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Wu H, Liu Y, Jia Z, Huang S, Ding G, Zhang A, Yu J. Inhibition of RAC attenuates Adriamycin-induced podocyte injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149807. [PMID: 38552554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Minimal Change Disease (MCD), which is associated with podocyte injury, is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. A considerable number of patients experience relapses and require prolonged use of prednisone and immunosuppressants. Multi-drug resistance and frequent relapses can lead to disease progression to focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). To identify potential targets for therapy of podocyte injury, we examined microarray data of mRNAs in glomerular samples from both MCD patients and healthy donors, obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct the protein-protein interactions (PPI) network through the application of the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) tool. The most connected genes in the network were ranked using cytoHubba. 16 hub genes were selected and validated by qRT-PCR. RAC2 was identified as a potential therapeutic target for further investigation. By downregulating RAC2, Adriamycin (ADR)-induced human podocytes (HPCs) injury was attenuated. EHT-1864, a small molecule inhibitor that targets the RAC (RAC1, RAC2, RAC3) family, proved to be more effective than RAC2 silencing in reducing HPCs injury. In conclusion, our research suggests that EHT-1864 may be a promising new molecular drug candidate for patients with MCD and FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujin Liu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Bohovyk R, Khedr S, Levchenko V, Stefanenko M, Semenikhina M, Kravtsova O, Isaeva E, Geurts AM, Klemens CA, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Protease-Activated Receptor 1-Mediated Damage of Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 2023; 72:1795-1808. [PMID: 37722138 PMCID: PMC10658073 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
There is clinical evidence that increased urinary serine proteases are associated with the disease severity in the setting of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Elevation of serine proteases may mediate [Ca2+]i dynamics in podocytes through the protease-activated receptors (PARs) pathway, including associated activation of nonspecific cation channels. Cultured human podocytes and freshly isolated glomeruli were used for fluorescence and immunohistochemistry stainings, calcium imaging, Western blot analysis, scanning ion conductance microscopy, and patch clamp analysis. Goto-Kakizaki, Wistar, type 2 DN (T2DN), and a novel PAR1 knockout on T2DN rat background rats were used to test the importance of PAR1-mediated signaling in DN settings. We found that PAR1 activation increases [Ca2+]i via TRPC6 channels. Both human cultured podocytes exposed to high glucose and podocytes from freshly isolated glomeruli of T2DN rats had increased PAR1-mediated [Ca2+]i compared with controls. Imaging experiments revealed that PAR1 activation plays a role in podocyte morphological changes. T2DN rats exhibited a significantly higher response to thrombin and urokinase. Moreover, the plasma concentration of thrombin in T2DN rats was significantly elevated compared with Wistar rats. T2DNPar1-/- rats were embryonically lethal. T2DNPar1+/- rats had a significant decrease in glomerular damage associated with DN lesions. Overall, these data provide evidence that, during the development of DN, elevated levels of serine proteases promote an excessive [Ca2+]i influx in podocytes through PAR1-TRPC6 signaling, ultimately leading to podocyte apoptosis, the development of albuminuria, and glomeruli damage. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Increased urinary serine proteases are associated with diabetic nephropathy. During the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, the elevation of serine proteases could overstimulate protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). PAR1 signaling is involved in the development of DN via TRPC6-mediated intracellular calcium signaling. This study provides fundamental knowledge that can be used to develop efficient therapeutic approaches targeting serine proteases or corresponding PAR pathways to prevent or slow the progression of diabetes-associated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Bohovyk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Sherif Khedr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Marharyta Semenikhina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Olha Kravtsova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Christine A. Klemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL
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Chaudhuri P, Putta P, Rosenbaum MA, Graham LM. p38 MAPK activation and STIM1-Orai3 association mediate TRPC6 externalization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1199-C1212. [PMID: 37093037 PMCID: PMC10228675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00425.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) migration is critical for the repair of monolayer disruption following angioplasties, but migration is inhibited by lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), which open canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels. TRPC6 activation requires an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), the source of which is unknown. LysoPC can activate phospholipase A2 to release arachidonic acid (ArA). ArA can activate arachidonic acid-regulated calcium (ARC) channels that are formed by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 and Orai3 proteins. Both lysoPC and ArA can activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that induces the phosphorylation required for STIM1-Orai3 association. This is accompanied by an increase in [Ca2+]i and TRPC6 externalization. The effect of lysoPC and ArA is not additive, suggesting activation of the same pathway. The increase in [Ca2+]i activates an Src kinase that leads to TRPC6 activation. Downregulation of Orai3 using siRNA blocks the lysoPC- or ArA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i and TRPC6 externalization and preserves EC migration. These data show that lysoPC induces activation of p38 MAPK, which leads to STIM1-Orai3 association and increased [Ca2+]i. This increase in [Ca2+]i activates an Src kinase leading to TRPC6 externalization, which initiates a cascade of events ending in cytoskeletal changes that disrupt EC migration. Blocking this pathway preserves EC migration in the presence of lipid oxidation products.