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Laudanski K, Okeke T, Hajj J, Siddiq K, Rader DJ, Wu J, Susztak K. Longitudinal urinary biomarkers of immunological activation in covid-19 patients without clinically apparent kidney disease versus acute and chronic failure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19675. [PMID: 34608231 PMCID: PMC8490434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney function is affected in COVID-19, while kidney itself modulates the immune response. Here, hypothesize if COVID-19 urine biomarkers level can assess immune activation vs. clinical trajectory. Considering the kidney's critical role in modulating the immune response, we sought to analyze activation markers in patients with pre-existing dysfunction. This was a cross-sectional study of 68 patients. Blood and urine were collected within 48 h of hospital admission (H1), followed by 96 h (H2), seven days (H3), and up to 25 days (H4) from admission. Serum level ferritin, procalcitonin, IL-6 assessed immune activation overall, while the response to viral burden was gauged with serum level of spike protein and αspike IgM and IgG. 39 markers correlated highly between urine and blood. Age and race, and to a lesser extend gender, differentiated several urine markers. The burden of pre-existing conditions correlated with urine DCN, CAIX and PTN, but inversely with IL-5 or MCP-4. Higher urinary IL-12 and lower CAIX, CCL23, IL-15, IL-18, MCP-1, MCP-3, MUC-16, PD-L1, TNFRS12A, and TNFRS21 signified non-survivors. APACHE correlated with urine TNFRS12, PGF, CAIX, DCN, CXCL6, and EGF. Admission urine LAG-3 and IL-2 predicted death. Pre-existing kidney disease had a unique pattern of urinary inflammatory markers. Acute kidney injury was associated, and to a certain degree, predicted by IFNg, TWEAK, MMP7, and MUC-16. Remdesavir had a more profound effect on the urine biomarkers than steroids. Urinary biomarkers correlated with clinical status, kidney function, markers of the immune system activation, and probability of demise in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute for Healthcare Economics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Tony Okeke
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihane Hajj
- School of Nursing, Widener University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumal Siddiq
- College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junnan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Giamougiannis P, Morais CLM, Rodriguez B, Wood NJ, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. Detection of ovarian cancer (± neo-adjuvant chemotherapy effects) via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: comparative analysis of blood and urine biofluids in a large patient cohort. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5095-5107. [PMID: 34195877 PMCID: PMC8405472 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy, as its timely detection at early stages remains elusive. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy of biofluids has been previously applied in pilot studies for ovarian cancer diagnosis, with promising results. Herein, these initial findings were further investigated by application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in a large patient cohort. Spectra were obtained by measurements of blood plasma and serum, as well as urine, from 116 patients with ovarian cancer and 307 patients with benign gynaecological conditions. A preliminary chemometric analysis revealed significant spectral differences in ovarian cancer patients without previous chemotherapy (n = 71) and those who had received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy-NACT (n = 45), so these groups were compared separately with benign controls. Classification algorithms with blind predictive model validation demonstrated that serum was the best biofluid, achieving 76% sensitivity and 98% specificity for ovarian cancer detection, whereas urine exhibited poor performance. A drop in sensitivities for the NACT ovarian cancer group in plasma and serum indicates the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to identify chemotherapy-related spectral changes. Comparisons of regression coefficient plots for identification of biomarkers suggest that glycoproteins (such as CA125) are the main classifiers for ovarian cancer detection and responsible for smaller differences in spectra between NACT patients and benign controls. This study confirms the capacity of biofluids' ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (mainly blood serum) to diagnose ovarian cancer with high accuracy and demonstrates its potential in monitoring response to chemotherapy, which is reported for the first time. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of blood serum achieves good segregation of ovarian cancers from benign controls, with attenuation of differences following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giamougiannis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Brice Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Pierre L Martin-Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
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Kondapi K, Silambanan S, Moorthy S, Kumar NL. A Study of the Risk Factors and Urinary Podocin as an Early Prognostic Indicator of Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Assoc Physicians India 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34472785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of diabetic nephropathy demands an early detection aiming to decrease the incidence of end stage renal incidence. Podocyte injury is an essential element in the diabetic renal disease occurrence and progression. We attempted to identify podocyte markers in the urine of patients with and without overt diabetic nephropathy, in comparison with controls to diagnose early podocyte injury. METHODS The study included Type 2 Diabetic individuals with 45 of them having normoalbuminuria, 40 patients with microalbuminuria and 40 of them with macroalbuminuria (based on the albumin-creatinine ratio - ACR) and 45 non diabetic healthy controls from a medical college hospital from South India. Urinary podocin quantification was done among all these patients and compared among the different groups of study, along with other parameters. RESULTS The fasting blood sugar, post prandial sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, triglyceride levels and the duration of diabetes along with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, all seemed to be strong risk factors for the diabetic kidney disease progression showing a significant correlation with microalbumin, glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-creatinine ratio. Podocin was excreted in the urine at higher concentrations among patients with ACR less than 30, ACR 30-299 and ACR more than 300 compared to healthy controls respectively (p < 0.001). The glomerular filtration rate showed significant negative correlation with the levels of podocin excreted in urine whereas urinary podocin positively correlated with the fasting blood sugar, post prandial sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, triglyceride levels and the duration of diabetes along with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, microalbumin and urine albumin-creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION The urinary podocin can serve as an early marker for diabetic nephropathy as well as a marker of disease progression and severity among the patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The standard risk factors have to be identified early and controlled inorder to slow down the progression of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kondapi
- Lecturer, GSL Medical College and Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh
| | - Santhi Silambanan
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Swathy Moorthy
- Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Corresponding Author
| | - N Lakshmana Kumar
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, GSL Medical College and Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh
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Siwińska N, Pasławska U, Bąchor R, Szczepankiewicz B, Żak A, Grocholska P, Szewczuk Z. Evaluation of podocin in urine in horses using qualitative and quantitative methods. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240586. [PMID: 33057359 PMCID: PMC7561189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
