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Zhong F, Hao W, Chao H, Li Z, Chen S, Li S, Zhang S, Zhang K, Li Z, Liu H. Tenascin-C promotes endochondral ossification and fracture healing through Hedgehog and Hippo signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149634. [PMID: 38354465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Fractures are frequent and severe musculoskeletal injuries. This study aimed to investigate the function of tenascin-C (TNC) in regulating chondrogenic during fracture healing and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. A well-established femur fracture model in male C57BL/6J mice was used to transect the middle diaphysis of the femur. To identify the essential role of TNC, shTNC lentiviruses or TNC protein were administered in the animal model. Micro-CT analysis, histologic analysis, immunostaining assays, and gene expression analysis were employed to investigate the effect of TNC during fracture healing. An in vitro mesenchymal stem cell culture system was developed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of TNC in regulating chondrogenesis. TNC expression was induced at the inflammatory phase and peaked at the cartilaginous callus phase during fracture healing. Knockdown of TNC expression in callus results in decreased callus formation and impaired fracture healing. Conversely, administration of exogenous TNC promoted chondrogenic differentiation, cartilage template formation and ultimately improved fracture healing. Both the Hedgehog and Hippo signaling pathways were found to be involved in the pro-chondrogenic function of TNC. Our observations demonstrate that TNC is a crucial factor responsible for endochondral ossification in fracture healing and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Chao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Siwen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Sifang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuibo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zemin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Ryan CNM, Pugliese E, Shologu N, Gaspar D, Rooney P, Islam MN, O'Riordan A, Biggs MJ, Griffin MD, Zeugolis DI. The synergistic effect of physicochemical in vitro microenvironment modulators in human bone marrow stem cell cultures. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213196. [PMID: 36455498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern bioengineering utilises biomimetic cell culture approaches to control cell fate during in vitro expansion. In this spirit, herein we assessed the influence of bidirectional surface topography, substrate rigidity, collagen type I coating and macromolecular crowding (MMC) in human bone marrow stem cell cultures. In the absence of MMC, surface topography was a strong modulator of cell morphology. MMC significantly increased extracellular matrix deposition, albeit in a globular manner, independently of the surface topography, substrate rigidity and collagen type I coating. Collagen type I coating significantly increased cell metabolic activity and none of the assessed parameters affected cell viability. At day 14, in the absence of MMC, none of the assessed genes was affected by surface topography, substrate rigidity and collagen type I coating, whilst in the presence of MMC, in general, collagen type I α1 chain, tenascin C, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric protein and runt-related transcription factor were downregulated. Interestingly, in the presence of the MMC, the 1000 kPa grooved substrate without collagen type I coating upregulated aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric protein, scleraxis homolog A, tenomodulin and thrombospondin 4, indicative of tenogenic differentiation. This study further supports the notion for multifactorial bioengineering to control cell fate in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N M Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Peadar Rooney
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Manus J Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Fu Z, Zhu G, Luo C, Chen Z, Dou Z, Chen Y, Zhong C, Su S, Liu F. Matricellular protein tenascin C: Implications in glioma progression, gliomagenesis, and treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971462. [PMID: 36033448 PMCID: PMC9413079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are nonstructural extracellular matrix components that are expressed at low levels in normal adult tissues and are upregulated during development or under pathological conditions. Tenascin C (TNC), a matricellular protein, is a hexameric and multimodular glycoprotein with different molecular forms that is produced by alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer of the central nervous system. Despite continued advances in multimodal therapy, the prognosis of gliomas remains poor. The main reasons for such poor outcomes are the heterogeneity and adaptability caused by the tumor microenvironment and glioma stem cells. It has been shown that TNC is present in the glioma microenvironment and glioma stem cell niches, and that it promotes malignant properties, such as neovascularization, proliferation, invasiveness, and immunomodulation. TNC is abundantly expressed in neural stem cell niches and plays a role in neurogenesis. Notably, there is increasing evidence showing that neural stem cells in the subventricular zone may be the cells of origin of gliomas. Here, we review the evidence regarding the role of TNC in glioma progression, propose a potential association between TNC and gliomagenesis, and summarize its clinical applications. Collectively, TNC is an appealing focus for advancing our understanding of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganggui Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yike Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuyi Liu,
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Nayak C, Singh SK. Integrated Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Prognostic Hub Genes as Therapeutic Targets of Glioblastoma: Evidenced by Bioinformatics Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22531-22550. [PMID: 35811900 PMCID: PMC9260928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating and frequent type of primary brain tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the use of surgical resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy as standard therapy, the progression of GBM remains dismal with a median overall survival of <15 months. GBM embodies a populace of cancer stem cells (GSCs) that is associated with tumor initiation, invasion, therapeutic resistance, and post-treatment reoccurrence. However, understanding the potential mechanisms of stemness and their candidate biomarkers remains limited. Hence in this investigation, we aimed to illuminate potential candidate hub genes and key pathways associated with the pathogenesis of GSC in the development of GBM. The integrated analysis discovered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the brain cancer tissues (GBM and GSC) and normal brain tissues. Multiple approaches, including gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were employed to functionally annotate the DEGs and visualize them through the R program. The significant hub genes were identified through the protein-protein interaction network, Venn diagram analysis, and survival analysis. We observed that the upregulated DEGs were prominently involved in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. The downregulated genes were mainly associated with the axon guidance pathway. Five significant hub genes (CTNNB1, ITGB1, TNC, EGFR, and SHOX2) were screened out through multiple analyses. GO and KEGG analyses of hub genes uncovered that these genes were primarily enriched in disease-associated pathways such as the inhibition of apoptosis and the DNA damage repair mechanism, activation of the cell cycle, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), hormone AR (androgen receptor), hormone ER (estrogen receptor), PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AKT), RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase), and TSC/mTOR (tuberous sclerosis complex and mammalian target of rapamycin). Consequently, the epigenetic regulatory network disclosed that hub genes played a vital role in the progression of GBM. Finally, candidate drugs were predicted that can be used as possible drugs to treat GBM patients. Overall, our investigation offered five hub genes (CTNNB1, ITGB1, TNC, EGFR, and SHOX2) that could be used as precise diagnostic and prognostic candidate biomarkers of GBM and might be used as personalized therapeutic targets to obstruct gliomagenesis.
