1
|
Remo A, Sina S, Barbi S, Simeone I, Insolda J, Parcesepe P, Giordano G, Cerulo L, Ceccarelli M, Fiorica F, Bonetti A, Pancione M, Manfrin E. Wnt (canonical and non canonical) pathways in breast carcinoma with extensive vascular invasion and inflammatory breast carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153347. [PMID: 33550148 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma with extensive peritumoral vascular invasion (ePVI-BC) is a cancer with massive vascular invasion (>10) detected in more than one slide. This neoplasm shows clinic-pathological affinity with inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC). In this paper we evaluate their biological relationship through the study of surrogate markers (β-catenin and NFAT5) of Canonical (cWnt) and non-canonical (nWnt) Wnt pathways activation. METHODS By immunoistochemistry, we investigate β-catenin and NFAT5 in 39 IBC, 74 ePVI-BC and 84 control cases (CG-BC). RESULTS cWnt was activated in 100 % of ePVI-BC, in 64 % of IBC and 10 % of CG-BC. nWnt was activated in 20 % of ePVI-BC, 50 % of IBC and 1% of CG-BC. The prognosis of carcinomas with nWnt activated was poor similar to IBC. The statistical analysis evidences as both the pathways are synergistic in malignant progression and survival time. β-catenin show an important association with prognostic factors and NFAT5 shows a relevant prognostic role on OS (p = 1.5*10-6) and DFS (P = 1,2*10-4). nWnt is associated with a worse prognosis independently of cWnt. cWnt is associated with adverse prognosis (DFS p = 0.0469; OS p = 0.004891) but its prognostic role is indifferent in carcinoma with nWnt activated. CONCLUSIONS Canonical Wnt pathway is involved in malignant progression with dominant role for vascular invasion whereas non canonical Wnt pathway plays an important role on survival time including the capacity to identify carcinomas with IBC-like prognosis. Furthermore ePVI may represent a "prodromal form of IBC" as demonstrated by its clinicopathological and biological similarity with IBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Remo
- Pathology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera" and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy.
| | - S Sina
- Pathology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera" and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - S Barbi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - I Simeone
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - J Insolda
- Pathology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera" and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - P Parcesepe
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Giordano
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, Ospedali Riuniti Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Cerulo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Bioinformatics Laboratory, BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - M Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Bioinformatics Laboratory, BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - F Fiorica
- Radiotherapy Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera"and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - A Bonetti
- Oncology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera"and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - M Pancione
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - E Manfrin
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Little AC, Pathanjeli P, Wu Z, Bao L, Goo LE, Yates JA, Oliver CR, Soellner MB, Merajver SD. IL-4/IL-13 Stimulated Macrophages Enhance Breast Cancer Invasion Via Rho-GTPase Regulation of Synergistic VEGF/CCL-18 Signaling. Front Oncol 2019; 9:456. [PMID: 31214501 PMCID: PMC6554436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are increasingly recognized as major contributors to the metastatic progression of breast cancer and enriched levels of TAMs often correlate with poor prognosis. Despite our current advances it remains unclear which subset of M2-like macrophages have the highest capacity to enhance the metastatic program and which mechanisms regulate this process. Effective targeting of macrophages that aid cancer progression requires knowledge of the specific mechanisms underlying their pro-metastatic actions, as to avoid the anticipated toxicities from generalized targeting of macrophages. To this end, we set out to understand the relationship between the regulation of tumor secretions by Rho-GTPases, which were previously demonstrated to affect them, macrophage differentiation, and the converse influence of macrophages on cancer cell phenotype. Our data show that IL-4/IL-13 in vitro differentiated M2a macrophages significantly increase migratory and invasive potential of breast cancer cells at a greater rate than M2b or M2c macrophages. Our previous work demonstrated that the Rho-GTPases are potent regulators of macrophage-induced migratory responses; therefore, we examined M2a-mediated responses in RhoA or RhoC knockout breast cancer cell models. We find that both RhoA and RhoC regulate migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149 cells following stimulation with M2a conditioned media. Secretome analysis of M2a conditioned media reveals high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL-18). Results from our functional assays reveal that M2a TAMs synergistically utilize VEGF and CCL-18 to promote migratory and invasive responses. Lastly, we show that pretreatment with ROCK inhibitors Y-276332 or GSK42986A attenuated VEGF/CCL-18 and M2a-induced migration and invasion. These results support Rho-GTPase signaling regulates downstream responses induced by TAMs, offering a novel approach for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis by anti-RhoA/C therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Little