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The major lysophospholipid component in oxidized LDL, lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), can activate p38 MAP kinase, which in turn promotes externalization of Orai3 and STIM1-Orai3 association, suggesting involvement of arachidonic acid-regulated calcium (ARC) channels. The subsequent increase in intracellular calcium activates an Src kinase required for TRPC6 externalization. TRPC6 activation, which has been shown to inhibit endothelial cell migration, is blocked by p38 MAP kinase or Orai3 downregulation, and this partially preserves endothelial migration in lysoPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Surgical Service, Louis B. Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Priya Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Michael A Rosenbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Surgical Service, Louis B. Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Fu Z, Zhang S, Gu X, Guan T, Wang C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Guo H, Wang L, Zhang T. LDP alleviates TKI-induced proteinuria through reversing the expression of RelA in renal tissues. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1095344. [PMID: 36744132 PMCID: PMC9892181 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1095344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), as an important tumor therapy, can induce severe proteinuria that significantly affects anti-tumor therapy. Existing therapies against proteinuria induced by other etiologies are currently ineffective for TKI-induced proteinuria. It has been shown that various types of proteinuria are related to podocyte damage caused by changes in the RelA signaling pathway. Our experiments confirmed that TKIs activate the renal RelA signaling pathway, and induce death of podocytes and destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier. Here we found that Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LDP) attenuated the inflammatory injury of podocytes through inhibiting activation of RelA, and subsequently relieved TKI-related proteinuria and prevented the progression of TMA and FSGS. Our finding indicated that LDP may be effective for the treatment of TKI-induced proteinuria, which is clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengmeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China,Hua Guo,
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Lu Wang,
| | - Ti Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ti Zhang,
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Src Family Kinases: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Acute Kidney Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070984. [PMID: 35883540 PMCID: PMC9312434 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases and play a key role in regulating signal transduction. The mechanism of SFKs in various tumors has been widely studied, and there are more and more studies on its role in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease with complex pathogenesis, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. In addition, fibrosis has a significant impact on the progression of AKI to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mortality rate of this disease is very high, and there is no effective treatment drug at present. In recent years, some studies have found that SFKs, especially Src, Fyn, and Lyn, are involved in the pathogenesis of AKI. In this paper, the structure, function, and role of SFKs in AKI are discussed. SFKs play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of AKI, making them promising molecular targets for the treatment of AKI.
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6
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Sheth M, Esfandiari L. Bioelectric Dysregulation in Cancer Initiation, Promotion, and Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846917. [PMID: 35359398 PMCID: PMC8964134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is primarily a disease of dysregulation – both at the genetic level and at the tissue organization level. One way that tissue organization is dysregulated is by changes in the bioelectric regulation of cell signaling pathways. At the basis of bioelectricity lies the cellular membrane potential or Vmem, an intrinsic property associated with any cell. The bioelectric state of cancer cells is different from that of healthy cells, causing a disruption in the cellular signaling pathways. This disruption or dysregulation affects all three processes of carcinogenesis – initiation, promotion, and progression. Another mechanism that facilitates the homeostasis of cell signaling pathways is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells. EVs also play a role in carcinogenesis by mediating cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the production and release of EVs is altered in cancer. To this end, the change in cell electrical state and in EV production are responsible for the bioelectric dysregulation which occurs during cancer. This paper reviews the bioelectric dysregulation associated with carcinogenesis, including the TME and metastasis. We also look at the major ion channels associated with cancer and current technologies and tools used to detect and manipulate bioelectric properties of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulee Sheth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Leyla Esfandiari,
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Feng D, Li XR, Wang ZY, Gu NN, Zhang SX, Li CF, Chen Y, Ma ZQ, Lin RC, Zhang HG, Zhao C. Integrated UPLC-MS and Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Active Components and the Potential Mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Decoction for Treating Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:775745. [PMID: 35295738 PMCID: PMC8919777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Yiqi Huoxue Decoction (YQHXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, facilitates diuresis, and alleviates edema. It is composed of 10 herbal medicines and has extensive application in treating nephrotic syndrome (NS). However, the active components and the potential mechanism of YQHXD for treating NS remain unclear. Methods: We set up a sensitive and rapid method based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Mass (UPLC-MS) to identify the compounds in YQHXD and constituents absorbed into the blood. Disease genes were collected through GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM database. Genes of compounds absorbed into blood were predicted by the TCMSP database. We constructed Disease-Drug-Ingredient-Gene (DDIG) network using Cytoscape, established a Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using String, Gene biological process (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using DAVID. Cellular experiments were performed to validate the results of network pharmacology. Result: A total of 233 compounds in YQHXD and 50 constituents absorbed into the blood of rats were identified. The 36 core targets in the PPI network were clustered in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K-AKT) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Luteolin, Wogonin, Formononetin, and Calycosin were top-ranking components as potentially active compounds. Conclusion: The results of our studies show that YQHXD is able to enhance renal function, alleviate podocyte injury, and improve adriamycin nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Ri Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nian-Nian Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao-Feng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Chao Lin, ; Hong-Gui Zhang, ; Chongjun Zhao,
| | - Hong-Gui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Chao Lin, ; Hong-Gui Zhang, ; Chongjun Zhao,
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Chao Lin, ; Hong-Gui Zhang, ; Chongjun Zhao,
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8
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Li W, Ehrich M. Effects of chlorpyrifos on transient receptor potential channels. Toxicol Lett 2022; 358:100-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Sang Y, Tsuji K, Inoue-Torii A, Fukushima K, Kitamura S, Wada J. Semaphorin3A-Inhibitor Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Podocyte Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114099. [PMID: 32521824 PMCID: PMC7312798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is an independent risk factor for the progression of renal diseases. Semaphorin3A (SEMA3A), expressed in podocytes and tubular cells in the mammalian adult kidneys, has been reported to regulate diverse biological functions and be associated with renal diseases. Here, we investigated pathological roles of SEMA3A signaling on podocyte injury using a doxorubicin (Dox)-induced mouse model and examined the therapeutic effect of SEMA3A-inhibitor (SEMA3A-I). We demonstrated that Dox caused massive albuminuria and podocyte apoptosis as well as an increase of SEMA3A expression in podocytes, all of which were ameliorated with SEMA3A-I treatment. In addition, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), known as a downstream of SEMA3A signaling, was activated in Dox-injected mouse podocytes while SEMA3A-I treatment partially blocked the activation. In vitro, SEMA3A-I protected against Dox-induced podocyte apoptosis and recombinant SEMA3A caused podocyte apoptosis with activation of JNK signaling. JNK inhibitor, SP600125, attenuated SEMA3A-induced podocyte apoptosis, indicating that the JNK pathway would be involved in SEMA3A-induced podocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, the analysis of human data revealed a positive correlation between levels of urinary SEMA3A and protein, suggesting that SEMA3A is associated with podocyte injury. In conclusion, SEMA3A has essential roles in podocyte injury and it would be the therapeutic target for protecting from podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shinji Kitamura
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7235; Fax: +81-86-222-5214
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Uddin MJ, Dorotea D, Pak ES, Ha H. Fyn Kinase: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Kidney Injury. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:213-221. [PMID: 32336052 PMCID: PMC7216742 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disease with a complex pathophysiology which significantly contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney failure. Preventing AKI can consequently reduce mortality, morbidity, and healthcare burden. However, there are no effective drugs in use for either prevention or treatment of AKI. Developing therapeutic agents with pleiotropic effects covering multiple pathophysiological pathways are likely to be more effective in attenuating AKI. Fyn, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has been acknowledged to integrate multiple injurious stimuli in the kidney. Limited studies have shown increased Fyn transcription level and activation under experimental AKI. Activated Fyn kinase propagates various downstream signaling pathways associated to the progression of AKI, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as autophagy dysfunction. The versatility of Fyn kinase in mediating various pathophysiological pathways suggests that its inhibition can be a potential strategy in attenuating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Debra Dorotea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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11
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Ni W, Zhou H, Ding H, Tang L. Berberine ameliorates renal impairment and inhibits podocyte dysfunction by targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathway in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:297-306. [PMID: 31336024 PMCID: PMC7078081 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Amelioration of renal impairment is the key to diabetic nephropathy (DN) therapy. The progression of DN is closely related to podocyte dysfunction, but the detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the renal impairment amelioration effect of berberine and related mechanisms targeting podocyte dysfunction under the diabetic state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was used to develop a DN rat model together with a high-glucose/high-lipid diet. Renal functional parameters and glomerular ultrastructure changes were recorded. The alterations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated Akt in the kidney cortex were determined by western blot. Meanwhile, podocyte dysfunction was induced and treated with berberine and LY294002. After that, podocyte adhesion functional parameters, protein biomarker and the alterations of the PI3K-Akt pathway were detected. RESULTS Berberine reduces the increased levels of biochemical indicators, and significantly improves the abnormal expression of PI3K, Akt and phosphorylated Akt in a rat kidney model. In vitro, a costimulating factor could obviously reduce the podocyte adhesion activity, including decreased expression of nephrin, podocin and adhesion molecule α3β1 levels, to induce podocyte dysfunction, and the trends were markedly reversed by berberine and LY294002 therapy. Furthermore, reduction of PI3K and phosphorylated Akt levels were observed in the berberine (30 and 60 μmol/L) and LY294002 (40 μmol/L) treatment group, but the Akt protein expression showed little change. CONCLUSIONS Berberine could be a promising antidiabetic nephropathy drug through ameliorating renal impairment and inhibiting podocyte dysfunction in diabetic rats, and the underlying molecular mechanisms might be involved in the regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Jian Ni