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5
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Cameron T, Bennet T, Rowe EM, Anwer M, Wellington CL, Cheung KC. Review of Design Considerations for Brain-on-a-Chip Models. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:441. [PMID: 33921018 PMCID: PMC8071412 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the need for sophisticated human in vitro models for integrative biology has motivated the development of organ-on-a-chip platforms. Organ-on-a-chip devices are engineered to mimic the mechanical, biochemical and physiological properties of human organs; however, there are many important considerations when selecting or designing an appropriate device for investigating a specific scientific question. Building microfluidic Brain-on-a-Chip (BoC) models from the ground-up will allow for research questions to be answered more thoroughly in the brain research field, but the design of these devices requires several choices to be made throughout the design development phase. These considerations include the cell types, extracellular matrix (ECM) material(s), and perfusion/flow considerations. Choices made early in the design cycle will dictate the limitations of the device and influence the end-point results such as the permeability of the endothelial cell monolayer, and the expression of cell type-specific markers. To better understand why the engineering aspects of a microfluidic BoC need to be influenced by the desired biological environment, recent progress in microfluidic BoC technology is compared. This review focuses on perfusable blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) models with discussions about the chip architecture, the ECM used, and how they relate to the in vivo human brain. With increased knowledge on how to make informed choices when selecting or designing BoC models, the scientific community will benefit from shorter development phases and platforms curated for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Cameron
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.C.); (T.B.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tanya Bennet
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.C.); (T.B.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Elyn M. Rowe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (E.M.R.); (M.A.); (C.L.W.)
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mehwish Anwer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (E.M.R.); (M.A.); (C.L.W.)
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (E.M.R.); (M.A.); (C.L.W.)
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.C.); (T.B.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Tenascin-C Function in Glioma: Immunomodulation and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:149-172. [PMID: 32845507 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
First identified in the 1980s, tenascin-C (TNC) is a multi-domain extracellular matrix glycoprotein abundantly expressed during the development of multicellular organisms. TNC level is undetectable in most adult tissues but rapidly and transiently induced by a handful of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a variety of pathological conditions including infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and wound healing. Persistent TNC expression is associated with chronic inflammation and many malignancies, including glioma. By interacting with its receptor integrin and a myriad of other binding partners, TNC elicits context- and cell type-dependent function to regulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. TNC operates as an endogenous activator of toll-like receptor 4 and promotes inflammatory response by inducing the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory factors in innate immune cells such as microglia and macrophages. In addition, TNC drives macrophage differentiation and polarization predominantly towards an M1-like phenotype. In contrast, TNC shows immunosuppressive function in T cells. In glioma, TNC is expressed by tumor cells and stromal cells; high expression of TNC is correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Besides promoting glioma invasion and angiogenesis, TNC has been found to affect the morphology and function of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages in glioma. Clinically, TNC can serve as a biomarker for tumor progression; and TNC antibodies have been utilized as an adjuvant agent to deliver anti-tumor drugs to target glioma. A better mechanistic understanding of how TNC impacts innate and adaptive immunity during tumorigenesis and tumor progression will open new therapeutic avenues to treat brain tumors and other malignancies.
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Higa K, Higuchi J, Kimoto R, Miyashita H, Shimazaki J, Tsubota K, Shimmura S. Human corneal limbal organoids maintaining limbal stem cell niche function. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102012. [PMID: 33039805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelial stem cells reside in the limbal area between the cornea and conjunctiva. We examined the potential use of limbal organoids as a source of transplantable limbal stem cells. After treating tissue with collagenase, limbal cells were seeded onto Matrigel and cultivated using limbal phenotype maintenance medium. After 1-month, approximately 500 organoids were formed from one donor cornea. Organoids derived from vertical sites (superior and inferior limbus) showed large colony forming efficiency, a higher ratio of slow cycling cells and N-cadherin-expressing epithelial cells compared to horizontal sites. The progenitor markers Keratin (K) 15 and p63 were expressed in epithelial sheets engineered form a single organoid. Organoids transplanted in the limbus of a rabbit limbal deficiency model confirmed the presence of organoid-derived cells extending on to host corneas by immunohistochemistry. Our data show that limbal organoids with a limbal phenotype can be maintained for up to 1 month in vitro which can each give rise to a fully stratified corneal epithelium complete with basal progenitor cells. Limbal organoids were successfully engrafted in vivo to provide epithelial cells in a rabbit limbal deficiency model, suggesting that organoids may be an efficient cell source for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Higa
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.
| | - Junko Higuchi
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.
