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Alves PRMM, Fragoso MBT, Tenório MCS, Bueno NB, Goulart MOF, Oliveira ACM. The role played by oral antioxidant therapies in preventing and treating preeclampsia: An updated meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1277-1292. [PMID: 37246073 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Performing an up-to-date meta-analysis of oral antioxidant therapies and determining whether they are effective in preventing and/or treating preeclampsia (PE). DATA SYNTHESIS Search was performed in PubMed, CENTRAL, LILACS, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. The risk of bias was assessed based on using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A funnel plot was created, and Egger's and Peter's test was carried out to assess publication bias in the primary outcome of prevention studies. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed based on using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Developing and Evaluation (GRADE) tool; a formal protocol was published in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42022348992). In total, 32 studies were taken into consideration for analysis purposes; 22 studies focused on investigating preeclampsia prevention methods, whereas 10 focused on its treatment. Significant results associated with the incidence of preeclampsia were observed in prevention studies comprising 11,198 subjects and 1106 events in the control groups, as well as 11,156 subjects and 1048 events in the intervention groups (relative risk [RR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.75, 0.99], P = 0.03; I2 = 44%, P = 0.02). With respect to outcomes associated with treatment studies, only intrauterine growth restriction has shown significant effects. Egger's and Peter's test has evidenced publication bias. Six outcomes in prevention studies were classified as having low quality and two as having moderate quality, whereas all three outcomes assessed in treatment studies were classified as having moderate quality. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant therapy has shown beneficial effects on preeclampsia prevention; moreover, the positive impact of this therapy on intrauterine growth restriction was observed during the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palloma R M M Alves
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Marilene B T Fragoso
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia (IQB/UFAL), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Micaely C S Tenório
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia (IQB/UFAL), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Nassib B Bueno
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Marília O F Goulart
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia (IQB/UFAL), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Alane C M Oliveira
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104 Norte, Km 96,7, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Piani F, Crescimanno C, Ciavattini A, Giannubilo SR, Marzioni D. Modulation of NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling in Preeclampsia. Cells 2023; 12:1545. [PMID: 37296665 PMCID: PMC10252212 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Placentation is a key and tightly regulated process that ensures the normal development of the placenta and fetal growth. Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive pregnancy-related disorder involving about 5-8% of all pregnancies and clinically characterized by de novo maternal hypertension and proteinuria. In addition, PE pregnancies are also characterized by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS activate NRF2, allowing its binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) region present in the promoter of several antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase that neutralize ROS, protecting cells against oxidative stress damages. In this review, we analyze the current literature regarding the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in preeclamptic pregnancies, discussing the main cellular modulators of this pathway. Moreover, we also discuss the main natural and synthetic compounds that can regulate this pathway in in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Federica Piani
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Crescimanno
- School of Human and Social Science, University “Kore” of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
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Liu S, Fu H, Ray M, Heinsberg LW, Conley YP, Anderson CM, Hubel CA, Roberts JM, Jeyabalan A, Weeks DE, Schmella MJ. A longitudinal epigenome-wide association study of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy. EPIGENETICS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 37063698 PMCID: PMC10101051 DOI: 10.1186/s43682-022-00014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background While preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity/mortality, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. DNA methylation (DNAm) is a dynamic regulator of gene expression that may offer insight into PE pathophysiology and/or serve as a biomarker (e.g., risk, subtype, a therapeutic response). This study's purpose was to evaluate for differences in blood-based DNAm across all trimesters between individuals eventually diagnosed with PE (cases) and individuals who remained normotensive throughout pregnancy, did not develop proteinuria, and birthed a normally grown infant (controls). Results In the discovery phase, longitudinal, genome-wide DNAm data were generated across three trimesters of pregnancy in 56 participants (n=28 cases, n=28 controls) individually matched on self-identified race, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, and gestational age at sample collection. