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Soppela H, Krüger J, Hartikainen P, Koivisto A, Haapasalo A, Borroni B, Remes AM, Katisko K, Solje E. Traumatic Brain Injury Associates with an Earlier Onset in Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:225-232. [PMID: 36373318 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are few studies considering possible modifiable risk factors of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). OBJECTIVE In this retrospective case-control study, we evaluated whether a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) associates with a diagnosis of FTD or modulates the clinical phenotype or onset age in FTD patients. METHODS We compared the prevalence of prior TBI between individuals with FTD (N = 218) and age and sex-matched AD patients (N = 214) or healthy controls (HC; N = 100). Based on the patient records, an individual was categorized to the TBI+ group if they were reported to have suffered from TBI during lifetime. The possible associations of TBI with age of onset and disease duration were also evaluated in the whole FTD patient group or separately in the sporadic and genetic FTD groups. RESULTS The prevalence of previous TBI was the highest in the FTD group (19.3%) when compared to the AD group (13.1%, p = 0.050) or HC group (12%, p = 0.108, not significant). Preceding TBI was more often associated with the sporadic FTD cases than the C9orf72 repeat expansion-carrying FTD cases (p = 0.003). Furthermore, comparison of the TBI+ and TBI- FTD groups indicated that previous TBI was associated with an earlier onset age in the FTD patients (B = 3.066, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION A preceding TBI associates especially with sporadic FTD and with earlier onset of symptoms. The results of this study suggest that TBI may be a triggering factor for the neurodegenerative processes in FTD. However, understanding the precise underlying mechanisms still needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmi Soppela
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Krüger
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Hartikainen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Koivisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro Center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro Center, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kasper Katisko
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eino Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro Center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Zheng X, Mi T, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li W, Zhao J, Yang P, Xia H, Mao Q. Progranulin deficiency promotes persistent neuroinflammation and causes regional pathology in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury. Glia 2022; 70:1317-1336. [PMID: 35362178 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be progressive and can lead to the development of a long-term complication termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The mechanisms underlying the progressive changes are still unknown; however, studies have suggested that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in response to TBI may play a fundamental role. This study aimed to determine whether progranulin (PGRN), a major modulator of microglial activity, plays a role in the progressive damage following TBI. PGRN-deficient and wild-type mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and were observed neuropathologically after 3 days, 7 days, and 5 months. Compared to sham and wild-type mice, the PGRN-deficient mice showed overall stronger microgliosis and astrocytosis. The astrocytosis involved broader areas than the microgliosis and was more prominent in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and internal capsule in PGRN-deficient mice. Ongoing neuronal death was uniquely observed in the hippocampal CA3 region of PGRN-deficient mice at 5 months after TBI, accompanying the regional chronic microgliosis and astrocytosis involving the CA3 commissural pathway. In addition, there was M1 microglial polarization in the pericontusional area with activated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling; however, the hippocampus showed only mild M1 polarization 7 days after TBI. Lastly, Morris water maze tests showed PGRN-deficient mice had poorer spatial learning and memory 5 months after TBI than wild-type or sham mice. The data indicated the PGRN deficiency caused TBI progression by promoting persistent microgliosis with microglial polarization and astrocytosis, as well as regional pathology in the hippocampus. The study suggests that PGRN should be evaluated as a potential therapy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zheng
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Mi
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Kennedy E, Panahi S, Stewart IJ, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Kenney K, Werner JK, Gill J, Diaz-Arrastia R, Amuan M, Van Cott AC, Pugh MJ. Traumatic Brain Injury and Early Onset Dementia in Post 9-11 Veterans. Brain Inj 2022; 36:620-627. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2033846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samin Panahi
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ian J. Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David F. Tate
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J. Kent Werner
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- John Hopkins, School of Nursing and Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Amuan
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anne C. Van Cott
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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4
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Dementia in military and veteran populations: a review of risk factors-traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, deployment, and sleep. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:55. [PMID: 34645526 PMCID: PMC8515715 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with dementia. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a higher prevalence in this group in comparison to the civilian population. By delving into the individual relationships between TBI and dementia, and PTSD and dementia, we are able to better explore dementia in the military and veteran populations. While there are some inconsistencies in results, the TBI-dementia association has become more widely accepted. Moderate-to-severe TBI has been found to increase the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. A correlation between PTSD and dementia has been established, however, whether or not it is a causal relationship remains unclear. Factors such as blast, combat and chemical exposure may occur during a deployment, along with TBI and/or PTSD diagnosis, and can impact the risk of dementia. However, there is a lack of literature exploring the direct effects of deployment on dementia risk. Sleep problems have been observed to occur in those following TBI, PTSD and deployment. Poor sleep has been associated with possible dementia risk. Although limited studies have focused on the link between sleep and dementia in military and veteran populations, sleep is a valuable factor to study due to its association and interconnection with other military/veteran factors. This review aims to inform of various risk factors to the cognitive health of military members and veterans: TBI, PTSD, deployment, and sleep.
