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Exploring the value of pleural fluid biomarkers for complementary pleural effusion disease examination. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 94:107559. [PMID: 34412001 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pleural fluid biomarkers are beneficial for the complementary diagnosis of pleural effusion etiologies. This study focuses on the multidimensional evaluation of deep learning to investigate the pleural effusion biomarkers value and the diagnostic utility of combining these markers, in distinguishing pleural effusion etiologies. METHODS Pleural effusion were divided into three groups according to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines: malignant pleural effusion (MPE), parapneumonic effusion (PPE), and congestive heart failure (CHF). First, the value of the biomarker was analyzed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Then by utilizing deep learning and entropy weight method (EWM), the clinical value of biomarkers was computed multidimensionally for complementary diagnosis of pleural effusion diseases. RESULTS There were significant differences in the six biomarkers, TP, ADA, CEA, CYFRA211, NSE, MNC% (p < 0.05) and no significant differences in three physical characteristics including color, transparency, specific gravity and six other biomarkers such as WBC, PNC%, MTC%, pH level, GLU, LDH (p > 0.05) among the three pleural effusion groups. The comprehensive test of pleural fluid biomarkers based on deep learning is of high accuracy. The clinical value of cytomorphology biomarkers WBC, MNC %, PNC %, MTC % was higher among pleural fluid biomarkers. CONCLUSION The clinical value of multi-dimensional analysis of biomarkers by deep learning and entropy weight method is different from the ROC curve analysis. It is suggested that during the clinical examination process, more attention should be paid to the cell morphology biomarkers, but the physical properties of the pleural fluid are less clinical significance.
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Ghasemi H, Mousavibahar SH, Hashemnia M, Karimi J, Khodadadi I, Tavilani H. Transitional cell carcinoma matrix stiffness regulates the osteopontin and YAP expression in recurrent patients. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4253-4262. [PMID: 34086159 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells translate the mechanosensing of extracellular matrix component dysregulation and stiffness into the signal transduction including Osteopontin (OPN) through the Hippo pathway. But how extracellular matrix (ECM) component dysregulation and stiffness are ultimately linked to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) development remains poorly understood. This study was aimed to evaluate the possible links between ECM component alteration after cancer surgery and OPN and Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression in TCC and adjacent tissues. In this study, we used 50 TCC (25 newly diagnosed and 25 recurrent) and 50 adjacent tissues to determine the tissue stiffness using atomic force microscopy. The mRNA expression of SPP1, Indian hedgehog (IHH), and YAP was also determined using qRT-PCR. Western blotting and ELISA were performed to assess the tissue and serum levels of OPN, respectively. To assess the glycoproteins and elastic fibers content, Periodic Acid Schiff, and Verhoeff-Van Gieson Staining were performed, respectively. Matrix stiffness was markedly higher in TCCs than adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis showed that YAP, SPP1, and IHH genes were upregulated in TCC tissues (p < 0.05). Additionally, the OPN protein overexpression was observed in the tissue and the serum of TCC patients (p < 0.05). We also found that glycoproteins, elastic fibers content of recurrent TCC tissues was remarkably higher as compared to adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that glycoproteins and elastic fibers content modulation and ECM stiffness may upregulates the expression of YAP, SPP1 and IHH genes, and possibly contribute to the TCC development and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Ghasemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Urology & Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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3
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Liu SY, Ahsan Bilal M, Zhu JH, Li SM. Diagnostic value of serum human epididymis protein 4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:1167-1176. [PMID: 33133384 PMCID: PMC7579729 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i10.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is overexpressed in various malignant tissues including ovarian, endometrial, lung, breast, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. However, no study has examined the diagnostic impact of HE4 in patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) until now.
AIM To analyze the value of four serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of ESCC, and examine the associations of serum levels of HE4 with ESCC patients’ clinicopathological characteristics.
METHODS The case group consisted of 80 ESCC patients, which were compared to a control group of 56 patients with benign esophageal disease. Serum levels of HE4, carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetal protein, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were detected by ELISA. The associations of serum HE4 levels with ESCC patients’ clinicopathological characteristics such as gender, tumor location, and pathological stage were also examined after operation.
RESULTS The result of ELISA showed that serum HE4 level was significantly higher in the patients with ESCC than in the controls, and the staining intensity was inversely correlated with the pathological T and N stages. Serum HE4 levels had a sensitivity of 66.2% and specificity of 78.6% when the cutoff value was set at 3.9 ng/mL. Moreover, the combined HE4 and CA19-9 increased the sensitivity to 83.33%, and interestingly, the combination of HE4 with CEA led to the most powerful sensitivity of 87.5%. Furthermore, A positive correlation was observed between HE4 serum levels and pathological T and N stages (P = 0.0002 and 0.0017, respectively), but there was no correlation between HE4 serum levels and ESCC patient gender (P = 0.4395) or tumor location (P = 0.6777).
CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that detection of serum HE4 levels may be useful in auxiliary diagnosis and evaluation of the progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Bilal
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Min Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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Kanda M, Koike M, Shimizu D, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Omae K, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Kodera Y. Optimized Cutoff Value of Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Concentration Accurately Predicts Recurrence After Curative Resection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 27:1233-1240. [PMID: 31650302 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are widely used in clinical practice to predict the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, their predictive values for prognosis are controversial. This study determined optimal cutoff values of serum SCC-Ag and CEA concentrations for predicting postoperative recurrence of ESCC, which enabled selection of high-risk patients. METHODS The study retrospectively analyzed 427 patients who underwent curative resection for ESCC. The optimal cutoff values of preoperative SCC-Ag and CEA concentrations for predicting postoperative recurrence were determined using combined analysis of hazard ratios and sensitivities for recurrence. Using the optimal cutoff value, the study evaluated survival, recurrence patterns, and temporal changes in marker concentrations. RESULTS The preoperative SCC-Ag concentration of 1.1 ng/ml was the optimal cutoff value for predicting postoperative recurrence, whereas precise cutoff values could not be determined for preoperative CEA concentrations. High preoperative SCC-Ag concentrations (> 1.1 ng/ml), which were significantly associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes and shorter disease-free survival, were identified as an independent prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis. High preoperative SCC-Ag concentrations were significantly associated with greater prevalence of lung/pleura and local recurrences. Normalization of serum SCC-Ag concentrations after neoadjuvant treatment or esophagectomy was not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The optimal cutoff value of preoperative SCC-Ag concentrations that predicted recurrence of ESCC was 1.1 ng/ml, illuminating the utility of serum SCC-Ag concentrations as an easily measurable tool for selecting a perioperative management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Omae
- Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees (DiRECT), Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Xu W, Wang Y, Wu Y, Che G. Prognostic value of osteopontin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152571. [PMID: 31387806 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prognostic role of osteopontin (OPN) overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Data (CBM) and VIP databases were searched from the establishment dates of the databases to March 31, 2019, for potentially related studies. Stata 12.0 software was used for statistical analyses, and the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to assess the correlation of OPN overexpression with the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of ESCC patients. RESULTS A total of 8 studies involving 811 patients from China or Japan were included. OPN overexpression was demonstrated to be significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.22-2.83, P = 0.004), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 61.2%, P = 0.012), and poor PFS (HR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.08-2.47, P = 0.020), without heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.839). Subgroup analysis results were similar to the pooled results. CONCLUSION OPN overexpression might serve as a promising independent prognostic risk factor in Chinese and Japanese ESCC patients. However, more well-designed studies enrolling more patients are still needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Villanueva F, Araya H, Briceño P, Varela N, Stevenson A, Jerez S, Tempio F, Chnaiderman J, Perez C, Villarroel M, Concha E, Khani F, Thaler R, Salazar-Onfray F, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Galindo M. The cancer-related transcription factor RUNX2 modulates expression and secretion of the matricellular protein osteopontin in osteosarcoma cells to promote adhesion to endothelial pulmonary cells and lung metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13659-13679. [PMID: 30637720 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are bone tumors that frequently metastasize to the lung. Aberrant expression of the transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), is a key pathological feature in osteosarcoma and associated with loss of p53 and miR-34 expression. Elevated RUNX2 may transcriptionally activate genes mediating tumor progression and metastasis, including the RUNX2 target gene osteopontin (OPN/SPP1). This gene encodes a secreted matricellular protein produced by osteoblasts to regulate bone matrix remodeling and tissue calcification. Here we investigated whether and how the RUNX2/OPN axis regulates lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. Importantly, RUNX2 depletion attenuates lung metastasis of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. Using next-generation RNA-sequencing, protein-based assays, as well as the loss- and gain-of-function approaches in selected osteosarcoma cell lines, we show that osteopontin messenger RNA levels closely correlate with RUNX2 expression and that RUNX2 controls the levels of secreted osteopontin. Elevated osteopontin levels promote heterotypic cell-cell adhesion of osteosarcoma cells to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, but not in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, these findings indicate that the RUNX2/OPN axis regulates the ability of osteosarcoma cells to attach to pulmonary endothelial cells as a key step in metastasis of osteosarcoma cells to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Villanueva
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Araya
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Briceño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Stevenson
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Tempio
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonas Chnaiderman
- Program of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carola Perez
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milena Villarroel
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile.,National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Concha
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mario Galindo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Osteopontin Expression Is Associated with the Poor Prognosis in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9098215. [PMID: 29854808 PMCID: PMC5952509 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9098215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The osteopontin has been involved in therapeutic resistance in a variety of cancers. But, the significance of osteopontin expression on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving chemoradiotherapy is unclear. Methods In 80 patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy between 1999 and 2012, osteopontin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with treatment outcome. The functional role of osteopontin in ESCC cell lines was determined by osteopontin-mediated siRNA. Results Osteopontin expression and clinical T4 classification were significantly associated with poor pathological complete response. Univariate analyses demonstrated that osteopontin overexpression and clinical T classification, T4, were significantly associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival. In multivariate comparison, osteopontin overexpression and clinical T classification, T4, represented the independent adverse prognosticator. In ESCC cell lines, endogenous osteopontin depletion by osteopontin-mediated siRNA increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Osteopontin expression is independently correlated with the response of chemoradiotherapy and prognosis of patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions Our results suggest that osteopontin may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with ESCC treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
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Rybarski M, Schmitz L, Novak B, Dirschka T. Daylight photodynamic therapy for field cancerization: lessons from molecular biology. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2018; 153:806-810. [PMID: 29683291 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) represent in-situ squamous cell carcinomas that potentially invade subepidermal structures and may metastasize. Until now, it is unpredictable to determine which AK lesions show this aggressive behavior. As AKs usually occur in large sun exposed areas, field-directed treatments have become the standard treatment regimen. Among these, conventional photodynamic therapy (cPDT) with 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) using red light is particularly effective in the treatment of AKs, but acceptance of the therapy is impaired by severe pain during treatment. Daylight PDT (dPDT) has demonstrated to be an equally effective alternative treatment option which is less painful. Recent attempts to determine the risk of AKs that demonstrate particular aggressive biological behavior by implementation of clinical and histological characteristics of AKs have not lead to conclusive results. Therefore, a look at the molecular biology of AKs could serve as a useful tool to develop a risk profiling for separation of those patients that are of particular risk to develop invasive tumor and, by this, to facilitate a more effective and adapted treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rybarski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ben Novak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirschka
- CentroDerm GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany - .,Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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Ma Z, Wu X, Xu B, Jiang H, Tang P, Yue J, Ma M, Chen C, Zhang H, Yu Z. Development of a novel biomarker model for predicting preoperative lymph node metastatic extent in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105790-105799. [PMID: 29285292 PMCID: PMC5739679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and range of lymph node metastasis (LNM) are critical prognostic factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Preoperative serum biomarkers are reported to be associated with LNM. However, whether these markers can precisely predict the extent of LNM is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative serum SCC-Ag, Cyfra21-1, CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 for LNM number and range by retrospectively investigating 577 ESCC patients undergone esophagectomy from 2007-2010. In this study, the positive rate of SCC-Ag and CA19-9 were associated with pN stage. Significant differences were found in CEA and CA19-9 between pN0-1 stage patients and pN2-3 stage patients. However, in subgroup analysis (patients with pN0-1), significant difference was found only in SCC-Ag between pN0 and pN1 stage patients (P=0.003). Middle thoracic ESCC patients were Chosen to analyze the correlation between the range of LNM and biomarkers. SCC-Ag was correlated with paraesophageal and paracardial lymph nodes, but not correlated with subcarinal and left gastric artery lymph nodes. Interestingly, the results of CEA were opposite to that of SCC-Ag. CA19-9 was associated with subcarinal and paracardial LNM (P=0.000, P=0.038). Based on the results, a model incorporated SCC-Ag, CEA and CA19-9 was constructed. The rate of patients with pN2-3 stage was 15.4% and 54.4% in group 1 and 4 of our model. In summary, SCC-Ag was associated with early lymph node metastatic stage, and CEA and CA19-9 have a close relationship with advanced lymph node metastatic stage. The model combining SCC-Ag, CEA and CA19-9 might help identify the preoperative extent of LNM for a subgroup of ESCC patients that can be benefited from neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianxian Wu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjing Jiang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingquan Ma
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuangui Chen
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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10
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Colon cancer associated transcripts in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:531-540. [PMID: 28779711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs serve as important regulators in complicated cellular activities, including cell differentiation, proliferation and death. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs occurs in the formation and progression of cancers. The family of colon cancer associated transcripts, long non-coding RNAs colon cancer associated transcript-1 and colon cancer associated transcript-2 are known as oncogenes involved in various cancers. Colon cancer associated transcript-1 is a novel lncRNA located in 8q24.2, and colon cancer associated transcript-2 maps to the 8q24.21 region encompassing rs6983267. Colon cancer associated transcripts have close associations with clinical characteristics, such as lymph node metastasis, high TNM stage and short overall survival. Knockdown of them can reverse the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, including proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Moreover, they can increase the expression level of c-MYC and oncogenic microRNAs via activating a series of complex mechanisms. In brief, the family of colon cancer associated transcripts may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for human cancers.