No sensitive method for diagnosing early kidney dysfunction in horses has been identified so far. Many studies carried out in humans and small animals show that podocin can be useful to diagnose various kidney diseases, mainly affecting the glomeruli. The aim of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of podocin in urine samples obtained from healthy horses, horses with clinical kidney dysfunction and horses at risk of acute kidney injury. The study objectives aimed to assess: (1) whether the selected podocin tryptic peptide for LC-MS-MRM allows for podocin detection in horse; and (2) whether the species-specific ELISA test makes this detection possible as well;, (3) whether the chosen methods are sensitive enough to detect kidney dysfunction and glomerular injury, (4) whether the results of the tests applying both methods correspond with one another, (5) whether the results correlate with the hematological and biochemical data. The signals that may indicate the presence of trypsin fragments of podocin were found in three healthy horses, all the horses diagnosed with kidney dysfunction and half of the animals at risk for acute kidney injury. The concentration of podocin, diagnosed with the ELISA test was as follows: from 0.19 to 1.2 ng/ml in healthy animals, from 0.19 to 20.0 ng/ml in AKI horses, from 0.29 to 5.71 ng/ml in horses at risk for acute kidney injury. The results of both methods corresponded significantly. Podocin may be a potential biomarker of clinical kidney disease in horses and may be used in the detection of glomerular injury. However, its use is limited by the possibility of physiological podocyturia. LC-MS-MRM seems to be a more sensitive method to evaluate the presence of podocin than the ELISA test, whilst selected tryptic peptides of podocin appear to apply to horses. The ELISA test showed greater effectiveness in excluding the disease than in confirming it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Siwińska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Pasławska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żak
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Bąchor R, Gąszczyk D, Panek-Laszczyńska K, Konieczny A, Witkiewicz W, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z. Detection of Podocin in Human Urine Sediment Samples by Charge Derivatization and LC-MS-MRM Method. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093225. [PMID: 32370166 PMCID: PMC7247335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of podocytes in urine might serve as a useful diagnostic tool in both primary and secondary glomerular diseases. The utility of podocyturia has been confirmed for both pre-eclampsia and glomerulonephritis. Here, we present a new and sensitive method for qualitative LC-MS-multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) analysis of podocin, serving as a podocyturia biomarker in urine sediments. The following podocin tryptic peptides with the 169LQTLEIPFHEIVTK182, 213AVQFLVQTTMK223, 240SIAQDAK246, and 292MIAAEAEK299 sequences were applied as a model. The selective chemical derivatization of the ε amino group of C-terminal lysine residue in tryptic peptides, by 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium salt (TPP) as a fixed charge tag, was employed to increase the ionization efficiency, in routine ESI-MS analysis. Additionally, the generation of a reporter ion, in the form of a protonated 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium cation, makes the derivatized peptide analysis in the MRM mode unambiguous. Identification of derivatized and non-derivatized peptides were performed, and the obtained results suggest that the peptide with the 292MIAAEAEK299 sequence may serve as a marker of podocyturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Bąchor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.G.); (P.S.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-7218; Fax: +48-71-328-2348
| | - Dorota Gąszczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.G.); (P.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Karolina Panek-Laszczyńska
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Konieczny
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.G.); (P.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.G.); (P.S.); (Z.S.)
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Szczepankiewicz B, Bąchor R, Pasławski R, Siwińska N, Pasławska U, Konieczny A, Szewczuk Z. Evaluation of Tryptic Podocin Peptide in Urine Sediment Using LC-MS-MRM Method as a Potential Biomarker of Glomerular Injury in Dogs with Clinical Signs of Renal and Cardiac Disorders. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173088. [PMID: 31454880 PMCID: PMC6749423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The early asymptomatic stage of glomerular injury is a diagnostic challenge in the course of renal and extra-renal disease, e.g., heart insufficiency. It was found that podocin, a podocyte-specific protein present in the urine, may serve as a biomarker in the diagnosis of glomerular disease in humans and animals including glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis, or nephropathy. Therefore, there is a need of development of the sensitive and straightforward method of urinary podocin identification. In this work, we report our extended research under the glomerular injury investigation in dogs by application of clinical examination and LC-MS-MRM method in the identification of canine podocin in urine samples. The LC-MS-MRM method is based on the identification of podocin tryptic peptide with the 218H-AAEILAATPAAVQLR-OH232 sequence. The model peptide was characterized by the highest ionization efficiency of all the proposed model podocin tryptic peptides in a canine urine sediment according to the LC-MS/MS analysis. The obtained results revealed the presence of the model peptide in 40.9% of dogs with MMVD (active glomerular injury secondary to heart disease = cardiorenal syndrome-CRS) and 33.3% dogs with chronic kidney disease. The potential applicability of the developed methodology in the analysis of podocin in canine urine sediments was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Remigiusz Bąchor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Pasławski
- Veterinary Centre Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwińska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Pasławska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
- Veterinary Centre Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej Konieczny
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Liu W, Woolbright BL, Pirani K, Didde R, Abbott E, Kaushik G, Martin P, Hamilton-Reeves J, Taylor JA, Holzbeierlein JM, Anant S, Lee EK. Tumor M2-PK: A novel urine marker of bladder cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218737. [PMID: 31246990 PMCID: PMC6597081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer is a "Warburg-like" tumor characterized by a reliance on aerobic glycolysis and expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). PKM2 oscillates between an active tetramer and an inactive dimer. We aim to further characterize PKM2, in particular PKM2 dimer, as a urinary biomarker of bladder cancer and a potential target for treatment. METHODS HTB-9, HTB-5, and UM-UC3 bladder cancer cells were assessed for proliferation under differential glucose levels using the hexosaminidase assay. Western blot and Blue-native analysis was performed for protein expression of PKM2. Shikonin, an herb that is known to bind and inhibit PKM2, was utilized to determine if PKM2 has a role in glucose usage and cellular proliferation in bladder cancer cells by caspase activity assay. Institutional review board approval was obtained to collect healthy control and bladder cancer patient urine samples. The ScheBo M2-PK EDTA Plasma Test was performed on urine samples to assess urine Tumor M2-PK values. RESULTS The three bladder cancer cell lines tested all demonstrate statistically significant increases in proliferation when exposed to higher level of glucose (200mg/dL). Similarly, low doses of glucose (25mg/dL) result in reduced proliferation. Increased cell growth in higher glucose concentration correlated with up-regulation of PKM2 protein expression. Shikonin, a PKM2 inhibitor, reduced cell proliferation and switched PKM2 isoforms from the dimer to tetramer. Lastly, dimer PKM2 (Tumor-M2PK) levels were assessed in the urine samples from bladder cancer (Bca) patients and healthy controls. Tumor M2-PK significantly correlated with the presence of BCa in our subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate the potential of PKM2, specifically the dimer (Tumor-M2PK) as a target of drug therapy and as a urinary marker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. Woolbright