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sofia D. Merajver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amendola PG, Reuten R, Erler JT. Interplay Between LOX Enzymes and Integrins in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050729. [PMID: 31130685 PMCID: PMC6562985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family are secreted copper-dependent amine oxidases that catalyze the covalent crosslinking of collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix (ECM), an essential process for the structural integrity of all tissues. LOX enzymes can also remodel the tumor microenvironment and have been implicated in all stages of tumor initiation and progression of many cancer types. Changes in the ECM can influence several cancer cell phenotypes. Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) physically connect cells with their microenvironment. This review article summarizes the main findings on the role of LOX proteins in modulating the tumor microenvironment, with a particular focus on how ECM changes are integrated by IACs to modulate cells behavior. Finally, we discuss how the development of selective LOX inhibitors may lead to novel and effective therapies in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Amendola
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Janine Terra Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Konttinen YT, Kaivosoja E, Stegaev V, Wagner HD, Levón J, Tiainen VM, Mackiewicz Z. Extracellular Matrix and Tissue Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
5
|
Microarray-based copy number analysis of neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1)-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors reveals a role for Rho-GTPase pathway genes in NF1 tumorigenesis. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:763-76. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
6
|
Rosenthal DT, Iyer H, Escudero S, Bao L, Wu Z, Ventura AC, Kleer CG, Arruda EM, Garikipati K, Merajver SD. p38γ promotes breast cancer cell motility and metastasis through regulation of RhoC GTPase, cytoskeletal architecture, and a novel leading edge behavior. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6338-49. [PMID: 21862636 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular alterations that confer cancer cells with motile, metastatic properties is needed to improve patient survival. Here, we report that p38γ motogen-activated protein kinase regulates breast cancer cell motility and metastasis, in part, by controlling expression of the metastasis-associated small GTPase RhoC. This p38γ-RhoC regulatory connection was mediated by a novel mechanism of modulating RhoC ubiquitination. This relationship persisted across multiple cell lines and in clinical breast cancer specimens. Using a computational mechanical model based on the finite element method, we showed that p38γ-mediated cytoskeletal changes are sufficient to control cell motility. This model predicted novel dynamics of leading edge actin protrusions, which were experimentally verified and established to be closely related to cell shape and cytoskeletal morphology. Clinical relevance was supported by evidence that elevated expression of p38γ is associated with lower overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Taken together, our results offer a detailed characterization of how p38γ contributes to breast cancer progression. Herein we present a new mechanics-based analysis of cell motility, and report on the discovery of a leading edge behavior in motile cells to accommodate modified cytoskeletal architecture. In summary, these findings not only identify a novel mechanism for regulating RhoC expression but also advance p38γ as a candidate therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin T Rosenthal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Samuel MS, Lopez JI, McGhee EJ, Croft DR, Strachan D, Timpson P, Munro J, Schröder E, Zhou J, Brunton VG, Barker N, Clevers H, Sansom OJ, Anderson KI, Weaver VM, Olson MF. Actomyosin-mediated cellular tension drives increased tissue stiffness and β-catenin activation to induce epidermal hyperplasia and tumor growth. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:776-91. [PMID: 21665151 PMCID: PMC3115541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumors and associated stroma manifest mechanical properties that promote cancer. Mechanosensation of tissue stiffness activates the Rho/ROCK pathway to increase actomyosin-mediated cellular tension to re-establish force equilibrium. To determine how actomyosin tension affects tissue homeostasis and tumor development, we expressed conditionally active ROCK2 in mouse skin. ROCK activation elevated tissue stiffness via increased collagen. β-catenin, a key element of mechanotranscription pathways, was stabilized by ROCK activation leading to nuclear accumulation, transcriptional activation, and consequent hyperproliferation and skin thickening. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility by blocking LIMK or myosin ATPase attenuated these responses, as did FAK inhibition. Tumor number, growth, and progression were increased by ROCK activation, while ROCK blockade was inhibitory, implicating actomyosin-mediated cellular tension and consequent collagen deposition as significant tumor promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose I Lopez
- Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ewan J McGhee
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel R Croft
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - June Munro
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Jing Zhou
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh EH4 2X9, UK
| | | | - Nick Barker
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Lv L, Liu H, Cui L, Chen G, Bi P, Li Z. Profiling the potential biomarkers for cell differentiation of pancreatic cancer using iTRAQ and 2-D LC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:862-71. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
9
|
Sandfort V, Koch U, Cordes N. Cell adhesion-mediated radioresistance revisited. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 83:727-32. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000701694335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sandfort
- OncoRay – Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology
- Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie & Endokrinologie Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Koch
- OncoRay – Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology
| | - N. Cordes
- OncoRay – Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The lysyl oxidase inhibitor, beta-aminopropionitrile, diminishes the metastatic colonization potential of circulating breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5620. [PMID: 19440335 PMCID: PMC2680032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), an extracellular matrix remodeling enzyme, appears to have a role in promoting breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness. In addition, increased LOX expression has been correlated with decreases in both metastases-free, and overall survival in breast cancer patients. With this background, we studied the ability of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an irreversible inhibitor of LOX, to regulate the metastatic colonization potential of the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. BAPN was administered daily to mice starting either 1 day prior, on the same day as, or 7 days after intracardiac injection of luciferase expressing MDA-MB-231-Luc2 cells. Development of metastases was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and tumor-induced osteolysis was assessed by micro-computed tomography (μCT). We found that BAPN administration was able to reduce the frequency of metastases. Thus, when BAPN treatment was initiated the day before, or on the same day as the intra-cardiac injection of tumor cells, the number of metastases was decreased by 44%, and 27%, and whole-body photon emission rates (reflective of total tumor burden) were diminished by 78%, and 45%, respectively. In contrast, BAPN had no effect on the growth of established metastases. Our findings suggest that LOX activity is required during extravasation and/or initial tissue colonization by circulating MDA-MB-231 cells, lending support to the idea that LOX inhibition might be useful in metastasis prevention.
Collapse
|
11
|
The effect of RhoC siRNA on the invasiveness and proliferation of human cervical cancer cell line SiHa cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:665-9. [PMID: 19107362 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-008-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of RhoC GTPase on the proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells, SiHa cells, in vitro. RhoC siRNA was introduced into SiHa cells to silence the RhoC gene. The mRNA and protein expression of RhoC, before and after RhoC siRNA transfection, was examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The proliferation and apoptosis of SiHa cells were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry (FACS), respectively. Adhesive rate was evaluated by Matrigel adhesive assay, and the invasive capability and migration capability were assessed by transwell invasive assay and migration assay, respectively. The results showed that after the RhoC siRNA transfection, the mRNA and protein expression of RhoC was down-regulated in SiHa cells. The down-regulation of RhoC GTPase did not affect the cell proliferation and apoptosis (P>0.05), but it did suppress SiHa cells' adhesion to matrigel (P<0.01), the invasive capability (P<0.01) and the migration capability (P<0.01). It was concluded that RhoC obviously promotes the adhesion, invasion and migration of SiHa cells in vitro, but not proliferation and apoptosis, suggesting that RhoC plays an important role in the progression in cervical cancer.
Collapse
|