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5
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Hummel R, Lang M, Walderbach S, Wang Y, Tegeder I, Gölz C, Schäfer MKE. Single intracerebroventricular progranulin injection adversely affects the blood-brain barrier in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2021; 158:342-357. [PMID: 33899947 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factor with protective effects in animal models of ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Administration of recombinant (r) PGRN prevents exaggerated brain pathology after TBI in Grn-deficient mice, suggesting that local injection of recombinant progranulin (rPGRN) provides therapeutic benefit in the acute phase of TBI. To test this hypothesis, we subjected adult male C57Bl/6N mice to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI, administered a single dose of rPGRN intracerebroventricularly (ICV) shortly before the injury, and examined behavioral and biological effects up to 5 days post injury (dpi). The anti-inflammatory bioactivity of rPGRN was confirmed by its capability to inhibit the inflammation-induced hypertrophy of murine primary microglia and astrocytes in vitro. In C57Bl/6N mice, however, ICV administration of rPGRN failed to attenuate behavioral deficits over the 5-day observation period. (Immuno)histological gene and protein expression analyses at 5 dpi did not reveal a therapeutic benefit in terms of brain injury size, brain inflammation, glia activation, cell numbers in neurogenic niches, and neuronal damage. Instead, we observed a failure of TBI-induced mRNA upregulation of the tight junction protein occludin and increased extravasation of serum immunoglobulin G into the brain parenchyma at 5 dpi. In conclusion, single ICV administration of rPGRN had not the expected protective effects in the acute phase of murine TBI, but appeared to cause an aggravation of blood-brain barrier disruption. The data raise questions about putative PGRN-boosting approaches in other types of brain injuries and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Lang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simona Walderbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Postupna N, Rose SE, Gibbons LE, Coleman NM, Hellstern LL, Ritchie K, Wilson AM, Cudaback E, Li X, Melief EJ, Beller AE, Miller JA, Nolan AL, Marshall DA, Walker R, Montine TJ, Larson EB, Crane PK, Ellenbogen RG, Lein ES, Dams-O'Connor K, Keene CD. The Delayed Neuropathological Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Community-Based Sample. Front Neurol 2021; 12:624696. [PMID: 33796061 PMCID: PMC8008107 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The late neuropathological effects of traumatic brain injury have yet to be fully elucidated, particularly with respect to community-based cohorts. To contribute to this critical gap in knowledge, we designed a multimodal neuropathological study, integrating traditional and quantitative approaches to detect pathologic changes in 532 consecutive brain autopsies from participants in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study. Diagnostic evaluation including assessment for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and quantitative immunoassay-based methods were deployed to examine levels of pathological (hyperphosphorylated) tau (pTau) and amyloid (A) β in brains from ACT participants with (n = 107) and without (n = 425) history of remote TBI with loss of consciousness (w/LOC). Further neuropathological assessments included immunohistochemistry for α-synuclein and phospho-TDP-43 pathology and astro- (GFAP) and micro- (Iba1) gliosis, mass spectrometry analysis of free radical injury, and gene expression evaluation (RNA sequencing) in a smaller sub-cohort of matched samples (49 cases with TBI and 49 non-exposed matched controls). Out of 532 cases, only 3 (0.6%-none with TBI w/LOC history) showed evidence of the neuropathologic signature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Across the entire cohort, the levels of pTau and Aβ showed expected differences for brain region (higher levels in temporal cortex), neuropathological diagnosis (higher in participants with Alzheimer's disease), and APOE genotype (higher in participants with one or more APOE ε4 allele). However, no differences in PHF-tau or Aβ1-42 were identified by Histelide with respect to the history of TBI w/LOC. In a subset of TBI cases with more carefully matched control samples and more extensive analysis, those with TBI w/LOC history had higher levels of hippocampal pTau but no significant differences in Aβ, α-synuclein, pTDP-43, GFAP, Iba1, or free radical injury. RNA-sequencing also did not reveal significant gene expression associated with any measure of TBI exposure. Combined, these findings suggest long term neuropathological changes associated with TBI w/LOC may be subtle, involve non-traditional pathways of neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration, and/or differ from those in autopsy cohorts specifically selected for neurotrauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Postupna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shannon E. Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura E. Gibbons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Natalie M. Coleman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Leanne L. Hellstern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kayla Ritchie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Angela M. Wilson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eiron Cudaback