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11
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Han G, Wu Z, Zhao N, Zhou L, Liu F, Niu F, Xu Y, Zhao X. Overexpression of stathmin plays a pivotal role in the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61742-61760. [PMID: 28977901 PMCID: PMC5617461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a serious malignant tumor that affects human health. We analyzed the correlation between serum stathmin level and ESCC and elucidated the molecular mechanisms of stathmin's promotion of ESCC cell invasion and metastasis. Methods Stathmin level in ESCC and healthy control serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the clinical parameters were analyzed. We established ESCC cells with stathmin overexpression or knockdown and then evaluated the effects of stathmin on invasion and metastasis in ESCC. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by Human Transcriptome Array and confirmed by RT-PCR. The expression levels of the integrin family, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were detected by immunoblotting. Results Serum levels of stathmin were significantly higher in ESCC than in control serum and associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and size. Furthermore, we found that stathmin promoted migration and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we confirmed that the activation of the integrinα5β1/FAK/ERK pathway is increased in stathmin-overexpression cells and accelerates cell motility by enhancing cell adhesion ability. Conclusion Stathmin may predict a potential metastasis biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaijing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyong Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang S, Fan W, Wan B, Tu M, Jin F, Liu F, Xu H, Han P. Characterization of long noncoding RNA and messenger RNA signatures in melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172498. [PMID: 28225791 PMCID: PMC5321451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma, the most aggressive and life-threatening form of skin cancer, has significantly risen over recent decades. Therefore, it is essential to identify the mechanisms that underlie melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis and to explore novel and effective melanoma treatment strategies. Accumulating evidence s uggests that aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have vital functions in multiple cancers. However, lncRNA functions in melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles in primary melanomas, metastatic melanomas and normal skin samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We used GSE15605 as the training set (n = 74) and GSE7553 as the validation set (n = 58). In three comparisons (primary melanoma versus normal skin, metastatic melanoma versus normal skin, and metastatic melanoma versus primary melanoma), 178, 295 and 48 lncRNAs and 847, 1758, and 295 mRNAs were aberrantly expressed, respectively. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses to examine the differentially expressed mRNAs, and potential core lncRNAs were predicted by lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks. Based on our results, 15 lncRNAs and 144 mRNAs were significantly associated with melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. A subsequent analysis suggested a critical role for a five-lncRNA signature during melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis. Low expression of U47924.27 was significantly associated with decreased survival of patients with melanoma. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs during melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis by re-annotating microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray dataset. These findings reveal potential roles for lncRNAs during melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis and provide a rich candidate reservoir for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Fan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Tu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PH); (HX)
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PH); (HX)
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13
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Rabjerg M, Bjerregaard H, Halekoh U, Jensen BL, Walter S, Marcussen N. Molecular characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma identifies CSNK2A1, SPP1 and DEFB1 as promising novel prognostic markers. APMIS 2016; 124:372-83. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rabjerg
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
- Department of Urology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | | | - Ulrich Halekoh
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Boye L. Jensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Steen Walter
- Department of Urology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
- Department of Urology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
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Faria M, Halquist MS, Yuan M, Mylott W, Jenkins RG, Karnes HT. Comparison of a stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide and an extended SIL peptide as internal standards to track digestion variability of an unstable signature peptide during quantification of a cancer biomarker, human osteopontin, from plasma using capillary microflow LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:156-68. [PMID: 26279007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human osteopontin (hOPN) is a secreted plasma protein which is elevated in various cancers and is indicative of poor prognosis. Here we describe investigations involving an extended peptide internal standard to track an unstable signature peptide followed by further method development and validation for quantitative measurement of hOPN from plasma using microflow liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (MFLC-MS/MS). A biologically relevant tryptic peptide 'GDSVVYGLR' was used as a signature peptide for this method. The optimized method involved immunocapture of the analyte protein using hOPN specific antibodies followed by trypsin digestion to obtain the signature peptide. Analysis was carried out on a Waters IonKey/MS system using a flow rate of 2.5μL/min. Immunocapture buffer was used as a surrogate matrix for the validation studies. The method was validated over a range of 25-600ng/mL. Intra-assay and inter-assay accuracies were within ±13%. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision were within 17%. A stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide GDSVVYGLR* and an extended SIL peptide TYDGRGDSVV*YGLRSKSKKF were evaluated as internal standards (IS) to account for signature peptide digestion instability and variability. Inherent digestion variability i.e., under controlled conditions, was within ±20% with both IS peptides. In digestion variability studies, where trypsin activity was varied (20-180%), the use of the extended SIL peptide as an internal standard limited the variability to within ±30% of the normalized response. Alternatively, when the SIL peptide was used as the internal standard, the variability ranged from -67.4% to 50.6% of the normalized response. The applicability of the validated method was demonstrated by quantification of OPN from plasma samples obtained from 10 healthy individuals and 10 breast cancer patients. The plasma OPN concentrations in healthy individuals ranged from 38 to 85ng/mL with a mean concentration of 55.4±15.3ng/mL. A 1.5-12 fold increase in OPN concentrations, ranging from 85 to 637ng/mL, was seen in breast cancer patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morse Faria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Matthew S Halquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Moucun Yuan
- Chromatographic Sciences, PPD, 2244 Dabney Road, Richmond, VA 23230, USA
| | - William Mylott
- Chromatographic Sciences, PPD, 2244 Dabney Road, Richmond, VA 23230, USA
| | - Rand G Jenkins
- Chromatographic Sciences, PPD, 2244 Dabney Road, Richmond, VA 23230, USA
| | - H Thomas Karnes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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15
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Ng L, Wan TMH, Lam CSC, Chow AKM, Wong SKM, Man JHW, Li HS, Cheng NSM, Pak RCH, Cheung AHK, Yau TCC, Lo OSH, Foo DCC, Poon JTC, Poon RTP, Pang RWC, Law WL. Post-operative plasma osteopontin predicts distant metastasis in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126219. [PMID: 25961724 PMCID: PMC4427310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overall prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is unsatisfactory due to cancer metastasis after operation. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels as minimally invasive, predictive, and surrogate biomarkers for prognosis of CRC patients. Methods This randomized study design consists of pre-operative and post-operative plasma samples from a total of 79 patients. We determined plasma levels of OPN by ELISA and examined their correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients. The effects of endogenous and exogenous OPN on CRC metastasis were investigated by examination of the effect on regulators of epithelial to messenchymal transition and migration assay. Results Our findings demonstrated for the first time the clinical correlation of plasma OPN with metastasis of CRC patients. High post-operative plasma OPN level (>153.02 ng/ml) associated with development of metastasis after curative resection (p<0.001). Moreover, post-operative plasma OPN level correlated with disease-free survival of CRC patients (p=0.009) and was an independent factor for predicting development of metastasis in CRC patients after curative resection (p=0.036). Our in vitro model showed that OPN ectopic expression induced DLD1 cell migration through Snail and Twist1 overexpression and E-cadherin repression, and secretory OPN level enhanced cell migration. Conclusions The results of the current study suggest that post-operative plasma OPN correlated with post-operative metastasis, suggesting that it is a potential non-invasive biomarker for the development of future metastasis in CRC patients. In addition, OPN was shown to be involved in the metastatic process and thus inhibition of OPN is a potential therapeutic approach to treat CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy Ming-Hun Wan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colin Siu-Chi Lam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ariel Ka-Man Chow
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny Kit-Man Wong
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Johnny Hon-Wai Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung-Sing Li
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nathan Shiu-Man Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ryan Chung-Hei Pak
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Chung-Cheung Yau
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oswens Siu-Hung Lo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dominic Chi-Chung Foo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jensen Tung-Chung Poon
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roberta Wen-Chi Pang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wai-Lun Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ingale Y, Routray S, Kheur SM, Kheur M, Mohanty N. Evaluating the efficacy of osteopontin expression as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian subpopulation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:S11-5. [PMID: 25364158 PMCID: PMC4211217 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.141327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to correlate the prognostic value of osteopontin (OPN) expression using both tissue and plasma samples from patients with clinically and histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods and Materials: The study group comprised of sixty patients (n = 60), which were clinically and histologically diagnosed for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The Control group comprised of ten (n = 10) healthy volunteers. Plasma OPN levels were assayed using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OPN ELISA). Expression of OPN was also identified and evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue sections. These OPN expressions were then correlated with different parameters like age, sex, site, clinical presentation, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, histopathological grading and lymph node metastasis. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the difference in tissue intensity and plasma OPN levels between the OSCC and the normal control groups. Results: The distribution of the plasma OPN levels and tissue OPN intensity in OSCC cohorts were compared to histopathological grades and analyzed. When evaluated OPN expression in tissue had higher intensity observed in OSCC (95% +ve) cases. And the mean plasma OPN concentration in OSCC cohort was more in comparison to the normal cohort. The results clearly showed that the plasma OPN levels and intensity grading in tissue correlated with tumor grades. Conclusion: The study highlights OPN as a biomarker for prognosis in OSCC in both plasma and tissue samples. We would like to emphasize on the evaluation of plasma OPN as a protocol of blood examination for all cancer patient, as it may serve as an indicator for tumor progression and potential risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Ingale
- Department of Dentistry, Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pimpri, Maharastra, India
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, SOA' University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Supriya M Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Mohit Kheur
- Department of Prosthodontics, M. A. Rangoonwala Dental College, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, SOA' University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Zhao N, Han B, Wu ZY, Zhou LP, Liu F, Yan L, Zhao XH, Xu Y. Clinical significance of serum Stathmin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2016-2022. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i14.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect serum Stathmin in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in ESCC.
METHODS: Serum levels of Stathmin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 74 patients with ESCC and 81 healthy individuals. Serum levels of Cyfra21-1 were measured by ELISA, and those of CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 were measured by chemiluminescence.
RESULTS: Serum levels of Stathmin in ESCC patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Serum levels of Stathmin were correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.036), but not with age, gender, tumor differentiation, TNM stage or tumor size. According to the ROC curve, the sensitivity and specificity of serum Stathmin were significantly higher than those of Cyfra21-1 for diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The sensitivity of serum Stathmin for diagnosis of ESCC was 94.6%.
