1
|
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate/Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Alterations in Clinical High Risk and First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Preliminary 7-T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415846. [PMID: 36555487 PMCID: PMC9781166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that an imbalance between excitation and inhibition is present in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia (SCZ). Gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) and, to a lesser extent, glutamate (Glu) abnormalities were reported in the DLPFC of SCZ patients, especially on the right hemisphere, by post-mortem studies. However, in vivo evidence of GABA, Glu, and Glu/GABA DLPFC abnormalities, particularly on the right side and the early stages of illness, is limited. In this preliminary study, we utilized 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to investigate bilateral Glu/Creatine (Cre), GABA/Cre, and Glu/GABA in the DLPFC of sixteen first episode schizophrenia (FES), seventeen clinical high risk (CHR), and twenty-six healthy comparison (HC) subjects. FES and CHR had abnormal GABA/Cre and Glu/GABA in the right DLPFC (rDLPFC) compared with HC participants, while no differences were observed in the left DLPFC (lDLPFC) among the three groups. Furthermore, HC had higher Glu/GABA in rDLPFC compared to lDLPFC (R > L), whereas the opposite relationship (R < L) was observed in the DLPFC Glu/GABA of FES patients. Altogether, these findings indicate that GABA/Cre and Glu/GABA DLPFC alterations are present before illness manifestation and worsen in FES patients, thus representing a putative early pathophysiological biomarker for SCZ and related psychotic disorders.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei W, Yi X, Wu Z, Ruan J, Luo H, Duan X. Acute improvement in the attention network with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:7958-7966. [PMID: 34787046 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of two weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the attention network in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty PD patients were randomly divided into equal-sized active- and sham-rTMS groups. Executive function was assessed by neuropsychological tests including the Trail-Making Test (TMT), word fluency test, digit span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop test. The attention network was evaluated by the attention network test (ANT). rTMS (5 Hz) was applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the active-rTMS group, and the sham-rTMS group underwent sham stimulation, both for two weeks. All tests were performed before and after rTMS. RESULTS After active rTMS, nonparametric analysis revealed significant improvements in categories completed (CC) (p < 0.001) in the WCST and reaction times (RTs) in part 3 (p = 0.002) and the Stroop interference effect (SIE) (p < 0.001) in the Stroop test. Regarding the ANT, the RTs of the executive control network were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). There was no significant change after sham rTMS. CONCLUSIONS In the short term, in PD patients, rTMS improved the executive control network involved in resolving conflicting information. However, it showed milder effects on neuropsychological test outcomes assessing executive function, which may involve different neuromechanisms.Implications for rehabilitationCognitive impairment is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and it is related to functional disability and reduced quality of life.Attention is a main component of the cognitive system, and attention deficits are responsible for disability.This study demonstrates that rTMS is beneficial for cognitive rehabilitation in PD, as patients showed improved performance on the attention network test and neuropsychological tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Zexiu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghai Ruan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prentice JL, Schaeffer MJ, Wall AK, Callahan BL. A Systematic Review and Comparison of Neurocognitive Features of Late-Life Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Dementia With Lewy Bodies. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:466-481. [PMID: 32762393 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720944251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share many cognitive and noncognitive similarities. The overlapping features between both disorders complicate differential diagnosis. The aim of the current systematic review was to compare patterns of neuropsychological profiles in older adults with ADHD and DLB. METHOD Of the 1989 ADHD-related articles and 1332 DLB-related articles screened, 3 ADHD and 25 DLB articles were retained for qualitative synthesis and review. RESULTS A synthesis of individual study findings revealed isolated working memory deficits for late-life ADHD, and performance deficits in areas of attention, memory, language, and visuoperceptual abilities for DLB. Results were limited by small samples and absence of data in some cognitive domains. CONCLUSION These initial findings support potentially unique neurocognitive profiles for ADHD in later life and DLB that would enable practitioners to differentially diagnose and appropriately treat older adults presenting with these phenotypically similar disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra K Wall
- Department of Psychology, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brandy L Callahan
- Department of Psychology, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wired to Punish? Electroencephalographic Study of the Resting-state Neuronal Oscillations Underlying Third-party Punishment. Neuroscience 2021; 471:1-10. [PMID: 34302905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For over a decade, neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies have investigated neural mechanisms of third-party punishment, a key instrument for social norms enforcement. However, the neural dynamics underlying these mechanisms are still unclear. Previous electroencephalographic studies on third-party punishment have shown that inter-brain connectivity is linked to punishment behavior. However, no clear evidence was provided regarding whether the effect of inter-brain connectivity on third-party punishment is mediated by local neuronal states. In this study, we further investigate whether resting-state neuronal activity in the alpha frequency range can predict individual differences in third-party punishment. More specifically, we show that the global resting-state connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal and right temporo-parietal regions is negatively correlated with the level of third-party punishment. Additionally, individuals with stronger local resting-state long-range temporal correlations in the right temporo-parietal cortices demonstrated a lower level of third-party punishment. Thus, our results further support the idea that global and local neuronal dynamics can contribute to individual differences in third-party punishment.