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was conducted, using surrogate variable analysis to account for unwanted sources of variation. No CpGs met the genome-wide significance p value threshold of 9×10-8, but 16 CpGs (trimester 1: 5; trimester 2: 1; trimester 3: 10) met the suggestive significance threshold of 1×10-5. DNAm data were also evaluated for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by PE status. Three DMRs in each trimester were significant after Bonferonni-adjustment. Since only third-trimester samples were available from an independent replication sample (n=64 cases, n=50 controls), the top suggestive hits from trimester 3 (cg16155413 and cg21882990 associated with TRAF3IP2-AS1/TRAF3IP2 genes, which also made up the top DMR) were carried forward for replication. During replication, DNAm data were also generated for validation purposes from discovery phase third trimester samples. While significant associations between DNAm and PE status were observed at both sites in the validation sample, no associations between DNAm and PE status were observed in the independent replication sample. Conclusions The discovery phase findings for cg16155413/cg21882990 (TRAF3IP2-AS1/TRAF3IP2) were validated with a new platform but were not replicated in an independent sample. Given the differences in participant characteristics between the discovery and replication samples, we cannot rule out important signals for these CpGs. Additional research is warranted for cg16155413/cg21882990, as well as top hits in trimesters 1-2 and significant DMRs that were not examined in the replication phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haoyi Fu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lacey W. Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cindy M. Anderson
- Martha S. Pitzer Center for Women, Children and Youth, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carl A. Hubel
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arun Jeyabalan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J. Schmella
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Ramirez-Hincapie S, Giri V, Keller J, Kamp H, Haake V, Richling E, van Ravenzwaay B. Influence of pregnancy and non-fasting conditions on the plasma metabolome in a rat prenatal toxicity study. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2941-2959. [PMID: 34327559 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current parameters for determining maternal toxicity (e.g. clinical signs, food consumption, body weight development) lack specificity and may underestimate the extent of effects of test compounds on the dams. Previous reports have highlighted the use of plasma metabolomics for an improved and mechanism-based identification of maternal toxicity. To establish metabolite profiles of healthy pregnancies and evaluate the influence of food consumption as a confounding factor, metabolite profiling of rat plasma was performed by gas- and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Metabolite changes in response to pregnancy, food consumption prior to blood sampling (non-fasting) as well as the interaction of both conditions were studied. In dams, both conditions, non-fasting and pregnancy, had a marked influence on the plasma metabolome and resulted in distinct individual patterns of changed metabolites. Non-fasting was characterized by increased plasma concentrations of amino acids and diet related compounds and lower levels of ketone bodies. The metabolic profile of pregnant rats was characterized by lower amino acids and glucose levels and higher concentrations of plasma fatty acids, triglycerides and hormones, capturing the normal biochemical changes undergone during pregnancy. The establishment of metabolic profiles of pregnant non-fasted rats serves as a baseline to create metabolic fingerprints for prenatal and maternal toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramirez-Hincapie
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - V Giri
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - J Keller
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - H Kamp
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - V Haake
- BASF Metabolome Solution GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Richling
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - B van Ravenzwaay
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Chronopoulou E, Raperport C, Serhal P, Saab W, Seshadri S. Preconception tests at advanced maternal age. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 70:28-50. [PMID: 33358154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancies at an advanced reproductive age are increasingly common. However, the safety of pregnancy remains a concern as maternal age is a recognized independent factor for various obstetric complications. Also, age is a risk factor for most systematic health problems and older women are more likely to enter into pregnancy with pre-existing conditions. At the moment there is no separate, structured guidance on preconception tests at advanced maternal age. However, the preconceptual period offers an ideal window to recognize and address underlying health issues, social issues and harmful lifestyle behaviours in order to optimize maternal health ultimately reducing infertility, perinatal morbidity and mortality. Preconception tests should be clinically relevant aiming to identify risk factors and address them to predict and prevent infertility and pregnancy complications. The importance of preconception care is magnified for women of advanced age for whom the risks are higher and the potential benefits greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpiniki Chronopoulou
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, Clapton, London, E9 6SR, UK.