CONCLUSION: Serum Stathmin levels increase in ESCC patients. Detection of serum Stathmin is helpful for diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of esophageal cancer. Stathmin may serve as a new potential serum tumor marker for clinical detection, therapy and prognostic evaluation of ESCC.
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Chen M, Huang J, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Li K. Systematic review and meta-analysis of tumor biomarkers in predicting prognosis in esophageal cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:539. [PMID: 24206575 PMCID: PMC3828582 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is a frequently occurring cancer with poor prognosis despite combined therapeutic strategies. Many biomarkers have been proposed as predictors of adverse events. We sought to assess the prognostic value of biomarkers in predicting the overall survival of esophageal cancer and to help guide personalized cancer treatment to give patients the best chance at remission. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature to summarize evidence for the discriminatory ability of prognostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer. Relevant literature was identified using the PubMed database on April 11, 2012, and conformed to the REMARK criteria. The primary endpoint was overall survival and data were synthesized with hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS We included 109 studies, exploring 13 different biomarkers, which were subjected to quantitative meta-analysis. Promising markers that emerged for the prediction of overall survival in esophageal squamous cell cancer included VEGF (18 eligible studies, n=1476, HR=1.85, 95% CI, 1.55-2.21), cyclin D1 (12 eligible studies, n=1476, HR=1.82, 95% CI, 1.50-2.20), Ki-67 (3 eligible studies, n=308, HR=1.11, 95% CI, 0.70-1.78) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (5 eligible studies, n=700, HR=1.28, 95% CI, 0.97-1.69); prognostic markers for esophageal adenocarcinoma included COX-2 (2 eligible studies, n=235, HR=3.06, 95% CI, 2.01-4.65) and HER-2 (3 eligible studies, n=291, HR=2.15, 95% CI, 1.39-3.33); prognostic markers for uncategorized ECs included p21 (9 eligible studies, n=858, HR=1.27, 95% CI, 0.75-2.16), p53 (31 eligible studies, n=2851, HR=1.34, 95% CI, 1.21-1.48), CRP (8 eligible studies, n=1382, HR=2.65, 95% CI, 1.64-4.27) and hemoglobin (5 eligible studies, n=544, HR=0.91, 95% CI, 0.83-1.00). CONCLUSIONS Although some modest bias cannot be excluded, this review supports the involvement of biomarkers to be associated with EC overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jizheng Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhenli Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Ng L, Poon RTP, Pang R. Biomarkers for predicting future metastasis of human gastrointestinal tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3631-56. [PMID: 23370778 PMCID: PMC11113832 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in surgery and radiation therapy have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with primary cancer, and the major challenge of cancer treatment now is metastatic disease development. The 5-year survival rate of cancer patients who have distant metastasis at diagnosis is extremely low, suggesting that prediction and early detection of metastasis would definitely improve their prognosis because suitable patient therapeutic management and treatment strategy can be provided. Cancer cells from a primary site give rise to a metastatic tumor via a number of steps which require the involvement and altered expression of many regulators. These regulators may serve as biomarkers for predicting metastasis. Over the past few years, numerous regulators have been found correlating with metastasis. In this review, we summarize the findings of a number of potential biomarkers that are involved in cadherin-catenin interaction, integrin signaling, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and cancer stem cell identification in gastrointestinal cancers. We will also discuss how certain biomarkers are associated with the tumor microenvironment that favors cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China,
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20
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Fan Y, Zhang X, Yang ZH, Sun XW, Li SN, Zhong L, Cheng X, Wang Y, Ma YR. The polymorphisms of osteopontin gene and plasma osteopontin protein levels with susceptibility to colorectal carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:594-600. [PMID: 23952692 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in the development and progression of some tumors. The polymorphisms of OPN probably change its expression and contribute to interindividual differences of susceptibility to some cancers. The purpose of the present study was to explore the association of rs9138 (+1239; 3'UTR: 3'untranslated regions) and rs1126616 (+750; exon 7) polymorphisms located in the OPN gene with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) susceptibility and to investigate the correlation of the polymorphisms, plasma levels of the OPN protein, clinicopathologic parameters, tumor markers, and lipid. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The plasma levels, tumor markers, and lipid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that genotype AA and AC of rs9138 and CC and CT of rs1126616 were associated with increased risk of CRC. The allelic frequencies of rs9138A, rs1126616C, and the haplotype (A-C) were associated with increased risk of CRC. Although there was no significant difference of plasma levels in various genotypes, increased plasma protein expression in CRC patients compared with controls was found. Our results suggested that the rs9138 and rs1126616 of OPN were associated with CRC risk, and the OPN protein in plasma may be a potential tumor marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- 1 Department of Pathology, Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Li L, Wang JT, Kan X, Lu JG. Elevated content of osteopontin in plasma and tumor tissues of patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma associated with metastasis and prognosis. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1429-34. [PMID: 21706367 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of osteopontin (OPN) expression level in plasma and tumor tissues of patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma for predicting metastasis and survival of this tumor. The OPN expression in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining in a tissue microarray of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, and the OPN level in plasma was measured by ELISA. The expression levels of OPN in plasma and tumor tissues were associated with clinicopathological features and survival of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas. Results showed that the OPN expression quantitation either in tissues or plasma was significantly correlated with differentiation and lymphatic metastasis of the laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Elevated OPN level of plasma and tissues was significantly associated with poor survival. In conclusion, elevated OPN level in plasma and tumor tissues was significantly associated with metastasis and survival of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas. Elevated OPN level in plasma and tumor tissues may become a useful indicator of prognosis for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
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22
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Huang Y, Chang X, Lee J, Cho YG, Zhong X, Park IS, Liu JW, Califano JA, Ratovitski EA, Sidransky D, Kim MS. Cigarette smoke induces promoter methylation of single-stranded DNA-binding protein 2 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:2261-73. [PMID: 20658532 PMCID: PMC3206631 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most frequent cause of cancer death in the world, and cigarette smoke is a key factor in esophageal carcinogenesis. To identify molecular changes during cigarette smoke-induced ESCC, we examined the methylation status of 13 gene promoters in the human immortalized, nontumorigenic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) that were exposed to mainstream (MSE) or sidestream cigarette smoke extract (SSE) for 6 months in culture. The promoter of sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein 2 (SSBP2) was methylated in the Het-1A cells exposed to MSE (MSE-Het-1A). Promoter methylation (86%, 56/70) and downregulation of SSBP2 expression were frequently detected in tumor tissues from ESCC patients. In addition, reintroduction of SSBP2 in an ESCC cell line (TE1) that does not express SSBP2 and in the MSE-Het-1A cells inhibited expression of LRP6 and Dvl3, which are mediators of the Wnt signaling pathway. SSBP2 expression markedly decreased the colony-forming ability of ESCC cell lines and significantly inhibited cell growth of the MSE-Het-1A cells. Our results indicate that cigarette smoking is a cause of SSBP2 promoter methylation and that SSBP2 harbors a tumor suppressive role in ESCC through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaofei Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Juna Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yong Gu Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaoli Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Il-Seok Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ilsong Memorial Institute of Head and Neck Cancer, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Edward A. Ratovitski
- Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Wu IC, Wu DC, Huang CC, Lin HS, Chen YK, Tsai HJ, Lu CY, Chou SH, Chou YP, Li LH, Tai SY, Wu MT. Plasma decorin predicts the presence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2138-46. [PMID: 20143390 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a microarray technique, we found decorin to be underexpressed, but osteopontin (OPN) to be overexpressed, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aims to examine whether plasma decorin and OPN plus personal substances use (tobacco, alcohol and areca) can serve as suitable clinical markers to predict the presence of ESCC. In total, 570 archived plasma specimens (275 patients and 295 controls) were collected from 2 medical centers in Taiwan between 2000 and 2008. Decorin and OPN protein levels were measured by ELISA. Means and standard deviation of plasma decorin were 5.6 + or - 3.6 ng/ml in case patients, which were significantly lower than those in controls (7.8 + or - 3.1, p < 0.0001). Plasma OPN levels in case patients were not significantly different from controls (p = 0.33). When compared to subjects with the lowest quartile of plasma decorin, those with the highest quartile one had a significantly lower risk to have ESCC (Adjusted OR = 0.03, p < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for the combination of plasma decorin and 3 substances use (smoke, alcohol and areca) for the patients compared with the controls. The area under the curve was 88.6% and the optimal cut-point of ROC curve (any 3 factors) had 73.5% sensitivity and 90.2% specificity with approximately 82% of corrected classification. Plasma decorin, but not OPN, is a potential clinical marker for the detection of ESCC. When plasma decorin plus the use of the 3 substances are combined, this factor cluster could be used to detect the presence of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroentology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhu WQ, Yu JM, Sun XD, Xie P, Kong L. Serum CYFRA21-1 as a prognostic marker for patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomarkers 2010; 15:602-7. [PMID: 20726807 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.504309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of serum CYFRA21-1 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as prognostic markers in patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sixty-one patients who received definitive radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy were analysed retrospectively. We investigated the association of the follow-up results with pretreatment level, post-treatment level and change of serum CYFRA21-1 and CEA, respectively. Patients with low pretreatment CYFRA21-1 had a significantly better overall survival. There were no significant associations among the remaining serum markers, and the survival and recurrence rates on multivariate analysis. The present study shows that pretreatment CYFRA21-1 level is a potential factor for predicting long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qi Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
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Kim MS, Huang Y, Lee J, Zhong X, Jiang WW, Ratovitski EA, Sidransky D. Cellular transformation by cigarette smoke extract involves alteration of glycolysis and mitochondrial function in esophageal epithelial cells. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:269-81. [PMID: 19937795 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette-smoking increases the risk of developing various types of human cancers including esophageal cancers. To test the effects of chronic cigarette smoke exposure directly on esophageal epithelium, cellular resistance to mainstream extract (MSE), or sidestream smoke extract (SSE) was developed in chronically exposed nonmalignant Het-1A cells. Anchorage-independent growth, in vitro invasion capacity and proliferation of the resistant cells increased compared with the unexposed, sensitive cells. An epithelial marker E-cadherin was down-regulated and mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin were up-regulated in the resistant cells. Het-1A cells resistant to MSE or SSE consumed more glucose, and produced more lactate than the sensitive cells. The increased anchorage-independent cell growth of the resistant cells was suppressed by a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, indicating that these cells are highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway for survival. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in the resistant cells indicate the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by chronic exposure of cigarette smoke extract. Increased expression of nuclear genes in the glycolytic pathway and decreased levels of mitochondrial genes in the resistant cells support the notion that cigarette smoking significantly contributes to the transformation of nonmalignant esophageal epithelial cells into a tumorigenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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26
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Correlation between clinicopathology and expression of heat shock protein 72 and glycoprotein 96 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:212537. [PMID: 20300187 PMCID: PMC2836527 DOI: 10.1155/2010/212537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and glycoprotein 96 (gp96) are highly expressed in cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 and gp96 in the development and progression of gastrointestinal carcinomas but detailed information is still ambiguous. We investigated the correlation between clinicopathology and expression of HSP72 and gp96 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of HSP72 and gp96 was studied in 120 human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas with or without metastasis as well as in mucous membrane adjacent to cancers by way of immunohistochemistry. HSP72 immunoreactivities were detected in 112 of 120 primary tumors (93.3%) and in 30 of 120 mucous membranes adjacent to cancers (25.0%). Gp96 detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and inmucous membrane adjacent to cancer was 85.0% and 20.0%, respectively. Both HSP72 and gp96 stained in cytoplasm. HSP72 and gp96 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas withmetastasis was significantly higher than those with nonmetastasis (P < .05). The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the expression of HSP72 and gp96 and the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. HSP72 and gp96 expression were significantly associated with the presence of tumor infiltration, lymph node, and remote metastasis.
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27
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Liu H, Chen A, Guo F, Yuan L. Influence of osteopontin short hairpin RNA on the proliferation and invasion of human renal cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:61-8. [PMID: 20155457 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated osteopontin (OPN) gene silencing on the proliferation and invasion of human renal cancer ACHN cells was investigated. Four types of OPN shRNA recombinant plasmids were constructed and RT-PCR assays were used to screen the most highly functional shRNA recombinant plasmids, which were transferred into the cultured ACHN cells by Lipofectamine 2000. The cells transfected by shRNA expression vectors (ACHN/OPN) were visualized under an inverted microscope and screened by G418. Untreated cells (ACHN) and cells transfected by mock vectors (ACHN/Vect) were used as control groups. The expression levels of OPN mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. The cell cycle and ratios of apoptotic cells were assessed by flow cytometry. MTT method was used for drawing the growth curve and observing cell proliferation in vitro. The abilities of migration and invasion in three groups were measured by Transwell chamber test. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in three groups were examined by Western blot. Our results showed that the recombinant plasmid could be successfully transferred into ACHN cells by Lipofectamine 2000. Compared with untreated cells, the expression levels of OPN mRNA and protein in ACHN/OPN cells were decreased by 59.68% and 76.42%, respectively (P<0.05), ACHN/OPN cells were blocked in S phase and apoptotic ratio increased significantly (P<0.05), however, no significant differences were found between ACHN/Vect and ACHN. Recombinant plasmid significantly attenuated expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins and suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ACHN cells. This study suggested that OPN may play an important role in the growth and invasion of human renal cancer ACHN cells, and these processes are correlated with the activations of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our data provided preliminary experimental evidence for the feasibility of RNA interference technology in gene therapy of human renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Use of multidimensional data analysis for prediction of lung malignity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Anborgh PH, Wilson SM, Tuck AB, Winquist E, Schmidt N, Hart R, Kon S, Maeda M, Uede T, Stitt LW, Chambers AF. New Dual Monoclonal ELISA for Measuring Plasma Osteopontin as a Biomarker Associated with Survival in Prostate Cancer: Clinical Validation and Comparison of Multiple ELISAs. Clin Chem 2009; 55:895-903. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.117465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: A previously developed monoclonal/polyclonal ELISA (Mono/Poly) to detect plasma concentrations of osteopontin (OPN) was shown to provide prognostic information in breast, prostate, and other cancers. Here we describe the clinical validation of a new dual monoclonal (Dual Mono) assay. We compared both assays with 4 assays that recognize defined regions of OPN protein (dual polyclonal systems 5-1, 4-1, 4-3 and polyclonal-monoclonal system 1-3).
Methods: OPN sequences recognized by the monoclonal antibodies that make up the Dual Mono ELISA were identified by Pepscan CLIPS™ analysis. Using the 6 ELISAs, we measured OPN in plasma from 66 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, and we assessed the ability of each assay to predict patient survival.
Results: The assays varied in measured plasma OPN concentrations, with median values ranging from 112 to 1740 μg/L, and ability to predict patient survival. By Cox univariable regression of survival by tertiles of OPN, the Mono/Poly and Dual Mono ELISAs had the highest log-rank χ2 values. After adjustment for risk factors independently associated with survival in our samples, OPN remained associated with survival only for the Mono/Poly and Dual Mono systems.
