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Pesqué D, Aerts O, Bizjak M, Gonçalo M, Dugonik A, Simon D, Ljubojević-Hadzavdić S, Malinauskiene L, Wilkinson M, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Krecisz B, John SM, Balato A, Ayala F, Rustemeyer T, Giménez-Arnau AM. Differential diagnosis of contact dermatitis: A practical-approach review by the EADV Task Force on contact dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1704-1722. [PMID: 38713001 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of eczema ('dermatitis') is mostly clinical and depends on the clinical history and exploratory objective findings (primary lesions, patterns). Contact dermatitis remains as an important condition in the group of eczematous disorders, with important socioeconomic and occupational relevance. Although irritant and allergic contact dermatitis have a different pathogenesis, both are characterized by a rather typical morphology, are triggered by external factors and tend to occur primarily in the area of contact with the exogenous agent. In addition, allergic and irritant dermatitis may also co-exist. The importance of diagnosing contact dermatitis, especially when allergic in nature, is both due to the possibility of avoiding the trigger, and due to its role in aggravating other skin conditions. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of clinical presentations in daily practice may pose an important challenge for the suspicion and correct diagnosis of contact dermatitis. Furthermore, other conditions, with different pathogenesis and treatment, may clinically simulate contact dermatitis. The Task Force aims to conduct a review of the unifying clinical features of contact dermatitis and characterize its main clinical phenotypes, and its simulators, in order to contribute to an early suspicion or recognition of contact dermatitis and enable a correct differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pesqué
- Dermatology Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Aerts
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) and Research Group Immunology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mojca Bizjak
- Division of Allergy, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Department of Dermatology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Dugonik
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Suzana Ljubojević-Hadzavdić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Malinauskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Beata Krecisz
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Anna Balato
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Ayala
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Dermato-Allergology and Occupational Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Dermatology Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Houen G. Auto-immuno-deficiency syndromes. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103610. [PMID: 39209011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases constitute a broad, heterogenous group with many diverse and often overlapping symptoms. Even so, they are traditionally classified as either systemic, rheumatic diseases or organ-directed diseases. Several theories exist about autoimmune diseases, including defective self-recognition, altered self, molecular mimicry, bystander activation and epitope spreading. While there is no consensus about these theories, it is generally accepted that genetic, pre-disposing factors in combination with environmental factors can result in autoimmune disease. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors varies between diseases, as does the significance of individual contributing factors within related diseases. Among the genetic factors, molecules involved in antigen (Ag) recognition, processing, and presentation stand out (e.g., MHC I and II) together with molecules involved in immune signaling and regulation of cellular interactions (i.e., immuno-phenotypes). Also, various immuno-deficiencies have been linked to development of autoimmune diseases. Among the environmental factors, infections (e.g., viruses) have attracted most attention, but factors modulating the immune system have also been the subject of much research (e.g., sunlight and vitamin D). Multiple sclerosis currently stands out due to a very strong and proven association with Epstein-Barr virus infection, notably in cases of late infection and in cases of EBV-associated mononucleosis. Thus, a common picture is emerging that both systemic and organ-directed autoimmune diseases may appropriately be described as auto-immuno-deficiency syndromes (AIdeSs), a concept that emphasizes and integrates existing knowledge on the role of immuno-deficiencies and chronic infections with development of overlapping disease syndromes with variable frequencies of autoantibodies and/or autoreactive T cells. This review integrates and exemplifies current knowledge on the interplay of genetically determined immuno-phenotypes and chronic infections in the development of AIdeSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology and Translational Research Center (TRACE), Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
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3
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Lau M, Moshiri A, Khalil S, Siegel L. A rare case of late-onset amyloidosis cutis dyschromica. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 50:111-114. [PMID: 39100800 PMCID: PMC11295282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lau
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Ata Moshiri
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shadi Khalil
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Louis Siegel
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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4
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Essouma M. Autoimmune inflammatory myopathy biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117742. [PMID: 38176522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmune inflammatory myopathy disease spectrum, commonly known as myositis, is a group of systemic diseases that mainly affect the muscles, skin and lungs. Biomarker assessment helps in understanding disease mechanisms, allowing for the implementation of precise strategies in the classification, diagnosis, and management of these diseases. This review examines the pathogenic mechanisms and highlights current data on blood and tissue biomarkers of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Essouma
