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Carneiro FS, Katashima CK, Dodge JD, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, Da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER. Tissue-specific roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response during obesity. Obes Rev 2024:e13791. [PMID: 38880974 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism, increasing adiposity, weight gain, and promoting related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent findings have reported that metabolic stress related to obesity induces a mitochondrial stress response called mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control pathway that occurs in a nuclear DNA-mitochondria crosstalk, causing transduction of chaperones and proteases under stress conditions. The duality of UPRmt signaling, with both beneficial and detrimental effects, acts in different contexts depending on the tissue, cell type, and physiological states, affecting the mitochondrial function and efficiency and the metabolism homeostasis during obesity, which remains not fully clarified. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent findings regarding UPRmt signaling during obesity, bringing an overview of UPRmt across different metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Dodge
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomic, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Park HG, Choi JH. Genetic variant rs9939609 in FTO is associated with body composition and obesity risk in Korean females. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003649. [PMID: 37993268 PMCID: PMC10668161 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is a significant locus in obesity. However, the association between FTO genetic variants and body composition has not been fully elucidated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This observational study examined the associations of FTO rs9939609 T>A with obesity and body composition markers in Koreans. A total of 6474 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed for their general characteristics, body composition and FTO genotype with a sex-stratified approach. RESULTS Females with the obesity risk A allele showed significantly greater body weight, hip circumference, and body mass index and were at a 1.28-fold higher risk of obesity (95% CI=1.088 to 1.507) than those with the TT genotype. Analyses of body composition also showed that females with the A allele had a greater body fat mass and percentage, abdominal fat percentage, and degree of obesity, and this association and FTO genetic variation and adiposity was observed in females, especially aged under 50 years. However, the effect of the variant allele on non-fat tissue markers was not evident in females and was not associated with any parameters examined in males. CONCLUSIONS The FTO rs9939609 variant is associated with body composition in Koreans, especially body fat markers in females. These results support that the FTO rs9939609 variant is a genetic risk factor in the etiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Gyo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)
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NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 Reduces Obesogenic Diet Induced Inflammation in Mice Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071409. [PMID: 35406022 PMCID: PMC9003550 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Excess adipose tissue accumulation and obesity are characterised by chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation. Nestfatin-1 is a neuropeptide derived from the precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), which was initially reported to exert anorexigenic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of an obesogenic diet (OD; high-fat, high-sugar) in NUCB2 knockout (KO) mice and of nesfatin-1 treatment in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (Sc-WAT) samples from wild type (WT) and NUCB2 KO mice that were fed a normal diet (ND), or the OD for 12 weeks were used for RNA and protein extraction, as well as immunohistochemistry. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 100 nM nesfatin-1 during differentiation and stimulated with 1 µg/mL LPS for measuring the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators by qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, Bioplex, and ELISA. Results: Following the OD, the mRNA, protein and cellular expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (Tnfα, Il-6, Il-1β, Adgre1, Mcp1, TLR4, Hmbgb1 and NF-kB) significantly increased in the ScWAT of NUCB2 KO mice compared to ND controls. Adiponectin and Nrf2 expression significantly decreased in the ScWAT of OD-fed NUCB2 KO, without changes in the OD-fed WT mice. Furthermore, nesfatin-1 treatment in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells significantly reduced the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnfα, Il-6, Il-1β, Mcp1) and hmgb1. Conclusion: An obesogenic diet can induce significant inflammation in the ScWAT of NUCB2 KO mice, involving the HMGB1, NRF2 and NF-kB pathways, while nesfatin-1 reduces the pro-inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells. These findings provide a novel insight into the metabolic regulation of inflammation in WAT.