| | - Reona Kimoto
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Miyashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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8
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Brandt S, Ballhause TM, Bernhardt A, Becker A, Salaru D, Le-Deffge HM, Fehr A, Fu Y, Philipsen L, Djudjaj S, Müller AJ, Kramann R, Ibrahim M, Geffers R, Siebel C, Isermann B, Heidel FH, Lindquist JA, Mertens PR. Fibrosis and Immune Cell Infiltration Are Separate Events Regulated by Cell-Specific Receptor Notch3 Expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2589-2608. [PMID: 32859670 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney injuries that result in chronic inflammation initiate crosstalk between stressed resident cells and infiltrating immune cells. In animal models, whole-body receptor Notch3 deficiency protects from leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. However, the relative contribution of Notch3 expression in tissue versus infiltrating immune cells is unknown. METHODS Chimeric mice deficient for Notch3 in hematopoietic cells and/or resident tissue cells were generated, and kidney fibrosis and inflammation after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were analyzed. Adoptive transfer of labeled bone marrow-derived cells validated the results in a murine Leishmania ear infection model. In vitro adhesion assays, integrin activation, and extracellular matrix production were analyzed. RESULTS Fibrosis follows UUO, but inflammatory cell infiltration mostly depends upon Notch3 expression in hematopoietic cells, which coincides with an enhanced proinflammatory milieu (e.g., CCL2 and CCL5 upregulation). Notch3 expression on CD45+ leukocytes plays a prominent role in efficient cell transmigration. Functionally, leukocyte adhesion and integrin activation are abrogated in the absence of receptor Notch3. Chimeric animal models also reveal that tubulointerstitial fibrosis develops, even in the absence of prominent leukocyte infiltrates after ureteral obstruction. Deleting Notch3 receptors on resident cells blunts kidney fibrosis, ablates NF-κB signaling, and lessens matrix deposition. CONCLUSIONS Cell-specific receptor Notch3 signaling independently orchestrates leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. Interference with Notch3 signaling may present a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory as well as fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Brandt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Ballhause
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bernhardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Becker
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Delia Salaru
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hien Minh Le-Deffge
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Fehr
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yan Fu
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Intravital Microscopy of Infection and Immunity Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Chris Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Berend Isermann
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich Schiller University Medical Center, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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Wawrzyniak D, Grabowska M, Głodowicz P, Kuczyński K, Kuczyńska B, Fedoruk-Wyszomirska A, Rolle K. Down-regulation of tenascin-C inhibits breast cancer cells development by cell growth, migration, and adhesion impairment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237889. [PMID: 32817625 PMCID: PMC7440653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays an important role in cell proliferation, migration, and tumour invasion in various cancers. TNC is one of the main protein overexpressed in breast cancer, indicating a role for this ECM molecule in cancer pathology. In this study we have evaluated the TNC loss-off-function in breast cancer cells. In our approach, we used dsRNA sharing sequence homology with TNC mRNA, called ATN-RNA. We present the data showing the effects of ATN-RNA in MDA-MB-231 cells both in monolayer and three-dimensional culture. Cells treated with ATN-RNA were analyzed for phenotypic alterations in proliferation, migration, adhesion, cell cycle, multi-caspase activation and the involvement in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes. As complementary analysis the oncogenomic portals were used to assess the clinical implication of TNC expression on breast cancer patient's survival, showing the TNC overexpression associated with a poor survival outcome. Our approach applied first in brain tumors and then in breast cancer cell lines reveals that ATN-RNA significantly diminishes the cell proliferation, migration and additionally, reverses the mesenchymal cells phenotype to the epithelial one. Thus, TNC could be considered as the universal target in different types of tumors, where TNC overexpression is associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Wawrzyniak
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grabowska
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Głodowicz
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Konrad Kuczyński
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bogna Kuczyńska
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Fedoruk-Wyszomirska
- Laboratory of Subcellular Structures Analysis, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rolle
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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10
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Urooj T, Wasim B, Mushtaq S, Shah SNN, Shah M. Cancer Cell-derived Secretory Factors in Breast Cancer-associated Lung Metastasis: Their Mechanism and Future Prospects. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:168-186. [PMID: 31858911 PMCID: PMC7516334 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666191220151856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Breast cancer, Lung is the second most common site of metastasis after the bone. Various factors are responsible for Lung metastasis occurring secondary to Breast cancer. Cancer cellderived secretory factors are commonly known as 'Cancer Secretomes'. They exhibit a prompt role in the mechanism of Breast cancer lung metastasis. They are also major constituents of hostassociated tumor microenvironment. Through cross-talk between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix components, cancer cell-derived extracellular matrix components (CCECs) such as hyaluronan, collagens, laminin and fibronectin cause ECM remodeling at the primary site (breast) of cancer. However, at the secondary site (lung), tenascin C, periostin and lysyl oxidase, along with pro-metastatic molecules Coco and GALNT14, contribute to the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN) by promoting ECM remodeling and lung metastatic cells colonization. Cancer cell-derived secretory factors by inducing cancer cell proliferation at the primary site, their invasion through the tissues and vessels and early colonization of metastatic cells in the PMN, potentiate the mechanism of Lung metastasis in Breast cancer. On the basis of biochemical structure, these secretory factors are broadly classified into proteins and non-proteins. This is the first review that has highlighted the role of cancer cell-derived secretory factors in Breast cancer Lung metastasis (BCLM). It also enumerates various researches that have been conducted to date in breast cancer cell lines and animal models that depict the prompt role of various types of cancer cell-derived secretory factors involved in the process of Breast cancer lung metastasis. In the future, by therapeutically targeting these cancer driven molecules, this specific type of organ-tropic metastasis in breast cancer can be successfully treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Urooj
- Anatomy Department, Ziauddin University, Clifton Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Wasim
- Anatomy Department, Ziauddin University, Clifton Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Mushtaq
- Biochemistry Department, Ziauddin University, Clifton Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Muzna Shah
- Anatomy Department, Ziauddin University, Clifton Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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11
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Rigoglio NN, Rabelo ACS, Borghesi J, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Fratini P, Prazeres PHDM, Pimentel CMMM, Birbrair A, Miglino MA. The Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Extracellular Matrix. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:1-38. [PMID: 32266651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates the development and maintains tissue homeostasis. The ECM is composed of a complex network of molecules presenting distinct biochemical properties to regulate cell growth, survival, motility, and differentiation. Among their components, proteoglycans (PGs) are considered one of the main components of ECM. Its composition, biomechanics, and anisotropy are exquisitely tuned to reflect the physiological state of the tissue. The loss of ECM's homeostasis is seen as one of the hallmarks of cancer and, typically, defines transitional events in tumor progression and metastasis. In this chapter, we discuss the types of proteoglycans and their roles in cancer. It has been observed that the amount of some ECM components is increased, while others are decreased, depending on the type of tumor. However, both conditions corroborate with tumor progression and malignancy. Therefore, ECM components have an increasingly important role in carcinogenesis and this leads us to believe that their understanding may be a key in the discovery of new anti-tumor therapies. In this book, the main ECM components will be discussed in more detail in each chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathia Nathaly Rigoglio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Myofibroblast in Kidney Fibrosis: Origin, Activation, and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:253-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Tenascin-C protects against acute kidney injury by recruiting Wnt ligands. Kidney Int 2018; 95:62-74. [PMID: 30409456 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex process involving tubular, inflammatory, and vascular components, but less is known about the role of the interstitial microenvironment. We have previously shown that the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) is induced in fibrotic kidneys. In mouse models of AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or cisplatin, TNC was induced de novo in the injured sites and localized to the renal interstitium. The circulating level of TNC protein was also elevated in AKI patients after cardiac surgery. Knockdown of TNC by shRNA in vivo aggravated AKI after ischemic or toxic injury. This effect was associated with reduced renal β-catenin expression, suggesting an impact on Wnt signaling. In vitro, TNC protected tubular epithelial cells against apoptosis and augmented Wnt1-mediated β-catenin activation. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that TNC physically interacts with Wnt ligands. Furthermore, a TNC-enriched kidney tissue scaffold prepared from IRI mice was able to recruit and concentrate Wnt ligands from the surrounding milieu ex vivo. The ability to recruit Wnt ligands in this ex vivo model diminished after TNC depletion. These studies indicate that TNC is specifically induced at sites of injury and recruits Wnt ligands, thereby creating a favorable microenvironment for tubular repair and regeneration after AKI.