- Network of Immunity in Infections, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Cameroon
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5
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Irham LM, Adikusuma W, La’ah AS, Chong R, Septama AW, Angelina M. Leveraging Genomic and Bioinformatic Analysis to Enhance Drug Repositioning for Dermatomyositis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:890. [PMID: 37627776 PMCID: PMC10451728 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that is classified as a type of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, which affects human skin and muscles. The most common clinical symptoms of DM are muscle weakness, rash, and scaly skin. There is currently no cure for DM. Genetic factors are known to play a pivotal role in DM progression, but few have utilized this information geared toward drug discovery for the disease. Here, we exploited genomic variation associated with DM and integrated this with genomic and bioinformatic analyses to discover new drug candidates. We first integrated genome-wide association study (GWAS) and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) catalogs to identify disease-associated genomic variants. Biological risk genes for DM were prioritized using strict functional annotations, further identifying candidate drug targets based on druggable genes from databases. Overall, we analyzed 1239 variants associated with DM and obtained 43 drugs that overlapped with 13 target genes (JAK2, FCGR3B, CD4, CD3D, LCK, CD2, CD3E, FCGR3A, CD3G, IFNAR1, CD247, JAK1, IFNAR2). Six drugs clinically investigated for DM, as well as eight drugs under pre-clinical investigation, are candidate drugs that could be repositioned for DM. Further studies are necessary to validate potential biomarkers for novel DM therapeutics from our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Anita Silas La’ah
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Marissa Angelina
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
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6
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Afvari S, Beck TC, Kazlouskaya M, Afrahim R, Valdebran M. Diet, sleep, and exercise in inflammatory skin diseases. OUR DERMATOLOGY ONLINE 2023; 14:430-435. [PMID: 38161767 PMCID: PMC10755759 DOI: 10.7241/ourd.20234.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory skin conditions are significantly impacted by lifestyle habits, particularly those related to diet, exercise, and sleep. Although ancient cultures emphasized the importance of lifestyle behaviors as both etiology and therapy in disease, modern medicine often overlooks nonpharmacological therapy. However, recent studies show that diet can have a significant impact on inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and atopic dermatitis. Foods high in glycemic index, advanced glycation end-products, and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with obesity and systemic inflammation, which can exacerbate inflammatory skin diseases. In addition, lifestyle behaviors such as exercise and sleep have been shown to have positive effects on inflammatory skin diseases. This review aims to highlight the importance of lifestyle behaviors in the context of inflammation and inflammatory dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Afvari
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Tyler C. Beck
- Medical University of South Carolina, Medical Scientist Training Program, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ryan Afrahim
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Manuel Valdebran
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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7
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Valls ML, Kase AM, Patel R, Wang B, Aggarwal R, Colon-Otero G. Complete response to pembrolizumab in a patient with dermatomyositis and MMR deficient ovarian cancer: A case report. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 41:101010. [PMID: 35663849 PMCID: PMC9156981 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
•Immune checkpoint inhibitors can be safely administered to patients with dermatomyositis.•Immunosuppressants did not impact the efficacy of treatment with an immune check point inhibitor.•Patients with autoimmune disorders who require immune check point inhibitors should be monitored by a rheumatologist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin Wang
- Division of Rheumatology Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Division of Rheumatology. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn Wu
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Maria Karim
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
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9
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Bhardwaj M, Chiu MN, Pilkhwal Sah S. Adverse cutaneous toxicities by PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors: Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Surveillance. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2022; 41:73-90. [PMID: 35107396 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2022.2034842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction-The therapeutic use of humanized monoclonal programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (pembrolizumab, and nivolumab) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) (atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) as potent anticancer therapies is rapidly increasing. The mechanism of signaling of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 involves triggering cytotoxic CD4+/CD8 + T cell activation and subsequent abolition of cancer cells which induces specific immunologic adverse events that are specific to these therapies. These drugs can cause numerous cutaneous reactions and are characterized as the most frequent immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Majority of cutaneous irAEs range from nonspecific eruptions to detectible skin manifestations, which may be self-limiting and present acceptable skin toxicity profiles, while some may produce life-threatening complications.Objective-.This review aims to illuminate the associated cutaneous irAEs related to drugs used in oncology along with the relevant mechanism(s) and management.Areas covered-Literature was searched using various databases including Pub-Med, Google Scholar, and