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Yuzbashian E, Asghari G, Chan CB, Hedayati M, Safarian M, Zarkesh M, Mirmiran P, Khalaj A. The association of dietary and plasma fatty acid composition with FTO gene expression in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2485-2494. [PMID: 33159224 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The human obesity susceptibility gene, FTO, associates with body mass and obesity in humans through regulation of energy expenditure and intake. We aimed to determine how fatty acids in plasma and in diet associate with FTO gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. METHODS In this study, 97 participants aged ≥ 18 years were selected from patients admitted to the hospital for abdominal surgeries. Habitual dietary intake of participants was collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which the intake of fatty acids was quantified. Plasma fatty acids were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. The mRNA expression of the FTO gene in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained by biopsy was measured by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR. Standardized β-coefficients were calculated by multivariable linear regression. RESULTS After adjusting for age, homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and body mass index, total fatty acid intake was significantly associated with FTO gene expression in visceral (STZβ = 0.208, P = 0.037) and subcutaneous (STZβ = 0.236, P = 0.020) adipose tissues. Dietary intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) had positive significant associations with the expression of FTO in visceral (STZβ = 0.227, P = 0.023; STZβ = 0.346, P < 0.001, respectively) and subcutaneous (STZβ = 0.227, P = 0.026; STZβ = 0.274, P = 0.006, respectively) adipose tissues. There were no associations between plasma fatty acids and FTO mRNA expression in either subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissues. CONCLUSION The weak association of dietary total fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA with FTO gene expression in both adipose tissues may highlight the importance of dietary fatty acids composition along with total fat intake in relation to FTO gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yuzbashian
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science and Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Department of Surgery, Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang X, Ye L, Li X, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Li W, Wen Y. The association between sarcopenia susceptibility and polymorphisms of FTO, ACVR2B, and IRS1 in Tibetans. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1747. [PMID: 34302448 PMCID: PMC8404241 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia within the plateau has a negative effect on skeletal muscle and may play a role in the development of sarcopenia in humans. Tibetans having lived in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau for thousands of years, are a high‐risk group for sarcopenia; however, they have a distinctive suite of genetic traits that enable them to tolerate environmental hypoxia and are genetically significantly different from Han Chinese and other lowland populations. Sarcopenia has been consistently found to be associated with single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, but few studies have investigated the role of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in a range of muscle phenotypes and sarcopenia in Tibetan peoples. Methods Our study aimed to investigate the skeletal muscle mass and fat mass of 160 Tibetans (80 men and 80 women) from Lhasa (altitude of 3600 meters) and analyze the association between the polymorphisms of fat mass and obesity protein (FTO) rs9939609, FTO rs9936385, activin type IIB receptor (ACVR2B) rs2276541, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) 2943656 and sarcopenia. Result FTO rs9939609 and rs9936385 polymorphisms were associated with lower limb skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia for Tibetan women, and TT homozygotes had a higher risk for sarcopenia. But ACVR2B rs2276541 and IRS1 2943656 polymorphisms were unassociated with sarcopenia in Tibetan. Conclusion In Tibetans, FTO rs9939609 and rs9936385 polymorphisms were associated with sarcopenia, and ACVR2B rs2276541 and IRS1 2943656 polymorphisms were unassociated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Jiang
- Tama Community Health Center of Chengguan District, Lhasa, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Youfeng Wen
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Structural characteristics of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FTO demethylase. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1475-1489. [PMID: 34240624 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the FTO gene is closely related to obesity and weight gain in humans. FTO is an N6-methyladenosine demethylase and is linked to an increased risk of obesity and a variety of diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, glioblastoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. In light of the significant role of FTO, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the FTO protein provides not only a powerful tool for grasping the active site of FTO but also a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of drugs targeting the FTO protein. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of FTO inhibitors and discusses the occurrence of obesity and cancer caused by FTO gene overexpression.