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14
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Kaylan KB, Gentile SD, Milling LE, Bhinge KN, Kosari F, Underhill GH. Mapping lung tumor cell drug responses as a function of matrix context and genotype using cell microarrays. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 8:1221-1231. [PMID: 27796394 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma progression is influenced by interactions between epithelial tumor cells and components of their microenvironment. In particular, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are known to drive tumor growth, metastatic potential, and sensitivity or resistance to therapy. Yet the intrinsic complexity of ECM composition within the tumor microenvironment remains a barrier to comprehensive investigation of these interactions. We present here a high-throughput cell microarray-based approach to study the impact of defined combinations of ECM proteins on tumor cell drug responses. Using this approach, we quantitatively evaluated the effects of 55 different ECM environments representing all single and two-factor combinations of 10 ECM proteins on the responses of lung adenocarcinoma cells to a selection of cancer-relevant small molecule drugs. This drug panel consisted of an alkylating agent and five receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We further determined that expression of the neuroendocrine transcription factor ASCL1, which has been previously associated with poor patient outcome when co-expressed with the RET oncogene, altered cell responses to drugs and modulated cleavage of the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 depending on ECM context. Our results suggest that co-expression of specific ECM proteins with known genetic drivers in lung adenocarcinoma may impact therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, this approach could be utilized to define the molecular mechanisms by which cell-matrix interactions drive drug resistance through integration with clinical cell samples and genomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim B Kaylan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Stefan D Gentile
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Lauren E Milling
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Kaustubh N Bhinge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Farhad Kosari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory H Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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15
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Faissner A, Roll L, Theocharidis U. Tenascin-C in the matrisome of neural stem and progenitor cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 81:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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16
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Wang X, Wilkinson R, Kildey K, Potriquet J, Mulvenna J, Lobb RJ, Möller A, Cloonan N, Mukhopadhyay P, Kassianos AJ, Healy H. Unique molecular profile of exosomes derived from primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells under diseased conditions. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1314073. [PMID: 28473886 PMCID: PMC5405564 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1314073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) of the kidney are known to respond to and mediate the disease process in a wide range of kidney diseases, yet their exosomal production and exosome molecular cargo remain a mystery. Here we investigate, for the first time, the production and molecular content of exosomes derived from primary human PTEC cultured under normal and diseased conditions representing a spectrum of in vivo disease severity from early inflammation, experienced in multiple initial kidney disease states, through to hypoxia, frequently seen in late stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to fibrosis and vascular compromise. We demonstrate a rapid reproducible methodology for the purification of PTEC-derived exosomes, identify increased numbers of exosomes from disease-state cultures and identify differential expression levels of both known and unique miRNA and protein species from exosomes derived from different disease-culture conditions. The validity of our approach is supported by the identification of miRNA, proteins and pathways with known CKD associations, providing a rationale to further evaluate these novel and known pathways as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Fu H, Tian Y, Zhou L, Zhou D, Tan RJ, Stolz DB, Liu Y. Tenascin-C Is a Major Component of the Fibrogenic Niche in Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:785-801. [PMID: 27612995 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis initiates at certain focal sites in which the fibrogenic niche provides a specialized microenvironment that facilitates fibroblast activation and proliferation. However, the molecular identity of these fibrogenic niches is poorly characterized. Here, we determined whether tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is a component of the fibrogenic niche in kidney fibrosis. In vivo, TNC expression increased rapidly in kidneys subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction or ischemia/reperfusion injury and predominantly localized at the foci rich in fibroblasts in renal interstitium. In vitro, TNC selectively promoted renal interstitial fibroblast proliferation, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and the expression of proliferation-related genes. The mitogenic activity of TNC required the integrin/focal adhesion kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. Using decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds, we found that TNC-enriched scaffolds facilitated fibroblast proliferation, whereas TNC-deprived scaffolds inhibited proliferation. Matrix scaffold prepared from fibrotic kidney also promoted greater ex vivo fibroblast proliferation than did scaffolds prepared from healthy kidney. Conversely, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TNC in vivo repressed injury-induced fibroblast expansion and renal fibrosis. These studies identify TNC as a major constituent of the fibrogenic niche that promotes fibroblast proliferation, and illustrate a pivotal role for the TNC-enriched microenvironment in kidney fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and.,Departments of Pathology
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | | | | | - Donna B Stolz
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and .,Departments of Pathology
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18
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Pollen AA, Nowakowski TJ, Chen J, Retallack H, Sandoval-Espinosa C, Nicholas CR, Shuga J, Liu SJ, Oldham MC, Diaz A, Lim DA, Leyrat AA, West JA, Kriegstein AR. Molecular identity of human outer radial glia during cortical development. Cell 2015; 163:55-67. [PMID: 26406371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Radial glia, the neural stem cells of the neocortex, are located in two niches: the ventricular zone and outer subventricular zone. Although outer subventricular zone radial glia may generate the majority of human cortical neurons, their molecular features remain elusive. By analyzing gene expression across single cells, we find that outer radial glia preferentially express genes related to extracellular matrix formation, migration, and stemness, including TNC, PTPRZ1, FAM107A, HOPX, and LIFR. Using dynamic imaging, immunostaining, and clonal analysis, we relate these molecular features to distinctive behaviors of outer radial glia, demonstrate the necessity of STAT3 signaling for their cell cycle progression, and establish their extensive proliferative potential. These results suggest that outer radial glia directly support the subventricular niche through local production of growth factors, potentiation of growth factor signals by extracellular matrix proteins, and activation of self-renewal pathways, thereby enabling the developmental and evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hanna Retallack
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carmen Sandoval-Espinosa
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cory R Nicholas
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joe Shuga
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Siyuan John Liu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael C Oldham
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aaron Diaz
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anne A Leyrat
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jay A West
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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19
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Isolation, characterisation and comparative analysis of human umbilical cord vein perivascular cells and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2015; 17:345-52. [PMID: 26679930 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-015-9542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular cells are known to be ancestors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and can be obtained from heart, skin, bone marrow, eye, placenta and umbilical cord (UC). However detailed characterization of perivascular cells around the human UC vein and comparative analysis of them with MSCs haven't been done yet. In this study, our aim is to isolate perivascular cells from human UC vein and characterize them versus UC blood MSCs (UCB-MSCs). For this purpose, perivascular cells around the UC vein were isolated enzymatically and then purified with magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) method using CD146 Microbead Kit respectively. MSCs were isolated from UCB by Ficoll density gradient solution. Perivascular cells and UCB-MSCs were characterized by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation procedures, flow cytometric analysis [CD146, CD105, CD31, CD34, CD45 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)], and immunofluorescent staining (MAP1B and Tenascin C). Alizarin red and Oil red O staining results showed that perivascular cells and MSCs had osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity. However, osteogenic differentiation capacity of perivascular cells were found to be less than UCB-MSCs. According to flow cytometric analysis, CD146 expression of perivascular cells were appeared to be 4.8-fold higher than UCB-MSCs. Expression of α-SMA, MAP1B and Tenascin-C from perivascular cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis and immunfluorescent staining. The results appear to support the fact that perivascular cells are the ancestors of MSCs in vascular area. They may be used as alternative cells to MSCs in the field of vascular tissue engineering.