Collapse
|
5
|
The effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on executive functioning in healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:122-147. [PMID: 33503477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in the effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on executive functioning. However, there is no comprehensive overview of its effects on different executive functioning domains in healthy individuals. Here, we assessed the state of the field by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation (i.e. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation) over prefrontal regions on tasks assessing working memory, inhibition, flexibility, planning and initiation performance. Our search yielded 63 studies (n = 1537), and the effectiveness of excitatory and inhibitory non-invasive brain stimulation were assessed per executive functioning task. Our analyses showed that excitatory non-invasive brain stimulation had a small but positive effect on Stop Signal Task and Go/No-Go Task performance, and that inhibitory stimulation had a small negative effect on Flanker Task performance. Non-invasive brain stimulation did not affect performance on working memory and flexibility tasks, and effects on planning tasks were inconclusive.
Collapse
|
6
|
The Characteristics of Cognitive Impairment in ALS Patients Depend on the Lateralization of Motor Damage. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090650. [PMID: 32961718 PMCID: PMC7563934 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cognitive features of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have never been specifically analyzed according to the lateralization of motor impairment. In the present study we investigated the cognitive performances of ALS patients to describe the relationship between motor and cognitive dysfunction, according to site and side of disease onset. (2) Methods: Six-hundred and nine ALS patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation at diagnosis in Turin ALS Centre Tests included—mini-mental state examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), trail-making test A/B (TMT A-B), digit span forward and backward (digit span FW/digit span BW), letter fluency test (FAS), category fluency test (CAT), Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Babcock story recall test (BSRT), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCFT), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), Raven’s coloured progressive matrices (CPM47). Cognitive performances of patients, grouped by side and site of onset, were statistically compared using z-scores, as appropriate. (3) Results: Bulbar patients and bilateral spinal onset patients (Sbil) were generally characterized by lower cognitive performances in most neuropsychological tests, when compared to patients with lateralized onset (right-side spinal onset, Sri and left-side spinal onset, Sle). Digit span backward and visual memory task (ROCFT) median z-scores were significantly higher, reflecting a better cognitive performance, in Sri patients when compared to bulbar/Sbil patients, while verbal memory tasks (RAVLT and BRST) resulted in significantly higher scores in Sle patients. Our results are in keeping with hemispheric functional lateralization of language and visuospatial abilities. (4) Conclusions: In ALS patients, as in other neurodegenerative diseases, we found a direct relationship between lateralized motor and cognitive features.
Collapse
|
7
|
Forcione M, Chiarelli AM, Perpetuini D, Davies DJ, O’Halloran P, Hacker D, Merla A, Belli A. Tomographic Task-Related Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Acute Sport-Related Concussion: An Observational Case Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6273. [PMID: 32872557 PMCID: PMC7503954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Making decisions regarding return-to-play after sport-related concussion (SRC) based on resolution of symptoms alone can expose contact-sport athletes to further injury before their recovery is complete. Task-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) could be used to scan for abnormalities in the brain activation patterns of SRC athletes and help clinicians to manage their return-to-play. This study aims to show a proof of concept of mapping brain activation, using tomographic task-related fNIRS, as part of the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients. A high-density frequency-domain optical device was used to scan 2 SRC patients, within 72 h from injury, during the execution of 3 neurocognitive tests used in clinical practice. The optical data were resolved into a tomographic reconstruction of the brain functional activation pattern, using diffuse optical tomography. Moreover, brain activity was inferred using single-subject statistical analyses. The advantages and limitations of the introduction of this optical technique into the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Forcione
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre (NIHR-SRMRC), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.J.D.); (A.B.)
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Antonio Maria Chiarelli
- Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - David Perpetuini
- Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - David James Davies
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre (NIHR-SRMRC), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.J.D.); (A.B.)
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Patrick O’Halloran
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - David Hacker
- Clinical Neuropsychology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK;
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Belli
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre (NIHR-SRMRC), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.J.D.); (A.B.)