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xianwu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Erica J. Melief
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Allison E. Beller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Amber L. Nolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Desiree A. Marshall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rod Walker
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Eric B. Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Richard G. Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edward S. Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Braun NJ, Yao KR, Alford PW, Liao D. Mechanical injuries of neurons induce tau mislocalization to dendritic spines and tau-dependent synaptic dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29069-29079. [PMID: 33139536 PMCID: PMC7682580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008306117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is associated with repeated traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and is characterized by cognitive decline and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of the protein tau in patients' brains. Here we provide direct evidence that cell-scale mechanical deformation can elicit tau abnormalities and synaptic deficits in neurons. Using computational modeling, we find that the early pathological loci of NFTs in CTE brains are regions of high deformation during injury. The mechanical energy associated with high-strain rate deformation alone can induce tau mislocalization to dendritic spines and synaptic deficits in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. These cellular changes are mediated by tau hyperphosphorylation and can be reversed through inhibition of GSK3β and CDK5 or genetic deletion of tau. Together, these findings identify a mechanistic pathway that directly relates mechanical deformation of neurons to tau-mediated synaptic impairments and provide a possibly exploitable therapeutic pathway to combat CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Braun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Katherine R Yao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
| | - Dezhi Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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8
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Eisele A, Hill-Strathy M, Michels L, Rauen K. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential to Detect Posttraumatic Neurodegeneration. NEURODEGENER DIS 2020; 20:2-11. [PMID: 32610337 DOI: 10.1159/000508098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most relevant external risk factor for dementia and a major global health burden. Mild TBI (mTBI) contributes to up to 90% of all TBIs, and the classification "mild" often misrepresents the patient's burden who suffer from neuropsychiatric long-term sequelae. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows in vivo detection of compromised brain metabolism although it is not routinely used after TBI. OBJECTIVE Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate if MRS has the potential to identify changes in brain metabolism in adult patients after a single mTBI with a negative routine brain scan (CCT and/or MRI scan) compared to aged- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) during the acute or subacute postinjury phase (≤90 days after mTBI). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from the first edition of electronic databases until January 31, 2020. Group analyses were performed per metabolite using a random-effects model. RESULTS Four and 2 out of 5,417 articles met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis and systematic review, respectively. For the meta-analysis, 50 mTBI patients and 51 HC with a mean age of 31 and 30 years, respectively, were scanned using N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), a marker for neuronal integrity. Glutamate (Glu), a marker for disturbed brain metabolism, choline (Cho), a marker for increased cell membrane turnover, and creatine (Cr) were used in 2 out of the 4 included articles. Regions of interests were the frontal lobe, the white matter around 1 cm above the lateral ventricles, or the whole brain. NAA was decreased in patients compared to HC with an effect size (ES) of -0.49 (95% CI -1.08 to 0.09), primarily measured in the frontal lobe. Glu was increased in the white matter in 22 mTBI patients compared to 22 HC (ES 0.79; 95% CI 0.17-1.41). Cho was decreased in 31 mTBI patients compared to 31 HC (ES -0.31; 95% CI -0.81 to 0.19). Cr was contradictory and, therefore, potentially not suitable as a reference marker after mTBI. CONCLUSIONS MRS pinpoints changes in posttraumatic brain metabolism that correlate with cognitive dysfunction and, thus, might possibly help to detect mTBI patients at risk for unfavorable outcome or posttraumatic neurodegeneration early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Eisele
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - MaryJane Hill-Strathy
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Michels
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,