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20
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de Aberasturi AL, Redrado M, Villalba M, Larzabal L, Pajares MJ, Garcia J, Evans SR, Garcia-Ros D, Bodegas ME, Lopez L, Montuenga L, Calvo A. TMPRSS4 induces cancer stem cell-like properties in lung cancer cells and correlates with ALDH expression in NSCLC patients. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:165-76. [PMID: 26546046 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis involves a series of changes in cancer cells that promote their escape from the primary tumor and colonization to a new organ. This process is related to the transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype (EMT). Recently, some authors have shown that migratory cells with an EMT phenotype share properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which allow them to form a new tumor mass. The type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS4 is highly expressed in some solid tumors, promotes metastasis and confers EMT features to cancer cells. We hypothesized that TMPRSS4 could also provide CSC properties. Overexpression of TMPRSS4 reduces E-cadherin and induces N-cadherin and vimentin in A549 lung cancer cells, supporting an EMT phenotype. These changes are accompanied by enhanced migration, invasion and tumorigenicity in vivo. TMPRSS4 expression was highly increased in a panel of lung cancer cells cultured as tumorspheres (a typical assay to enrich for CSCs). H358 and H441 cells with knocked-down TMPRSS4 levels were significantly less able to form primary and secondary tumorspheres than control cells. Moreover, they showed a lower proportion of ALDH+ cells (examined by FACS analysis) and lower expression of some CSC markers than controls. A549 cells overexpressing TMPRSS4 conferred the opposite phenotype and were also more sensitive to the CSC-targeted drug salinomycin than control cells, but were more resistant to regular chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin, gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil). Analysis of 70 NSCLC samples from patients revealed a very significant correlation between TMPRSS4 expression and CSC markers ALDH (p = 0.0018) and OCT4 (p = 0.0004), suggesting that TMPRSS4 is associated with a CSC phenotype in patients' tumors. These results show that TMPRSS4, in addition to inducing EMT, can also promote CSC features in lung cancer; therefore, CSC-targeting drugs could be an appropriate treatment for TMPRSS4+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrate L de Aberasturi
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Redrado
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Villalba
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leyre Larzabal
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Pajares
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Stephanie R Evans
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Ros
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Bodegas
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Luis Montuenga
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Faissner A, Reinhard J. The extracellular matrix compartment of neural stem and glial progenitor cells. Glia 2015; 63:1330-49. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Germany
| | - Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Germany
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Orak U, Celik E, Kavak SB, Demirel İ, Atilgan R, Aydin S, Sapmaz E. Tenascin C levels in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:270-3. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.998191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Orak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
| | - Ebru Celik
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Special Medical Park Hospital, Elazig, Turkey,
| | - Salih Burcin Kavak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
| | | | - Remzi Atilgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sapmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat Medical Center, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey,
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Mammary cancer stem cells reinitiation assessment at the metastatic niche: the lung and bone. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1293:221-9. [PMID: 26040691 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2519-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mammary cancer stem cells (MCSC) have been operationally defined as cells that re-form secondary tumors upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Building on this observation, it has also been suggested that MCSCs are responsible for metastasis as well as evasion and resistance to therapeutic treatments. MCSC reinitiating potential is usually tested by implantation of limited amounts of cells orthotopically or subcutaneously, yet this poorly recapitulates the metastatic niche where truly metastatic reinitiation will occur. Herein, we describe the implantation of small amounts of MCSC selected populations in the bone (intra tibiae injection) and the lung (intra thoracic injection) to test for their metastatic reinitiation capabilities.
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Nie S, Gurrea M, Zhu J, Thakolwiboon S, Heth JA, Muraszko KM, Fan X, Lubman DM. Tenascin-C: a novel candidate marker for cancer stem cells in glioblastoma identified by tissue microarrays. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:814-22. [PMID: 25469866 PMCID: PMC4320683 DOI: 10.1021/pr5008653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma
multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor,
with dismal survival outcomes. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs)
have been demonstrated to play a role in therapeutic resistance and
are considered to be the most likely cause of cancer relapse. The
identification of CSCs is an important step toward finding new and
effective ways to treat GBM. Tenascin-C (TNC) protein has been identified
as a potential marker for CSCs in gliomas based on previous work.
Here, we have investigated the expression of TNC in tissue microarrays
including 17 GBMs, 18 WHO grade III astrocytomas, 15 WHO grade II
astrocytomas, 4 WHO grade I astrocytomas, and 7 normal brain tissue
samples by immunohistochemical staining. TNC expression was found
to be highly associated with the grade of astrocytoma. It has a high
expression level in most of the grade III astrocytomas and GBMs analyzed
and a very low expression in most grade II astrocytomas, whereas it
is undetectable in grade I astrocytomas and normal brain tissues.