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Karim Pirani
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ryan Didde
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Erika Abbott
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Paige Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - John A. Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Eugene K. Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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Yuvashree M, Gokulakannan R, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Enhanced Therapeutic Potency of Nanoemulsified Garlic Oil Blend Towards Renal Abnormalities in Pre-diabetic Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:338-356. [PMID: 30450513 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potency of ultrasonic nanoemulsified garlic oil blend using a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) was assessed on pre-diabetic Wistar rats with microalbuminuria. The pre-diabetic condition was induced in male albino Wistar rats by supplementing high-fat diet. The prolonged period of the pre-diabetic state caused renal dysfunctioning, which was indicated by microalbuminuria. Treatment of pre-diabetic rats with nanoemulsified garlic oil blend significantly ameliorated the lipid profile (p < 0.001), urinary albumin (p < 0.01), microprotein (p < 0.001), urinary triglycerides (p < 0.01), serum triglycerides (p < 0.01), serum albumin (p < 0.05), and protein levels (p < 0.01) in comparison to treatment of pre-diabetic rats with garlic oil blend or atorvastatin. Similarly, histopathological investigations indicated a remarkable attenuation in the mesangial expansion and proliferation, glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening, and the tubular lipid deposits on administering nanoemulsified garlic oil blend than garlic oil blend or atorvastatin. Moreover, nanoemulsified garlic oil blend significantly promoted renal podocin gene expression by 3.98-fold (p < 0.001) and attenuated increased urinary podocin level by 2.92-fold (p < 0.01). Thus, our study affirms that the efficacy of garlic oil blend was augmented upon nanoemulsification, which substantially ameliorated the renal abnormalities observed in the pre-diabetic condition than garlic oil blend or atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidaran Yuvashree
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Ragavan Gokulakannan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantrinagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
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Gu S, Shen H, Zhou Y, Ni J, Zheng T, Mou Z, Hua X. Tetramethylpyrazine reduces the consequences of nitric oxide inhibition in pregnant rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19799-19806. [PMID: 30937928 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is closely associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and we want to investigate tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)'s effects on PE. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal pregnant (PC), PE, PE+TMP 20 mg/kg, PE+TMP 40 mg/kg, and PE+TMP 60 mg/kg group. The PE rat model was established via L-NAME treatment. Systolic blood pressures (SBP) and urinary protein concentration were detected via the tail-cuff method and CBB kit, respectively. mRNA levels of key genes were analyzed via quantitative PCR and protein levels of key genes were measured by ELISA or western blot. TMP decreased SBP and urinary protein concentration of PE rats. TMP inhibited L-NAME-induced decrease in pups alive ratio, pups weight, and the ratio of pups/placenta weight and reversed L-NAME induced changes in placental histology, whereas it had little effect on placental weight. Urinary nephrin and podocin expressions were enhanced and serum placental growth factor level was decreased in PE rats, whereas TMP inhibited the above phenomena. TMP suppressed L-NAME-induced sFlt-1 upregulation in serums and kidneys of PE rats, whereas it downregulated IL-6 and MCP-1 expression in PE rats' serums, placentas and kidneys. TMP also suppressed the increase in placental sFlt-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor level caused by L-NAME. In addition, TMP inhibited CHOP and GRP78 expressions and decreased the ratio of p-elF2α/elF2α in PE rats. TMP attenuated the consequences of NO inhibition in pregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxiang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqian Mou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Ding F, Wickman L, Wang SQ, Zhang Y, Wang F, Afshinnia F, Hodgin J, Ding J, Wiggins RC. Accelerated podocyte detachment and progressive podocyte loss from glomeruli with age in Alport Syndrome. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1515-1525. [PMID: 28754557 PMCID: PMC5696060 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte depletion is a common mechanism driving progression in glomerular diseases. Alport Syndrome glomerulopathy, caused by defective α3α4α5 (IV) collagen heterotrimer production by podocytes, is associated with an increased rate of podocyte detachment detectable in urine and reduced glomerular podocyte number suggesting that defective podocyte adherence to the glomerular basement membrane might play a role in driving progression. Here a genetically phenotyped Alport Syndrome cohort of 95 individuals [urine study] and 41 archived biopsies [biopsy study] were used to test this hypothesis. Podocyte detachment rate (measured by podocin mRNA in urine pellets expressed either per creatinine or 24-hour excretion) was significantly increased 11-fold above control, and prior to a detectably increased proteinuria or microalbuminuria. In parallel, Alport Syndrome glomeruli lose an average 26 podocytes per year versus control glomeruli that lose 2.3 podocytes per year, an 11-fold difference corresponding to the increased urine podocyte detachment rate. Podocyte number per glomerulus in Alport Syndrome biopsies is projected to be normal at birth (558/glomerulus) but accelerated podocyte loss was projected to cause end-stage kidney disease by about 22 years. Biopsy data from two independent cohorts showed a similar estimated glomerular podocyte loss rate comparable to the measured 11-fold increase in podocyte detachment rate. Reduction in podocyte number and density in biopsies correlated with proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and reduced renal function. Thus, the podocyte detachment rate appears to be increased from birth in Alport Syndrome, drives the progression process, and could potentially help predict time to end-stage kidney disease and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Larysa Wickman
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Su Q Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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11