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Gu Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Fang Y, Pan Y, Shu Y, Ma P. The evolving landscape of N 6-methyladenosine modification in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1703-1715. [PMID: 33839323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), controlled by intrinsic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and epigenetic modifications, has, in recent years, become a heavily researched topic. The TME can be described in terms of hypoxia, metabolic dysregulation, immune escape, and chronic inflammation. RNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, has recently been found to have a pivotal role in shaping the TME. The N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) modification is the most common type of RNA methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the primary internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that m6A regulates transcriptional and protein expression through splicing, translation, degradation, and export, thereby mediating the biological processes of cancer cells and/or stromal cells and characterizing the TME. The TME also has a crucial role in the complicated regulatory network of m6A modifications and, subsequently, influences tumor initiation, progression, and therapy responses. In this review, we describe the features of the TME and how the m6A modification modulates and interacts with it. We also focus on various factors and pathways involved in m6A methylation. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers with respect to the TME and m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Clinic School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Ağagündüz D, Gezmen-Karadağ M. Association of FTO common variant (rs9939609) with body fat in Turkish individuals. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:212. [PMID: 31810473 PMCID: PMC6896279 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene (16q12.2) are associated with obesity in some populations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between FTO gene polymorphism and adiposity&related markers in Turkish adults was aimed. Methods The present study included 200 participants aged 18–65 years, who were genotyped for variants of the FTO gene (rs9939609). Anthropometric measurements were performed. Body compositions were analyzed with Tanita BC 545 N Inner ScanTM. Infrared analyzer (VISCANTM) was also used to determinate the degree of abdominal fat. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI) and lipid accumulation products (LAP) index which are used in body fat estimation were calculated. Body fat amounts were classified using gender-based cut-offs. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to determine the risk of having a high body fat amount associated with the risk allele. Results The frequency of the rs9939609 AA genotype was 19.0%, which was 42.5% for the AT genotype and 38.5% for the TT genotype (wild type). AA genotype was found to be higher in females than in males (26.0 and 12.0%, respectively). The total body fat amount of the individuals with AA genotype was high (28.5 ± 9.25%) compared to AT (27.0 ± 10.31%) and TT (23.7 ± 10.62%) genotype (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in abdominal fat amounts (%) (AA:38.6%, AT:36.2%, TT:33.7%), internal fat levels and waist/hip ratios (p > 0.05). Significance of association between FTO genotypes and total body fat (%) was retained after adjustment for BMI and gender as well. BMI, LAP, and BAI index values were not different between different genotypes in all individuals and different genders (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our study supports that the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with fat accumulation in the whole body without being associated with abdominal fat accumulation in Turkish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Emniyet Mahallesi, Muammer Yaşar Bostancı Caddesi, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences,, No:16, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadağ
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Emniyet Mahallesi, Muammer Yaşar Bostancı Caddesi, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences,, No:16, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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The association of dietary carbohydrate with FTO gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of adults without diabetes. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Alvarez-Pitti J, Ros-Forés MA, Bayo-Pérez A, Palou M, Lurbe E, Palou A, Picó C. Blood cell transcript levels in 5-year-old children as potential markers of breastfeeding effects in those small for gestational age at birth. J Transl Med 2019; 17:145. [PMID: 31064394 PMCID: PMC6505189 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition of the newborn during the early postnatal period seems to be of capital importance and there is clinical evidence showing the protective effect of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding on childhood obesity and its comorbidities. Infants born small for gestation age may be more sensitive to the type of feeding during lactation. Here, we aimed to analyze the impact of birth weight and the type of infant feeding on the expression levels in peripheral blood cells of selected candidate genes involved in energy homeostasis in 5-year-old children, to find out potential early biomarkers of metabolic programming effects during this period of metabolic plasticity. METHODS Forty subjects were recruited at birth and divided in four groups according to birth weight (adequate or small for gestational age) and type of infant feeding (breastfeeding or formula feeding). They were followed from birth to the age of 5 years. RESULTS At 5 years, no significant differences regarding anthropometric parameters were found between groups, and all children had normal biochemical values. Expression levels of UCP2 and MC4R in peripheral blood cells were lower and higher, respectively, in formula feeding children compared with breastfeeding ones (P = 0.002 and P = 0.064, two-way ANOVA). Differences were more marked and significant by Student's t test in small for gestation age children (P < 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively). Transcript levels of FASN and FTO in peripheral blood cells were also different according to the type of infant feeding, but only in small for gestation age children. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results suggest that small for gestation age infants are more sensitive to the type of feeding during lactation, and transcript levels of particular genes in peripheral blood cells, especially the MC4R/UCP2 mRNA ratio, may precisely reflect these effects in the absence of clear differences in phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Amparo Ros-Forés