| | - Claudia Raperport
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, Clapton, London, E9 6SR, UK
| | - Paul Serhal
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health (CRGH), 230-232 Great Portland St, Fitzrovia, London, W1W 5QS, UK
| | - Wael Saab
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health (CRGH), 230-232 Great Portland St, Fitzrovia, London, W1W 5QS, UK
| | - Srividya Seshadri
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health (CRGH), 230-232 Great Portland St, Fitzrovia, London, W1W 5QS, UK
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Martelli A, Testai L, Colletti A, Cicero AFG. Coenzyme Q 10: Clinical Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040341. [PMID: 32331285 PMCID: PMC7222396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a ubiquitous factor present in cell membranes and mitochondria, both in its reduced (ubiquinol) and oxidized (ubiquinone) forms. Its levels are high in organs with high metabolism such as the heart, kidneys, and liver because it acts as an energy transfer molecule but could be reduced by aging, genetic factors, drugs (e.g., statins), cardiovascular (CV) diseases, degenerative muscle disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. As CoQ10 is endowed with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features, useful to prevent free radical-induced damage and inflammatory signaling pathway activation, its depletion results in exacerbation of inflammatory processes. Therefore, exogenous CoQ10 supplementation might be useful as an adjuvant in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction and in associated risk factors such as hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias, and obesity. This review aims to summarize the current evidences on the use of CoQ10 supplementation as a therapeutic approach in cardiovascular diseases through the analysis of its clinical impact on patients' health and quality of life. A substantial reduction of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers has been observed in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) focused on several of the abovementioned diseases, even if more RCTs, involving a larger number of patients, will be necessary to strengthen these interesting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Via Guelfa 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Via Guelfa 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-512142224
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Teran E, Hernández I, Tana L, Teran S, Galaviz-Hernandez C, Sosa-Macías M, Molina G, Calle A. Mitochondria and Coenzyme Q10 in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1561. [PMID: 30498451 PMCID: PMC6249996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy constitute one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality across the world and particularly in developing countries such as Ecuador. However, despite its impact on public health, the primary pathophysiological processes involved are yet to be elucidated. It has been proposed, among other theories, that an abnormal placentation may induce an endothelial dysfunction, which is ultimately responsible for the final clinical manifestations. Mitochondria, particularly from trophoblastic cells, are responsible for the production of energy, which is extremely important for normal placentation. The malfunction in this supply of energy may produce higher levels of free radicals. In both production of energy and free radicals, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a crucial role in electron transport. As such, the role of CoQ10 in the genesis and prevention of preeclampsia has become the focus of a number of research groups, including that of the authors. Developing an in-depth understanding of these mechanisms might allow us to design new and feasible strategies with which we can reduce preeclampsia, particularly in the Latin-American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Facultad de Enfermería, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Leandro Tana
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Gustavo Molina
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Calle
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Sanches JM, Giraldo PC, Amaral R, Eberlin MN, Marques LA, Migliorini I, Nakahira M, Bieleveld MJM, Discacciati MG. Vaginal lipidomics of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis: A non-targeted LC-MS pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202401. [PMID: 30133508 PMCID: PMC6105002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the lipid profile in vaginal discharge of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, cytolytic vaginosis, or no vaginal infection or dysbiosis. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Genital Infections Ambulatory, Department of Tocogynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo–Brazil. Sample Twenty-four women were included in this study: eight with vulvovaginal candidiasis, eight with cytolytic vaginosis and eight with no vaginal infections or dysbiosis (control group). Methods The lipid profile in vaginal discharge of the different study groups was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and further analyzed with MetaboAnalyst 3.0 platform. Main outcome measures Vaginal lipids concentration and its correlation with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis. Results PCA, PLS-DA and hierarchical clustering analyses indicated 38 potential lipid biomarkers for the different groups, correlating with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and integrity of the vaginal epithelial tissue. Among these, greater concentrations were found for Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-7-sulfate, O-adipoylcarnitine, 1-eicosyl-2-heptadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine, undecanoic acid, formyl dodecanoate and lipoic acid in the vulvovaginal candidiasis group; N–(tetradecanoyl)-sphinganine, DL-PPMP, 1-oleoyl-cyclic phosphatidic, palmitic acid and 5-aminopentanoic acid in the cytolytic vaginosis group; and 1-nonadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphate, eicosadienoic acid, 1-stearoyl-cyclic-phosphatidic acid, 1-(9Z,12Z-heptadecadienoyl)-glycero-3-phosphate, formyl 9Z-tetradecenoate and 7Z,10Z-hexadecadienoic acid in the control group. Conclusions Lipids related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in higher concentrations in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis, while lipids related to epithelial tissue integrity were more pronounced in the control group. Furthermore, in women with cytolytic vaginosis, we observed higher concentrations of lipids related to bacterial overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcos Sanches
