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Ronceret A, Vielle-Calzada JP. Meiosis, unreduced gametes, and parthenogenesis: implications for engineering clonal seed formation in crops. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:91-102. [PMID: 25796397 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis and unreduced gametes. Sexual flowering plants produce meiotically derived cells that give rise to the male and female haploid gametophytic phase. In the ovule, usually a single precursor (the megaspore mother cell) undergoes meiosis to form four haploid megaspores; however, numerous mutants result in the formation of unreduced gametes, sometimes showing female specificity, a phenomenon reminiscent of the initiation of gametophytic apomixis. Here, we review the developmental events that occur during female meiosis and megasporogenesis at the light of current possibilities to engineer unreduced gamete formation. We also provide an overview of the current understanding of mechanisms leading to parthenogenesis and discuss some of the conceptual implications for attempting the induction of clonal seed production in cultivated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Ronceret
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Simanovsky SA, Matveevsky SN, Iordanskaya IV, Spangenberg VE, Kolomiets OL, Bogdanov YF. Spiral cores of synaptonemal complex lateral elements at the diplotene stage in rye include the ASY1 protein. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dolmatovich TV, Malyshev SV, Sosnikhina SP, Tsvetkova NV, Kartel NA, Voylokov AV. Mapping of meiotic genes in rye (Secale cereale L.): Localization of sy19 mutation, impairing homologous synapsis, by means of isozyme and microsatellite markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Golubtsov SV, Sosnikhina SP, Iordanskaya IV, Voilokov AV, Mikhailova EI, Kolomiets OL, Bogdanov YF. Semisterile meiotic mutant sy11 with heterologous chromosome synapsis in rye Secale cereale L. RUSS J GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795410060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Malyshev SV, Dolmatovich TV, Voylokov AV, Sosnikhina SP, Tsvetkova NV, Lovtsus AV, Kartel’ NA. Molecular genetic mapping of the sy1 and sy9 asynaptic genes in rye (Secale cereale L.) using microsatellite and isozyme markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795409120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sosnikhina SP, Mikhailova EI, Tsvetkova NV, Voylokov AV, Lovtsyus AV, Iordanskaya IV, Kolomiets OL, Bogdanov YF. Impairment of homologous chromosome synapsis in meiosis in rye Secale cereale L. Caused by a recessive mutation of the sy18 gene. RUSS J GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795409110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jenkins G, Phillips D, Mikhailova EI, Timofejeva L, Jones RN. Meiotic genes and proteins in cereals. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 120:291-301. [PMID: 18504358 DOI: 10.1159/000121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the current status of our understanding and knowledge of the genes and proteins controlling meiosis in five major cereals, rye, wheat, barley, rice and maize. For each crop, we describe the genetic and genomic infrastructure available to investigators, before considering the inventory of genes and proteins that have roles to play in this process. Emphasis is given throughout as to how translational genomic and proteomic approaches have enabled us to circumvent some of the intractable features of this important group of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jenkins
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK.
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Sanchez-Moran E, Osman K, Higgins J, Pradillo M, Cuñado N, Jones G, Franklin F. ASY1 coordinates early events in the plant meiotic recombination pathway. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 120:302-12. [DOI: 10.1159/000121079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bozza C, Pawlowski W. The cytogenetics of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis in plants. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 120:313-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Sosnikhina SP, Mikhailova EI, Tikholiz OA, Tsvetkova NV, Lovtsyus AV, Sapronova OS, Fedotova YS, Kolomiets OL, Bogdanov YF. Expression and Inheritance of a desynaptic phenotype with impaired homologous synapsis in rye. RUSS J GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795407100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Expression and functional analysis of TaASY1 during meiosis of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:65. [PMID: 17683575 PMCID: PMC1971066 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes is required for normal chromosome segregation and the exchange of genetic material via recombination during meiosis. Synapsis is complete at pachytene following the formation of a tri-partite proteinaceous structure known as the synaptonemal complex (SC). In yeast, HOP1 is essential for formation of the SC, and localises along chromosome axes during prophase I. Homologues in Arabidopsis (AtASY1), Brassica (BoASY1) and rice (OsPAIR2) have been isolated through analysis of mutants that display decreased fertility due to severely reduced synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Analysis of these genes has indicated that they play a similar role to HOP1 in pairing and formation of the SC through localisation to axial/lateral elements of the SC. Results The full length wheat cDNA and genomic clone, TaASY1, has been isolated, sequenced and characterised. TaASY1 is located on chromosome Group 5 and the open reading frame displays significant nucleotide sequence identity to OsPAIR2 (84%) and AtASY1 (63%). Transcript and protein analysis showed that expression is largely restricted to meiotic tissue, with elevated levels during the stages of prophase I when pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes occur. Immunolocalisation using transmission electron microscopy showed TaASY1 interacts with chromatin that is associated with both axial elements before SC formation as well as lateral elements of formed SCs. Conclusion TaASY1 is a homologue of ScHOP1, AtASY1 and OsPAIR2 and is the first gene to be isolated from bread wheat that is involved in pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes.