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Güleken MD, Akbaş T, Erden SÇ, Akansel V, Al ZC, Özer ÖA. The effect of bilateral high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive functions in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2020; 22:100183. [PMID: 32714846 PMCID: PMC7371913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2020.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite their major effects on positive symptoms, antipsychotics do not have a significant effect on cognition in schizophrenia Bilateral high frequency rTMS targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortices has been effective on working memory Bilateral 20 Hz rTMS improved attention and verbal working memory in schizophrenia patients, It also improved the competence of switching the perceptional set up under a disruptive effect towards new instructions, in this study
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Diyaddin Güleken
- Department of Psychiatry, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Taner Akbaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selime Çelik Erden
- Department of Psychiatry, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Akansel
- Department of Psychiatry, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Cengiz Al
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Cevdet Aykan Psychiatry Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ömer Akil Özer
- Department of Psychiatry, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dion C, Arias F, Amini S, Davis R, Penney D, Libon DJ, Price CC. Cognitive Correlates of Digital Clock Drawing Metrics in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:73-83. [PMID: 32250300 PMCID: PMC7217723 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A digital version of the clock drawing test (dCDT) provides new latency and graphomotor behavioral measurements. These variables have yet to be validated with external neuropsychological domains in non-demented adults. OBJECTIVE The current investigation reports on cognitive constructs associated with selected dCDT latency and graphomotor variables and compares performances between individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-MCI peers. METHODS 202 non-demented older adults (age 68.79 ± 6.18, 46% female, education years 16.02 ± 2.70) completed the dCDT and a comprehensive neuropsychological protocol. dCDT variables of interest included: total completion time (TCT), pre-first hand latency (PFHL), post-clock face latency (PCFL), and clock face area (CFA). We also explored variables of percent time drawing (i.e., 'ink time') versus percent time not drawing (i.e., 'think time'). Neuropsychological domains of interest included processing speed, working memory, language, and declarative memory. RESULTS Adjusting for age and premorbid cognitive reserve metrics, command TCT positively correlated with multiple cognitive domains; PFHL and PCFL negatively associated with worse performance on working memory and processing speed tests. For Copy, TCT, PCFL, and PFHL negatively correlated with processing speed, and CFA negatively correlated with language. Between-group analyses show MCI participants generated slower command TCT, produced smaller CFA, and required more command 'think' (% Think) than 'ink' (% Ink) time. CONCLUSION Command dCDT variables of interest were primarily processing speed and working memory dependent. MCI participants showed dCDT differences relative to non-MCI peers, suggesting the dCDT may assist with classification. Results document cognitive construct validation to digital metrics of clock drawing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dion
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Franchesca Arias
- Aging Brain Center at Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawna Amini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Randall Davis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dana Penney
- Department of Neurology, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - David J. Libon
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Catherine C. Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bilgel M, Koscik RL, An Y, Prince JL, Resnick SM, Johnson SC, Jedynak BM. Temporal Order of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Cognitive Marker Changes in BLSA and WRAP Longitudinal Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:1335-1347. [PMID: 28731452 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the temporal trajectories of currently used neuropsychological tests is critical to identifying earliest changing measures on the path to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used the Progression Score (PS) method to characterize the temporal trajectories of measures of verbal memory, executive function, attention, processing speed, language, and mental status using data spanning normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and AD from 1,661 participants with a total of 7,839 visits (age at last visit 77.6 SD 9.2) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and 1510 participants with a total of 3,473 visits (age at last visit 59.5 SD 7.4) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP). This method aligns individuals in time based on the similarity of their longitudinal measurements to reveal temporal trajectories. As a validation of our methodology, we explored the associations between the individualized cognitive progression scores (Cog-PS) computed by our method and clinical diagnosis. Digit span tests were the first to show declines in both data sets, and were detected mainly among cognitively normal individuals. These were followed by tests of verbal memory, which were in turn followed by Trail Making Tests, Boston Naming Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Differences in Cog-PS across the clinical diagnosis and APOEɛ4 groups were statistically significant, highlighting the potential use of Cog-PS as individualized indicators of disease progression. Identifying cognitive measures that are changing in preclinical AD can lead to the development of novel cognitive tests that are finely tuned to detecting earliest changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca L Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, USA, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerry L Prince
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, USA, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruno M Jedynak
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Viejo-Sobera R, Redolar-Ripoll D, Boixadós M, Palaus M, Valero-Cabré A, Marron EM. Impact of Prefrontal Theta Burst Stimulation on Clinical Neuropsychological Tasks. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:462. [PMID: 28867993 PMCID: PMC5563370 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocols hold high promise in neuropsychological rehabilitation. Nevertheless, their ability to either decrease (continuous, cTBS) or increase (intermittent, iTBS) cortical excitability in areas other than the primary motor cortex, and their consistency modulating human behaviors with clinically relevant tasks remain to be fully established. The behavioral effects of TBS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are particularly interesting given its involvement in working memory (WM) and executive functions (EF), often impaired following frontal brain damage. We aimed to explore the ability of cTBS and iTBS to modulate WM and EF in healthy individuals, assessed with clinical neuropsychological tests (Digits Backward, 3-back task, Stroop Test, and Tower of Hanoi). To this end, 36 participants were assessed using the four tests 1 week prior to stimulation and immediately following a single session of either cTBS, iTBS, or sham TBS, delivered to the left dlPFC. No significant differences were found across stimulation conditions in any of the clinical tasks. Nonetheless, in some of them, active stimulation induced significant pre/post performance modulations, which were not found for the sham condition. More specifically, sham stimulation yielded improvements in the 3-back task and the Color, Color-Word, and Interference Score of the Stroop Test, an effect likely caused by task practice. Both, iTBS and cTBS, produced improvements in Digits Backward and impairments in 3-back task accuracy. Moreover, iTBS increased Interference Score in the Stroop Test in spite of the improved word reading and impaired color naming, whereas cTBS decreased the time required to complete the Tower of Hanoi. Differing from TBS outcomes reported for cortico-spinal measures on the primary motor cortex, our analyses did not reveal any of the expected performance differences across stimulation protocols. However, if one considers independently pre/post differences for each individual outcome measure and task, either one or both of the active protocols appeared to modulate WM and EF. We critically discuss the value, potential explanations, and some plausible interpretations for this set of subtle impacts of left dlPFC TBS in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Viejo-Sobera
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain.,Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, United States
| | - Diego Redolar-Ripoll
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boixadós
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Palaus
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Valero-Cabré
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain.,Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1127 and UPMCParis, France.,Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Boston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
| | - Elena M Marron
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baltruschat L, Hasselhorn M, Tarbox J, Dixon DR, Najdowski A, Mullins RD, Gould E. The Effects of Multiple Exemplar Training on a Working Memory Task Involving Sequential Responding in Children With Autism. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03395820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Ni HC, Hung J, Wu CT, Wu YY, Chang CJ, Chen RS, Huang YZ. The Impact of Single Session Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus on Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:255. [PMID: 28536500 PMCID: PMC5423353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, was applied over the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to explore its impact in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among 25 adults with ASD, 19 (mean age: 20.8 years) completed the randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trial. Every participant received iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC, bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control stimulation) in a randomized order with a 1-week interval. Neuropsychological functions were assessed using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Behavioral outcomes were measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). In comparison to that in the sham stimulation, the reaction time in the CCPT significantly decreased following single DLPFC session (p = 0.04, effect size = 0.71) while there were no significant differences in the CCPT and WCST following single pSTS session. Besides, the results in behavioral outcomes were inconsistent and had discrepancy between reports of parents and patients. In conclusion, a single session of iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC may alter the neuropsychological function in adults with ASD. The impacts of multiple-sessions iTBS over the DLPFC or pSTS deserve further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouLinkou, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - June Hung
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouLinkou, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Services Center for Health Information, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan.,Medical School, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Correlation of Visuospatial Ability and EEG Slowing in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2017; 2017:3659784. [PMID: 28348918 PMCID: PMC5350347 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3659784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background. Visuospatial dysfunction is among the first cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is often predictive for PD-dementia. Furthermore, cognitive status in PD-patients correlates with quantitative EEG. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the correlation between EEG slowing and visuospatial ability in nondemented PD-patients. Methods. Fifty-seven nondemented PD-patients (17 females/40 males) were evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and a high-resolution 256-channel EEG was recorded. A median split was performed for each cognitive test dividing the patients sample into either a normal or lower performance group. The electrodes were split into five areas: frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital. A linear mixed effects model (LME) was used for correlational analyses and to control for confounding factors. Results. Subsequently, for the lower performance, LME analysis showed a significant positive correlation between ROCF score and parietal alpha/theta ratio (b = .59, p = .012) and occipital alpha/theta ratio (b = 0.50, p = .030). No correlations were found in the group of patients with normal visuospatial abilities. Conclusion. We conclude that a reduction of the parietal alpha/theta ratio is related to visuospatial impairments in PD-patients. These findings indicate that visuospatial impairment in PD-patients could be influenced by parietal dysfunction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yordanova YN, Duffau H, Herbet G. Neural pathways subserving face-based mentalizing. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3087-3105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Combining brain stimulation and video game to promote long-term transfer of learning and cognitive enhancement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22003. [PMID: 26902664 PMCID: PMC4763231 DOI: 10.1038/srep22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive training offers the potential for individualised learning, prevention of cognitive decline, and rehabilitation. However, key research challenges include ecological validity (training design), transfer of learning and long-term effects. Given that cognitive training and neuromodulation affect neuroplasticity, their combination could promote greater, synergistic effects. We investigated whether combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with cognitive training could further enhance cognitive performance compared to training alone, and promote transfer within a short period of time. Healthy adults received real or sham tDCS over their dorsolateral prefrontal cortices during two 30-minute mathematics training sessions involving body movements. To examine the role of training, an active control group received tDCS during a non-mathematical task. Those who received real tDCS performed significantly better in the game than the sham group, and showed transfer effects to working memory, a related but non-numerical cognitive domain. This transfer effect was absent in active and sham control groups. Furthermore, training gains were more pronounced amongst those with lower baseline cognitive abilities, suggesting the potential for reducing cognitive inequalities. All effects associated with real tDCS remained 2 months post-training. Our study demonstrates the potential benefit of this approach for long-term enhancement of human learning and cognition.