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9
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Nicholson AM, Finch NA, Almeida M, Perkerson RB, van Blitterswijk M, Wojtas A, Cenik B, Rotondo S, Inskeep V, Almasy L, Dyer T, Peralta J, Jun G, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Fuchsberger C, Fowler S, Teslovich TM, Manning AK, Kumar S, Curran J, Lehman D, Abecasis G, Duggirala R, Pottier C, Zahir HA, Crook JE, Karydas A, Mitic L, Sun Y, Dickson DW, Bu G, Herz J, Yu G, Miller BL, Ferguson S, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford N, Blangero J, Rademakers R. Prosaposin is a regulator of progranulin levels and oligomerization. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11992. [PMID: 27356620 PMCID: PMC4931318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (GRN) loss-of-function mutations leading to progranulin protein (PGRN) haploinsufficiency are prevalent genetic causes of frontotemporal dementia. Reports also indicated PGRN-mediated neuroprotection in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease; thus, increasing PGRN levels is a promising therapeutic for multiple disorders. To uncover novel PGRN regulators, we linked whole-genome sequence data from 920 individuals with plasma PGRN levels and identified the prosaposin (PSAP) locus as a new locus significantly associated with plasma PGRN levels. Here we show that both PSAP reduction and overexpression lead to significantly elevated extracellular PGRN levels. Intriguingly, PSAP knockdown increases PGRN monomers, whereas PSAP overexpression increases PGRN oligomers, partly through a protein–protein interaction. PSAP-induced changes in PGRN levels and oligomerization replicate in human-derived fibroblasts obtained from a GRN mutation carrier, further supporting PSAP as a potential PGRN-related therapeutic target. Future studies should focus on addressing the relevance and cellular mechanism by which PGRN oligomeric species provide neuroprotection. Increasing progranulin (PGRN) levels is a promising approach for treating frontotemporal dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here Nicholson et al. show that the prosaposin (PSAP) locus is associated with plasma PGRN levels and demonstrate that PSAP can alter PGRN levels and its oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - NiCole A Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Marcio Almeida
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Ralph B Perkerson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | | | - Aleksandra Wojtas
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Basar Cenik
- Department of Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics, and Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Sergio Rotondo
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Venette Inskeep
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Thomas Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Juan Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Goo Jun
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sharon Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Tanya M Teslovich
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Joanne Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Donna Lehman
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology and Cellular &Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Cyril Pottier
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Haaris A Zahir
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Julia E Crook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Laura Mitic
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Shawn Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | | | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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The neuropathology and cerebrovascular mechanisms of dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:172-86. [PMID: 26174330 PMCID: PMC4758551 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia is increasing in our aging population at an alarming rate. Because of the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and complexity of disease neuropathology, dementia classifications remain controversial. Recently, the National Plan to address Alzheimer’s Disease prioritized Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias to include: Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, and mixed dementias. While each of these dementing conditions has their unique pathologic signature, one common etiology shared among all these conditions is cerebrovascular dysfunction at some point during the disease process. The goal of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current findings in the field and address the important contributions of cerebrovascular, physiologic, and cellular alterations to cognitive impairment in these human dementias. Specifically, evidence will be presented in support of small-vessel disease as an underlying neuropathologic hallmark of various dementias, while controversial findings will also be highlighted. Finally, the molecular mechanisms shared among all dementia types including hypoxia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial bioenergetics, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and blood–brain barrier permeability responsible for disease etiology and progression will be discussed.