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial Cancer HospitalWest District of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hai‐Hua Ding
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Li‐Qin Tang
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
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12
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Du G, Wang J, Zhang T, Ding Q, Jia X, Zhao X, Dong J, Yang X, Lu S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Zeng Z, Safadi R, Qi R, Zhao X, Hong Z, Lu Y. Targeting Src family kinase member Fyn by Saracatinib attenuated liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32051399 PMCID: PMC7016006 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Src family kinase (SFK) plays important roles in systemic sclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis. However, how SFKs contributed to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Fyn, a member of SFK, in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis, and evaluated the anti-fibrotic effects of Saracatinib, a clinically proven safe Fyn inhibitor. Fyn activation was examined in human normal and fibrotic liver tissues. The roles of Fyn in HSC activation and liver fibrosis were evaluated in HSC cell lines by using Fyn siRNA and in Fyn knockout mice. The effects of Saracatinib on HSC activation and liver fibrosis were determined in primary HSCs and CCl4 induced liver fibrosis model. We showed that the Fyn was activated in the liver of human fibrosis patients. TGF-β induced the activation of Fyn in HSC cell lines. Knockdown of Fyn significantly blocked HSC activation, proliferation, and migration. Fyn deficient mice were resistant to CCl4 induced liver fibrosis. Saracatinib treatment abolished the activation of Fyn, downregulated the Fyn/FAK/N-WASP signaling in HSCs, and subsequently prevented the activation of HSCs. Saracatinib treatment significantly reduced the severity liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in mice. In conclusions, our findings supported the critical role of Fyn in HSC activation and development of liver fibrosis. Fyn could serve as a promising drug target for liver fibrosis treatment. Fyn inhibitor Saracatinib significantly inhibited HSC activation and attenuated liver fibrosis in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Du
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Zhao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinke Dong
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- Hadassah Medical Organization, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruizhao Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixian Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Centre, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The underlining goal of this review is to offer a concise, detailed look into current knowledge surrounding transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RECENT FINDINGS Mutations and over-activation in TRPC6 channel activity lead to the development of glomeruli injury. Angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, and other factors in the setting of DKD stimulate drastic increases in calcium influx through the TRPC6 channel, causing podocyte hypertrophy and foot process effacement. Loss of the podocytes further promote deterioration of the glomerular filtration barrier and play a major role in the development of both albuminuria and the renal injury in DKD. Recent genetic manipulation with TRPC6 channels in various rodent models provide additional knowledge about the role of TRPC6 in DKD and are reviewed here. The TRPC6 channel has a pronounced role in the progression of DKD, with deviations in activity yielding detrimental outcomes. The benefits of targeting TRPC6 or its upstream or downstream signaling pathways in DKD are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
| | - Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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14
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Ge P, Wei L, Zhang M, Hu B, Wang K, Li Y, Liu S, Wang J, Li Y. TRPC1/3/6 inhibition attenuates the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer via the Ras/Raf1/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:975-984. [PMID: 29570903 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Linting Wei
- Department of Nephrology; Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710004 China
| | - Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Baoguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Shuaichen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
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15
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Gao F, He X, Liang S, Liu S, Liu H, He Q, Chen L, Jiang H, Zhang Y. Quercetin ameliorates podocyte injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in DN rats. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35413-35421. [PMID: 35547920 PMCID: PMC9087986 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07935h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to demonstrate that quercetin ameliorates podocyte injury via inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Gao
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xin He
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hua Liu
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Quan He
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Lei Chen
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Nephrology
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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16