Medline. The search mainly involved research articles, retrospective studies, case reports, and clinicopathological findings. With this review article, an overview of the cutaneous irAEs with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, as well as suggestions, have been provided, so that their recognition at early stages could help in better management and would prevent treatment discontinuation.Article highlightsCutaneous adverse effects are the most prevalent immune-related adverse events induced by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint antibodies.Cutaneous toxicities mainly manifest in the form of maculopapular rash and pruritus.More specific cutaneous complications can also occur, including vitiligo, worsened psoriasis, lichenoid dermatitis, mucosal involvement (e.g., oral lichenoid reaction), dermatomyositis, lupus erythematosus.Cutaneous manifestations can be life-threatening including Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).Dermatologic toxicities are usually mild, readily manageable, and rarely result in significant morbidity.Adequate management of the cutaneous adverse event and recognition in early stages could lead to the prevention of worsening of the lesions and limit treatment disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitry Bhardwaj
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mei Nee Chiu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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10
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Maddukuri S, Patel J, Diaz DA, Chen KL, Wysocka M, Bax C, Li Y, Ravishankar A, Grinnell M, Zeidi M, Reddy N, Concha JSS, Bashir MM, Okawa J, White B, Werth VP. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) distribution in dermatomyositis skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in vivo effects of Lenabasum TM. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:12. [PMID: 34983619 PMCID: PMC8725283 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lenabasum is a cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) reverse agonist that demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro in dermatomyositis (DM) and is currently being investigated for therapeutic potential. The purpose of our study is to investigate CB2R distribution as well as the effects of lenabasum in DM. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) was utilized to examine immune cell and cytokine production changes in lesional DM skin biopsies from lenabasum and placebo-treated patients. CB2R expression in various immune cell populations within DM skin was investigated with image mass cytometry (IMC), whereas flow cytometry elucidated CB2R expression in DM peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as cytokine production by CB2R-expressing cell populations. Results After 12 weeks of lenabasum treatment, IHC staining showed that CD4+ T cells, CB2R, IL-31, IFN-γ, and IFN-β cytokines were downregulated. IFN-γ and IFN-β mRNA decreased in lesional DM skin but not in PBMCs. IMC findings revealed that CB2R was upregulated in DM lesional skin compared to HC skin and DM PBMCs (p<0.05). In DM skin, CB2R was upregulated on dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, and macrophages while dendritic cells had the greatest expression in both DM skin and PBMCs (p<0.05). These CB2R+ cells in the skin produce IL-31, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IFN-β. Conclusion Our findings of differential CB2R expression based on location and cell type suggest modes by which lenabasum may exert anti-inflammatory effects in DM and highlights dendritic cells as potential therapeutic targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02665-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Maddukuri
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - De Anna Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen L Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Wysocka
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Bax
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adarsh Ravishankar
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison Grinnell
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Majid Zeidi
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nithin Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Josef Symon S Concha
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muhammad M Bashir
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joyce Okawa
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Victoria P Werth
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Patel J, Ravishankar A, Maddukuri S, Vazquez T, Grinnell M, Werth VP. Highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry identifies similarities between antisynthetase syndrome and dermatomyositis skin lesions. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:882-891. [PMID: 34905301 PMCID: PMC9194682 DOI: 10.1002/art.42050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antisynthetase syndrome (AS) and Dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune disorders that overlap clinically. Given the presence of DM skin lesions in AS patients, there is debate about whether AS is distinct or a subclassification of DM. Recently studies identified differences in type I interferon (IFN) between AS and DM muscle and finger eruptions. The aim of this study is to elucidate cutaneous disease pathogenic similarities and differences on a single cell level. METHODS Five AS and seven DM patients were recruited from a prospectively collected database of well-characterized DM patients. AS patients were clinically confirmed with anti-synthetase syndrome by the Connors and Solomon et al. criteria and aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase antibodies. Immunophenotyping conducted using immunofluorescence (IF) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC). RESULTS IF revealed type I IFN upregulation in AS and DM compared to HC using MxA and IFNβ expression (p<0.05). IMC showed similar macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells in AS and DM with no differences in counts (p>0.05), but an increase in myeloid dendritic cell percentage in DM (p<0.05). Key type I IFN, cytokine, and JAK-STAT pathways were similarly expressed in AS and DM (p>0.05). At a single cell level, pSTING+ macrophages in AS expressed increased TNFα, IL17, and IFNβ (p<0.001). CONCLUSION IMC is a powerful tool that identifies a role for the type I IFN system in DM-like skin lesions of AS and DM with some differences at a cellular level, but overall significant overlap exists supporting similar therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Patel