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11
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Chiu HY, Lin EY, Wei L, Lin JH, Lee HC, Fan YC, Tsai PS. Hypnotics use but not insomnia increased the risk of dementia in traumatic brain injury patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:2271-7. [PMID: 26454682 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was intended to determine whether the use of hypnotics is associated with dementia in traumatic-brain-injury (TBI) patients. Data retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. TBI patients who received a diagnosis of insomnia at 2 or more independent examinations after the index date of TBI were included. The comparison cohort consisted of randomly selected TBI patients who were matched to insomnia cohort patients based on sex and age. The 2 cohorts of TBI patients were subsequently divided into the following 4 study groups: hypnotics users with insomnia (TBI-IH, N=599), insomniacs who did not use hypnotics (TBI-I, N=931), hypnotics users without insomnia (TBI-H, N=199), and people without insomnia who did not use hypnotics (TBI-C, N=4271). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to determine the difference in dementia-free survival among the 4 study groups, after adjusting for the propensity score. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the TBI-IH and TBI-H groups showed that they had a higher risk of dementia (aHRs: 1.86 and 3.98; 95% CIs: 1.15-3.00 and 2.44-6.47, respectively), compared with that of the TBI-C group. However, the risk of dementia in the TBI-I group was not significantly different from that of the TBI-C group (aHR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.85-2.19). This study suggests that the use of hypnotics is associated with an increased risk of dementia in TBI patients with or without insomnia, whereas insomnia alone is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yean Chiu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Yuan Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Her Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Sleep Science Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Science Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Wang HK, Lee YC, Huang CY, Liliang PC, Lu K, Chen HJ, Li YC, Tsai KJ. Traumatic brain injury causes frontotemporal dementia and TDP-43 proteolysis. Neuroscience 2015; 300:94-103. [PMID: 25982564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor for dementia. Recently, TBI has also been suggested as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and plasma immunoreactivity to the TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been observed in both patients with acute TBI and long-term survivors of this condition. We used a population-based study to estimate and compare the risk of FTD in individuals with and without TBI. Furthermore, we used a rat model of TBI to show that increased TDP-43 proteolysis following TBI produces FTD-like impairments, including abnormal limb-clasping, and impaired performances in the Morris water maze. We recruited 24,585 patients who received ambulatory or hospital care for TBI and 122,925 patients without TBI for this study. Each individual was investigated for 4years to evaluate FTD development, and data were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression. In the TBI rat model, behavior and TDP-43 inclusions were assessed following intracranial administration of a caspase-3 inhibitor or vehicle. FTD was more likely to occur in the TBI group than in the group without TBI (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.43; 95% confidence interval, 3.85-5.10; P<0.001). Rats developed behavioral impairments similar to those in patients with FTD after TBI. Further, the behavioral impairments were likely associated with TDP-43 short fragment mislocalization and accumulation. Our findings suggest that in humans, TBI is associated with a greater occurrence of FTD. Moreover, clinical FTD manifestations may be associated with TDP-43 proteolysis, since impaired behaviors in TBI rats were reminiscent of those in humans with FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-K Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - P-C Liliang
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - K Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Li
- Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - K-J Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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13
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Deutsch MB, Mendez MF, Teng E. Interactions between traumatic brain injury and frontotemporal degeneration. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015; 39:143-53. [PMID: 25531628 PMCID: PMC4427348 DOI: 10.1159/000369787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prior work in smaller cohorts suggests that traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a risk factor for frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). We sought to confirm and extend these results using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. METHODS We compared the TBI prevalence between FTD subjects and matched normal controls. Indices of cognitive, behavioral, functional, and global dementia severity were compared between FTD subjects with and without prior TBI. RESULTS Remote TBI with extended loss of consciousness (TBI-ext) was more common in individuals with FTD than in controls (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.004-2.778). With TBI-ext, less functional and global impairment was seen in the behavioral variant of FTD, but more behavioral pathology was seen in the semantic variant. CONCLUSION TBI may increase the FTD risk and influence clinical symptomatology and severity in FTD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel B. Deutsch