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Paulo César Giraldo
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rose Amaral
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabel Migliorini
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Nakahira
- Campinas State University, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maierean SM, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Grzesiak M, Mazidi M, Maciejewski M, Banach M. The potential role of statins in preeclampsia and dyslipidemia during gestation: a narrative review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:427-435. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1465927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariusz Grzesiak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Moshen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marek Maciejewski
- Department of Cardiology, Chair of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona-Gora, Zielona-Gora, Poland
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Liu M, Lu S. Plastoquinone and Ubiquinone in Plants: Biosynthesis, Physiological Function and Metabolic Engineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1898. [PMID: 28018418 PMCID: PMC5159609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastoquinone (PQ) and ubiquinone (UQ) are two important prenylquinones, functioning as electron transporters in the electron transport chain of oxygenic photosynthesis and the aerobic respiratory chain, respectively, and play indispensable roles in plant growth and development through participating in the biosynthesis and metabolism of important chemical compounds, acting as antioxidants, being involved in plant response to stress, and regulating gene expression and cell signal transduction. UQ, particularly UQ10, has also been widely used in people's life. It is effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, chronic gingivitis and periodontitis, and shows favorable impact on cancer treatment and human reproductive health. PQ and UQ are made up of an active benzoquinone ring attached to a polyisoprenoid side chain. Biosynthesis of PQ and UQ is very complicated with more than thirty five enzymes involved. Their synthetic pathways can be generally divided into two stages. The first stage leads to the biosynthesis of precursors of benzene quinone ring and prenyl side chain. The benzene quinone ring for UQ is synthesized from tyrosine or phenylalanine, whereas the ring for PQ is derived from tyrosine. The prenyl side chains of PQ and UQ are derived from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate through the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway and/or acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA through the mevalonate pathway. The second stage includes the condensation of ring and side chain and subsequent modification. Homogentisate solanesyltransferase, 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase and a series of benzene quinone ring modification enzymes are involved in this stage. PQ exists in plants, while UQ widely presents in plants, animals and microbes. Many enzymes and their encoding genes involved in PQ and UQ biosynthesis have been intensively studied recently. Metabolic engineering of UQ10 in plants, such as rice and tobacco, has also been tested. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research progresses in the biosynthetic pathways of PQ and UQ and enzymes and their encoding genes involved in side chain elongation and in the second stage of PQ and UQ biosynthesis. Physiological functions of PQ and UQ played in plants as well as the practical application and metabolic engineering of PQ and UQ are also included.
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Matsuzaki M, Haruna M, Ota E, Murayama R, Yamaguchi T, Shioji I, Sasaki S, Yamaguchi T, Murashima S. Effects of lifestyle factors on urinary oxidative stress and serum antioxidant markers in pregnant Japanese women: A cohort study. Biosci Trends 2015; 8:176-84. [PMID: 25030853 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2014.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major pathological role in pregnancy-related complications. Although oxidative stress is induced by exogenous toxins in association with a poor lifestyle in normal subjects, there is little information on the factors altering oxidative stress and antioxidant levels during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between lifestyle factors and oxidative stress/antioxidant levels during each trimester and 1-month postpartum. This prospective cohort study followed 54 healthy women through pregnancy; first, second, and third trimester and 1-month postpartum. Participants were administered a questionnaire on characteristics and lifestyle factors. Morning blood and urine samples were obtained to measure urinary biopyrrins and serum coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels. The levels of urinary biopyrrins and serum CoQ10 increased significantly throughout pregnancy, with peak values registered during the third trimester. Higher biopyrrin levels were significantly associated with non-consumption of morning meal during the first trimester, smoking during the third trimester and 1-month postpartum, alcohol consumption during the third trimester, high food-based polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during the third trimester, and poor mental health scores during the first and third trimesters. Higher CoQ10 levels were significantly associated with no smoking during pregnancy and at 1-month postpartum, and with a high frequency of exercise during the third trimester and 1-month postpartum. Thus, pregnancy represents a state of oxidative stress, which can be counterbalanced by increased levels of antioxidants, such as CoQ10. We speculate that certain lifestyle choices such as avoiding smoking can reduce oxidative stress and increase antioxidant levels during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Matsuzaki