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Adarsh Ravishankar
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Spandana Maddukuri
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Thomas Vazquez
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Madison Grinnell
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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12
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Patel J, Maddukuri S, Li Y, Bax C, Werth VP. Highly Multiplexed Mass Cytometry Identifies the Immunophenotype in the Skin of Dermatomyositis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2151-2160. [PMID: 33766508 PMCID: PMC8384654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare, systemic autoimmune disease that most frequently affects the skin, muscles, and lungs. The inflammatory infiltrate in the skin has not been fully characterized, and, in this study, we took a single-cell, unbiased approach using imaging mass cytometry. Substantial monocyte‒macrophage diversity was observed, with the CD14+ population correlating positively with Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index scores (P = 0.031). The T-cell compartment revealed CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and FOXP3+ T cells. Activated (CD69+) circulating memory T cells correlated positively with Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index scores (P = 0.0268). IFN-β protein was highly upregulated in the T-cell, macrophage, dendritic cell, and endothelial cell populations of DM skin. Myeloid dendritic cells expressed phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator‒activated receptor γ, phosphorylated IRF3, IL-4, and IL-31, and their quantity correlated with itch as measured in Skindex-29. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells colocalized with IFN-γ in addition to the known colocalization with IFN-β. Nuclear phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator‒activated receptor γ expression was found in the DM endothelium. Imaging mass cytometry allows us to characterize single cells in the immune cell population and identify upregulated cytokines and inflammatory pathways in DM. These findings have important implications for the development of future targeted therapies for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Patel
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Spandana Maddukuri
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yubin Li
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Bax
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Bandi S, Jain V, Jaiswal AK. Amyopathic dermatomyositis with diffuse lung disease. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3147-3150. [PMID: 32984188 PMCID: PMC7491809 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_106_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old woman presented with progressively increasing breathlessness, recurrent productive cough, and intermittent fever of 1 year duration. Examination revealed cutaneous eruptions on the dorsal aspects of the hands and on face. Histopathologic features of skin biopsy revealed acanthosis, hyperkeratosis with focal vacuolar alteration of the basal-cell layer, and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in upper dermis. CT scan showed diffuse lung disease and pulmonary function tests showed severe restrictive lung disease. There was no muscular involvement clinically or on electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging. She was diagnosed as a case of amyopathic dermatomyositis with diffuse lung disease and managed with topical and systemic steroid and topical sunscreen with fairly good response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeera Bandi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, HIMSR, Delhi, India
| | - Vidushi Jain
- Department of Dermatology, Dermalinks, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish K Jaiswal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine NIIMS, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dilemma in management of hemorrhagic myositis in dermatomyositis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 40:331-336. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Vyas NS, Charifa A, Desman GT, McNiff JM. Distinguishing pustular psoriasis and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis on the basis of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and MxA protein. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:317-326. [PMID: 30667074 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and pustular psoriasis (PS) can be challenging. Staining for plasmacytoid dendritic cells, or PDCs (producer of IFN-α/β), and MxA (an IFN-α/β inducible protein) may help discriminate these entities. METHODS Forty-three cases of AGEP and PS were compiled from two academic institutions. All cases were examined for CD123+ PDCs, eosinophils, acanthosis, papillomatosis, suprapapillary plate thinning, tortuous dilated capillaries, single necrotic keratinocytes, papillary dermal edema, vasculitis, eosinophil exocytosis, intraepidermal pustules, and subcorneal pustules. A subset of cases (n = 26) was stained for MxA. RESULTS Perivascular and intraepidermal PDCs, dilated tortuous vessels, and MxA expression in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate were significantly (P < 0.05) in favor of a diagnosis of PS. The absence of PDCs and presence of eosinophils favored a diagnosis of AGEP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found compelling evidence for the use of CD123 to highlight PDCs in these cases. The presence of PDCs and expression of MxA in dermal inflammatory infiltrate, as well as absence of eosinophils and presence of tortuous dilated capillaries favored a diagnosis of PS. Expression of MxA in the dermal infiltrate corresponds with a Th1 pathway in PS and may indicate a Th1 component in the early initial phase of AGEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki S Vyas
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ahmad Charifa
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Garrett T Desman