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Matoba K, Kawanami D, Nagai Y, Takeda Y, Akamine T, Ishizawa S, Kanazawa Y, Yokota T, Utsunomiya K. Rho-Kinase Blockade Attenuates Podocyte Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081795. [PMID: 28820432 PMCID: PMC5578183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis is a key process in the onset of diabetic nephropathy. A significant body of evidence shows that the Notch signaling pathway plays a central role in this process. We found that Rho-kinase mediates transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced Notch ligand Jag1 expression. Importantly, TGF-β-mediated podocyte apoptosis was attenuated by Rho-kinase inhibition. Mechanistically, Rho-kinase regulated Jag1 induction via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not Smad pathways. Consistently, the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil prevented albuminuria and the urinary excretion of nephrin in db/db mice and reduced the prevalence of podocyte apoptosis and Jag1 expression. Finally, the expression of Jag1 and apoptosis markers such as Bax and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) was decreased in podocytes derived from db/db mice treated with fasudil. The present study provides evidence that Rho-kinase plays a key role in podocyte apoptosis. Rho-kinase is an attractive therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Matoba
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Nagai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takeda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Akamine
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Sho Ishizawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Kanazawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Tamotsu Yokota
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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17
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Park S, Lee S, Park EJ, Kang M, So I, Jeon JH, Chun JN. TGFβ1 induces stress fiber formation through upregulation of TRPC6 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Xie YG, Yu Y, Hou LK, Wang X, Zhang B, Cao XC. FYN promotes breast cancer progression through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1000-6. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Bouron A, Chauvet S, Dryer S, Rosado JA. Second Messenger-Operated Calcium Entry Through TRPC6. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:201-49. [PMID: 27161231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) proteins assemble into heteromultimeric structures forming non-selective cation channels. In addition, many TRPC6-interacting proteins have been identified like some enzymes, channels, pumps, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, immunophilins, or cholesterol-binding proteins, indicating that TRPC6 are engaged into macromolecular complexes. Depending on the cell type and the experimental conditions used, TRPC6 activity has been reported to be controlled by diverse modalities. For instance, the second messenger diacylglycerol, store-depletion, the plant extract hyperforin or H2O2 have all been shown to trigger the opening of TRPC6 channels. A well-characterized consequence of TRPC6 activation is the elevation of the cytosolic concentration of Ca(2+). This latter response can reflect the entry of Ca(2+) through open TRPC6 channels but it can also be due to the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (operating in its reverse mode) or voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (recruited in response to a TRPC6-mediated depolarization). Although TRPC6 controls a diverse array of biological functions in many tissues and cell types, its pathophysiological functions are far from being fully understood. This chapter covers some key features of TRPC6, with a special emphasis on their biological significance in kidney and blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bouron
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,CNRS, iRTSV-LCBM, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvain Chauvet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, iRTSV-LCBM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stuart Dryer
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Departamento de Fisiología, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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20
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Sassoli C, Chellini F, Squecco R, Tani A, Idrizaj E, Nosi D, Giannelli M, Zecchi-Orlandini S. Low intensity 635 nm diode laser irradiation inhibits fibroblast-myofibroblast transition reducing TRPC1 channel expression/activity: New perspectives for tissue fibrosis treatment. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 48:318-32. [PMID: 26660509 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation therapy is emerging as a promising new therapeutic option for fibrosis in different damaged and/or diseased organs. However, the anti-fibrotic potential of this treatment needs to be elucidated and the cellular and molecular targets of the laser clarified. Here, we investigated the effects of a low intensity 635 ± 5 nm diode laser irradiation on fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, a key event in the onset of fibrosis, and elucidated some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were cultured in a low serum medium in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and irradiated with a 635 ± 5 nm diode laser (continuous wave, 89 mW, 0.3 J/cm(2) ). Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation was assayed by morphological, biochemical, and electrophysiological approaches. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and of Tissue inhibitor of MMPs, namely TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, after laser exposure was also evaluated by confocal immunofluorescence analyses. Moreover, the effect of the diode laser on transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC) 1/stretch-activated channel (SAC) expression and activity and on TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling was investigated. RESULTS Diode laser treatment inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition as judged by reduction of stress fibers formation, α-smooth muscle actin (sma) and type-1 collagen expression and by changes in electrophysiological properties such as resting membrane potential, cell capacitance and inwardly rectifying K(+) currents. In addition, the irradiation up-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and downregulated that of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in TGF-β1-treated cells. This laser effect was shown to involve TRPC1/SAC channel functionality. Finally, diode laser stimulation and TRPC1 functionality negatively affected fibroblast-myofibroblast transition by interfering with TGF-β1 signaling, namely reducing the expression of Smad3, the TGF-β1 downstream signaling molecule. CONCLUSION Low intensity irradiation with 635 ± 5 nm diode laser inhibited TGF-β1/Smad3-mediated fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and this effect involved the modulation of TRPC1 ion channels. These data contribute to support the potential anti-fibrotic effect of LLLT and may offer further informations for considering this therapy as a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sassoli