Double-immunofluorescence staining for TNC and CD133 in GBM tissues
revealed that there was a high overlap between theses two positive
populations. The results were further confirmed by flow cytometry
analysis of TNC and CD133 in GBM-derived stem-like neurospheres in
vitro. A limiting dilution assay demonstrated that the sphere formation
ability of CD133+/TNC+ and CD133–/TNC+ cell populations is much higher than that of the
CD133+/TNC– and CD133–/TNC– populations. These results suggest that TNC
is not only a potential prognostic marker for GBM but also a potential
marker for glioma CSCs, where the TNC+ population is identified
as a CSC population overlapping with part of the CD133– cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Nie
- Department of Surgery, ‡Department of Neurosurgery, §Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Roll L, Faissner A. Influence of the extracellular matrix on endogenous and transplanted stem cells after brain damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:219. [PMID: 25191223 PMCID: PMC4137450 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regeneration capacity of the adult central nervous system (CNS) requires strategies to improve recovery of patients. In this context, the interaction of endogenous as well as transplanted stem cells with their environment is crucial. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms could help to improve regeneration by targeted manipulation. In the course of reactive gliosis, astrocytes upregulate Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and start, in many cases, to proliferate. Beside GFAP, subpopulations of these astroglial cells coexpress neural progenitor markers like Nestin. Although cells express these markers, the proportion of cells that eventually give rise to neurons is limited in many cases in vivo compared to the situation in vitro. In the first section, we present the characteristics of endogenous progenitor-like cells and discuss the differences in their neurogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. As the environment plays an important role for survival, proliferation, migration, and other processes, the second section of the review describes changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network that contains numerous signaling molecules. It appears that signals in the damaged CNS lead to an activation and de-differentiation of astrocytes, but do not effectively promote neuronal differentiation of these cells. Factors that influence stem cells during development are upregulated in the damaged brain as part of an environment resembling a stem cell niche. We give a general description of the ECM composition, with focus on stem cell-associated factors like the glycoprotein Tenascin-C (TN-C). Stem cell transplantation is considered as potential treatment strategy. Interaction of transplanted stem cells with the host environment is critical for the outcome of stem cell-based therapies. Possible mechanisms involving the ECM by which transplanted stem cells might improve recovery are discussed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Roll
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany ; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany ; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Metastasis is powered by disseminated cancer cells that re-create a full-fledged tumor in unwelcoming tissues, away from the primary site. How cancer cells moving from a tumor into the circulation manage to infiltrate distant organs and initiate metastatic growth is of interest to cancer biologists and clinical oncologists alike. Recent findings have started to define the sources, phenotypic properties, hosting niches, and signaling pathways that support the survival, self-renewal, dormancy, and reactivation of cancer cells that initiate metastasis: metastatic stem cells. By dissecting the biology of this process, vulnerabilities are being exposed that could be exploited to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thordur Oskarsson
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Theocharidis U, Long K, ffrench-Constant C, Faissner A. Regulation of the neural stem cell compartment by extracellular matrix constituents. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:3-28. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Schreiber J, Schachner M, Schumacher U, Lorke DE. Extracellular matrix alterations, accelerated leukocyte infiltration and enhanced axonal sprouting after spinal cord hemisection in tenascin-C-deficient mice. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:865-78. [PMID: 23701962 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C has been implicated in wound repair and axonal growth. Its role in mammalian spinal cord injury is largely unknown. In vitro it can be both neurite-outgrowth promoting and repellent. To assess its effects on glial reactions, extracellular matrix formation, and axonal regrowth/sprouting in vivo, 20 tenascin-C-deficient and 20 wild type control mice underwent lumbar spinal cord hemisection. One, three, seven and fourteen days post-surgery, cryostat sections of the spinal cord were examined by conventional histology and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against F4/80 (microglia/macrophage), GFAP (astroglia), neurofilament, fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV. Fibronectin immunoreactivity was significantly down-regulated in tenascin-C-deficient mice. Moreover, fourteen days after injury, immunodensity of neurofilament-positive fibers was two orders of magnitude higher along the incision edges of tenascin-C-deficient mice as compared to control mice. In addition, lymphocyte infiltration was seen two days earlier in tenascin-C-deficient mice than in control mice and neutrophil infiltration was increased seven days after injury. The increase in thin neurofilament positive fibers in tenascin-C-deficient mice indicates that lack of tenascin-C alters the inflammatory reaction and extracellular matrix composition in a way that penetration of axonal fibers into spinal cord scar tissue may be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Schreiber
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Brösicke N, van Landeghem FKH, Scheffler B, Faissner A. Tenascin-C is expressed by human glioma in vivo and shows a strong association with tumor blood vessels. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:409-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nakatsu MN, Vartanyan L, Vu DM, Ng MY, Li X, Deng SX. Preferential biological processes in the human limbus by differential gene profiling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61833. [PMID: 23630617 PMCID: PMC3632514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelial stem cells or limbal stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for the maintenance of the corneal epithelium in humans. The exact location of LSCs is still under debate, but the increasing need for identifying the biological processes in the limbus, where LSCs are located, is of great importance in the regulation of LSCs. In our current study we identified 146 preferentially expressed genes in the human limbus in direct comparison to that in the cornea and conjunctiva. The expression of newly identified limbal transcripts endomucin, fibromodulin, paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) and axin-2 were validated using qRT-PCR. Further protein analysis on the newly identified limbal transcripts showed protein localization of PITX2 in the basal and suprabasal layer of the limbal epithelium and very low expression in the cornea and conjunctiva. Two other limbal transcripts, frizzled-7 and tenascin-C, were expressed in the basal epithelial layer of the limbus. Gene ontology and network analysis of the overexpressed limbal genes revealed cell-cell adhesion, Wnt and TGF-β/BMP signaling components among other developmental processes in the limbus. These results could aid in a better understanding of the regulatory elements in the LSC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N. Nakatsu
- Cornea Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lily Vartanyan
- Cornea Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Vu
- Cornea Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Madelena Y. Ng
- Cornea Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sophie X. Deng