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Vlad A, Vlad M, Petrica L, Ursoniu S, Gadalean F, Popescu R, Vlad D, Dumitrascu V, Gluhovschi G, Gluhovschi C, Velciov S, Bob F, Matusz P, Secara A, Simulescu A, Jianu DC. Therapy with atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin reduces urinary podocytes, podocyte-associated molecules, and proximal tubule dysfunction biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. Ren Fail 2017; 39:112-119. [PMID: 27841047 PMCID: PMC6014491 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1254657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of Type 2 diabetes. Tubular lesions may play an important role in its early stages. The aim of our study was to determine if atorvastatin protects the podocytes and the proximal tubule in patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 63 patients with Type 2 diabetes completed this 6-months prospective pilot study. They were randomized to continue rosuvastatin therapy (control group) or to be administered an equipotent dose of atorvastatin (intervention group), and were assessed regarding urinary podocytes, podocyte-associated molecules, and biomarkers of proximal tubule dysfunction. RESULTS The patients from the intervention group presented a significant reduction in podocyturia (from 7.0 to 4.0 cells/ml, p < .05), urinary nephrin (from 1.7 to 1.3 mg/g, p < .001), urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (from 262.8 to 256.9, p < .01), urinary alpha1-microglobulin (from 10.0 to 8.3 mg/g, p < .01), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (from 139.5 to 136.3 ng/g, p < .001), and urinary advanced glycation end-products (from 112.6 to 101.3 pg/ml, p < .001). Podocyturia correlated directly with the podocyte damage biomarkers, proximal tubule dysfunction biomarkers, albumin to creatinine ratio, and advanced glycation end-products, and inversely with the glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS In patients with Type 2 diabetes, atorvastatin exerts favorable effects on the kidney. There is a correlation between the evolution of the podocytes and of the proximal tubule biomarkers, supporting the hypothesis that the glomerular changes parallel proximal tubule dysfunction in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Vlad
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Vlad
- Department of Endocrinology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Department of Public Health Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Department of Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrascu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Gluhovschi
- Department of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gluhovschi
- Department of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Velciov
- Department of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Petru Matusz
- Department of Anatomy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Secara
- Department of Nephrology, “Pius Brinzeu”, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Simulescu
- Department of Nephrology, “Pius Brinzeu”, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Department of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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12
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Matoba K, Kawanami D, Nagai Y, Takeda Y, Akamine T, Ishizawa S, Kanazawa Y, Yokota T, Utsunomiya K. Rho-Kinase Blockade Attenuates Podocyte Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081795. [PMID: 28820432 PMCID: PMC5578183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis is a key process in the onset of diabetic nephropathy. A significant body of evidence shows that the Notch signaling pathway plays a central role in this process. We found that Rho-kinase mediates transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced Notch ligand Jag1 expression. Importantly, TGF-β-mediated podocyte apoptosis was attenuated by Rho-kinase inhibition. Mechanistically, Rho-kinase regulated Jag1 induction via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not Smad pathways. Consistently, the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil prevented albuminuria and the urinary excretion of nephrin in db/db mice and reduced the prevalence of podocyte apoptosis and Jag1 expression. Finally, the expression of Jag1 and apoptosis markers such as Bax and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) was decreased in podocytes derived from db/db mice treated with fasudil. The present study provides evidence that Rho-kinase plays a key role in podocyte apoptosis. Rho-kinase is an attractive therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Matoba
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Nagai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takeda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Akamine
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Sho Ishizawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Kanazawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Tamotsu Yokota
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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13
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Haase R, Potthoff SA, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Frosch C, Wiech T, Panzer U, Königshausen E, Stegbauer J, Sellin L, Rump LC, Quack I, Woznowski M. A novel in vivo method to quantify slit diaphragm protein abundance in murine proteinuric kidney disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179217. [PMID: 28604827 PMCID: PMC5467901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury of the glomerular filter causes proteinuria by disrupting the sensitive interplay of the glomerular protein network. To date, studies of the expression and trafficking of glomerular proteins have been mostly limited to in vitro or histologic studies. Here, we report a novel in vivo biotinylation assay that allows the quantification of surface expression of glomerular proteins in mice. Kidneys were perfused in situ with biotin before harvest. Afterwards glomeruli were isolated and lyzed. The protein of interest was separated by immunoprecipitation and the amount of surface-expressed protein was quantified by Western blot analysis with streptavidin staining. As proof-of-concept, we examined the presence of nephrin in the slit diaphragm in two well-established murine models of proteinuric kidney disease: nephrotoxic nephritis and adriamycin nephropathy. In proteinuric animals, significantly less nephrin was detected in the slit diaphragm. When proteinuria decreased once again during the course of disease, the amount of surface nephrin returned to the baseline. Our present results suggest that our assay is a valuable tool to study the glomerular filter in proteinuric kidney diseases. Note that the assay is not limited to proteins expressed in the slit diaphragm, and all surface proteins that are accessible to biotin perfusion and immunoprecipitation qualify for this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Haase
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Clara Frosch
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medical Clinic University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Königshausen
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lorenz Sellin
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Rump
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivo Quack
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Magdalena Woznowski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Zhai L, Gu J, Yang D, Hu W, Wang W, Ye S. Metformin ameliorates podocyte damage by restoring renal tissue nephrin expression in type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes 2017; 9:510-517. [PMID: 27248136 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found that metformin provided some renoprotection for diabetic renal damage. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of different doses of metformin on the expression of renal tissue nephrin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model rats and the possible mechanism underlying its protective effect in kidney podocytes. METHODS A high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin was used to induce T2DM model rats. Diabetic rats were treated with 150, 300, or 500 mg/kg metformin for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, urine and blood samples were collected for measurement of different indices. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify morphological changes. Renal expression of nephrin protein was assayed by immunohistochemical staining, whereas real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect renal nephrin (Nphs1) mRNA expression. RESULTS Metformin treatment of T2DM rats produced dose-dependent significant reductions in urinary albumin and nephrin concentrations, glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT), and the foot process fusion rate (FPFR) compared with control T2DM model rats, whereas renal expression of nephrin protein and Nphs1 mRNA was dose-dependently increased by metformin treatment. CONCLUSION Metformin protects kidney podocytes in T2DM model rats by dose-dependently adjusting renal nephrin expression.