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Concha JSS, Merola JF, Fiorentino D, Werth VP. Re-examining mechanic's hands as a characteristic skin finding in dermatomyositis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:769-775.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pilch KS, Spaeth PJ, Yuki N, Wakerley BR. Therapeutic complement inhibition: a promising approach for treatment of neuroimmunological diseases. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:579-591. [PMID: 28092989 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1282821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmunity is an important cause of disease both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Aetiologies and clinical manifestations are complex and heterogeneous. Inappropriate control of complement activation at inappropriate sites has been recognized as a major determinant in several neurological conditions, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and neuromyelitis optica. In each case pathogenesis is thought to be associated with generation of autoantibodies which upon binding guide activation of the complement system to self-tissue. Areas covered: Modulation of the complement system activation at such sites may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions. In this review we focus on the therapeutic effects of complement inhibitors in Guillain-Barré syndrome and neuromyelitis optica and highlight recent developments within the field. Expert Commentary: Conventional first line treatment strategies in GBS and NMO have the potential disadvantage of causing widespread immunosuppressive effects. A more targeted approach may therefore be more effective and less disruptive to the immune system, especially in the case of NMO, which requires long term immunosuppression. Modulation of the complement system may hold the key and has already been shown to be of clinical benefit in other non-neurological conditions, including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and hereditary angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjara S Pilch
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University College London , UK
| | - Peter J Spaeth
- b University of Bern, Institute of Pharmacology , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Nobuhiro Yuki
- c Department of Neurology , University of Mishima , Niigata , Japan
| | - Benjamin R Wakerley
- d Department of Neurology , Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Gloucester , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Matsushita T, Mizumaki K, Kano M, Yagi N, Tennichi M, Takeuchi A, Okamoto Y, Hamaguchi Y, Murakami A, Hasegawa M, Kuwana M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K. Antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody level is a novel tool for monitoring disease activity in rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease with dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:395-402. [PMID: 27452897 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein (anti-MDA)5 antibodies are associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) or dermatomyositis (DM). OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the relevance of monitoring anti-MDA5 antibody levels for the management of RP-ILD in patients with CADM or DM. METHODS Twelve patients with CADM (n = 10) or DM (n = 2) accompanied by RP-ILD were included. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were recorded. Serial measurements of anti-MDA5 antibody levels were measured. All patients were treated with corticosteroids, tacrolimus and intravenous cyclophosphamide. RESULTS All patients achieved RP-ILD remission after combined immunosuppressive therapy for a mean of 6·8 months, with significant decreases noted in the mean anti-MDA5 antibody levels at remission. Six (50%) patients became anti-MDA5 antibody negative after therapy. After a mean follow-up of 31 months, RP-ILD relapse was observed in four (33%) patients in both the anti-MDA5 antibody sustained positive group and the negative conversion group. However, relapsed patients in the sustained positive group relapsed earlier than those in the negative conversion group. Thus, a decrease in anti-MDA5 antibody levels during remission was associated with longer remission. Relapses were associated with a reincrease of anti-MDA5 antibody levels in four of four (100%) patients. In contrast, none of the patients without reincrease in anti-MDA5 antibody exhibited symptoms of relapse during follow-up. Therefore, reincrease in anti-MDA5 antibody levels was associated with relapse. CONCLUSIONS The anti-MDA5 antibody level is a novel parameter for monitoring and a good predictor of RP-ILD relapse in patients with CADM or DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - K Mizumaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - M Kano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - N Yagi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - M Tennichi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - A Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Y Okamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Y Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - A Murakami
- Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nagoya, 460-0008, Japan
| | - M Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - M Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - K Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Akbaryan M, Darabi F, Soltani Z. Dermatomyositis Leading to Necrotizing Vasculitis: A Perfect Response to Applied Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE : IJBS 2016; 12:125-129. [PMID: 28190982 PMCID: PMC5267623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that cause skin and muscle complications. The ethiology is not understood well yet. Released cytokines including interferon and interleukins are suggested to make inflammatory responses in the skin or muscle. Muscle weakness and skin lesions including heliotrope rash, shawl sign and Gottron's papules are the most common symptoms. A biopsy (muscle or skin) is always the most reliable method for diagnosis. Corticosteroids in association with immunosuppressive agents are used as standard treatment. The patient was a 30 years old woman who got involved with dermatomyositis for 10 years. She has been under therapy with Methotrexate, Prednisolon and Azathioprine until she came to us suffering from progressive skin lesions. Experiments and examinations were normal except the lesions and detected lipoatrophy. Because of immune cells infiltration and observations necrotizing vasculitis was diagnosed. After three month of high dose prednisolon and intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy the lesions vanished remarkable. True and immediate diagnosis gives physicians the chance not only to assess the best treatment but have adequate time to apply the procedure. However shortening the therapy and diminishing morbidity of the disease need more investigations and efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Akbaryan