- Cornea Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Oka K, Morokuma M, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Sawa Y, Isokawa K, Honda MJ. Cellular turnover in epithelial rests of Malassez in the periodontal ligament of the mouse molar. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:484-94. [PMID: 23167464 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fragments of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath persist in the periodontal ligament (PDL) in small clusters known as epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM). It is generally agreed that ERM are maintained as a quiescent and exclusively dental epithelial cluster in PDL. However, we speculate that homeostasis and cellular turnover underlies cluster maintenance. We also hypothesize that the fate of ERM clusters - diminishing or remaining - might be regulated via the presence or absence of epithelial stem cells therein. Histological analysis of aging mouse molar PDL showed that ERM clusters gradually increase in size with increasing age. Immunocytochemistry and cell culture revealed that ERM clusters contained Ki67-positive cells and were able to expand when brought in culture. The TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) procedure also detected signs of apoptosis. Finally, we identified putative epithelial stem cells in the clusters by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse-chase experiments and immunohistochemistry, using the stem-cell marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5). The results suggest that ERM clusters are maintained in the PDL, via cellular turnover, throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oka
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Tenascins are large glycoproteins found in embryonic and adult extracellular matrices. Of the four family members, two have been shown to be overexpressed in the microenvironment of solid tumours: tenascin-C and tenascin-W. The regular presence of these proteins in tumours suggests a role in tumourigenesis, which has been investigated intensively for tenascin-C and recently for tenascin-W as well. In this review, we follow a malignant cell starting from its birth through its potential metastatic journey and describe how tenascin-C and tenascin-W contribute to these successive steps of tumourigenesis. We consider the importance of the mechanical aspect in tenascin signalling. Furthermore, we discuss studies describing tenascin-C as an important component of stem cell niches and present examples reporting its role in cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Brellier
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
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Golledge J, Clancy P, Maguire J, Lincz L, Koblar S. The role of tenascin C in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:19-28. [PMID: 21712412 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein tenascin C (TnC) is expressed in a variety of embryonic tissues, but its expression in adult arteries is co-incident with sites of vascular disease. TnC expression has been linked to the development and complications of intimal hyperplasia, pulmonary artery hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. This review identifies the growing collection of evidence linking TnC with cardiovascular disease development. The transient upregulation of this extracellular matrix protein at sites of vascular disease could provide a means to target TnC in the development of diagnostics and new therapies. Studies in TnC-deficient mice have implicated this protein in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Further animal and human studies are required to thoroughly assess the role of TnC in some of the other pathologies it has been linked with, such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension. Large population studies are also warranted to clarify the diagnostic value of this extracellular matrix protein in cardiovascular disease, for example by targeting its expression using radiolabelled antibodies or measuring circulating concentrations of TnC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
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Oskarsson T, Acharyya S, Zhang XHF, Vanharanta S, Tavazoie SF, Morris PG, Downey RJ, Manova-Todorova K, Brogi E, Massagué J. Breast cancer cells produce tenascin C as a metastatic niche component to colonize the lungs. Nat Med 2011; 17:867-74. [PMID: 21706029 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report that breast cancer cells that infiltrate the lungs support their own metastasis-initiating ability by expressing tenascin C (TNC). We find that the expression of TNC, an extracellular matrix protein of stem cell niches, is associated with the aggressiveness of pulmonary metastasis. Cancer cell-derived TNC promotes the survival and outgrowth of pulmonary micrometastases. TNC enhances the expression of stem cell signaling components, musashi homolog 1 (MSI1) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5). MSI1 is a positive regulator of NOTCH signaling, whereas LGR5 is a target gene of the WNT pathway. TNC modulation of stem cell signaling occurs without affecting the expression of transcriptional enforcers of the stem cell phenotype and pluripotency, namely nanog homeobox (NANOG), POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1), also known as OCT4, and SRY-box 2 (SOX2). TNC protects MSI1-dependent NOTCH signaling from inhibition by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), and selectively enhances the expression of LGR5 as a WNT target gene. Cancer cell-derived TNC remains essential for metastasis outgrowth until the tumor stroma takes over as a source of TNC. These findings link TNC to pathways that support the fitness of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells and highlight the relevance of TNC as an extracellular matrix component of the metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thordur Oskarsson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Sellheyer K. Basal cell carcinoma: cell of origin, cancer stem cell hypothesis and stem cell markers. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:696-711. [PMID: 21128907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have recently been described in several high-grade neoplasms. It is still unclear if they also occur in cutaneous malignancies. Cancer stem cells are not identical with somatic stem cells. The presence of tumour stem cells in a neoplasm does not in itself equal that the tumour derives from a somatic stem cell. A cell originally lacking stem cell characteristics could also acquire those features during the course of carcinogenesis and then becomes the clonal founder cell of a tumour. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. A plethora of various stem cell markers has been applied to study its cellular origin. Intriguingly, the anatomical origin of BCC is still uncertain. This review will discuss the various stem cell markers used in BCC and the cellular origin of this tumour, and touches briefly on the possibility of cancer stem cells in BCC. If BCC or other skin cancers harbour tumour stem cells, these cells could be specifically targeted, making use of specific cell surface molecules such as receptor proteins. Novel drugs directed against those receptor proteins could replace currently available shotgun approaches including imiquimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sellheyer
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Pezzolo A, Parodi F, Marimpietri D, Raffaghello L, Cocco C, Pistorio A, Mosconi M, Gambini C, Cilli M, Deaglio S, Malavasi F, Pistoia V. Oct-4+/Tenascin C+ neuroblastoma cells serve as progenitors of tumor-derived endothelial cells. Cell Res 2011; 21:1470-86. [PMID: 21403679 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB)-associated endothelial microvessels (EMs) may be lined by tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs), that are genetically unstable and chemoresistant. Here we have addressed the identification of TEC progenitors in NB by focusing on Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) as a putative marker. Oct-4(+) cells were detected in primary NB samples (n = 23), metastatic bone marrow aspirates (n = 10), NB cell lines (n = 4), and orthotopic tumors (n = 10) formed by the HTLA-230 NB cell line in immunodeficient mice. Most Oct-4(+) cells showed a perivascular distribution, with 5% of them homing in perinecrotic areas. All Oct-4(+) cells were tumor-derived since they shared amplification of MYCN oncogene with malignant cells. Perivascular Oct-4(+) cells expressed stem cell-related, neural progenitor-related and NB-related markers, including surface Tenascin C (TNC), that was absent from perinecrotic Oct-4(+) cells and bulk tumor cells. TNC(+) but not TNC(-) HTLA-230 cells differentiated in vitro into endothelial-like cells expressing vascular-endothelial-cadherin, prostate-specific membrane antigen and CD31 upon culture in medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TNC(+) but not TNC(-) HTLA-230 cells formed neurospheres when cultured in serum-free medium. Both cell fractions were tumorigenic, but only tumors formed by TNC(+) cells contained EMs lined by TECs. In conclusion, we have identified in NB tumors two putative niches containing Oct-4(+) tumor cells. Oct-4(+)/TNC(+) perivascular NB cells displayed a high degree of plasticity and served as progenitors of TECs. Therapeutic targeting of Oct4(+)/TNC(+) progenitors may counteract the contribution of NB-derived ECs to tumor relapse and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova-Quarto, Italy.