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Shamim AA, Schulze K, Merrill RD, Kabir A, Christian P, Shaikh S, Wu L, Ali H, Labrique AB, Mehra S, Klemm RDW, Rashid M, Sungpuag P, Udomkesmalee E, West KP. First-trimester plasma tocopherols are associated with risk of miscarriage in rural Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:294-301. [PMID: 25646326 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.094920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocopherols were discovered for their role in animal reproduction, but little is known about the contribution of deficiencies of vitamin E to human pregnancy loss. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether higher first-trimester concentrations of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were associated with reduced odds of miscarriage (pregnancy losses <24 wk of gestation) in women in rural Bangladesh. DESIGN A case-cohort study in 1605 pregnant Bangladeshi women [median (IQR) gestational age: 10 wk (8-13 wk)] who participated in a placebo-controlled vitamin A- or β-carotene-supplementation trial was done to assess ORs of miscarriage in women with low α-tocopherol (<12.0 μmol/L) and γ-tocopherol (<0.81 μmol/L; upper tertile cutoff of the γ-tocopherol distribution in women who did not miscarry). RESULTS In all women, plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were low [median (IQR): 10.04 μmol/L (8.07-12.35 μmol/L) and 0.66 μmol/L (0.50-0.95 μmol/L), respectively]. In a logistic regression analysis that was adjusted for cholesterol and the other tocopherol, low α-tocopherol was associated with an OR of 1.83 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.20), whereas a low γ-tocopherol concentration was associated with an OR of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.93) for miscarriage. Subgroup analyses revealed that opposing ORs were evident only in women with BMI (in kg/m(2)) ≥18.5 and serum ferritin concentration ≤150 μg/L, although low BMI and elevated ferritin conferred stronger risk of miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS In pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, low plasma α-tocopherol was associated with increased risk of miscarriage, and low γ-tocopherol was associated with decreased risk of miscarriage. Maternal vitamin E status in the first trimester may influence risk of early pregnancy loss. The JiVitA-1 study, from which data for this report were derived, was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00198822.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Ahmed Shamim
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Kerry Schulze
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Rebecca D Merrill
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Alamgir Kabir
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Parul Christian
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Saijuddin Shaikh
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Lee Wu
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Hasmot Ali
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Alain B Labrique
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Sucheta Mehra
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Rolf D W Klemm
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Mahbubur Rashid
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Pongtorn Sungpuag
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Emorn Udomkesmalee
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
| | - Keith P West
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (AAS, KS, RDM, PC, SS, LW, HA, ABL, SM, RDWK, and KPW); The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh (AAS, AK, SS, HA, and MR); and the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (PS and EU)
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Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid coenzyme Q10 levels in preterm and term gestations: a pilot study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 283 Suppl 1:67-71. [PMID: 21547699 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-1894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure maternal plasma and amniotic fluid coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels in preterm and term gestations. STUDY DESIGN This pilot study comprised a convenience sample of 72 women admitted for labor with singleton live gestations and intact membranes (preterm n = 27 and term n = 45). RESULTS Median [interquartile range] maternal plasma CoQ10 levels did not differ among the studied women (preterm, 0.47 [0.12] vs. term, 0.47 [0.23] mmol/L, p = 0.90). Overall CoQ10 amniotic fluid levels were nearly tenfold lower than those found in maternal plasma, with a significant lower level observed among those delivering preterm (0.050 [0.05] vs. 0.062 [0.04] mmol/L, p = 0.007). Multiple linear regression analysis controlling for several covariates determined a significant correlation between amniotic fluid CoQ10 levels and neonatal gestational age. CONCLUSION This is the first study to assess CoQ10 levels in amniotic fluid during pregnancy in which levels were significantly lower among those delivering preterm. More research is warranted in this regard.