- Professor of Medicine, Rheumathology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Darabi
- Fellowship of Rheumatology, Rheumatologic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Fellowship of Rheumatology, Rheumatologic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Hornung T, Wenzel J. Innate immune-response mechanisms in dermatomyositis: an update on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Drugs 2015; 74:981-98. [PMID: 24939511 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease mainly affecting muscle and skin. Typical clinical and laboratory findings include muscle weakness with elevated muscle enzymes, characteristic skin lesions (e.g., Gottron papules, heliotrope erythema, Shawl sign), and specific serum autoantibodies. Recent studies have highlighted the activation of the innate immune system, including high expression of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-regulated proteins, as an important pathological hallmark of DM. These findings have changed our understanding of the disease fundamentally, since inappropriate activation of the innate immune system with secondary dysregulation of the adaptive immune response is now considered to be a central pathogenetic feature of DM. In this article, we review current guidelines and standards in diagnosis and treatment. We detail evidence-based and pathophysiology-based treatment strategies, with a focus on skin as well as on muscle lesions. Particularly, we discuss how the recent advances in the understanding of the pathomechanisms of DM have altered our conception of the mode of action of established drugs such as chloroquine and methotrexate. Finally, we outline possible future treatment strategies, with a focus on the innate immune system, e.g., targeting the IFN system with the anti-IFN-α antibody sifalimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hornung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
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What does global gene expression profiling tell us about the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014; 25:686-91. [PMID: 24061076 DOI: 10.1097/01.bor.0000434672.77891.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to review recent hypothesis-driven studies that utilize global gene expression data for elucidating the molecular basis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its various clinical manifestations. RECENT FINDINGS The longitudinal skin gene expression studies indicate that the previously identified molecular subsets are stable over time and might identify inherent subgroups of SSc patients. Skin transcript follow-up studies indicate that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in promotion of fibrogenesis in fibroblasts and preadipocytes. Furthermore, the transcript profile of sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease (sclGVHD) mice resembles the skin transcriptomes of a subgroup of SSc patientswith IL13/IL4-inducible skin signature wherein the profibrotic chemokine CCL2 plays a key role. The comparison of skin biopsies from SSc patients to skin lesions of patients with cutaneous lupus and dermatomyositis has provided valuable information about the interferon (IFN) signature in these autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, plasma IFN-inducible chemokines correlate with the IFN gene expression score in SSc patients, enabling researchers to examine this molecular signature in large SSc cohorts with serum or plasma collection. SUMMARY Global gene expression profiling in skin and peripheral blood can contribute to a better understanding of SSc pathogenesis and identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Abenavoli L, Proietti I, Zaccone V, Gasbarrini G, Addolorato G. Celiac disease: from gluten to skin. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 5:789-800. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ost DE, Jim Yeung SC, Tanoue LT, Gould MK. Clinical and organizational factors in the initial evaluation of patients with lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2013; 143:e121S-e141S. [PMID: 23649435 PMCID: PMC4694609 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This guideline is intended to provide an evidence-based approach to the initial evaluation of patients with known or suspected lung cancer. It also includes an assessment of the impact of timeliness of care and multidisciplinary teams on outcome. METHODS The applicable current medical literature was identified by a computerized search and evaluated using standardized methods. Recommendations were framed using the approach described by the Guidelines Oversight Committee of the American College of Chest Physicians. Data sources included MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. RESULTS Initial evaluation should include a thorough history and physical examination; CT imaging; pulmonary function tests; and hemoglobin, electrolyte, liver function, and calcium levels. Additional testing for distant metastases and paraneoplastic syndromes should be determined on the basis of these results. Paraneoplastic syndromes may have an adverse impact on cancer treatment, so they should be controlled rapidly with the goal of proceeding with definitive cancer treatment in a timely manner. Although the relationship between timeliness of care and survival is difficult to quantify, efforts to deliver timely care are reasonable and should be balanced with the need to attend to other dimensions of health-care quality (eg, safety, effectiveness, efficiency, equality, consistency with patient values and preferences). Quality care will require multiple disciplines. Although it is difficult to assess the impact, we suggest that a multidisciplinary team approach to care be used, particularly for patients requiring multimodality therapy. CONCLUSIONS The initial evaluation of patients with lung cancer should include a thorough history and physical examination, pulmonary function tests, CT imaging, basic laboratory tests, and selective testing for distant metastases and paraneoplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ost
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX.