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Barros CS, Franco SJ, Müller U. Extracellular matrix: functions in the nervous system. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:a005108. [PMID: 21123393 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An astonishing number of extracellular matrix glycoproteins are expressed in dynamic patterns in the developing and adult nervous system. Neural stem cells, neurons, and glia express receptors that mediate interactions with specific extracellular matrix molecules. Functional studies in vitro and genetic studies in mice have provided evidence that the extracellular matrix affects virtually all aspects of nervous system development and function. Here we will summarize recent findings that have shed light on the specific functions of defined extracellular matrix molecules on such diverse processes as neural stem cell differentiation, neuronal migration, the formation of axonal tracts, and the maturation and function of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Barros
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Vorotnikova E, McIntosh D, Dewilde A, Zhang J, Reing JE, Zhang L, Cordero K, Bedelbaeva K, Gourevitch D, Heber-Katz E, Badylak SF, Braunhut SJ. Extracellular matrix-derived products modulate endothelial and progenitor cell migration and proliferation in vitro and stimulate regenerative healing in vivo. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:690-700. [PMID: 20797438 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most adult mammals heal without restorative replacement of lost tissue and instead form scar tissue at an injury site. One exception is the adult MRL/MpJ mouse that can regenerate ear and cardiac tissue after wounding with little evidence of scar tissue formation. Following production of a MRL mouse ear hole, 2mm in diameter, a structure rapidly forms at the injury site that resembles the amphibian blastema at a limb amputation site during limb regeneration. We have isolated MRL blastemal cells (MRL-B) from this structure and adapted them to culture. We demonstrate by RT-PCR that even after continuous culturing of these cells they maintain expression of several progenitor cell markers, including DLK (Pref-1), and Msx-1. We have isolated the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by these MRL-B cells using a new non-proteolytic method and studied the biological activities of this cell-free ECM. Multiplex microELISA analysis of MRL-B cell-free ECM vs. cells revealed selective enrichment of growth factors such as bFGF, HGF and KGF in the matrix compartment. The cell-free ECM, degraded by mild enzyme treatment, was active in promoting migration and proliferation of progenitor cells in vitro and accelerating wound closure in a mouse full thickness cutaneous wound assay in vivo. In vivo, a single application of MRL-B cell matrix-derived products to full thickness cutaneous wounds in non-regenerative mice, B6, induced re-growth of pigmented hair, dermis and epidermis at the wound site whereas scar tissue replaced these tissues at wound sites in mice treated with vehicle alone. These studies suggest that matrix-derived products can stimulate regenerative healing and avert scar tissue formation in adult mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Vorotnikova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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He J, Liu Y, Xie X, Zhu T, Soules M, DiMeco F, Vescovi AL, Fan X, Lubman DM. Identification of cell surface glycoprotein markers for glioblastoma-derived stem-like cells using a lectin microarray and LC-MS/MS approach. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2565-72. [PMID: 20235609 DOI: 10.1021/pr100012p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in the treatment of glioblastoma, more than 95% of patients suffering from this disease still die within 2 years. Recent findings support the belief that cancer stem-like cells are responsible for tumor formation and ongoing growth. Here a method combining lectin microarray and LC-MS/MS was used to discover the cell surface glycoprotein markers of a glioblastoma-derived stem-like cell line. Lectin microarray analysis of cell surface glycans showed that two galactose-specific lectins Trichosanthes kirilowii agglutinin (TKA) and Peanut agglutinin (PNA) could distinguish the stem-like glioblastoma neurosphere culture from a traditional adherent glioblastoma cell line. Agarose-bound TKA and PNA were used to capture the glycoproteins from the two cell cultures, which were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The glycoproteins were quantified by spectral counting, resulting in the identification of 12 and 11 potential glycoprotein markers from the TKA and PNA captured fractions respectively. Almost all of these proteins were membrane proteins. Differential expression was verified by Western blotting analysis of 6 interesting proteins, including the up-regulated Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta, Tenascin-C, Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2, Podocalyxin-like protein 1 and CD90, and the down-regulated CD44. An improved understanding of these proteins may be important for earlier diagnosis and better therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang He
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Glypican-1, phosphacan/receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase-ζ/β and its ligand, tenascin-C, are expressed by neural stem cells and neural cells derived from embryonic stem cells. ASN Neuro 2010; 2:e00039. [PMID: 20689858 PMCID: PMC2914431 DOI: 10.1042/an20100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1, the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
phosphacan/RPTP (receptor protein-tyrosine
phosphatase)-ζ/β and the extracellular matrix protein
tenascin-C were all found to be expressed by neural stem cells and by neural
cells derived from them. Expression of proteoglycans and tenascin-C increased
after retinoic acid induction of SSEA1-positive ES (embryonic stem) cells to
nestin-positive neural stem cells, and after neural differentiation,
proteoglycans and tenascin-C are expressed by both neurons and astrocytes, where
they surround cell bodies and processes and in certain cases show distinctive
expression patterns. With the exception of tenascin-C (whose expression may
decrease somewhat), expression levels do not change noticeably during the
following 2 weeks in culture. The significant expression, by neural stem cells
and neurons and astrocytes derived from them, of two major heparan sulfate and
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of nervous tissue and of tenascin-C, a
high-affinity ligand of phosphacan/RPTP-ζ/β, indicates
that an understanding of their specific functional roles in stem cell
neurobiology will be important for the therapeutic application of this new
technology in facilitating nervous tissue repair and regeneration.
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Abstract
Throughout adult life, the epidermis and the hair follicle undergo a perpetual cycle of growth, regression and rest. Stem cells in the epidermis not only ensure the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis and hair regeneration, but also contribute to repair of the epidermis after injury. These stem cells lie within specific niches in the hair follicle and the epidermis. The availability of monoclonal antibodies that can be used on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue has greatly facilitated the use of this methodology as an adjunct to uncovering stem cell niches. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the potential markers available to identify and study stem cells in an effort to providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of skin diseases including disorders of hair loss and malignancies. The potential uses of these markers in prognosis and in expanding the therapeutic options in several disorders will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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