Conclusions: OPN plasma values varied significantly depending on the assay used. Only the Mono/Poly and Dual Mono systems were independently associated with survival in a population of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The availability of a clinically validated, dual monoclonal–based ELISA will provide consistent reagents for studies of OPN plasma concentrations in cancer and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan B Tuck
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Winquist
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology and
| | | | | | - Shigeyuki Kon
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Larry W Stitt
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann F Chambers
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology and
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El Touny LH, Banerjee PP. Identification of a biphasic role for genistein in the regulation of prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3695-703. [PMID: 19351854 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Considered a chemopreventive agent, the ability of genistein to modulate the progression of existing prostate cancer (CaP) is not clear. We show here that the consumption of genistein (250 mg/kg diet) by 12-week-old transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP-FVB) mice harboring prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions until 20 weeks of age induces an aggressive progression of CaP, as evidenced by a 16% increase in the number of well-differentiated and poorly differentiated prostates, coinciding with a 70% incidence of pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases as opposed to 0% and 10% in 0 and 1,000 mg/kg groups, concomitant with elevated osteopontin (OPN) expression in prostates and LNs. Equivalent nanomolar (500 nmol/L) concentrations of genistein recapitulated these effects in human PC3 CaP cells as evidenced by increased proliferation, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity (approximately 2-fold), accompanied by an up-regulation of OPN expression and secretion, compared with vehicle-treated cells. A pharmacologic dose (50 micromol/L) decreased proliferation, invasion, and MMP-9 activity (>2.0-fold) concomitant with OPN reduction. Upon OPN knockdown by short hairpin RNA, genistein was no longer effective in up-regulating PC3 cell proliferation, invasion, and MMP-9 activation, which were significantly reduced in the absence of OPN, highlighting the requirement for OPN in mediating the effects of genistein. Proliferation, invasion, and OPN levels were also nonsignificantly induced by genistein in the presence of ICI 182,780 or wortmannin, indicating a dependence on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and estrogen signaling. Our results suggest the presence of a biphasic regulation of CaP growth and metastasis by genistein, warranting careful examination of the effects of genistein on hormone-dependent cancers in a chemotherapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara H El Touny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, USA
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31
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Chien CY, Su CY, Chuang HC, Fang FM, Huang HY, Chen CH, Chen CM, Huang CC. Comprehensive study on the prognostic role of osteopontin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:798-802. [PMID: 19213594 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin is a tumor-associated protein that promotes tumor development and metastasis. The preoperative blood samples of 94 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and 28 healthy individuals were analyzed for plasma osteopontin levels, and another 256 paraffin-embedded OSCC specimens were analyzed by osteopontin immunostaining. The patients with advanced tumor (T) stage (T3/T4 vs. T1/T2) and positive nodal (N) status had significantly higher plasma levels of osteopontin (both p<0.001). Positive osteopontin immunostaining also correlated significantly with advanced T stage (p<0.001), positive N status (p<0.001), advanced TNM stage (p<0.001) and male gender (p=0.016). Unfavorable cumulative 5-year overall survival rates correlated significantly with positive osteopontin immunostaining (p<0.001), advanced T stage (p<0.001), positive N status (p<0.001) and advanced TNM stage (p<0.001). However, Cox regression analysis revealed that T stage and N status were independent prognostic factors for survival (both p<0.001) and osteopontin immunostaining was marginally significant for survival (p=0.056). The present study demonstrated that high expression level of osteopontin in either the plasma or the tumor of the patients with OSCC was associated with tumor progression, suggesting that osteopontin expression is an important prognostic factor for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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32
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Hui EP, Sung FL, Yu BKH, Wong CSC, Ma BBY, Lin X, Chan A, Wong WL, Chan ATC. Plasma Osteopontin, Hypoxia, and Response to Radiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:7080-7. [PMID: 18981006 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P Hui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Mack PC, Redman MW, Chansky K, Williamson SK, Farneth NC, Lara PN, Franklin WA, Le QT, Crowley JJ, Gandara DR. Lower osteopontin plasma levels are associated with superior outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy: SWOG Study S0003. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4771-6. [PMID: 18779603 PMCID: PMC2653139 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.17.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE S0003 was a phase III trial of carboplatin/paclitaxel with or without the hypoxic cytotoxin tirapazamine in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the relationship between clinical outcomes and plasma levels of the hypoxia-associated protein osteopontin (OPN) in patients on this protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS Baseline plasma was obtained from 172 patients. In 56 patients, sequential plasma was obtained after one or two cycles. Concentrations of OPN, as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor expression of OPN was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 61 matched archival specimens. RESULTS Patients with lower OPN levels (below the median) had a significantly superior overall survival compared with patients with higher levels, regardless of treatment arm (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, P = .002). A similar correlation was observed for progression-free survival (HR = 0.69, P = .02). When examined as a continuous variable, OPN maintained its significant association with both progression-free (HR = 1.05, P = .01) and overall survival (HR = 1.09, P < .0001). Patients with lower plasma OPN levels were significantly more likely to have tumor response (P = .03). No differences were observed between treatment arms. Tumor OPN levels did not correlate with patient outcomes or with plasma levels. No associations were observed between patient outcomes and VEGF or PAI-1 levels; however, plasma concentrations of these markers were significantly interrelated (P < .0001) and significantly decreased after treatment (P = .0002 and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSION Pretreatment plasma levels of OPN are significantly associated with patient response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in chemotherapy-treated patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Mack
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis Cancer Center, 4501 X St, Ste 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histological subtype of esophageal cancer in Asia, characterized by high incidence and mortality rate. Although significant progress has been made in surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis of the patients with this cancer still remains poor. Investigation into protein alterations that occurred in tumors can provide clues to discover new biomarkers for improving diagnosis and guiding targeted therapy. Hundreds of papers have appeared over the past several decades concerning protein alterations in ESCC. This review summarizes all the dysregulated proteins investigated in the disease from 187 published papers and analyzes their contributions to tumor development and progression. We document protein alterations associated with tumor metastasis and the transition from normal esophageal epithelia to dysplasia in order to reveal the most useful markers for prediction of clinical outcome, early detection, and identification of high-risk patients for targeted therapies. In particular, we discuss the largest and most rigorous studies on prognostic implications of proteins in ESCC, in which cyclin D1, p53, E-cadherin and VEGF appeared to have the strongest evidence as independent predictors of patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-C Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Diakowska D, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Lewandowski A, Grabowski K, Diakowski W. Evaluation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and total antioxidant status as possible disease markers in oesophageal malignancies. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:796-803. [PMID: 18433723 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of oxidative stress and diagnostic utility of its markers in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). DESIGN Serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in OSCC (n=75), non-malignant oesophageal diseases (n=30), and healthy subjects (n=79). Three months following oesophagectomy the measurements were repeated. RESULTS Exclusively in OSCC, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and TBARS were elevated. TAS was reduced in non-malignancies compared to controls, and in OSCC compared to non-malignancies and controls. Only 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was associated with disease progression, lymph node involvement in particular. All indices were good indicators of cancer presence (ROC analysis) and normalized following oesophagectomy. A positive linear relationship between 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and TBARS, and negative non-linear between TAS and both 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and TBARS was demonstrated. CONCLUSION OSCC is associated with oxidative stress, attenuated following oesophagectomy. Consumption of serum antioxidants prevents accumulation of oxidatively modified molecules in non-malignancies. High accuracy of oxidative stress markers in indicating cancer presence warrants further investigation on their possible application as discriminatory markers and in monitoring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Plumer A, Duan H, Subramaniam S, Lucas FL, Miesfeldt S, Ng AK, Liaw L. Development of fragment-specific osteopontin antibodies and ELISA for quantification in human metastatic breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:38. [PMID: 18237408 PMCID: PMC2259319 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN) is associated with human cancers, and circulating blood OPN may have diagnostic or prognostic value in clinical oncology. Methods To evaluate OPN as a cancer biomarker, we generated and characterized five novel mouse monoclonal antibodies against the human full-length OPN (fl-OPN). Epitopes recognized by four antibodies (2C5, 2F10, 2H9, and 2E11) map to N-terminal OPN (aa1-166); one (1F11) maps to C-terminal OPN (aa167-314). These antibodies recognize recombinant and native OPN by ELISA and immunoblot, cross reacting with human and mouse OPN. Two of these novel antibodies (2F10 and 1F11) were used to develop a quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for fl-OPN. Results In comparison with commercially available ELISAs, our assay had high accuracy in measuring fl-OPN standards, and high sensitivity. Specifically, our ELISA has a linear dose response between 0.078 ng/ml-10 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 13.9 pg/ml. We utilized this assay to quantify fl-OPN in the plasma of healthy volunteers in comparison with patients with metastatic breast cancer. The average circulating plasma fl-OPN in healthy volunteers was 1.2 ng/ml, compared to 4.76 ng/ml in patients with metastatic breast cancer (p = 0.0042). Although the increase in fl-OPN in cancer patients is consistent with previous studies, the measured quantity varied greatly between all existing fl-OPN ELISAs. Conclusion Because OPN is a complex molecule with diversity from alternative splicing, post-translational modification, extracellular proteolytic modification, and participation in protein complexes, we suggest that further understanding of specific isoform recognition of multiple OPN species is essential for future studies of OPN biomarker utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Plumer
- Dept. Applied Medical Sciences, Univ, Southern Maine, P,O, Box 9300 Portland, ME 04104, USA.