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MESH Headings
- Albuminuria/urine
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin/blood
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/ultrastructure
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/urine
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Podocytes/drug effects
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Jung YJ, Cho HY, Cho S, Kim YH, Jeon JD, Kim YJ, Lee S, Park J, Kim HY, Park YW, Kwon JY. The Level of Serum and Urinary Nephrin in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy with Subsequent Preeclampsia. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:401-406. [PMID: 28120572 PMCID: PMC5290021 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and urinary nephrin levels of normal pregnancy to establish a standard reference value and to compare them with patients who subsequently developed preeclampsia (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 117 healthy singleton pregnancies were enrolled between 6 to 20 weeks of gestation at 2 participating medical centers during October 2010 to March 2012. Urine and serum samples were collected at the time of enrollment, each trimester, and at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for nephrin was performed and samples from patients who subsequently developed PE were compared to the normal patients. RESULTS Of 117 patients initially enrolled, 99 patients delivered at the study centers and of those patients, 12 (12.1%) developed PE at a median gestational age of 34⁺⁴ weeks (range 29⁺⁵-36⁺⁶). In the normal patients (n=68), serum nephrin level decreased and urinary nephrin level increased during the latter of pregnancy. In 12 patients who subsequently developed PE, a significant rise in the 3rd trimester serum and urinary nephrin levels, compared to the controls, was observed (p<0.001), and this increase occurred 9 days prior to the onset of clinical disease. CONCLUSION As the onset of PE was preceded by the rise in the serum and urinary nephrin in comparison to normal pregnancy, serum and urinary nephrin may be a useful predictive marker of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sihyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Dong Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MizMedi Women's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Bioanalysis, Seoul Medical Science Institute & Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- Department of Bioanalysis, Seoul Medical Science Institute & Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimyeong Park
- Department of Bioanalysis, Seoul Medical Science Institute & Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Yan Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Won Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Min HS, Cha JJ, Kim K, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Kim H, Lee JE, Han JY, Jeong LS, Cha DR, Kang YS. Renoprotective Effects of a Highly Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist in a Mouse Model of Adriamycin-induced Nephropathy. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1403-12. [PMID: 27510383 PMCID: PMC4974181 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of adenosine in the normal kidney increases markedly during renal hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation. A recent study reported that an A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist attenuated the progression of renal fibrosis. The adriamycin (ADX)-induced nephropathy model induces podocyte injury, which results in severe proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of a highly selective A3AR antagonist (LJ1888) in ADX-induced nephropathy. Three groups of six-week-old Balb/c mice were treated with ADX (11 mg/kg) for four weeks and LJ1888 (10 mg/kg) for two weeks as following: 1) control; 2) ADX; and 3) ADX + LJ1888. ADX treatment decreased body weight without a change in water and food intake, but this was ameliorated by LJ1888 treatment. Interestingly, LJ1888 lowered plasma creatinine level, proteinuria, and albuminuria, which had increased during ADX treatment. Furthermore, LJ1888 inhibited urinary nephrin excretion as a podocyte injury marker, and urine 8-isoprostane and kidney lipid peroxide concentration, which are markers of oxidative stress, increased after injection of ADX. ADX also induced the activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules such as TGF-β1, MCP-1, PAI-1, type IV collagen, NF-κB, NOX4, TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but they were remarkably suppressed after LJ1888 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that LJ1888 has a renoprotective effect in ADX-induced nephropathy, which might be associated with podocyte injury through oxidative stress. Therefore, LJ1888, a selective A3AR antagonist, could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in renal glomerular diseases which include podocyte injury and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Min
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Medical College, Incheon, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
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17
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Zhai T, Furuta I, Akaishi R, Kawabata K, Chiba K, Umazume T, Ishikawa S, Yamada T, Morikawa M, Minakami H. Feasibility of nephrinuria as a screening tool for the risk of pre-eclampsia: prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011229. [PMID: 27486123 PMCID: PMC4985984 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the possibility of nephrinuria as a screening tool for the risk of pre-eclampsia (PE). DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING A single university hospital. Changes in urinary nephrin:creatinine ratio (NCR, ng/mg) and protein:creatinine ratio (PCR, mg/mg) in pregnancy were determined. Significant proteinuria in pregnancy (SPIP) was defined as PCR>0.27. PE was diagnosed in women with both SPIP and hypertension. PARTICIPANTS 89 pregnant women in whom neither hypertension nor SPIP was present at enrolment, providing 31, 125 and 93 random urine samples during first, second and third trimesters, respectively. RESULTS PE developed in 14 of the 89 women. NCR increased with increasing PCR in 14 women with PE (correlation coefficient, 0.862; p<0.0001). In contrast, NCR did not change significantly despite significant increases in PCR in 75 women with normotensive pregnancies defined as neither SPIP nor hypertension, indicating that there was little increase in nephrinuria over the physiological range of proteinuria in pregnancy. Relative risk of later development of PE among asymptomatic second and third trimester women with NCR (ng/mg) >122 (95th centile value for 75 women with normotensive pregnancies) was 5.93 (95% CI 2.59 to 13.6; 60% (6/10) vs 10% (8/79)) and 13.5 (95% CI 3.31 to 55.0; 75% (6/8) vs 5.5% (2/36)), respectively, compared with women with NCR≤122 at that time. CONCLUSIONS Nephrinuria was unlikely to increase in normal pregnancy. A certain NCR cut-off may efficiently differentiate women at higher risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhai
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Itsuko Furuta
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rina Akaishi
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawabata
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kentaro Chiba
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mamoru Morikawa
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisanori Minakami
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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18
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Zeng J, Zhang X, Yu R, Tang Y, Luo WJ, Chen C, Wu YJ. [Research on the Combined Detection of Urine UmAlb and Urinary Nephrin, Podocalyxin in Podocyte of MKR Mice with Diabetic Nephropathy]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2015; 46:722-725. [PMID: 26619543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the combined detection of urine UmAlb and urinary nephrin (Unephrin), podocalyxin (UPCX) in podocyte of MKR mice with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Thirty 8 weeks old MKR mice were randomly divided into two groups as follows: negative control group, DN model group, and another 15 wild C57 mice were used as normal control. Mice in DN model group were received unilateral nephrectomy and high-fat diet feed for 2 months. The morphological structure changes of the podocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopes. The levels of FBG were detected by electrochemical detection method, The nephrin and PCX protein expression were measured by western blotting. The levels of UmAlb, Unephrin and UPCX were detected by ELISA. RESULTS The podocyte damage in the mice of DN model group increased significantly when compared with normal control. As compared with normal control, FBG in the model group increased significantly (P<0. 01), the expression level of nephrin and PCX in Renal Tissue and Unephrin, UPCX, and urine UmAlb were also increased significantly (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION The level of Unephrin and UPCX were positive correlated with the level of urine UmAlb, the loss of podocyte strcture protein might be one of the mechanism in leading proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy.