Collapse
|
17
|
Collaer ML, Hindmarsh PC, Pasterski V, Fane BA, Hines M. Reduced short term memory in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and its relationship to spatial and quantitative performance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:164-73. [PMID: 26677764 PMCID: PMC4771018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Girls and women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) experience elevated androgens prenatally and show increased male-typical development for certain behaviors. Further, individuals with CAH receive glucocorticoid (GC) treatment postnatally, and this GC treatment could have negative cognitive consequences. We investigated two alternative hypotheses, that: (a) early androgen exposure in females with CAH masculinizes (improves) spatial perception and quantitative abilities at which males typically outperform females, or (b) CAH is associated with performance decrements in these domains, perhaps due to reduced short-term-memory (STM). Adolescent and adult individuals with CAH (40 female and 29 male) were compared with relative controls (29 female and 30 male) on spatial perception and quantitative abilities as well as on Digit Span (DS) to assess STM and on Vocabulary to assess general intelligence. Females with CAH did not perform better (more male-typical) on spatial perception or quantitative abilities than control females, failing to support the hypothesis of cognitive masculinization. Rather, in the sample as a whole individuals with CAH scored lower on spatial perception (p ≤ .009), a quantitative composite (p ≤ .036), and DS (p ≤ .001), despite no differences in general intelligence. Separate analyses of adolescent and adult participants suggested the spatial and quantitative effects might be present only in adult patients with CAH; however, reduced DS performance was found in patients with CAH regardless of age group. Separate regression analyses showed that DS predicted both spatial perception and quantitative performance (both p ≤ .001), when age, sex, and diagnosis status were controlled. Thus, reduced STM in CAH patients versus controls may have more general cognitive consequences, potentially reducing spatial perception and quantitative skills. Although hyponatremia or other aspects of salt-wasting crises or additional hormone abnormalities cannot be ruled out as potential contributors, elevated GCs appear to be the most likely contributor to reductions in STM. Additional efforts to monitor GC administration protocols may help achieve optimal cognitive outcomes. Educational intervention for individuals with CAH might also be useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L Collaer
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
| | - Peter C Hindmarsh
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
| | | | - Briony A Fane
- Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK.
| | - Melissa Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stuart S, Lord S, Hill E, Rochester L. Gait in Parkinson's disease: A visuo-cognitive challenge. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 62:76-88. [PMID: 26773722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vision and cognition have both been related to gait impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) through separate strands of research. The cumulative and interactive effect of both (which we term visuo-cognition) has not been previously investigated and little is known about the influence of cognition on vision with respect to gait. Understanding the role of vision, cognition and visuo-cognition in gait in PD is critical for data interpretation and to infer and test underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this comprehensive narrative review was to examine the interdependent and interactive role of cognition and vision in gait in PD and older adults. Evidence from a broad range of research disciplines was reviewed and summarised. A key finding was that attention appears to play a pivotal role in mediating gait, cognition and vision, and should be considered emphatically in future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stuart
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Lord
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grant H, Bhambhani Y, Singhal A. Hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex during working memory in essential hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
20
|
Berger M, Nadler JW, Browndyke J, Terrando N, Ponnusamy V, Cohen HJ, Whitson HE, Mathew JP. Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Minding the Gaps in Our Knowledge of a Common Postoperative Complication in the Elderly. Anesthesiol Clin 2015; 33:517-50. [PMID: 26315636 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. There is much interest in and controversy about POCD, reflected partly in the increasing number of articles published on POCD recently. Recent work suggests surgery may also be associated with cognitive improvement in some patients, termed postoperative cognitive improvement (POCI). As the number of surgeries performed worldwide approaches 250 million per year, optimizing postoperative cognitive function and preventing/treating POCD are major public health issues. In this article, we review the literature on POCD and POCI, and discuss current research challenges in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Jacob W Nadler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey Browndyke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Niccolo Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vikram Ponnusamy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Harvey Jay Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Heather E Whitson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke South, Orange Zone, Room 4317, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roth L, Kaffenberger T, Herwig U, Brühl AB. Brain activation associated with pride and shame. Neuropsychobiology 2014; 69:95-106. [PMID: 24577108 DOI: 10.1159/000358090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-referential emotions such as shame/guilt and pride provide evaluative information about persons themselves. In addition to emotional aspects, social and self-referential processes play a role in self-referential emotions. Prior studies have rather focused on comparing self-referential and other-referential processes of one valence, triggered mostly by external stimuli. In the current study, we aimed at investigating the valence-specific neural correlates of shame/guilt and pride, evoked by the remembrance of a corresponding autobiographical event during functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHOD A total of 25 healthy volunteers were studied. The task comprised a negative (shame/guilt), a positive (pride) and a neutral condition (expecting the distractor). Each condition was initiated by a simple cue, followed by the remembrance and finished by a distracting picture. RESULTS Pride and shame/guilt conditions both activated typical emotion-processing circuits including the amygdala, insula and ventral striatum, as well as self-referential brain regions such as the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Comparing the two emotional conditions, emotion-processing circuits were more activated by pride than by shame, possibly due to either hedonic experiences or stronger involvement of the participants in positive self-referential emotions due to a self-positivity bias. However, the ventral striatum was similarly activated by pride and shame/guilt. In the whole-brain analysis, both self-referential emotion conditions activated medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions, corresponding to the self-referential aspect and the autobiographical evocation of the respective emotions. CONCLUSION Autobiographically evoked self-referential emotions activated basic emotional as well as self-referential circuits. Except for the ventral striatum, emotional circuits were more active with pride than with shame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Koppel J, Sunday S, Goldberg TE, Davies P, Christen E, Greenwald BS. Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease is associated with frontal metabolic impairment and accelerated decline in working memory: findings from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:698-707. [PMID: 23672944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An ascendant body of evidence suggests that Alzheimer disease with psychosis (AD+P) is a distinct variant of illness with its own genetic diathesis and a unique clinical course. Impaired frontal lobe function has been previously implicated in AD+P. The current exploratory study, presented in two parts, evaluates both the regional brain metabolic and psychometric correlates of psychosis in a longitudinal sample of subjects with AD, made available by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). METHODS In Part 1 of the study, 21 ADNI participants with AD who developed psychotic symptoms during the study but were not psychotic at baseline were matched with 21 participants with AD who never became psychotic during the study period, and mean brain [F(18)]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl) by regions of interest (ROIs) were compared Additionally, 39 participants with active psychosis at the time of image acquisition were matched with 39 participants who were never psychotic during the study period, and mean brain FDG-PET CMRgl by sROI were compared. In Part 2 of the study, 354 ADNI participants with AD who were followed for 24 months with serial psychometric testing were identified, and cognitive performance and decline were evaluated for correlation with psychotic symptoms. RESULTS Part 1: There were no regional brain metabolic differences between those with AD destined to become psychotic and those who did not become psychotic. There was a significant reduction in mean orbitofrontal brain metabolism in those with active psychosis. Part 2: Over the course of study follow-up, psychosis was associated with accelerated decline in functional performance as measured by the Functional Assessment Questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and Forward Digit Span. CONCLUSION In a sample drawn from the ADNI dataset, our exploratory FDG-PET findings and longitudinal cognitive outcomes support the hypofrontality model of AD+P. Focal frontal vulnerability may mediate the accelerated decline seen in AD+P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Koppel
- Litwin Zucker Alzheimer's Research Center, Manhasset, NY.
| | - Suzanne Sunday
- Litwin Zucker Alzheimer's Research Center, Manhasset, NY
| | | | - Peter Davies
- Litwin Zucker Alzheimer's Research Center, Manhasset, NY
| | - Erica Christen
- Litwin Zucker Alzheimer's Research Center, Manhasset, NY
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rabinowitz I, Lavner Y. Association between finger tapping, attention, memory, and cognitive diagnosis in elderly patients. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 119:259-78. [PMID: 25153754 DOI: 10.2466/10.22.pms.119c12z3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between spontaneous finger tapping and cognitive function, with a detailed analysis of the two main phases of finger tapping, the touch-phase and the off-phase. 170 elderly patients (83 men, 87 women; M age = 82.1 yr., SD = 6.2) underwent cognitive assessment including the Mini-Mental State Examination, a forward digit span test, and 15 sec. of finger tapping. Results indicated a significant increase in the length and variability of the finger-touch phase among participants with mild cognitive impairment or dementia compared to participants with no cognitive impairment, suggesting a relationship between finger tapping and attention, short-term memory, and cognitive diagnosis. Pattern classification analyses on the finger tapping parameters indicated a specificity of 0.91 and sensitivity of 0.52 for ruling out cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Rabinowitz
- 1 Clalit Health Services, Geriatric Assessment Unit Haifa and Western Galilee District, Haifa, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
There is some debate surrounding the cognitive resources underlying backward digit recall. Some researchers consider it to differ from forward digit recall due to the involvement of executive control, while others suggest that backward recall involves visuospatial resources. Five experiments therefore investigated the role of executive-attentional and visuospatial resources in both forward and backward digit recall. In the first, participants completed visuospatial 0-back and 2-back tasks during the encoding of information to be remembered. The concurrent tasks did not differentially disrupt performance on backward digit recall, relative to forward digit recall. Experiment 2 shifted concurrent load to the recall phase instead and, in this case, revealed a larger effect of both tasks on backward recall, relative to forwards recall, suggesting that backward recall may draw on additional resources during the recall phase and that these resources are visuospatial in nature. Experiments 3 and 4 then further investigated the role of visual processes in forward and backward recall using dynamic visual noise (DVN). In Experiment 3, DVN was presented during encoding of information to be remembered and had no effect upon performance. However, in Experiment 4, it was presented during the recall phase, and the results provided evidence of a role for visual imagery in backward digit recall. These results were replicated in Experiment 5, in which the same list length was used for forward and backward recall tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cognitive effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with neurodegenerative diseases - clinician's perspective. J Neurol Sci 2014; 339:15-25. [PMID: 24530170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) represents a promising tool for studying and influencing cognition in people with neurodegenerative diseases. This procedure is noninvasive and painless, and it does not require the use of anesthesia or pharmacological substances. In this systematic critical review we report outcomes from research focused on behavioral cognitive effects induced by rTMS in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) preceding AD. There are still major limitations to rTMS use, such as a poor understanding of its after-effects and inter-individual variability in their magnitude, discrepancies in stimulation protocols and study designs, varied selection of the specific stimulated areas and control procedures, and neuropsychological methods for assessment of after-effects; hence, the results of the present research can only be considered preliminary. The future directions are discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang G, Yao L, Zhang H, Long Z, Zhao X. Improved working memory performance through self-regulation of dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex activation using real-time fMRI. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73735. [PMID: 24013130 PMCID: PMC3754924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is important for a wide range of high-level cognitive activities. Previous studies have shown that the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a critical role in working memory and that behavioral training of working memory can alter the activity of DLPFC. However, it is unclear whether the activation in the DLPFC can be self-regulated and whether any self-regulation can affect working memory behavior. The recently emerged real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) technique enables the individuals to acquire self-control of localized brain activation, potentially inducing desirable behavioral changes. In the present study, we employed the rtfMRI technique to train subjects to up-regulate the activation in the left DLPFC, which is linked to verbal working memory. After two rtfMRI training sessions, activation in the left DLPFC was significantly increased, whereas the control group that received sham feedback did not show any increase in DLPFC activation. Pre- and post-training behavioral tests indicated that performance of the digit span and letter memory task was significantly improved in the experimental group. Between-group comparison of behavioral changes showed that the increase of digit span in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group. These findings provide preliminary evidence that working memory performance can be improved through learned regulation of activation in associated brain regions using rtfMRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Long
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Self-efficacy and short-term memory capacity as predictors of proportional reasoning. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Brüne M, Scheele D, Heinisch C, Tas C, Wischniewski J, Güntürkün O. Empathy moderates the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on costly punishment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44747. [PMID: 23028601 PMCID: PMC3441456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans incur considerable costs to punish unfairness directed towards themselves or others. Recent studies using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) suggest that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is causally involved in such strategic decisions. Presently, two partly divergent hypotheses are discussed, suggesting either that the right DLPFC is necessary to control selfish motives by implementing culturally transmitted social norms, or is involved in suppressing emotion-driven prepotent responses to perceived unfairness. Accordingly, we studied the role of the DLPFC in costly (i.e. third party) punishment by applying rTMS to the left and right DLPFC before playing a Dictator Game with the option to punish observed unfair behavior (DG-P). In addition, sham stimulation took place. Individual differences in empathy were assessed with the German version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Costly punishment increased (non-significantly) upon disruption of the right--but not the left--DLPFC as compared to sham stimulation. However, empathy emerged as a highly significant moderator variable of the effect of rTMS over the right, but not left, DLPFC, suggesting that the right DLPFC is involved in controlling prepotent emotional responses to observed unfairness, depending on individual differences in empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brüne
- Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Landschaftsverband Westfalen Lippe University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haffen E, Chopard G, Pretalli JB, Magnin E, Nicolier M, Monnin J, Galmiche J, Rumbach L, Pazart L, Sechter D, Vandel P. A case report of daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an adjunctive treatment for Alzheimer disease. Brain Stimul 2012; 5:264-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
30
|
Groiss SJ, Netz J, Lange HW, Buetefisch CM. Frequency dependent effects of rTMS on motor and cognitive functions in Huntington’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Gullick MM, Sprute LA, Temple E. Individual differences in working memory, nonverbal IQ, and mathematics achievement and brain mechanisms associated with symbolic and nonsymbolic number processing. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Heinisch C, Dinse HR, Tegenthoff M, Juckel G, Brüne M. An rTMS study into self-face recognition using video-morphing technique. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2011; 6:442-9. [PMID: 20587597 PMCID: PMC3150855 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-face recognition is a sign of higher order self-awareness. Research into the neuronal network argues that the visual pathway of recognizing one's own face differs from recognizing others. The present study aimed at investigating the cortical network of self-other discrimination by producing virtual lesions over the temporo-parietal junction and the prefrontal cortex using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in a sham-controlled design. Frontal and parietal areas were stimulated separately in consecutive sessions one week apart in 10 healthy subjects. We designed a video-task comprising morphings of famous, unfamiliar and the subjects' own faces that transformed into each other over a time period of six seconds. Reaction time (RT) was measured by pushing a mouse-button once a change of identity was recognized. rTMS over the right temporo-parietal junction led to a decrease in RT when a subject's own face emerged from a familiar face; a similar effect was observed after rTMS over right-prefrontal and left-parietal cortices, when the subjects' ratings of own likeability were taken into account. The transition from an unfamiliar face to one's own face indicated a left frontal lateralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Heinisch
- Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Department of Theoretical Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Germany
| | - Hubert R. Dinse
- Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Department of Theoretical Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Germany