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 63, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Giannelli
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Via dell' Olivuzzo 162, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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21
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MENG YING, LI WEIZHU, SHI YOUWEI, ZHOU BINGFENG, MA RONG, LI WEIPING. Danshensu protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits the apoptosis of H9c2 cells by reducing the calcium overload through the p-JNK-NF-κB-TRPC6 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:258-66. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Das R, Xu S, Nguyen TT, Quan X, Choi SK, Kim SJ, Lee EY, Cha SK, Park KS. Transforming Growth Factor β1-induced Apoptosis in Podocytes via the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1-NADPH Oxidase 4 Axis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30830-42. [PMID: 26565025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.703116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that accumulates during kidney injuries, resulting in various renal diseases. We have reported previously that TGF-β1 induces the selective up-regulation of mitochondrial Nox4, playing critical roles in podocyte apoptosis. Here we investigated the regulatory mechanism of Nox4 up-regulation by mTORC1 activation on TGF-β1-induced apoptosis in immortalized podocytes. TGF-β1 treatment markedly increased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets p70S6K and 4EBP1. Blocking TGF-β receptor I with SB431542 completely blunted the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4EBP1. Transient adenoviral overexpression of mTOR-WT and constitutively active mTORΔ augmented TGF-β1-treated Nox4 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis, whereas mTOR kinase-dead suppressed the above changes. In addition, knockdown of mTOR mimicked the effect of mTOR-KD. Inhibition of mTORC1 by low-dose rapamycin or knockdown of p70S6K protected podocytes through attenuation of Nox4 expression and subsequent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by TGF-β1. Pharmacological inhibition of the MEK-ERK cascade, but not the PI3K-Akt-TSC2 pathway, abolished TGF-β1-induced mTOR activation. Inhibition of either ERK1/2 or mTORC1 did not reduce the TGF-β1-stimulated increase in Nox4 mRNA level but significantly inhibited total Nox4 expression, ROS generation, and apoptosis induced by TGF-β1. Moreover, double knockdown of Smad2 and 3 or only Smad4 completely suppressed TGF-β1-induced ERK1/2-mTORactivation. Our data suggest that TGF-β1 increases translation of Nox4 through the Smad-ERK1/2-mTORC1 axis, which is independent of transcriptional regulation. Activation of this pathway plays a crucial role in ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to podocyte apoptosis. Therefore, inhibition of the ERK1/2-mTORC1 pathway could be a potential therapeutic and preventive target in proteinuric and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Das
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Shanhua Xu
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Tuyet Thi Nguyen
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Xianglan Quan
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Seong-Kyung Choi
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Eun Young Lee
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 330-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea and
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23
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ZHANG HONGXIA, MAO XING, SUN YU, HU RUIMIN, LUO WEILI, ZHAO ZHONGHUA, CHEN QI, ZHANG ZHIGANG. NF-κB upregulates ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 in diseased podocytes in glomerulonephritis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2893-901. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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24
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Smad3/Nox4-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocyte damage. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2979-91. [PMID: 25229402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte depletion due to apoptosis is the key hallmark of proteinuric kidney disease progression. Recently, several studies reported that mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction is involved in podocyte injury, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigated the potential proximal signaling related to in vitro and in vivo mitochondrial dysfunction in a puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)-induced podocyte injury model. PA time- and dose-dependently resulted in cultured mouse podocyte damage, presenting with an increase of apoptotic cells and induction of activated caspase3/9. PA also caused mitochondrial damage and dysfunction based on the downregulation of the mtDNA level, decrease of transcriptional factors mtTfa and Nrf-1, decrease of CoxI, II and IV, and reduction of the oxygen consumption level and mitochondrial membrane potential level as well as excessive production of cellular ROS. Additionally, antioxidant MnSOD and catalase levels were decreased in mitochondrial fractions, and reduction of complex I and IV activity was also observed in PA-stimulated podocytes. Furthermore, an obvious translocation of p-Smad3 from the cytosol to nuclei and induction of mitochondrial Nox4 were detected following PA application. The PA-induced shift of cytochrome c was observed from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Induction of Nox4 by PA administration was significantly repressed by Smad3-shRNA, while Nox4-shRNA showed no effect on PA-induced p-Smad3 activation. Notably, both Smad3 and Nox4 silencing significantly prevented the reduction of the mtDNA level, restored mitochondrial function, and decreased cellular apoptosis in PA-stimulated podocytes. A similar mitochondrial dysfunction was obtained in a PA-injected nephropathy rat, which was effectively inhibited by treatment with the antiproteinuric drug prednisone. In addition, Dab2 knockdown decreased albumin uptake and influx whereas it showed no effect on cellular apoptosis in PA-stimulated podocytes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that Smad3-Nox4 axis-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in PA-induced podocyte damage likely via increasing ROS generation and activating the cytochrome c-caspase9-caspase3 apoptotic signaling pathway. Dab2 may be required for the increased permeability of podocytes following injury.