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Nickens KP, Ali A, Scoggin T, Tan S, Ravindranath L, McLeod DG, Dobi A, Tacha D, Sesterhenn IA, Srivastava S, Petrovics G. Prostate cancer marker panel with single cell sensitivity in urine. Prostate 2015; 75:969-75. [PMID: 25808739 PMCID: PMC4424114 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over one million men undergo prostate biopsies annually in the United States, a majority of whom due to elevated serum PSA. More than half of the biopsies turn out to be negative for prostate cancer (CaP). The limitations of both the PSA test and the biopsy procedure have led to the development for more precise CaP detection assays in urine (e.g., PCA3, TMPRSS2-ERG) or blood (e.g., PHI, 4K). Here, we describe the development and evaluation of the Urine CaP Marker Panel (UCMP) assay for sensitive and reproducible detection of CaP cells in post-digital rectal examination (post-DRE) urine. METHODS The cellular content of the post-DRE urine was captured on a translucent filter membrane, which is placed on Cytoclear slides for direct evaluation by microscopy and immuno-cytochemistry (ICC). Cells captured on the membrane were assayed for PSA and Prostein expression to identify prostate epithelial cells, and for ERG and AMACR to identify prostate tumor cells. Immunostained cells were analyzed for quantitative and qualitative features and correlated with biopsy positive and negative status for malignancy. RESULTS The assay was optimized for single cell capture sensitivity and downstream evaluations by spiking a known number of cells from established CaP cell lines, LNCaP and VCaP, into pre-cleared control urine. The cells captured from the post-DRE urine of subjects, obtained prior to biopsy procedure, were co-stained for ERG, AMACR (CaP specific), and Prostein or PSA (prostate epithelium specific) rendering a whole cell based analysis and characterization. A feasibility cohort of 63 post-DRE urine specimens was assessed. Comparison of the UCMP results with blinded biopsy results showed an assay sensitivity of 64% (16 of 25) and a specificity of 68.8% (22 of 32) for CaP detection by biopsy. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study assessing a minimally invasive CaP detection assay with single cell sensitivity cell-capture and characterization from the post-DRE urine holds promise for further development of this novel assay platform. Prostate 75: 969-975, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. The Prostate, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P. Nickens
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Prostate Disease ResearchUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | - Amina Ali
- Urology Service, Department of SurgeryWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMaryland
| | | | - Shyh‐Han Tan
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Prostate Disease ResearchUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | - Lakshmi Ravindranath
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Prostate Disease ResearchUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | - David G. McLeod
- Urology Service, Department of SurgeryWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMaryland
| | - Albert Dobi
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Prostate Disease ResearchUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | | | | | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Prostate Disease ResearchUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Prostate Disease ResearchUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
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Mondorf AW, Scherberich JE, Stefanescu T, Mitrou PS, Schoeppe W. Elimination of brush border membrane protein in urine caused by toxic alterations of the tubular cell. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 24:99-108. [PMID: 6112115 DOI: 10.1159/000395234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Morrissey JJ, Mobley J, Figenshau RS, Vetter J, Bhayani S, Kharasch ED. Urine aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 differentiate renal carcinomas from other imaged renal masses and bladder and prostate cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:35-42. [PMID: 25572193 PMCID: PMC4317334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of urine aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2) concentrations to diagnose clear cell or papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by comparing urine concentrations of these unique biomarkers in patients with RCC, noncancer renal masses, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. METHODS From February 1, 2012, through October 31, 2012, preoperative urine samples were obtained from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of RCC based on an imaged renal mass, prostate cancer, or transitional cell bladder cancer. Imaged renal masses were diagnosed postnephrectomy—as malignant or benign—by histology. Urine AQP1 and PLIN2 concentrations were measured by using a sensitive and specific Western blot and normalized to urine creatinine concentration. RESULTS Median concentrations of urine AQP1 and PLIN2 in patients with clear cell and papillary RCC (n=47) were 29 and 36 relative absorbance units/mg urine creatinine, respectively. In contrast, median concentrations in patients with bladder cancer (n=22) and prostate cancer (n=27), patients with chromophobe tumors (n=7), and patients with benign renal oncocytomas (n=9) and angiomyolipomas (n=7) were all less than 10 relative absorbance units/mg urine creatinine (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<.001 vs RCC for both biomarkers) and comparable with those in healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.99 to 1.00 for both biomarkers. CONCLUSION These results support the specificity and sensitivity of urine AQP1 and PLIN2 concentrations for RCC. These novel tumor-specific proteins have high clinical validity and high potential as specific screening biomarkers for clear cell and papillary RCC as well as in the differential diagnosis of imaged renal masses. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00851994.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.