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mario F. Mendez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edmond Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Barnes DE, Kaup A, Kirby KA, Byers AL, Diaz-Arrastia R, Yaffe K. Traumatic brain injury and risk of dementia in older veterans. Neurology 2014; 83:312-9. [PMID: 24966406 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in military personnel, and there is growing concern about the long-term effects of TBI on the brain; however, few studies have examined the association between TBI and risk of dementia in veterans. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 188,764 US veterans aged 55 years or older who had at least one inpatient or outpatient visit during both the baseline (2000-2003) and follow-up (2003-2012) periods and did not have a dementia diagnosis at baseline. TBI and dementia diagnoses were determined using ICD-9 codes in electronic medical records. Fine-Gray proportional hazards models were used to determine whether TBI was associated with greater risk of incident dementia, accounting for the competing risk of death and adjusting for demographics, medical comorbidities, and psychiatric disorders. RESULTS Veterans were a mean age of 68 years at baseline. During the 9-year follow-up period, 16% of those with TBI developed dementia compared with 10% of those without TBI (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.35-1.83). There was evidence of an additive association between TBI and other conditions on risk of dementia. CONCLUSIONS TBI in older veterans was associated with a 60% increase in the risk of developing dementia over 9 years after accounting for competing risks and potential confounders. Our results suggest that TBI in older veterans may predispose toward development of symptomatic dementia and raise concern about the potential long-term consequences of TBI in younger veterans and civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Barnes
- From the University of California, San Francisco (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (R.D.-A.), Bethesda, MD.
| | - Allison Kaup
- From the University of California, San Francisco (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (R.D.-A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Katharine A Kirby
- From the University of California, San Francisco (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (R.D.-A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy L Byers
- From the University of California, San Francisco (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (R.D.-A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- From the University of California, San Francisco (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (R.D.-A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- From the University of California, San Francisco (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.E.B., A.K., K.A.K., A.L.B., K.Y.); and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (R.D.-A.), Bethesda, MD
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15
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LUO LI, LÜ LANHAI, LU YINGHONG, ZHANG LIHONG, LI BOFEI, GUO KAIHUA, CHEN LIZHI, WANG YANG, SHAO YIJIA, XU JIE. Effects of hypoxia on progranulin expression in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1675-80. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Lee YK, Hou SW, Lee CC, Hsu CY, Huang YS, Su YC. Increased risk of dementia in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62422. [PMID: 23658727 PMCID: PMC3641064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that the risk of dementia in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is higher. However, the relationship between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and dementia has never been established. Objectives We investigated the incidences of dementia among patients with mTBI in Taiwan to evaluate if there is higher risk compared with general population. Methods We utilized a sampled National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data containing one million beneficiaries. We followed all adult beneficiaries from January 1, 2005 till December 31, 2009 to see if they had been diagnosed with dementia. We further identify patients with mTBI and compared their risk of dementia with the general population. Results We identified 28551 patients with mTBI and 692382 without. After controlled for age, gender, urbanization level, socioeconomic status, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, history of alcohol intoxication, history of ischemic stroke, history of intracranial hemorrhage and Charlson Comorbidity Index Score, the adjusted hazard ratio is 3.26 (95% Confidence interval, 2.69–3.94). Conclusions TBI is an independent significant risk factor of developing dementia even in the mild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kung Lee
- Emergency Department, Buddhist Tzu Chi Dalin General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Hou
- Emergency Department, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lee