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Bayo-Pérez
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Timpson AJ, de Mestre AM, Elliott J, Harris PA, Cheng Z, Mirczuk SM, Callan L, Rainbow L, Menzies-Gow NJ. Seasonal and Dietary Influences on Adipose Tissue and Systemic Gene Expression in Control and Previously Laminitic Ponies. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Allison KC, Goel N. Timing of eating in adults across the weight spectrum: Metabolic factors and potential circadian mechanisms. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:158-166. [PMID: 29486170 PMCID: PMC6019166 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Timing of eating is recognized as a significant contributor to body weight regulation. Disruption of sleep-wake cycles from a predominantly diurnal (daytime) to a delayed (evening) lifestyle leads to altered circadian rhythms and metabolic dysfunction. This article reviews current evidence for timed and delayed eating in individuals of normal weight and those with overweight or obesity: although some findings indicate a benefit of eating earlier in the daytime on weight and/or metabolic outcomes, results have not been uniformly consistent, and more rigorous and longer-duration studies are needed. We also review potential circadian mechanisms underlying the metabolic- and weight-related changes resulting from timed and delayed eating. Further identification of such mechanisms using deep phenotyping is required to determine targets for medical interventions for obesity and for prevention of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and to inform clinical guidelines regarding eating schedules for management of weight and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Deng X, Su R, Stanford S, Chen J. Critical Enzymatic Functions of FTO in Obesity and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:396. [PMID: 30105001 PMCID: PMC6077364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to increased body mass and obesity in humans by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) since 2007. Although some recent studies suggest that the obesity-related SNPs in FTO influence obesity susceptibility likely through altering the expression of the adjacent genes such as IRX3 and RPGRIP1L, rather than FTO itself, a solid link between the SNP risk genotype and the increased FTO expression in both human blood cells and fibroblasts has been reported. Moreover, multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that FTO does play a critical role in the regulation of fat mass, adipogenesis, and body weight. Epidemiology studies also showed a strong association of FTO SNPs and overweight/obesity with increased risk of various types of cancers. As the first identified messenger RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, FTO has been shown recently to play m6A-dependent roles in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis (especially in the development of leukemia and glioblastoma). Given the critical roles of FTO in cancers, the development of selective and effective inhibitors targeting FTO holds potential to treat cancers. This mini review discusses the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of FTO in both obesity and cancers, and also summarizes recent advances in the development of FTO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
- School of PharmacyChina Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
| | - Savanna Stanford
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology and The Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonrovia, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Chen
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Nowacka-Woszuk J, Pruszynska-Oszmalek E, Szydlowski M, Szczerbal I. Nutrition modulates Fto and Irx3 gene transcript levels, but does not alter their DNA methylation profiles in rat white adipose tissues. Gene 2017; 610:44-48. [PMID: 28179100 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity associated (Fto) and iroquois homeobox 3 (Irx3) genes have been recognised as important obesity-related genes. Studies on the expression of these genes in the fat tissue of human and mouse have produced inconsistent results, while similar data on rat are limited. Environmental factors such as diet, should be considered as potential modulators of gene transcript levels through epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation. The aim of this study was to evaluate transcription levels and DNA methylation profiles of rat Fto and Irx3 genes in two white adipose tissue depots in response to high-fat and high-protein diets. The relative transcript levels of Fto and Irx3 were shown to be tissue-specific with higher levels detected in subcutaneous fat tissue than in abdominal fat tissue. Moreover, negative correlations between the transcripts of both genes were observed for subcutaneous fat tissue. The identified interactions (e.g. diet×duration of diet regimen) indicated that the diet had an impact on the transcript level; however, this effect was dependent on the duration of the diet regimen. The high-fat diet led to upregulation of Fto and Irx3 linearly with time across the two tissues. DNA methylation of the regulatory regions of the studied genes was very low and not related with the tissue, diet, or duration of diet regimen. Our study revealed that diet was an important factor modulating transcription of Fto and Irx3, but its effect is time-dependent. In contrast, the DNA methylation profiles of Fto and Irx3 were not altered by nutrition, which may indicate that the feeding type, when applied postnatally, did not affect DNA methylation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland.
| | - Maciej Szydlowski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland.