| | - Jonathan Mobley
- Department of Urology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - R Sherburne Figenshau
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; Department of Urology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Joel Vetter
- Department of Urology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Sam Bhayani
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; Department of Urology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Evan D Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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Petrica L, Vlad A, Gluhovschi G, Gadalean F, Dumitrascu V, Gluhovschi C, Velciov S, Bob F, Vlad D, Popescu R, Milas O, Ursoniu S. Proximal tubule dysfunction is associated with podocyte damage biomarkers nephrin and vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112538. [PMID: 25397960 PMCID: PMC4232371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing debate as to whether early diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus may be attributed to the glomerulus or to the proximal tubule. Urinary excretion of nephrin and vascular endothelial growth factor may increase even in the normoalbuminuria stage. In the course of diabetic nephropathy, the proximal tubule may be involved in the uptake of urinary nephrin and vascular endothelial growth factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of consecutive Type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients (38 normo-, 32 microalbuminuric) and 21 healthy subjects were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and evaluated concerning the relation of proximal tubule dysfunction with the podocyte biomarkers excretion, assessed by ELISA methods. The impact of advanced glycation end-products on this relation was also queried. RESULTS Urinary alpha1-microglobulin and kidney injury molecule-1 correlated with urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (R2 = 0.269; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.125; p < 0.001), nephrinuria (R2 = 0.529; p<0.001; R2 = 0.203; p < 0.001), urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (R2 = 0.709; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.360; p < 0.001), urinary advanced glycation end-products (R2 = 0.578; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.405; p < 0.001), serum cystatin C (R2 = 0.130; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.128; p<0.001), and glomerular filtration rate (R2 = 0.167; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.166; p < 0.001); nephrinuria and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor correlated with urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (R2 = 0.498; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.227; p<0.001), urinary advanced glycation end-products (R2 = 0.251; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.308; p < 0.001), serum cystatin C (R2 = 0.157; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.226; p < 0.001), and glomerular filtration rate (R2 = 0.087; p = 0.007; R2 = 0.218; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In Type 2 diabetes mellitus there is an association of proximal tubule dysfunction with podocyte damage biomarkers, even in the normoalbuminuria stage. This observation suggests a potential role of the proximal tubule in urinary nephrin and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor processing in early diabetic nephropathy, a fact which could be related to advanced glycation end-products intervention. Podocyte damage and proximal tubule dysfunction biomarkers could be validated as a practical approach to the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy by further studies on larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Petrica
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Nephrology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Gluhovschi
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Nephrology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Nephrology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrascu
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gluhovschi
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Nephrology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Velciov
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Nephrology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Nephrology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Cellular Biology, Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Milas
- County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Public Health Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
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Bao XH, Xu J, Chen Y, Yang CL, Ye SD. Alleviation of podocyte injury: the possible pathway implicated in anti-inflammation of alpha-lipoic acid in type 2 diabetics. Aging Clin Exp Res 2014; 26:483-9. [PMID: 24659493 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-014-0207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The objective of this study is to observe the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on Pod injury by anti-inflammation and explore its possible renal protective mechanism. METHODS A total of 36 cases with type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels less than 9 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≤9.0 % were recruited to be treated with ALA (600 mg, daily) for 6 months (group DA). Another 30 healthy individuals were chosen as normal controls (group NC). The levels of serum creatinine (Cr), FPG, and HbA1c were detected; blood pressure was recorded; and early morning urine samples (corrected for urinary Cr) were collected for the examination of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), podocalyxin (PCX), nephrin, albumin and Cr in group NC and group DA at the baseline and the sixth month. RESULTS The excretions of urinary MCP-1, TGF-β1, PCX, nephrin and albumin to Cr ratio (abbreviated as UMCR, UTCR, UPCR, UNCR and UACR respectively) were significantly increased in group DA compared with group NC (all P < 0.01), and after 6-month treatment, all indexes mentioned above decreased markedly (P < 0.05), while FPG and HbA1c had no obvious changes. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between UMCR, UTCR with UPCR, UNCR and UACR, respectively (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Anti-inflammation of ALA in vivo and local kidney is implicated in the protection of glomerular Pod injury in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-He Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
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Jim B, Mehta S, Qipo A, Kim K, Cohen HW, Moore RM, He JC, Sharma S. A comparison of podocyturia, albuminuria and nephrinuria in predicting the development of preeclampsia: a prospective study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101445. [PMID: 25010746 PMCID: PMC4092019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive multisystem disease that complicates 5–8% of all pregnancy, is a major cause for maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The disease is associated with increased spontaneous and evoked preterm birth and remote cardio-renal disorders in the mother and offspring. Thus the ability to predict the disease should lead to earlier care and decreased morbidity. This has led to fervent attempts to identify early predictive biomarkers and research endeavors that have expanded as we learn more regarding possible causes of the disease. As preeclampsia is associated with specific renal pathology including podocyte injury, early urinary podocyte (podocyturia), or the podocyte specific proteinuria nephrin in the urine (nephrinuria), as well as the more easily measured urinary albumin (albuminuria), have all been suggested as predictive markers. We performed a prospective study recruiting 91 pregnant women (78 of whom were high risk) and studied the predictive ability of these three urinary biomarkers. The subjects were recruited between 15–38 weeks of gestation. Fourteen patients, all in the high-risk obstetric group, developed preeclampsia. The levels of podocyturia, nephrinuria, and albuminuria were variably higher in the high-risk pregnant patients who developed preeclampsia. The sensitivities and specificities for podocyturia were 70% and 43%, for albuminuria were 36% and 96%, and for nephrinuria were 57% and 58%, respectively. Also, abnormal nephrinuria (69%) and podocyturia (38%) were detected in low risk women who had uncomplicated gestations; none of these women exhibited albuminuria. In our study, none of the three urinary markers achieved the minimum predictive values required for clinical testing. The lack of excessive albuminuria, however, may indicate a preeclampsia-free gestation. Given a discrepant literature, further studies with larger sample size should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Jim
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Nephrology/Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Swati Mehta
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Department of Nephrology/Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Andi Qipo
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Nephrology/Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Hillel W. Cohen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Moore
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - John C. He
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Department of Nephrology/Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology/Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuchita Sharma
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology/Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Oranskiy SP, Yeliseyeva LN. Urinary excretion of nephrin in rheumatoid arthritis patients with proteinuria. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2014; 32:572-574. [PMID: 24848282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate urine excretion of nephrin in patients with proteinuric nephropathies associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We enrolled in the study 42 patients with seropositive RA and proteinuria, the control group (20 persons) was formed from healthy blood donors, the comparison group (23 persons) was formed from RA patients without proteinuria. Kidney biopsy was performed in 26 patients (glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in 14 patients, АА-amyloidosis in 7 patients and tubulointerstitial nephritis in 5 patients). RESULTS Urine nephrin concentration in patients with RA and proteinuria was 6.2 (3.0; 8.8) ng/ml and significantly differed in its levels both in controls - 3.6 (2.4; 5.3) ng/ml (p=0.03) and RA patients without proteinuria - 3.2 (2.1; 5.1) ng/ ml (p=0.015) group. In RA patients with proteinuria, we found a positive correlation between urine nephrin and protein concentrations (r=0.4; p=0.04). Urine nephrin levels in patients of the glomerulonephritis - 7.3 (5.9; 9.2) and amyloidosis groups - 6.9 (3.9; 9.8) ng/ml were higher than in the controls (p=0.001; p=0.04) and in the group of patients without proteinuria (p=0.005; p=0.03). In the patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis urine nephrin concentration did not differ significantly with the values in both the control and the RA patients without proteinuria groups. CONCLUSIONS According to our data, proteinuria in the overall cohort of patients with seropositive RA is associated with increased levels of urine nephrin excretion, the highest levels of nephrin excretion were registered in patients with glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey P Oranskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation.