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25
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Lang F, Stournaras C. Ion channels in cancer: future perspectives and clinical potential. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130108. [PMID: 24493756 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion transport across the cell membrane mediated by channels and carriers participate in the regulation of tumour cell survival, death and motility. Moreover, the altered regulation of channels and carriers is part of neoplastic transformation. Experimental modification of channel and transporter activity impacts tumour cell survival, proliferation, malignant progression, invasive behaviour or therapy resistance of tumour cells. A wide variety of distinct Ca(2+) permeable channels, K(+) channels, Na(+) channels and anion channels have been implicated in tumour growth and metastasis. Further experimental information is, however, needed to define the specific role of individual channel isoforms critically important for malignancy. Compelling experimental evidence supports the assumption that the pharmacological inhibition of ion channels or their regulators may be attractive targets to counteract tumour growth, prevent metastasis and overcome therapy resistance of tumour cells. This short review discusses the role of Ca(2+) permeable channels, K(+) channels, Na(+) channels and anion channels in tumour growth and metastasis and the therapeutic potential of respective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, , Gmelinstrasse 5, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Abstract
Cell shrinkage is a hallmark and contributes to signaling of apoptosis. Apoptotic cell shrinkage requires ion transport across the cell membrane involving K(+) channels, Cl(-) or anion channels, Na(+)/H(+) exchange, Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) cotransport, and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase. Activation of K(+) channels fosters K(+) exit with decrease of cytosolic K(+) concentration, activation of anion channels triggers exit of Cl(-), organic osmolytes, and HCO3(-). Cellular loss of K(+) and organic osmolytes as well as cytosolic acidification favor apoptosis. Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels may result in apoptosis by affecting mitochondrial integrity, stimulating proteinases, inducing cell shrinkage due to activation of Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels, and triggering cell-membrane scrambling. Signaling involved in the modification of cell-volume regulatory ion transport during apoptosis include mitogen-activated kinases p38, JNK, ERK1/2, MEKK1, MKK4, the small G proteins Cdc42, and/or Rac and the transcription factor p53. Osmosensing involves integrin receptors, focal adhesion kinases, and tyrosine kinase receptors. Hyperosmotic shock leads to vesicular acidification followed by activation of acid sphingomyelinase, ceramide formation, release of reactive oxygen species, activation of the tyrosine kinase Yes with subsequent stimulation of CD95 trafficking to the cell membrane. Apoptosis is counteracted by mechanisms involved in regulatory volume increase (RVI), by organic osmolytes, by focal adhesion kinase, and by heat-shock proteins. Clearly, our knowledge on the interplay between cell-volume regulatory mechanisms and suicidal cell death is still far from complete and substantial additional experimental effort is needed to elucidate the role of cell-volume regulatory mechanisms in suicidal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zhang YJ, Tian ZL, Yu XY, Zhao XX, Yao L. Activation of integrin β1-focal adhesion kinase-RasGTP pathway plays a critical role in TGF beta1-induced podocyte injury. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2769-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Das R, Xu S, Quan X, Nguyen TT, Kong ID, Chung CH, Lee EY, Cha SK, Park KS. Upregulation of mitochondrial Nox4 mediates TGF-β-induced apoptosis in cultured mouse podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 306:F155-67. [PMID: 24259511 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00438.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to podocytes leads to the onset of chronic renal diseases characterized by proteinuria. Elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in kidney tissue is associated with podocyte damage that ultimately results in apoptosis and detachment. We investigated the proapoptotic mechanism of TGF-β in immortalized mouse podocytes. Exogenous TGF-β1-induced podocyte apoptosis through caspase-3 activation, which was related to elevated ROS levels generated by selective upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4). In mouse podocytes, Nox4 was predominantly localized to mitochondria, and Nox4 upregulation by TGF-β1 markedly depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. TGF-β1-induced ROS production and caspase activation were mitigated by an antioxidant, the Nox inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, or small interfering RNA for Nox4. A TGF-β receptor I blocker, SB-431542, completely reversed the changes triggered by TGF-β1. Knockdown of either Smad2 or Smad3 prevented the increase of Nox4 expression, ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3 activation by TGF-β1. These results suggest that TGF-β1-induced mitochondrial Nox4 upregulation via the TGF-β receptor-Smad2/3 pathway is responsible for ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, which may at least in part contribute to the development and progression of proteinuric glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Das
- Dept. of Physiology and Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Yonsei Univ. Wonju College of Medicine, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 220-701, Republic of Korea.
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Roles of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels and reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger on cell proliferation in human cardiac fibroblasts: effects of transforming growth factor β1. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:213-25. [PMID: 23827314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Expression of transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPC) and the effects of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on Ca2+ signals and fibroblast proliferation were investigated in human cardiac fibroblasts. The conventional and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, western blot, immunocytochemical analysis, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i measurement were applied. Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were assessed using MTT assays and fluorescence activated cell sorting. Human cardiac fibroblasts have the expression of TRPC1,3,4,6 mRNA and proteins. 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) and thapsigargin induced extracellular Ca(2+)-mediated [Ca2+]i rise. siRNA for knock down of TRPC6 reduced OAG-induced Ca2+ entry. Hyperforin as well as angiotensin II (Ang II) induced Ca2+ entry. KB-R7943, a reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor, and/or replacement of Na+ with NMDG+ inhibited thapsigargin-, OAG- and Ang II-induced Ca2+ entry. Treatment with TGF-β1 increased thapsigargin-, OAG- and Ang II-induced Ca2+ entry with an enhancement of TRPC1,6 protein expression, suppressed by KB-R7943. TGF-β1 and AngII promoted cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S/G2/M and cell proliferation. A decrease of the extracellular Ca2+ and KB-R7943 suppressed it. Human cardiac fibroblasts contain several TRPC-mediated Ca2+ influx pathways, which activate the reverse-mode NCX. TGF-β1 enhances the Ca2+ influx pathways requiring Ca2+ signals for its effect on fibroblast proliferation.