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Matsuzaki M, Haruna M, Hasumi Y, Sekine K, Tanizaki T, Watanabe E, Murashima S. Ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 levels in umbilical cord blood of healthy foetuses and the venous blood of their mothers. Free Radic Res 2011; 44:1338-44. [PMID: 20815779 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.503758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite their being good markers of oxidative stress for clinical use, little is known about ubiquinol-10 (reduced coenzyme Q10) and ubiquinone-10 (oxidized coenzyme Q10) levels in foetuses and their mothers. This study investigates oxidative stress in 10 healthy maternal venous, umbilical arterial and venous bloods after vaginal delivery by measuring ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 levels. Serum ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 levels were measured by HPLC with a highly sensitive electrochemical detector. Maternal venous ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 levels were significantly higher than umbilical arterial and venous levels (all p < 0.001). However, the ubiquinone-10/total coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) ratio, which reflects the redox status, was significantly higher in umbilical arterial and umbilical venous blood compared to maternal venous blood (all p < 0.001). The ubiquinone-10/total CoQ10 ratio was higher in umbilical arterial than in umbilical venous blood (p < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that foetuses were under higher oxidative stress than their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Matsuzaki
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Effects of oral, vaginal, and transdermal hormonal contraception on serum levels of coenzyme q(10), vitamin e, and total antioxidant activity. Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20814444 PMCID: PMC2929620 DOI: 10.1155/2010/925635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the transdermal contraceptive patch is associated with greater bioavailability of ethinyl estradiol (EE) compared with contraceptive vaginal ring or oral contraceptives (OC). We compared the influences of three contraceptive methods (OC, vaginal ring, and transdermal patch) on serum levels of coenzyme Q(10), alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and total antioxidant capacity in premenopausal women. Blood samples from 30 premenopausal women who used hormonal contraception for at least 4 months were collected. Forty subjects who did not use any contraception were studied as control. Serum levels of coenzyme Q(10), alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Serum samples were also assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). Serum levels of coenzyme Q(10) and alpha-tocopherol were found to be significantly lower (P < .05) in all three contraceptive users compared with controls. Contraceptive patch users had the lowest levels of coenzyme Q(10) levels compared with normal subjects. Serum TAOC levels were significantly lower (P < .05) among the contraceptive user groups. Alterations in coenzyme Q(10) and alpha-tocopherol induced by hormonal contraception and the potential effect(s) of exogenous ovarian hormones should be taken into consideration in future antioxidant research.
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Coenzyme Q10 supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 105:43-5. [PMID: 19154996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) during pregnancy reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia. METHODS Women at increased risk of pre-eclampsia were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Women were assigned to receive 200 mg of CoQ10 or placebo daily from 20 weeks of pregnancy until delivery. The primary outcome was rate of pre-eclampsia. Statistical analyses were by intention-to-treat. RESULTS Of the 235 women enrolled in the trial, 118 were randomized to receive CoQ10 and 117 received a placebo. A total of 197 (83.8%) women were followed-up. The overall rate of pre-eclampsia was 20% (n=47). Thirty women (25.6%) in the placebo group developed pre-eclampsia compared with 17 women (14.4%) in the CoQ10 group, and this reduction was significant (P=0.035) (relative risk [RR] 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.96). CONCLUSION Supplementation with CoQ10 reduces the risk of developing pre-eclampsia in women at risk for the condition.
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Teran E, Chedraui P, Racines-Orbe M, Vivero S, Villena F, Duchicela F, Nacevilla L, Schwager G, Calle A. Coenzyme Q10 levels in women with preeclampsia living at different altitudes. Biofactors 2008; 32:185-90. [PMID: 19096115 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520320122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a common disorder of pregnancy exhibiting abnormal plasma and placental coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels when compared to normal pregnancies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate CoQ10 levels both in plasma and placenta among normal pregnant (n = 60) and preeclamptic (n = 63) primigravid women and determine the effect of high or low altitude residency. STUDY DESIGN CoQ10 was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique and group comparisons were performed. RESULTS Preeclamptic women living at high altitude displayed significantly lower CoQ10 plasma levels (0.64 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.82 +/- 0.46 micromol/L, p = 0.05). No differences were found in CoQ10 plasma levels among women living at sea level. Interestingly, plasma CoQ10 levels at low altitude in normal pregnancies were significantly lower than high altitude normal pregnancies. Compared to normal pregnancies, preeclamptic women displayed higher placental CoQ10 content, which was only significant among those living at sea level (0.120 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.076 +/- 0.04 ng/mg protein, p < 0.005). Normal pregnant women living at high altitude displayed higher placental CoQ10 content when compared to those residing at sea level (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION Women suffering from preeclampsia (high or low altitude) display high placental CoQ10 content, with significant low plasma CoQ10 levels among those residing in high altitude. More research is warranted to establish the cause-effect relationship between CoQ10 levels and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Teran
- Biomedical Center, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