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Department of Theoretical Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Department of Theoretical Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Department of Theoretical Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Intelligence can be defined as a general mental ability for reasoning, problem solving, and learning. Because of its general nature, intelligence integrates cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, language, or planning. On the basis of this definition, intelligence can be reliably measured by standardized tests with obtained scores predicting several broad social outcomes such as educational achievement, job performance, health, and longevity. A detailed understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying this general mental ability could provide significant individual and societal benefits. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have generally supported a frontoparietal network relevant for intelligence. This same network has also been found to underlie cognitive functions related to perception, short-term memory storage, and language. The distributed nature of this network and its involvement in a wide range of cognitive functions fits well with the integrative nature of intelligence. A new key phase of research is beginning to investigate how functional networks relate to structural networks, with emphasis on how distributed brain areas communicate with each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Colom
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aricò D, Drago V, Foster PS, Heilman KM, Williamson J, Ferri R. Effects of NREM sleep instability on cognitive processing. Sleep Med 2010; 11:791-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
35
|
Krueger F, Landgraf S, van der Meer E, Deshpande G, Hu X. Effective connectivity of the multiplication network: a functional MRI and multivariate Granger Causality Mapping study. Hum Brain Mapp 2010; 32:1419-31. [PMID: 20715080 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental neuropsychology and functional neuroimaging evidence indicates that simple and complex mental calculation is subserved by a fronto-parietal network. However, the effective connectivity (connection direction and strength) among regions within the fronto-parietal network is still unexplored. Combining event-related fMRI and multivariate Granger Causality Mapping (GCM), we administered a multiplication verification task to healthy participants asking them to solve single and double-digit multiplications. The goals of our study were first, to identify the effective connectivity of the multiplication network, and second, to compare the effective connectivity patterns between a low and a high arithmetical competence (AC) group. The manipulation of multiplication difficulty revealed a fronto-parietal network encompassing bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), left pre-supplementary motor area (PreSMA), left precentral gyrus (PreCG), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The network was driven by an intraparietal IPS-IPS circuit hosting a representation of numerical quantity intertwined with a fronto-parietal DLPFC-IPS circuit engaged in temporary storage and updating of arithmetic operations. Both circuits received additional inputs from the PreCG and PreSMA playing more of a supportive role in mental calculation. The high AC group compared to the low AC group displayed a greater activation in the right IPS and based its calculation more on a feedback driven intraparietal IPS-IPS circuit, whereas the low competence group more on a feedback driven fronto-parietal DLPFC-IPS circuit. This study provides first evidence that multivariate GCM is a sensitive approach to investigate effective connectivity of mental processes involved in mental calculation and to compare group level performances for different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Krueger
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Baena E, Allen PA, Kaut KP, Hall RJ. On age differences in prefrontal function: The importance of emotional/cognitive integration. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:319-33. [PMID: 19786039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
37
|
Eddy CM, Rizzo R, Cavanna AE. Neuropsychological aspects of Tourette syndrome: a review. J Psychosom Res 2009; 67:503-13. [PMID: 19913655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is assumed to result from frontostriatal dysfunction, which would be expected to result in impairments in neuropsychological functions. This possibility has been explored in a number of studies that have assessed the performance of patients with TS within major cognitive domains and on tests involving executive functioning. We aim to summarize the main findings of these studies while evaluating the influence of task limitations and potentially critical confounding factors such as the presence of comorbidity. Although there is clearly a need for improved study design, we tentatively suggest that there is considerable evidence for cognitive impairment in a subgroup of patients, and that some difficulties seem to be intrinsic to TS. These impairments may reflect dysfunction of the anterior cingulate network within the frontostriatal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Eddy
- Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hoogendam JM, Ramakers GMJ, Di Lazzaro V. Physiology of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain. Brain Stimul 2009; 3:95-118. [PMID: 20633438 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has rapidly become a valuable method to investigate noninvasively the human brain. In addition, repetitive TMS (rTMS) is able to induce changes in brain activity that last after stimulation. Therefore, rTMS has therapeutic potential in patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders. It is, however, unclear by which mechanism rTMS induces these lasting effects on the brain. The effects of rTMS are often described as LTD- or LTP-like, because the duration of these alterations seems to implicate changes in synaptic plasticity. In this review we therefore discuss, based on rTMS experiments and knowledge about synaptic plasticity, whether the physiologic basis of rTMS-effects relates to changes in synaptic plasticity. We present seven lines of evidence that strongly suggest a link between the aftereffects induced by rTMS and the induction of synaptic plasticity. It is, nevertheless, important to realize that at present it is impossible to demonstrate a direct link between rTMS on the one hand and synaptic plasticity on the other. Therefore, we provide suggestions for future, innovating research, aiming to investigate both the local effects of rTMS on the synapse and the effects of rTMS on other, more global levels of brain organization. Only in that way can the aftereffects of rTMS on the brain be completely understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Hoogendam
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|