivity offers a novel therapeutic approach to improving safety and efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Hypoallergenic forms of major allergens have been produced, with reduced IgE epitopes while preserving other characteristics of the molecule to induce a protective response. SUMMARY Hypoallergenic forms of major allergens are potential candidates for allergen-specific immunotherapy in the future. These genetically engineered hypoallergens now need to be tested in clinical trials before being widely used. Safer and more efficacious vaccines would increase patient compliance leading to extensive use of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Institute of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Gadermaier G, Dedic A, Obermeyer G, Frank S, Himly M, Ferreira F. Biology of weed pollen allergens. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2004; 4:391-400. [PMID: 15283880 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-004-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Weeds represent a heterogeneous group of plants, usually defined by no commercial or aesthetic value. Important allergenic weeds belong to the plant families Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Plantaginaceae. Major allergens from ragweed, mugwort, feverfew, pellitory, goosefoot, Russian thistle, plantain, and Mercurialis pollen have been characterized to varying degrees. Four major families of proteins seem to be the major cause of allergic reactions to weed pollen: the ragweed Amb a 1 family of pectate lyases; the defensin-like Art v 1 family from mugwort, feverfew, and probably also from sunflower; the Ole e 1-like allergens Pla l 1 from plantain and Che a 1 from goosefoot; and the nonspecific lipid transfer proteins Par j 1 and Par j 2 from pellitory. As described for other pollens, weed pollen also contains the panallergens profilin and calcium-binding proteins, which are responsible for extensive cross-reactivity among pollen-sensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gadermaier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Abstract
For more than 90 years, allergen-specific immunotherapy, the only causative allergy treatment, has remained basically unchanged. The development of molecular biology techniques has led to the preparation of individual recombinant allergens from the most important allergen sources. Recombinant allergens can be used to determine the individual sensitization profile of allergic patients and have allowed the development of novel therapeutic tools. This article summarizes data on genetically modified recombinant allergen derivatives with reduced allergenic activity, which may be used to improve the safety and efficacy of specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Ebene 8J, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
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Salcedo G, Sanchez-Monge R, Diaz-Perales A, Garcia-Casado G, Barber D. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins as food and pollen allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1336-41. [PMID: 15347364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several members of the plant non-specific lipid transfer protein (LTP) family have been identified as relevant allergens in foods and pollens. These allergens are highly resistant to both heat treatment and proteolytic digestion. These characteristics have been related with the induction of severe systemic reactions in many patients, and with the possibility of being primary sensitizers by the oral route. A specific geographical distribution pattern of sensitization to LTP allergens has been uncovered. This allergen family is particularly important in the Mediterranean area, but shows a very limited incidence in Central and Northern Europe. The potential role in the plant, as well as the biochemical and allergenic properties of the LTP family, are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salcedo
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review of recent developments in the field of cross-reactivity in food allergy and the clinical relevance of these developments. RECENT FINDINGS New foods have been added to the list of Bet v 1 and profilin-related food allergies. Clinical relevance of cross-reactions based on recognition of carbohydrate determinants and profilin is limited for the population of pollen-allergic patients as a whole. For selected food allergic patients, however, N-glycans and particularly profilin are potentially of clinical relevance. Lipid transfer proteins have further been established as clinically more severe allergens in several foods. This severity is attributed to their stability to proteolysis and processing. Storage proteins of several nuts and seeds have been identified as important allergens, but cross-reactivity between storage proteins of different foods appears to be limited. Using cross-reactivity as the basis for immunotherapy in food allergy seems promising but needs confirmation by double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. SUMMARY The continued identification and characterization of cross-reactive allergens facilitates the study of factors determining clinical relevance of cross-reactivity and of possible efficacy of immunotherapy in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald van Ree
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Westritschnig K, Valenta R. Can we genetically engineer safer and more effective immunotherapy reagents? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 3:495-500. [PMID: 14612675 DOI: 10.1097/00130832-200312000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Progress in allergen-specific immunotherapy, the only causative form of allergy treatment, was limited by the lack of defined allergen molecules for vaccine formulation. Today the genetic informations for the most common allergens have been obtained. Here we review recombinant allergen-based technologies for the improvement of diagnosis and therapy of allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous strategies, including the genetic engineering of allergens for reduction of allergenic activity, have been developed to improve allergen-specific immunotherapy. Genetically modified allergen derivatives with reduced allergenic activity, preserved T cell epitope repertoire and retained immunogenicity have been characterized in vitro and in vivo. SUMMARY Based on the review of the recently published data we argue that it is possible to genetically engineer safer and more effective immunotherapy reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Westritschnig
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Austria
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