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Milczarek R, Sokolowska E, Hallmann A, Klimek J. The NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental microsomes. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 295:105-11. [PMID: 16896536 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In pregnant females, placenta is the most important source of lipid hydroperoxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased production of lipid peroxides is often linked to preeclampsia. In our study, we revealed that NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental microsomes (HPM) occurred. In the presence of Fe2+ ion, HPM produced small amounts of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) - a final product of lipid peroxidation. NADPH caused a strong increase of iron stimulated TBARS formation. TBARS formation was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, butylated hydroxytoluene and alpha-tocopherol but not by mannitol or catalase. TBARS and superoxide radical production was inhibited in similar manner by cytochrome P450 inhibitors. The results obtained led us to the following conclusions: (1) microsomal lipid peroxidation next to mitochondrial lipid peroxidation may by an important source of lipid hydroperoxides in blood during pregnancy and (2) superoxide radical released by microsomal cytochrome P450 is an important factor in NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in HPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Milczarek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Palan PR, Magneson AT, Castillo M, Dunne J, Mikhail MS. Effects of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194:e35-8. [PMID: 16647895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-section study, nonfasting blood samples were collected twice from 10 healthy premenopausal women during the follicular phase (between days 8 and 11) and the luteal phase (between days 18 and 22) of their same menstrual cycle. In addition, blood samples from 15 premenopausal women who used oral contraceptive for at least 6 months and 40 women who did not use oral contraceptive were collected randomly at any day of the menstrual cycle. Serum levels of coenzyme Q10, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and lycopene were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS Serum coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly lower during the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase of the same menstrual cycle (P < .05). Oral contraceptive use also significantly decreased coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol (P < .001). Other antioxidant levels were comparable. CONCLUSION Alterations in coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol levels during the menstrual cycle and in oral contraceptive users should be taken into consideration, concerning the future antioxidant research in premenopausal women. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormones on oxidative stress in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhudas R Palan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Gupta S, Agarwal A, Sharma RK. The role of placental oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2006; 60:807-16. [PMID: 16359563 DOI: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000193879.79268.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Preeclampsia is a complex multisystem disorder exclusively seen in human species that is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. This disorder has the highest maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality of all pregnancy-related complications. Growing evidence suggests that placental oxidative stress is involved in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. Reduced perfusion as a result of abnormal placentation leads to ischemia reperfusion injury to the placenta. Placental oxidative stress, which results from the ischemia reperfusion injury, is being increasingly reported to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. It has been proposed as a promoter of lipid peroxidation and the endothelial cell dysfunction that is commonly seen in this condition. Although preeclampsia is characterized by increased lipid peroxidation and diminished antioxidant capacity, there is no consensus regarding causality of lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia. In this article, we address the question of the biologic association of lipid peroxidation and preeclampsia. Lipid peroxidation and leukocyte activation may play a pivotal role in endothelial cell dysfunction. We also review the different factors that have been proposed to cause endothelial cell dysfunction in preeclampsia, trials investigating the role of antioxidant supplementation in preeclampsia, and the lack of consensus among the trials. Additional longitudinal studies are necessary to determine if the various oxidative stress biomarkers estimated early in pregnancy can be narrowed to a single marker for predicting preeclampsia. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this article, the reader should be able to recall that placental oxidative stress is involved in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia, state that placental oxidative stress results from ischemic reperfusion injury, and explain that ischemic reperfusion injury is a promoter of lipid peroxidation and endothelial cell dysfunction seen in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Gupta
- Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, Infertility, and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute and the Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.gco.0000194327.87451.dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodrigo R, Parra M, Bosco C, Fernández V, Barja P, Guajardo J, Messina R. Pathophysiological basis for the prophylaxis of preeclampsia through early supplementation with antioxidant vitamins. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 107:177-97. [PMID: 15896847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder that remains a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and death. To date, no treatment has been found that prevents the development of the disease. Endothelial dysfunction is considered to underlie its clinical manifestations, such as maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and edema; however, the precise biochemical pathways involved remain unclear. A current hypothesis invokes the occurrence of oxidative stress as pathogenically important, as suggested by the fact that in PE, the placental and circulating levels of lipid peroxidation products (F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde [MDA]) are increased and endothelial cells are activated. A potential mechanism for endothelial dysfunction may occur via nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation by oxidative stress. Alternatively, the idea that the antiangiogenic placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 factor (sFlt1) is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease is just emerging; however, other pathophysiological events seem to precede its increased production. This review is focused on evidence providing a pathophysiological basis for the beneficial effect of early antioxidant therapy in the prevention of PE, mainly supported by the biological effects of vitamins C and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile.