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland.
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15
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Gunasekaran MK, Virama-Latchoumy AL, Girard AC, Planesse C, Guérin-Dubourg A, Ottosson L, Andersson U, Césari M, Roche R, Hoareau L. TLR4-dependant pro-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 on human adipocyte. Adipocyte 2016; 5:384-388. [PMID: 27994953 PMCID: PMC5160392 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1245818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low grade inflammation is one of the major metabolic disorders in case of obesity and associated pathologies. By its important secretion function, the role of adipose tissue in this metabolic low grade inflammation is well known. Recently, it was demonstrated that the alarmin high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is involved in obesity-related pathologies by its increased serum levels in obese compared to normal weight individuals, and by its pro-inflammatory effects. However, the role of HMGB1 on adipocytes inflammation is poorly documented and we propose to investigate this point. Primary culture of human subcutaneous adipocytes were performed from human adipose tissue samples. Cells were treated with recombinant HMGB1 with/without anti-TLR4 antibody and inhibitors of NF-κB and P38 MAPK. Supernatants were collected for IL-6 and MCP-1 ELISA. HMGB1 initiates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent activation of inflammation through the downstream NF-κB and P38 MAPK signaling pathway to upregulate the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. HMGB1 has pro-inflammatory effects on adipocytes. This reinforces the role of TLR4 in adipose tissue inflammation and antagonizing the HMGB1 inflammatory pathway could bring on new therapeutic targets to counteract obesity-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gunasekaran
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Virama-Latchoumy
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Anne-Claire Girard
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de La Réunion
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Stemcis, plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | | | - Lars Ottosson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stokholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stokholm, Sweden
| | - Maya Césari
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Régis Roche
- Stemcis, plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Laurence Hoareau
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Stemcis, plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, France
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16
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Munroe PB, Tinker A. Genome-wide association studies and contribution to cardiovascular physiology. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:365-75. [PMID: 26106147 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00004.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of family pedigrees with rare monogenic cardiovascular disorders has revealed new molecular players in physiological processes. Genome-wide association studies of complex traits with a heritable component may afford a similar and potentially intellectually richer opportunity. In this review we focus on the interpretation of genetic associations and the issue of causality in relation to known and potentially new physiology. We mainly discuss cardiometabolic traits as it reflects our personal interests, but the issues pertain broadly in many other disciplines. We also describe some of the resources that are now available that may expedite follow up of genetic association signals into observations on causal mechanisms and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Tinker
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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Goni L, Cuervo M, Milagro FI, Martínez JA. Gene-Gene Interplay and Gene-Diet Interactions Involving the MTNR1B rs10830963 Variant with Body Weight Loss. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 7:232-42. [PMID: 25870980 DOI: 10.1159/000380951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Investigation of the genetic makeup may facilitate the implementation of more personalized nutritional interventions. The aims were to examine whether the rs10830963 MTNR1B polymorphism affects weight loss in response to a hypocaloric diet and to find potential gene-gene interplays and gene-diet interactions. METHODS 167 subjects enrolled in a personalized nutritional intervention for weight loss (3-6 weeks) were examined for anthropometric measurements, dietary habits and physical activity at baseline and at the first follow-up visit. Three polymorphisms, which have previously been associated with body weight regulation, rs10830963 (MTNR1B), rs9939609 (FTO) and rs17782313 (MC4R), were analyzed using the Luminex® 100/200™ System. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, females with the rs10830963 CG/GG genotype showed lower weight loss than those with the CC genotype. In the total population, carriers of variant alleles of both FTO and MC4R showed a significant association with MTNR1B and weight loss outcome. Moreover, among women, higher total protein and animal protein intakes were associated with a lower weight loss in G allele carriers of the MTNR1B variant. CONCLUSIONS Our data evidenced that rs10830963 MTNR1B polymorphism could be associated with individual differences in weight loss induced by a hypocaloric diet. This association was influenced by FTO and MC4R loci and modified by baseline protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Giacobbe A, Grasso R, Imbesi G, Salpietro CD, Grasso L, Laganà AS, Triolo O, Di Benedetto A. High mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of obesity in pregnant women? Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:113-5. [PMID: 25356847 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.964637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in obese pregnant women, to assess the role of this protein in the pathogenesis of this disease and to evaluate its possible function as a diagnostic marker for obesity-related complications in obese women. Study participants were randomly selected, from a cohort of pregnant women afferent to our department. A total of 120 women were enrolled in this study: 60 pregnant women had normal body mass index (BMI) and 60 women resulted obese. Pre-pregnancy BMI, weight increase and HMGB1 levels were evaluated for each pregnant woman enrolled. Matching serum HMGB1 levels in two groups, our data evidenced higher levels in the obese women, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0023). A significant positive univariate correlation was observed between serum HMGB1 levels and BMI in obese women. HMGB1 serum levels may therefore represent a predictive marker of disease in pregnant women (r = 20.9 and p = 0.0001). Further studies are needed in order to validate the role of this cytokine, with the aim of making it possible to use in clinical practice not only for diagnostic purposes, but especially for the early recognition of complications related to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giacobbe
- Department of Pediatric Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences and
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19
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Merkestein M, Sellayah D. Role of FTO in Adipocyte Development and Function: Recent Insights. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:521381. [PMID: 26788058 PMCID: PMC4695642 DOI: 10.1155/2015/521381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2007, FTO was identified as the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) gene associated with obesity in humans. Since then, various animal models have served to establish the mechanistic basis behind this association. Many earlier studies focussed on FTO's effects on food intake via central mechanisms. Emerging evidence, however, implicates adipose tissue development and function in the causal relationship between perturbations in FTO expression and obesity. The purpose of this mini review is to shed light on these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue and present a clearer picture of its impact on obesity susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrte Merkestein
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Dyan Sellayah
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, UK
- *Dyan Sellayah:
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20
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Abstract
The Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene is a newly identified genetic factor for obesity. However, the exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the effect of FTO on obesity remain largely unknown. Recent studies from genome-wide associated studies reveal that genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated not only with human adiposity and metabolic disorders, but also with cancer, a highly obesity-associated disease as well. Data from animal and cellular models further demonstrate that the perturbation of FTO enzymatic activity dysregulates genes related to energy metabolism, causing the malfunction of energy and adipose tissue homeostasis in mice. The most significant advance about FTO research is the recent discovery of FTO as the first N6-methyl-adenosine (m(6)A) RNA demethylase that catalyzes the m(6)A demethylation in α-ketoglutarate - and Fe(2+)-dependent manners. This finding provides the strong evidence that the dynamic and reversible chemical m(6)A modification on RNA may act as a novel epitranscriptomic marker. Furthermore, the FTO protein was observed to be partially localized onto nuclear speckles enriching mRNA processing factors, implying a potential role of FTO in regulating RNA processing. This review summarizes the recent progress about biological functions of FTO through disease-association studies as well as the data from in vitro and in vivo models, and highlights the biochemical features of FTO that might be linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-7 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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21