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center and Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Hsu
- Department of Public Heath, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Huang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Cheng Su
- Emergency Department, Buddhist Tzu Chi Dalin General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lim HY, Albuquerque B, Häussler A, Myrczek T, Ding A, Tegeder I. Progranulin contributes to endogenous mechanisms of pain defense after nerve injury in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:708-21. [PMID: 21645236 PMCID: PMC3822842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin haploinsufficiency is associated with frontotemporal dementia in humans. Deficiency of progranulin led to exaggerated inflammation and premature aging in mice. The role of progranulin in adaptations to nerve injury and neuropathic pain are still unknown. Here we found that progranulin is up-regulated after injury of the sciatic nerve in the mouse ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord, most prominently in the microglia surrounding injured motor neurons. Progranulin knockdown by continuous intrathecal spinal delivery of small interfering RNA after sciatic nerve injury intensified neuropathic pain-like behaviour and delayed the recovery of motor functions. Compared to wild-type mice, progranulin-deficient mice developed more intense nociceptive hypersensitivity after nerve injury. The differences escalated with aging. Knockdown of progranulin reduced the survival of dissociated primary neurons and neurite outgrowth, whereas addition of recombinant progranulin rescued primary dorsal root ganglia neurons from cell death induced by nerve growth factor withdrawal. Thus, up-regulation of progranulin after neuronal injury may reduce neuropathic pain and help motor function recovery, at least in part, by promoting survival of injured neurons and supporting regrowth. A deficiency in this mechanism may increase the risk for injury-associated chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Lim
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt, ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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18
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Medical and environmental risk factors associated with frontotemporal dementia: A case‐control study in a veteran population. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 8:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lakhan SE, Kirchgessner A. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: the dangers of getting "dinged". SPRINGERPLUS 2012; 1:2. [PMID: 23984220 PMCID: PMC3581107 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a form of neurodegeneration that results from repetitive brain trauma. Not surprisingly, CTE has been linked to participation in contact sports such as boxing, hockey and American football. In American football getting "dinged" equates to moments of dizziness, confusion, or grogginess that can follow a blow to the head. There are approximately 100,000 to 300,000 concussive episodes occurring in the game of American football alone each year. It is believed that repetitive brain trauma, with or possibly without symptomatic concussion, sets off a cascade of events that result in neurodegenerative changes highlighted by accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau and neuronal TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). Symptoms of CTE may begin years or decades later and include a progressive decline of memory, as well as depression, poor impulse control, suicidal behavior, and, eventually, dementia similar to Alzheimer's disease. In some individuals, CTE is also associated with motor neuron disease similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Given the millions of athletes participating in contact sports that involve repetitive brain trauma, CTE represents an important public health issue. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the etiology of CTE. It is now known that those instances of mild concussion or "dings" that we may have previously not noticed could very well be causing progressive neurodegenerative damage to a player's brain. In the future, focused and intensive study of the risk factors could potentially uncover methods to prevent and treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Kirchgessner
- Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
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20
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Sun L, Wang L, Jiang M, Huang J, Lin H. Glycogen debranching enzyme 6 (AGL), enolase 1 (ENOSF1), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 2 (ENPP2_1), glutathione S-transferase 3 (GSTM3_3) and mannosidase (MAN2B2) metabolism computational network analysis between chimpanzee and human left cerebrum. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 61:493-505. [PMID: 21735130 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We identified significantly higher expression of the genes glycogen debranching enzyme 6 (AGL), enolase 1 (ENOSF1), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 2 (ENPP2_1), glutathione S-transferase 3 (GSTM3_3) and mannosidase (MAN2B2) from human left cerebrums versus chimpanzees. Yet the distinct low- and high-expression AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism networks between chimpanzee and human left cerebrum remain to be elucidated. Here, we constructed low- and high-expression activated and inhibited upstream and downstream AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network between chimpanzee and human left cerebrum in GEO data set by gene regulatory network inference method based on linear programming and decomposition procedure, under covering AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 pathway and matching metabolism enrichment analysis by CapitalBio MAS 3.0 integration of public databases, including Gene Ontology, KEGG, BioCarta, GenMapp, Intact, UniGene, OMIM, etc. Our results show that the AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network has more activated and less inhibited molecules in chimpanzee, but less activated and more inhibited in the human left cerebrum. We inferred stronger carbohydrate, glutathione and proteoglycan metabolism, ATPase activity, but weaker base excision repair, arachidonic acid and drug metabolism as a result of inducing cell growth in low-expression AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network of chimpanzee left cerebrum; whereas stronger lipid metabolism, amino acid catabolism, DNA repair but weaker inflammatory response, cell proliferation, glutathione and carbohydrate metabolism as a result of inducing cell differentiation in high-expression AGL, ENOSF1, ENPP2_1, GSTM3_3 and MAN2B2 metabolism network of human left cerebrum. Our inferences are consistent with recent reports and computational activation and inhibition gene number patterns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Sun
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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21
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Blaylock RL, Maroon J. Immunoexcitotoxicity as a central mechanism in chronic traumatic encephalopathy-A unifying hypothesis. Surg Neurol Int 2011; 2:107. [PMID: 21886880 PMCID: PMC3157093 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.83391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some individuals suffering from mild traumatic brain injuries, especially repetitive mild concussions, are thought to develop a slowly progressive encephalopathy characterized by a number of the neuropathological elements shared with various neurodegenerative diseases. A central pathological mechanism explaining the development of progressive neurodegeneration in this subset of individuals has not been elucidated. Yet, a large number of studies indicate that a process called immunoexcitotoxicity may be playing a central role in many neurodegenerative diseases including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The term immunoexcitotoxicity was first coined by the lead author to explain the evolving pathological and neurodevelopmental changes in autism and the Gulf War Syndrome, but it can be applied to a number of neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction between immune receptors within the central nervous system (CNS) and excitatory glutamate receptors trigger a series of events, such as extensive reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species generation, accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, and prostaglandin activation, which then leads to dendritic retraction, synaptic injury, damage to microtubules, and mitochondrial suppression. In this paper, we discuss the mechanism of immunoexcitotoxicity and its link to each of the pathophysiological and neurochemical events previously described with CTE, with special emphasis on the observed accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L Blaylock
- Theoretical Neurosciences, LLC Visiting Professor of Biology, Belhaven University, Jackson, MS 315 Rolling Meadows Rd, Ridgeland, MS 39157, USA
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22
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Madathil SK, Nelson PT, Saatman KE, Wilfred BR. MicroRNAs in CNS injury: potential roles and therapeutic implications. Bioessays 2011; 33:21-6. [PMID: 21053309 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu K Madathil
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Structure, function, and mechanism of progranulin; the brain and beyond. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 45:538-48. [PMID: 21691802 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of human GRN, the gene encoding the secreted glycoprotein progranulin, results in a form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration that is characterized by the presence of ubiquitinated inclusions containing phosphorylated and cleaved fragments of the transactivation response element DNA-binding protein-43. This has stimulated interest in understanding the role of progranulin in the central nervous system, and in particular, how this relates to neurodegeneration. Progranulin has many roles outside the brain, including regulation of cellular proliferation, survival, and migration, in cancer, including cancers of the brain, in wound repair, and inflammation. It often acts through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phopshatidylinositol-3-kinases pathways. The neurobiology of progranulin has followed a similar pattern with proposed roles for progranulin (PGRN) in the central nervous system as a neuroprotective agent and in neuroinflammation. Here we review the structure, biology, and mechanism of progranulin action. By understanding PGRN in a wider context, we may be better able to delineate its roles in the normal brain and in neurodegenerative disease.
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