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX; Department of Endocrine, Neoplasia & Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Lynn T Tanoue
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael K Gould
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
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Wong D, Kea B, Pesich R, Higgs BW, Zhu W, Brown P, Yao Y, Fiorentino D. Interferon and biologic signatures in dermatomyositis skin: specificity and heterogeneity across diseases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29161. [PMID: 22235269 PMCID: PMC3250414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects the skin, muscle, and lung. The pathogenesis of skin inflammation in DM is not well understood. Methodology and Findings We analyzed genome-wide expression data in DM skin and compared them to those from healthy controls. We observed a robust upregulation of interferon (IFN)-inducible genes in DM skin, as well as several other gene modules pertaining to inflammation, complement activation, and epidermal activation and differentiation. The interferon (IFN)-inducible genes within the DM signature were present not only in DM and lupus, but also cutaneous herpes simplex-2 infection and to a lesser degree, psoriasis. This IFN signature was absent or weakly present in atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, acne vulgaris, systemic sclerosis, and localized scleroderma/morphea. We observed that the IFN signature in DM skin appears to be more closely related to type I than type II IFN based on in vitro IFN stimulation expression signatures. However, quantitation of IFN mRNAs in DM skin shows that the majority of known type I IFNs, as well as IFN g, are overexpressed in DM skin. In addition, both IFN-beta and IFN-gamma (but not other type I IFN) transcript levels were highly correlated with the degree of the in vivo IFN transcriptional response in DM skin. Conclusions and Significance As in the blood and muscle, DM skin is characterized by an overwhelming presence of an IFN signature, although it is difficult to conclusively define this response as type I or type II. Understanding the significance of the IFN signature in this wide array of inflammatory diseases will be furthered by identification of the nature of the cells that both produce and respond to IFN, as well as which IFN subtype is biologically active in each diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wong
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Bory Kea
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rob Pesich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon W. Higgs
- MedImmune, Translational Sciences, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhu
- MedImmune, Translational Sciences, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yihong Yao
- MedImmune, Translational Sciences, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Fiorentino
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Paraneoplastic syndromes occur commonly in patients with lung cancer, especially cancers of neuroendocrine origin. The syndromes can be the first clinical manifestation of malignant disease or a harbinger of cancer recurrence. To update the knowledge that would facilitate the care of lung cancer patients with paraneoplastic syndromes, this review focuses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and current management of the more common and clinically relevant syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS Certain combinations of clinical signs and symptoms (endocrine, neurologic, immunologic, dermatologic, metabolic, constitutional, and hematologic) are associated with lung carcinoma as a manifestation of the secretion of cytokines and hormones by these cells or as an associated immunologic response. These syndromes can be categorized by common causative mechanisms: hormonal syndromes, autoimmune syndromes, and other syndromes of less clear cause. Recent advances in medical technology have allowed better understanding of these syndromes and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools. SUMMARY Increased awareness of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer should lead to the earlier recognition and diagnosis of malignancies, thereby improving the overall prognosis of patients and alleviating associated comorbidities. Despite the recent advances in recognizing and treating paraneoplastic syndromes, many questions remain to be answered.
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Kim JS, Werth VP. Identification of specific chondroitin sulfate species in cutaneous autoimmune disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:780-90. [PMID: 21804080 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411411304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis (DM) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin with accumulated dermal mucin. Earlier work has shown chondroitin sulfate (CS) accumulation within the dermis of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), and DM lesions compared with control skin. Immunohistochemistry for C4S revealed a greater density in DLE and DM lesions, whereas SCLE lesions did not differ from controls. Scleredema and scleromyxedema are attributed to increased hyaluronic acid, and lesional samples from these diseases also demonstrated accumulated dermal C4S. Interferon-γ and interleukin-1α, but not interferon-α, treatment of cultured dermal fibroblasts induced mRNA expression of CHST-11, which attaches sulfates to the 4-position of unsulfated chondroitin. These studies on possible CS core proteins revealed that serglycin, known to have C6S side chains in endothelial cells, had greater density within DM dermal endothelia but not in DLE or SCLE, following the pattern of C6S overexpression reported previously. CD44 variants expand the CS binding repertoire of the glycoprotein; CD44v7 co-localized to the distribution of C4S in DLE lesions, a finding not observed in DM, SCLE lesions, or controls. Because C4S and C6S have immunologic effects, their dysregulation in cutaneous mucinoses may contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Kim
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a potential therapeutic target in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Neurol 2011; 258:961-70. [PMID: 21253756 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-5907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), has been implicated in many aspects of immune system development, immune response regulation, and T cell-mediated tissue injury. TNFα plays a less well-defined role in the pathogenesis of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) group of disorders, and has been considered a potential therapeutic target. Observational studies of TNFα-blockade in (mostly refractory) IIM have yielded inconsistent beneficial results so that administration of these biological agents is presently deemed an unreliable alternative treatment strategy. Moreover, anti-TNFα therapy has the rare potential to trigger myositis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, hinting at a pre-existing "overlap disorder". The full potential of TNFα-antagonism will be realized only if randomized controlled trials ascertain appropriate treatment regimens and identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit from such therapy.