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Zhang H, Sun Y, Hu R, Luo W, Mao X, Zhao Z, Chen Q, Zhang Z. The regulation of the UCH-L1 gene by transcription factor NF-κB in podocytes. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1574-85. [PMID: 23567262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In kidney, the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCH-L1) is involved in podocyte injury and proteinuria but details of the mechanism underlying its regulation are not known. Activation of NF-κB is thought to be the predominant risk factor for kidney disease; therefore, it is postulated that UCH-L1 may be one of the NF-κB target genes. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NF-κB activation in the regulation of UCH-L1 expression and the function of murine podocytes. Stimulation of podocytes with the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β up-regulated UCH-L1 expression rapidly at the mRNA and protein levels and the NF-κB-specific inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate resulted in down-regulation. NF-κB up-regulates UCH-L1 via binding the --300 bp and --109 bp sites of its promoter, which was confirmed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay of DNA-nuclear protein binding. In the renal biopsy from lupus nephritis patients, the expressions of NF-κB and UCH-L1 increased in immunohistochestry staining and were positively correlated. Activation of NF-κB up-regulates UCH-L1 expression following changing of other podocytes molecules, such as nephrin and snail. These results suggest that activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway could be the major pathogenesis to up-regulate UCH-L1 in podocyte injury, followed by the turnover of other molecules, which might result in morphological changes and dysfunction of podocytes. This work help us to understand the effect of NF-κB on specific target molecules of podocytes, and suggest that targeting the NF-κB-UCH-L1 interaction could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of podocyte lesions and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Yu L, Lin Q, Feng J, Dong X, Chen W, Liu Q, Ye J. Inhibition of nephrin activation by c-mip through Csk–Cbp–Fyn axis plays a critical role in Angiotensin II-induced podocyte damage. Cell Signal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xie X, Zhu L, Fu Z, Guo X, Wang K, Hu X, Chen J. Low molecular weight heparin inhibits circulating fibrocytes differentiation by modulating neuronal nitric oxide synthase and TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012. [PMID: 23207953 DOI: 10.1159/000343334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Circulating fibrocytes (CFs) have been placed at the center of a number of fibrosing conditions. Recently, attention has been drawn to the non-anticoagulant activities of low molecular weight heparin (LH), especially its anti-fibrotic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LH on CFs differentiation and possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS/RESULTS CFs were cultured from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and identified by dual-immunofluorescence staining. Incubation with LH inhibited CFs trans-differentiation by upregulating CD34 and downregulating pro-Collagen I and a-SMA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, all of which were detected by flow cytometry. Similar effects were observed after incubation with L-NAME, an inhibitor of NOS. NO production was measured by Griess methods and markedly decreased in CFs treated with LH. Three NOS isoforms were assessed by western blot and nNOS was the predominant isoform involved in this process. Additionally, LH and L-NAME had similar down-regulating effects on the expression of TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3, which indicated that TGF-β/Smad pathway might be a downstream signaling of nNOS/NO during LH treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggested that LH could exhibit anti-fibrotic effects by inhibiting CFs transdifferentiation, in which the involvement of nNOS/NO and TGF-β/Smad pathway were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wnuk M, Hlushchuk R, Janot M, Tuffin G, Martiny-Baron G, Holzer P, Imbach-Weese P, Djonov V, Huynh-Do U. Podocyte EphB4 signaling helps recovery from glomerular injury. Kidney Int 2012; 81:1212-25. [PMID: 22398409 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands (ephrins) have a pivotal role in the homeostasis of many adult organs and are widely expressed in the kidney. Glomerular diseases beginning with mesangiolysis can recover, with podocytes having a critical role in this healing process. We studied here the role of Eph signaling in glomerular disease recovery following mesangiolytic Thy1.1 nephritis in rats. EphB4 and ephrinBs were expressed in healthy glomerular podocytes and were upregulated during Thy1.1 nephritis, with EphB4 strongly phosphorylated around day 9. Treatment with NPV-BHG712, an inhibitor of EphB4 phosphorylation, did not cause glomerular changes in control animals. Nephritic animals treated with vehicle did not have morphological evidence of podocyte injury or loss; however, application of this inhibitor to nephritic rats induced glomerular microaneurysms, podocyte damage, and loss. Prolonged NPV-BHG712 treatment resulted in increased albuminuria and dysregulated mesangial recovery. Additionally, NPV-BHG712 inhibited capillary repair by intussusceptive angiogenesis (an alternative to sprouting angiogenesis), indicating a previously unrecognized role of podocytes in regulating intussusceptive vessel splitting. Thus, our results identify EphB4 signaling as a pathway allowing podocytes to survive transient capillary collapse during glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wnuk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern Medical School, Bern, Switzerland
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