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Clinical significance of osteopontin expression in cervical cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:909-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Matusiewicz M, Diakowska D, Grabowski K, Blachut K, Konieczny D, Kustrzeba-Wojcicka I, Terlecki G, Banas T. Elevation of circulating interleukin-8 is related to lymph node and distant metastases in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas--implication for clinical evaluation of cancer patient. Cytokine 2008; 41:232-9. [PMID: 18182303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important factor in clinical evaluation of esophageal cancer patients. Biological markers able to support detection of metastatic lymph nodes are sought after. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is overexpressed by many cancers and involved in cancer dissemination. We investigated the relationship between circulating IL-8 and clinicopathological features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and evaluated the diagnostic potential of IL-8, with reference to the key angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factors A and C (VEGF-A and VEGF-C). We found elevated IL-8 levels in ESCC patients, correlated with tumor size and cancer dissemination, especially LNM. Circulating IL-8 correlated with lymphangiogenic VEGF-C rather then angiogenic VEGF-A. The association weakened in metastatic cancers, suggesting divergent mechanism of IL-8 involvement in the dissemination process. The cytokine levels correlated with platelets and neutrophils, pointing at these cells as possible sources of circulating IL-8. We demonstrated IL-8 that positively correlated with inflammation status of ESCC patients. Circulating IL-8 was a better indicator of ESCC dissemination than VEGF-A or VEGF-C. Yet, the detection rates were not satisfactory enough to allow for the recommendation of IL-8 determination as an adjunct to the clinical evaluation of lymph node involvement in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Dai N, Bao Q, Lu A, Li J. Protein Expression of Osteopontin in Tumor Tissues Is an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Gastric Cancer. Oncology 2007; 72:89-96. [DOI: 10.1159/000111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gadducci A, Tana R, Cosio S, Genazzani AR. The serum assay of tumour markers in the prognostic evaluation, treatment monitoring and follow-up of patients with cervical cancer: a review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 66:10-20. [PMID: 17964182 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-treatment serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCC] levels are elevated in 28-88% of patients with squamous cell cervical cancer, and are related to tumour stage, tumour size, depth of stromal invasion, lymph-vascular space status, parametrial involvement and lymph node status. The clinical relevance of pre-treatment serum SCC assay is still debated. Some authors reported that it has no prognostic value, some others found that it is related to survival at univariate analysis, and some others detected that is an independent prognostic variable for survival. Serial SCC measurements reflect both the tumour response to treatment and the clinical outcome of patients. Increasing SCC levels can precede the clinical diagnosis of recurrent disease in 46-92% of the cases, with a mean lead time ranging from 2 to 8 months. According to some authors serum SCC assay during the follow-up does not improve the cure rate of patients who will ultimately develop a recurrence. However, it has been recently reported that the performance of a positron emission tomography [PET] in patients with asymptomatic SCC elevation can sometimes allow an earlier diagnosis of relapse with a survival benefit. SCC is a more sensitive serum tumour marker than CYFRA 21-1 for squamous cell cervical cancer in most series. Pre-treatment CA 125 levels are raised in 20-75% of patients with cervical adenocarcinoma, and reflect tumour stage, tumour size, histological grade, cervical stromal invasion, lymph-vascular space status and lymph node status. Elevated serum CA 125 has been also detected in patients with squamous cell cervical cancer, but with a positivity rate lower than that found in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma. Pre-treatment CA 125 levels appear to have a prognostic value, and rising serum CA 125 during follow-up may precede or be coincident with the clinical diagnosis of recurrent cervical adenocarcinoma. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] are often elevated in patients with cervical cancer, and decrease significantly after successful treatment. However, the clinical relevance of serum VEGF assay is still investigational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Procreative Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 56, Pisa 56127, Italy.
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Higashiyama M, Ito T, Tanaka E, Shimada Y. Prognostic significance of osteopontin expression in human gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:3419-27. [PMID: 17896150 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 07/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted, integrin-binding glycophosphoprotein that has been implicated in the progression of various solid tumors. To evaluate the clinical significance of OPN in gastric carcinoma, we investigated OPN expression in resected tumors. METHODS Expression of OPN protein by gastric cancer cells was evaluated using western blot analysis. OPN messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in 18 gastric cancers was compared with that in the corresponding normal gastric epithelium by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Paraffin sections of tumors from 295 patients with gastric cancer were also investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All four gastric cancer cell lines analyzed using western blotting had almost the same level of OPN protein expression as the positive control (HeLa cells). OPN mRNA was upregulated in 83% (15/18) of the tumors studied. On immunohistochemical staining, 90 tumors were classified as negative (-), whereas 205 were classified as positive (1+, 2+, or 3+). The level of OPN protein expression was significantly associated with the patient's age (p = 0.04), tumor depth (p = 0.03), histological grade (p = 0.008), and hematogenous metastasis (p = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that OPN positivity was significantly associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.027). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that OPN positivity was an independent risk factor for hematogenous metastasis (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that increased tumor expression of OPN is an important determinant of shorter survival time and that OPN positivity may be useful for predicting the risk of hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoshige Higashiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kawaracho Shogoin Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Grigoriu BD, Scherpereel A, Devos P, Chahine B, Letourneux M, Lebailly P, Grégoire M, Porte H, Copin MC, Lassalle P. Utility of osteopontin and serum mesothelin in malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2928-35. [PMID: 17504993 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant mesothelioma is a highly aggressive tumor and is often diagnosed too late for a curative treatment. We compared diagnostic and prognostic values of mesothelin and osteopontin in 172 patients suspected of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and in a control group of 112 asymptomatic asbestos-exposed subjects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Osteopontin and mesothelin were assayed with commercial ELISA kits in a series of 43 patients with pleural metastases of various carcinomas, 33 patients with benign pleural lesions associated with asbestos exposure, 96 patients with MPMs, and 112 asbestos-exposed healthy subjects. Results were correlated with patient's diagnosis and survival. RESULTS Serum osteopontin level was higher in MPM patients compared with healthy asbestos-exposed subjects and had a good capability to distinguish between these two populations. However, osteopontin was unable to distinguish between MPM and pleural metastatic carcinoma or benign pleural lesions associated with asbestos exposure. Neither plasma nor pleural fluid osteopontin were more powerful in this respect. Serum mesothelin had a good ability for diagnosing MPM but was unable to identify patients with nonepithelioid mesothelioma subtypes. Survival analysis identified tumor histologic subtype along with serum osteopontin and serum mesothelin as independent prognostic factors in mesothelioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Osteopontin has a lower diagnostic accuracy than mesothelin in patients suspected of MPM. Insufficient specificity limits osteopontin utility as diagnostic marker. Both molecules have a potential value as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Dragos Grigoriu
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U774, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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Ramankulov A, Lein M, Kristiansen G, Meyer HA, Loening SA, Jung K. Elevated plasma osteopontin as marker for distant metastases and poor survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133:643-52. [PMID: 17479289 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate diagnostic and prognostic significance of plasma osteopontin (OPN) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS The retrospective study included 80 patients with RCC (pN0M0, n = 32; pN1M0, n = 11; M1, and n = 37), and 52 healthy controls (27 females and 25 males). OPN, the bone marker bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and carboxyterminal telopetide of type-I collagen (ICTP), and the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were evaluated together with Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) laboratory parameters. Data were analyzed by receiver-operating characteristics (ROC), survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS OPN and ICTP levels in RCC patients with distant metastases were significantly elevated (medians 115 and 4.7 microg/l, P < 0.001) compared to those without metastases (31.1 and 2.5 microg/l) and controls (28.9 and 2.1 microg/l) but did not differ between patients with bone or non-bone metastases. Both bALP and ALAT were not different between all study groups, while GGT was only increased in patients with non-bone metastases. In ROC analysis, OPN showed the best discrimination between patients with and without metastases (area under the curve: 0.888). High OPN values were associated with poor survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression with forward and backward stepwise elimination confirmed plasma OPN as independent predictive survival factor in RCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that high plasma OPN levels are associated with distant metastases and poor survival in RCC patients. The use of OPN as potential marker to monitor new treatment strategies in patients with advanced RCC should be evaluated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizbek Ramankulov