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Krennmair G, Seemann R, Piehslinger E. Dental implants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: clinical outcome and peri-implant findings. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:928-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kim SJ, Han TR, Jeong SJ, Beom JW. Comparison between swallowing-related and limb muscle involvement in dermatomyositis patients. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 39:336-40. [PMID: 20476862 DOI: 10.3109/03009740903555366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between the movement of the hyolaryngeal complex and the motor power of limb muscles and the differences in the hyolaryngeal movement according to the creatine kinase (CK) levels in dermatomyositis patients. METHOD We retrospectively selected 13 patients who had undergone a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) for swallowing difficulty from patients diagnosed with dermatomyositis. The maximal anterior and superior displacements of the hyoid and larynx and the cricopharyngeal opening were acquired by frame-by-frame analysis using the VFSS. We investigated the motor power of the bilateral shoulder abductor, elbow flexor, hip flexor, and knee extensor muscles to determine the limb muscle involvement and used the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) National Outcomes Measurement System (NOMS) swallowing level (ASHA level) to assess dysphagia severity. Spearman's correlation test was used to identify the relationship between the kinematic data of the laryngeal structures, ASHA levels, and the total motor scores in dermatomyositis patients. RESULTS There was no significant correlation between the kinematic data of the laryngeal structures, ASHA levels, and total motor scores. Only the anterior movements of the hyoid and larynx had a significant relationship to the upper oesophageal sphincter opening. CONCLUSION Dysphagia evaluation should be considered separately in dermatomyositis patients irrespective of limb involvement or dysphagia severity because the swallowing-related muscle involvement had no relationship to the limb muscle involvement or the severity of dysphagia in dermatomyositis. It is hoped that our results can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of dysphagia management in dermatomyositis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, JongRo-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Chong BF, Dantzer P, Germeroth T, Hafner M, Wilson AJ, Xiao G, Wong HK. Induced Sézary syndrome PBMCs poorly express immune response genes up-regulated in stimulated memory T cells. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 60:8-20. [PMID: 20801618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctions in memory T cells contribute to various inflammatory autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. We hypothesize that investigating the differences of genetic profiles between resting and activated naïve and memory T cells may provide insight into the characterization of abnormal memory T cells in diseases, such as Sézary syndrome (SS), a neoplasm composed of CD4(+) CD45RO(+) cells. OBJECTIVE We determined genes distinctively expressed between resting and activated naive and memory cells. Levels of up-regulated genes in resting and activated memory cells were measured in SS PBMCs, which were largely comprised of CD4(+) CD45RO(+) cells, to quantitatively assess how different Sézary cells were from memory cells. METHODS We compared gene expression profiles using high-density oligo-microarrays between resting and activated naïve and memory CD4(+) T cells. Differentially expressed genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Levels of genes up-regulated in activated and resting memory T cells were determined in SS PBMCs by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Activated memory cells expressed greater numbers of immune-mediated genes involved in effector function compared to naïve cells in our microarray analysis and qRT-PCR. Nine out of 14 genes with enhanced levels in activated memory cells had reduced levels in SS PBMCs (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Activation of memory and naïve CD4(+) T cells revealed a diverging gap in gene expression between these subsets, with memory cells expressing immune-related genes important for effector function. Many of these genes were markedly depressed in SS patients, implying Sézary cells are markedly impaired in mounting immune responses compared to memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Chong
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Paniagua RT, Fiorentino DF, Chung L, Robinson WH. Tyrosine kinases in inflammatory dermatologic disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 65:389-403. [PMID: 20584561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on protein substrates. They are key components of signaling pathways that drive an array of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. Specific TKs have recently been identified as critical to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Small-molecule inhibitors of TKs are emerging as a novel class of therapy that may provide benefit in certain patient subsets. In this review, we highlight TK signaling implicated in inflammatory dermatologic diseases, evaluate strategies aimed at inhibiting these aberrant signaling pathways, and discuss prospects for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo T Paniagua
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Palo Alto Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - David F Fiorentino
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lorinda Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Palo Alto Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Palo Alto Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
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Black M, Marshman G. Dermatomyositis and pemphigus vulgaris: association or coincidence? Australas J Dermatol 2010; 52:e11-4. [PMID: 21605086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2010.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 76-year-old woman presented with a pruritic photodistributed rash and dysphagia. Serum anti-nuclear antibody was positive (titre 1/1280) and skin and muscle biopsies confirmed a diagnosis of dermatomyositis. She was treated with oral prednisolone (5-50 mg/day), mometasone furoate 0.1% ointment and lotion, and tacrolimus 0.03% ointment. Four years later she presented with multiple painful scaly erosions on the face, scalp and trunk. Histopathology and direct and indirect immunofluorescence confirmed a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. Repeated malignancy screens were negative. She was treated with methotrexate (10 mg/week) and prednisolone (50 mg/day slowly tapered to 5 mg/day), with good control of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Black
- Department of Dermatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Pestronk A, Schmidt RE, Choksi R. Vascular pathology in dermatomyositis and anatomic relations to myopathology. Muscle Nerve 2010; 42:53-61. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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