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Gunasekaran MK, Viranaicken W, Girard AC, Festy F, Cesari M, Roche R, Hoareau L. Inflammation triggers high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in adipose tissue, a potential link to obesity. Cytokine 2013; 64:103-11. [PMID: 23938155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grade inflammation is one of the major metabolic disorders in case of obesity due to variable secretion of adipose derived cytokines called adipokines. Recently the nuclear protein HMGB1 was identified as an inflammatory alarmin in obesity associated diseases. However HMGB1 role in adipose tissue inflammation is not yet studied. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to prove the expression of HMGB1 in human adipose tissue and to assess the levels of expression between normo-weight and obese individuals. Furthermore we determined which type of cells within adipose tissue is involved in HMGB1 production under inflammatory signal. METHODS Western-blot was performed on protein lysates from human normo-weight and obese adipose tissue to study the differential HMGB1 expression. Human normo-weight adipose tissue, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and adipocytes were cultured and stimulated with LPS to induce inflammation. HMGB1, IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion and gene expression were quantified by ELISA and Q-PCR respectively, as well as cell death by LDH assay. HMGB1 translocation during inflammation was tracked down by immunofluorescence in ASCs. RESULTS HMGB1 was expressed 2-fold more in adipose tissue from obese compared to normo-weight individuals. LPS led to an up-regulation in HMGB1 secretion and gene expression in ASCs, while no change was noticed in adipocytes. Moreover, this HMGB1 release was not attributable to any cell death. In LPS-stimulated ASCs, HMGB1 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm was detectable at 12h and the nuclear HMGB1 was completely drained out after 24h of treatment. CONCLUSION The expression level studies between adipose tissue from normo-weight and obese individuals together with in vitro results strongly suggest that adipose tissue secretes HMGB1 in response to inflammatory signals which characterized obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gunasekaran
- Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), University of Reunion Island, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97 490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion
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22
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Karra E, O'Daly OG, Choudhury AI, Yousseif A, Millership S, Neary MT, Scott WR, Chandarana K, Manning S, Hess ME, Iwakura H, Akamizu T, Millet Q, Gelegen C, Drew ME, Rahman S, Emmanuel JJ, Williams SCR, Rüther UU, Brüning JC, Withers DJ, Zelaya FO, Batterham RL. A link between FTO, ghrelin, and impaired brain food-cue responsivity. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3539-51. [PMID: 23867619 DOI: 10.1172/jci44403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) are associated with human obesity and obesity-prone behaviors, including increased food intake and a preference for energy-dense foods. FTO demethylates N6-methyladenosine, a potential regulatory RNA modification, but the mechanisms by which FTO predisposes humans to obesity remain unclear. In adiposity-matched, normal-weight humans, we showed that subjects homozygous for the FTO "obesity-risk" rs9939609 A allele have dysregulated circulating levels of the orexigenic hormone acyl-ghrelin and attenuated postprandial appetite reduction. Using functional MRI (fMRI) in normal-weight AA and TT humans, we found that the FTO genotype modulates the neural responses to food images in homeostatic and brain reward regions. Furthermore, AA and TT subjects exhibited divergent neural responsiveness to circulating acyl-ghrelin within brain regions that regulate appetite, reward processing, and incentive motivation. In cell models, FTO overexpression reduced ghrelin mRNA N6-methyladenosine methylation, concomitantly increasing ghrelin mRNA and peptide levels. Furthermore, peripheral blood cells from AA human subjects exhibited increased FTO mRNA, reduced ghrelin mRNA N6-methyladenosine methylation, and increased ghrelin mRNA abundance compared with TT subjects. Our findings show that FTO regulates ghrelin, a key mediator of ingestive behavior, and offer insight into how FTO obesity-risk alleles predispose to increased energy intake and obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia Karra
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Bravard A, Veilleux A, Disse E, Laville M, Vidal H, Tchernof A, Rieusset J. The expression of FTO in human adipose tissue is influenced by fat depot, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1165-73. [PMID: 23913730 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene is related to obesity, but the regulation of FTO expression in adipose tissue is not fully understood. We investigated FTO expression in paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues (SAT and OAT) from healthy women undergoing gynecological surgeries, and its relation with adiposity and insulin sensitivity. DESIGN AND METHODS FTO expression in SAT of type 2 diabetic patients treated or not with Rosiglitazone was also compared. RESULTS Both the mRNA and protein levels of FTO were higher in OAT from women than in SAT. Only OAT FTO protein levels negatively correlated with BMI and body fat mass, whereas SAT FTO mRNA levels were negatively correlated with subcutaneous fat deposition. In addition, SAT FTO mRNA and protein levels were increased in insulin resistant women (high HOMA) compared to insulin sensitive women (low HOMA), whereas OAT FTO expression was not different between these two subgroups. Interestingly, FTO mRNA levels were increased in SAT of type 2 diabetic patients, and treatment of diabetics with Rosiglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and reduced SAT FTO mRNA levels. Lastly, FTO expression was transiently increased in the early phase of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, which coincides with the induction of PPARγ2 expression. However, partial reduction of FTO did not impact PPARγ2 expression and adipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION Therefore, FTO gene expression is higher in OAT than in SAT in lean to moderately obese women. OAT FTO expression is associated with adiposity, whereas SAT FTO expression is associated with insulin sensitivity. These associations are independent of an effect of FTO on adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bravard