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10098 Berlin, Germany
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Takahashi K, Miyashita M, Nomura T, Makino H, Futami R, Kashiwabara M, Katsuta M, Tajiri T. Serum p53 antibody as a predictor of early recurrence in patients with postoperative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2007; 20:117-22. [PMID: 17439594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that surveillance of serum p53 antibody (Ab) is a useful marker in detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). But there is little reported about prognostic significance of serum p53-Ab in postoperative patients with ESCC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of preoperative serum p53-Ab as a marker of early recurrence after curative resection for ESCC. Enzyme-linked immunosorvent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze serum p53-Ab before treatment in 44 patients with ESCC. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) were examined by immunoradiometric assay. The patients who were strongly positive and positive in serum p53-Ab were more likely to have early recurrence after curative resection than seronegative patients. There were no significant correlations between CEA, SCC-Ag positivity and early recurrence. We found that serum p53-Ab was useful to predict a risk of early recurrence after curative surgical resection for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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Matsuzaki H, Shima K, Muramatsu T, Ro Y, Hashimoto S, Shibahara T, Shimono M. Osteopontin as biomarker in early invasion by squamous cell carcinoma in tongue. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:30-4. [PMID: 17181739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has not been clearly elucidated. METHODS We selected 46 cases of tongue SCC and investigated the expression of OPN by immunohistochemical staining. The immunopositive reaction and score for each case were semiquantitatively evaluated. RESULTS Scores were significantly higher in carcinoma nests than in neighboring normal epithelium or epithelial dysplasia. The OPN was expressed clearly in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. In cases of early invasive carcinoma, in particular, expression of OPN showed a remarkable increase at the invasion front compared with the non-invaded regions. However, there was no significant correlation between expression of OPN in the primary tumor nest and lymphatic metastasis, recurrence, or survival rate. CONCLUSION This suggests that OPN is a useful biomarker of early invasion by SCC in tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuzaki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Ramankulov A, Lein M, Kristiansen G, Loening SA, Jung K. Plasma osteopontin in comparison with bone markers as indicator of bone metastasis and survival outcome in patients with prostate cancer. Prostate 2007; 67:330-40. [PMID: 17192877 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma osteopontin (OPN) in comparison to bone markers as well as the relationships between the markers and clinico-pathological factors in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. METHODS OPN and the bone markers carboxyterminal-telopeptide of type I collagen, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and aminoterminal-propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) were measured in 90 PCa patients with and without bone metastases, 35 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 29 healthy men. RESULTS OPN and bone markers were significantly elevated in patients with bone metastases compared to the other groups. Significant correlations were found between all four-bone markers (r(s) = 0.43-0.79, all P < 0.01). OPN correlated with tumor grade (r(s) = 0.23, P < 0.05). In receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analyses, OPN and bone markers were effective in distinguishing PCa patients with and without bone metastases showing areas under the curve (AUC) between 0.80 and 0.88 (all P < 0.001). OPN had an AUC of 0.85 that increased in combination with bALP up to 0.93 providing at the point with the highest diagnostic accuracy both a sensitivity and specificity of about 90%. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models showed decreased survival of patients with high OPN and bone marker levels, while only high OPN and PINP were independent negative prognostic factors for PCa-related death. CONCLUSIONS OPN alone or in combination with bone markers is useful as diagnostic marker in the detection of bone metastases and as prognosticator in the survival prediction in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizbek Ramankulov
- Department of Urology, Charité--University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Matusiewicz M, Diakowska D, Grabowski K, Blachut K, Banas T. Up-regulation of VEGF-C secreted by cancer cells and not VEGF-A correlates with clinical evaluation of lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Cancer Lett 2006; 249:171-7. [PMID: 17011116 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue expression of VEGF-C correlates with lymph node involvement (LNI) in ESCC and serum VEGF-C (sVEGF-C) in a non-small cell lung cancer has been more accurate marker of LNI than chest CT. Despite LNI importance in ESCC, the usefulness of serum VEGF-C (sVEGF-C) as a disease and LNI marker in ESCC has not been investigated yet. We found elevated sVEGF-C in ESCC (17.40 vs. 10.57 ng/ml in controls, p<0.001). It proved to be a better ESCC marker than described elsewhere: CEA, CA19-9 and SCC-Ag, with: sensitivity--70%, specificity--81%, accuracy--83.7%. Analysis of sVEGF-C correlation with clinico-pathological cancer features revealed relation to LNI (N0: 15.77 vs. N1: 21.78 ng/ml, p=0.02), especially in advanced cancers. Serum VEGF-C as a marker of LNI was characterized by: sensitivity--76%, specificity--58%, accuracy--64.4%. No relation was observed between LNI and sVEGF-A or sVEGF-A/platelets (PLT). Because sVEGF-C was higher in N0 cancers (p<0.01), the tumor presence also up-regulates sVEGF-C. We found sVEGF-C correlation with PLT and WBC: R=0.36 and R=0.32 (p<0.01). Nevertheless, analysis of PLT and WBC dependence on cancer features implies that elevation of sVEGF-C in N1 cancers is not related to them.
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Vordermark D, Said HM, Katzer A, Kuhnt T, Hänsgen G, Dunst J, Flentje M, Bache M. Plasma osteopontin levels in patients with head and neck cancer and cervix cancer are critically dependent on the choice of ELISA system. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:207. [PMID: 16911785 PMCID: PMC1564036 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor-associated glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is discussed as a plasma surrogate marker of tumor hypoxia and as an indicator of the presence of pleural mesothelioma in asbestos-exposed individuals. The clinical introduction of plasma OPN measurements requires the availability of a reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbence assay (ELISA). METHODS We compared previously described and currently available ELISA systems on 88 archival plasma samples obtained from patients with head and neck or cervix cancer between 20 days before and 171 after the start of radiotherapy. RESULTS Median (range) plasma OPN levels were 667 (148.8-2095) ng/ml and 9.8 (3.5-189.5) ng/ml for a previously described and a newly marketed assay, respectively. Although results for different assays were significantly correlated (r = 0.38, p < 0.05, Spearman rank test), between-assay factors ranged from 2.0 to 217.9 (median 74.6) in individual patients. OPN levels in cervix cancer patients were comparable to those of head and neck cancer patients. CONCLUSION Commercially available OPN ELISA systems produce different absolute plasma OPN levels, compromising a comparison of individual patient data with published results. However, different assays appear to have a similar capacity to rank patients according to plasma OPN level. A review of literature data suggests that plasma OPN levels measured even with identical ELISA systems can only be compared with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Vordermark
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harun M Said
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuhnt
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University of Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hänsgen
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University of Halle, Germany
| | - Jürgen Dunst
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University of Halle, Germany
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University of Halle, Germany
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Kita Y, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, Matsumoto M, Uchikado Y, Setoyama T, Owaki T, Ishigami S, Aikou T. Expression of osteopontin in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:634-8. [PMID: 16880782 PMCID: PMC2360684 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is a multifunctional 34 kDa extracellular matrix protein with a cell-binding domain. It is involved cell adhesion and cell migration and is therefore considered to influence tumorigenesis and/or metastasis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of Osteopontin expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the present study, we immunohistochemically investigated the relationship between Osteopontin expression and clinicopathological factors including prognosis in surgical specimens of primary tumours in 175 patients with ESCC. Osteopontin was expressed in 48% of 175 patients. Osteopontin expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and stage (P=0.0015, 0.037 and 0.033, respectively). Tumours with expressing Osteopontin exhibited more lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and advanced stage than the tumour with negative Osteopontin expression. Five-year survival rate was better in patients with negative Osteopontin expression than in those with positive Osteopontin expression (P=0.035). However, multivariate analysis revealed that Osteopontin expression was not an independent prognostic factor. As our findings suggest that Osteopontin may play an important role in progress of ESCC, the evaluation of Osteopontin expression is useful for predicting the malignant properties of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kita
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Field of Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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