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Bogdanov YF, Grishaeva TM, Dadashev SY. Similarity of the domain structure of proteins as a basis for the conservation of meiosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 257:83-142. [PMID: 17280896 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)57003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is conserved in all eucaryotic kingdoms, and homologous rows of variability are revealed for the cytological traits of meiosis. To find the nature of these phenomenons, we reviewed the most-studied meiosis-specific proteins and studied them with the methods of bioinformatics. We found that synaptonemal complex proteins have no homology of amino-acid sequence, but are similar in the domain organization and three-dimensional (3D) structure of functionally important domains in budding yeast, nematode, Drosophila, Arabidopsis, and human. Recombination proteins of Rad51/Dmc1 family are conserved to the extent which permits them to make filamentous single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA)-protein intermediates of meiotic recombination. The same structural principles are valid for conservation of the ultrastructure of kinetochores, cell gap contacts, and nuclear pore complexes, such as in the cases when ultrastructure 3D parameters are important for the function. We suggest that self-assembly of protein molecules plays a significant role in building-up of all biological structures mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu F Bogdanov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Mikhailova EI, Phillips D, Sosnikhina SP, Lovtsyus AV, Jones RN, Jenkins G. Molecular assembly of meiotic proteins Asy1 and Zyp1 and pairing promiscuity in rye (Secale cereale L.) and its synaptic mutant sy10. Genetics 2006; 174:1247-58. [PMID: 16980383 PMCID: PMC1667052 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.064105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly of two orthologous proteins associated with meiotic chromosome axes in Arabidopsis thaliana (Asy1 and Zyp1) was studied immunologically at meiotic prophase of meiosis of wild-type rye (Secale cereale) and its synaptic mutant sy10, using antibodies derived from A. thaliana. The temporal and spatial expression of the two proteins were similar in wild-type rye, but with one notable difference. Unlike A. thaliana, in which foci of the transverse filament protein Zyp1 appear to linearize commensurately with synapsis, linear tracts of Asy1 and Zyp1 protein form independently at leptotene and early zygotene of rye and coalign into triple structures resembling synaptonemal complexes (SCs) only at later stages of synapsis. The sy10 mutant used in this study also forms spatially separate linear tracts of Asy1 and Zyp1 proteins at leptotene and early zygotene, and these coalign but do not form regular triple structures at midprophase. Electron microscopy of spread axial elements reveals extensive asynapsis with some exchanges of pairing partners. Indiscriminate SCs support nonhomologous chiasma formation at metaphase I, as revealed by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization enabling reliable identification of all the chromosomes of the complement. Scrutiny of chiasmate associations of chromosomes at this stage revealed some specificity in the associations of homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes. Inferences about the nature of synapsis in this mutant were drawn from such observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Mikhailova
- Department of Genetics, Saint Petersburg State University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
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Osman K, Sanchez-Moran E, Higgins JD, Jones GH, Franklin FCH. Chromosome synapsis in Arabidopsis: analysis of the transverse filament protein ZYP1 reveals novel functions for the synaptonemal complex. Chromosoma 2006; 115:212-9. [PMID: 16421735 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-005-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With respect to history, plants have provided an ideal system for cytogenetical analysis of the synaptonemal complex (SC). However, until recently, the identification of the genes that encode the SC in plants has proved elusive. In recent years, Arabidopsis thaliana was developed as a model system for plant meiosis research. As a result, there was substantial progress in the isolation of meiotic genes and this has recently led to the isolation of the first plant SC gene, ZYP1. The ZYP1 gene encodes a transverse filament (TF) protein that is predicted to have structural similarity to TF proteins found in other organisms. Analysis of plants deficient in ZYP1 expression has provided important insights into the function of the SC in plants. Loss of ZYP1 has only a limited effect on the overall level of recombination. However, it is associated with extensive nonhomologous recombination leading to multivalent formation at metaphase I. This phenomenon was not previously reported in other organisms. It is important to note that cytological analysis of the ZYP1 deficient lines indicates that SC formation is not required for the imposition of crossover interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Osman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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