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, Charles Merieux Lyon-Sud Medical School, Lyon, F-69003, France
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24
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Monden M, Koyama H, Otsuka Y, Morioka T, Mori K, Shoji T, Mima Y, Motoyama K, Fukumoto S, Shioi A, Emoto M, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Nishizawa Y, Kurajoh M, Yamamoto T, Inaba M. Receptor for advanced glycation end products regulates adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin sensitivity in mice: involvement of Toll-like receptor 2. Diabetes 2013; 62:478-89. [PMID: 23011593 PMCID: PMC3554382 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been shown to be involved in adiposity as well as atherosclerosis even in nondiabetic conditions. In this study, we examined mechanisms underlying how RAGE regulates adiposity and insulin sensitivity. RAGE overexpression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes using adenoviral gene transfer accelerated adipocyte hypertrophy, whereas inhibitions of RAGE by small interfering RNA significantly decrease adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, double knockdown of high mobility group box-1 and S100b, both of which are RAGE ligands endogenously expressed in 3T3-L1 cells, also canceled RAGE-medicated adipocyte hypertrophy, implicating a fundamental role of ligands-RAGE ligation. Adipocyte hypertrophy induced by RAGE overexpression is associated with suppression of glucose transporter type 4 and adiponectin mRNA expression, attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and insulin-stimulated signaling. Toll-like receptor (Tlr)2 mRNA, but not Tlr4 mRNA, is rapidly upregulated by RAGE overexpression, and inhibition of Tlr2 almost completely abrogates RAGE-mediated adipocyte hypertrophy. Finally, RAGE(-/-) mice exhibited significantly less body weight, epididymal fat weight, epididymal adipocyte size, higher serum adiponectin levels, and higher insulin sensitivity than wild-type mice. RAGE deficiency is associated with early suppression of Tlr2 mRNA expression in adipose tissues. Thus, RAGE appears to be involved in mouse adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin sensitivity, whereas Tlr2 regulation may partly play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Monden
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Corresponding author: Hidenori Koyama,
| | - Yoshiko Otsuka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuhito Shoji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yohei Mima
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koka Motoyama
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shioi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Süsleyici-Duman B, Zengin K, Kayhan FE, Koldemir M, Dağıstanlı FK, Cağatay P, Oztürk M, Taşkın M. FTO mRNA expression in extremely obese and type 2 diabetic human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Obes Surg 2012; 21:1766-73. [PMID: 21598006 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-011-0446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) gene expression is known to correlate with obesity. Our aim was to investigate the FTO gene expression in paired omental and subcutaneous human adipose tissues from morbid and obese patients. To understand the role of CD68-positive macrophages in adipose tissues, the correlation with adiposity parameters such as adipocyte diameter and adipocyte radius was also measured. Drug and adiposity correlations were also analyzed. METHODS Paired omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue were excised during elective surgery from morbidly obese (n = 9) and obese (n = 5) patients. FTO expressions were determined by quantitative PCR. Tissue sections were analyzed for their CD68 protein expressions by immunuhistochemistry. RESULTS Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue FTO gene expression levels were not found to differ significantly among morbidly obese and obese study groups. Serum aspartate aminotransferase e and alanine transaminase levels were found to be in negative correlation with subcutaneous fat tissue FTO expression rate. Antidiabetic drug use was found to be in correlation with adiposity. Both subcutaneous and omental fat cell diameters were found to have correlation with antidiabetic drug use. Omental fat cell diameter was found to enlarge together with omental CD68 protein expression. Subcutaneous macrophage number decreased while omental fat cell radius increased. Omental macrophage number was found in correlation with subcutaneous macrophage number. CONCLUSIONS Antidiabetic therapy was found to increase adiposity in omental and subcutaneous fat. Further research is needed with larger samples to explore the exact role of FTO in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Süsleyici-Duman
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zaina S, Lund G. Integrating genomic and epigenomic information: a promising strategy for identifying functional DNA variants of human disease. Clin Genet 2012; 81:334-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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