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Teran E, Vivero S, Racines-Orbe M, Castellanos A, Chuncha G, Enriquez G, Moya W. Coenzyme Q10 is increased in placenta and cord blood during preeclampsia. Biofactors 2005; 25:153-8. [PMID: 16873940 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520250117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common (approximately 7% of all pregnancies) disorder of pregnancy in which the normal hemodynamic response to pregnancy is compromised. Despite many years of intensive research, the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is still not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) in placental tissue compared to maternal and umbilical cord levels both during normal pregnancy and in those complicated with preeclampsia. Pregnant women (n = 30) and women with preeclampsia (n = 30) were included. Maternal, newborn cord blood levels and placental content of coenzyme Q(10) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma coenzyme Q(10) levels were significantly higher in normal pregnant women than in women with preeclampsia. CoQ(10) content in placenta from women with preeclampsia (mean 0.28 SEM 0.11 nmol/mg protein) was significantly higher compared to normal pregnancy (mean 0.09 SEM 0.01 nmol/mg protein; p = 0.05). Levels of CoQ(10) in cord blood from normal pregnant women (mean 0.30 SEM 0.05 micromol/l) were significantly lower than in preeclamptic women (mean 4.03 SEM 2.38 micromol/l). In conclusion, these data indicate a possible involvement of CoQ(10) in preeclampsia that might bear deep physiopathological significance and deserve to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Teran
- Experimental Pharmacology and Cellular Metabolism Unit, Biomedical Center, Central University of Ecuador, Quito.
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Giannubilo SR, Tranquilli AL, Santolini C, Prinicipi F, Mancinelli R, Littarru GP. Placental CoQ10 levels in HELLP syndrome. Biofactors 2005; 25:159-63. [PMID: 16873941 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered a key factor in HELLP syndrome, a severe complication of preeclampsia in pregnancy. In the present study we analysed the content of Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)), a fundamental component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and recognized lipophilic antioxidant, in placentas from women affected by HELLP syndrome and compared them with the relative controls. Twenty-eight patients with HELLP syndrome and twenty-eight age-matched healthy pregnant controls were enrolled. Two aliquots of placental tissue were taken immediately after delivery and placed into liquid nitrogen. Thawed samples were homogenised by Ultra-Turrax; total protein and CoQ(10) concentration were thereafter analysed. CoQ(10) concentration was 0.162 +/- 0.07 microg/mg protein in HELLP syndrome versus 0.87 +/- 0.003 microg/mg protein in controls, the difference being highly significant. A positive correlation, within the placentas from HELLP, was found between the weight of the new-born and CoQ(10)/protein ratio. A significant positive correlation was also present between CoQ(10)/protein ratio and Apgar at 1st and 5th minute as well as between CoQ(10)/protein ratio and the median cerebral artery pulsatility index. The increase in placental CoQ(10) in this syndrome might derive from a compensatory mechanism in a situation of increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano R Giannubilo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Miles MV, Horn PS, Tang PH, Morrison JA, Miles L, DeGrauw T, Pesce AJ. Age-related changes in plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations and redox state in apparently healthy children and adults. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 347:139-44. [PMID: 15313151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2004] [Revised: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) is an endogenous enzyme cofactor, which may provide protective benefits as an antioxidant. Because age-related CoQ changes and deficiency states have been described, there is a need to establish normal ranges in healthy children. The objectives of this study are to determine if age-related differences in reduced CoQ (ubiquinol), oxidized CoQ (ubiquinone), and CoQ redox state exist in childhood, and to establish reference intervals for these analytes in healthy children. METHODS Apparently healthy children (n=68) were selected from individuals with no history of current acute illness, medically diagnosed disease, or current medication treatment. Self-reported healthy adults (n=106) were selected from the ongoing Princeton Follow-up Study in greater Cincinnati. Participants were assessed for lipid profiles, ubiquinol concentration, ubiquinone concentration, total CoQ concentration, and CoQ redox ratio. RESULTS Mean total CoQ and ubiquinol concentrations are similar in younger children (0.2-7.6 years) and adults (29-78 years); however, lipid-adjusted total CoQ concentrations are significantly increased in younger children. Also CoQ redox ratio is significantly increased in younger and older children compared with adults. CONCLUSIONS Elevated CoQ and redox ratios in children may be an indication of oxidative stress effects, which are associated with early development of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Miles
- Divisions of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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