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Shao S, Li Z, Gao W, Yu G, Liu D, Pan F. ADAM-12 as a diagnostic marker for the proliferation, migration and invasion in patients with small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85936. [PMID: 24465799 PMCID: PMC3897605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly aggressive and is characterized by malignant metastasis. Approximately 90% of patients die due to extensive metastasis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a natural barrier that can prevent cellular invasion and metastasis. Therefore, degradation of the ECM must take place in order for extensive metastasis to occur. A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) is a multi-domain protease that plays an important role in tumorigenesis, as well as tumor development, invasion and metastasis. However, there have been few reports on the expression and role of ADAMs in SCLC. In the current study, the expression and role of ADAMs in SCLC proliferation, invasion and metastasis was investigated. A total of 150 SCLC tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry for ADAMs expression. ADAM-12 was found to be abundantly expressed in 72.67% samples and other ADAMs were found to be expressed in 10% to 40% of samples. ADAM-12 levels in serum and urine, from 70 SCLC patients and 40 normal controls, were also measured using ELISA. ADAM-12 expression was significantly higher in SCLC patients than in healthy controls and in patients with extensive disease compared to those with more limited disease. Silencing the expression of ADAM-12 in H1688 cells through the use of specific siRNA significantly reduced cellular proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Supplementing the expression of ADAM-12-L or -S in H345 cells, significantly enhanced cellular proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Animal models with metastatic SCLC also exhibited increased expression of ADAM-12 along with enhanced invasion and metastasis. In brief, ADAM-12 is an independent prognostic factor and diagnostic marker, and is involved in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Shao
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Binzhou Medical Universtiy, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Zunling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical Universtiy, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Pan
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cancer is frequently asymptomatic until late stages of the disease and it has a poor prognosis when not discovered early. AQP1 and PLIN2 are recently discovered, sensitive urine biomarkers of clear cell and papillary kidney cancer. We validated these biomarkers in a second cohort of patients and determined the effect of common kidney diseases on specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine samples were obtained from 36 patients with clear cell or papillary kidney cancer, 43 controls, 44 patients with documented urinary tract infection, 24 diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy and 18 diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Urine levels of AQP1 and PLIN2 normalized to urine creatinine were determined by a sensitive, specific Western blot procedure. RESULTS Compared with controls, urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels in patients with kidney cancer were 23-fold and fourfold greater, respectively, and they decreased 83% to 84% after tumor excision. There was a linear correlation between urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels, and tumor size (each p <0.001). Urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels in patients with kidney cancer were 11 to 23-fold and 17 to 25-fold greater, respectively, than in patients with the common kidney diseases. CONCLUSIONS The ability of urine AQP1 and PLIN2 to identify patients with kidney cancer compared to controls was validated in a second cohort of patients. Common kidney diseases do not adversely increase urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels or decrease their specificity to screen for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis (EDK), St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA.
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Musante L, Saraswat M, Duriez E, Byrne B, Ravidà A, Domon B, Holthofer H. Biochemical and physical characterisation of urinary nanovesicles following CHAPS treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37279. [PMID: 22808001 PMCID: PMC3395701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary exosomes represent a precious source of potential biomarkers for disease biology. Currently, the methods for vesicle isolation are severely restricted by the tendency of vesicle entrapment, e.g. by the abundant Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) polymers. Treatment by reducing agents such as dithiothreitol (DTT) releases entrapped vesicles, thus increasing the final yield. However, this harsh treatment can cause remodelling of all those proteins which feature extra-vesicular domains stabilized by internal disulfide bridges and have detrimental effects on their biological activity. In order to optimize exosomal yield, we explore two vesicle treatment protocols - dithiothreitol (DTT) and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic (CHAPS) - applied to the differential centrifugation protocol for exosomal vesicle isolation. The results show that CHAPS treatment does not affect vesicle morphology or exosomal marker distribution, thus eliminating most of THP interference. Moreover, the recovery and preservation of catalytic activity of two trans-membrane proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and nephrilysin, was examined and found to be clearly superior after CHAPS treatment compared to DTT. Finally, proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry (MS) revealed that 76.2% of proteins recovered by CHAPS are common to those seen for DTT treatment, which illustrates underlining similarities between the two approaches. In conclusion, we provide a major improvement to currently-utilized urinary vesicle isolation strategies to allow recovery of urinary vesicles without the deleterious interference of abundant urinary proteins, while preserving typical protein folding and, consequently, the precious biological activity of urinary proteins which serve as valuable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Musante
- Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elodie Duriez
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center (LCP), CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Barry Byrne
- Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandra Ravidà
- Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruno Domon
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center (LCP), CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Harry Holthofer
- Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Zhang J, Hu R, Xia ZK, Ren XG, Zhang LW, Liang YH, Liu GL. Protective effects of sinomenine against doxorubicin-induced nephrosis in rats. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2012; 14:678-687. [PMID: 22582804 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.685070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sinomenine (SN, 1) is a pure compound extracted from the Sinomenium acutum plant. We investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of SN in a rat model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrosis. Nephrosis was induced by a single dose of 5 mg/kg DOX, and DOX-treated rats received a daily i.p. injection of 10 or 30 mg/kg SN, or saline (n = 6). Urine and serum biochemical parameters, serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels, nephrin, podocin, α-actinin-4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) protein expression, and renal ultrastructure were examined at day 28. Compound 1 significantly attenuated the effect of DOX on urine and serum biochemical parameters. Electron microscopy demonstrated that 1 suppressed DOX-induced increases in foot process width. Compared with those in control rats, nephrin, podocin, and PPAR-α protein expressions decreased in the glomeruli of DOX-treated rats, and this effect was significantly attenuated by 1. However, no appreciable alterations were observed in the expression level of α-actinin-4. DOX significantly increased serum TNF-α and IL-1β compared with those in control rats, and 1 significantly reduced the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. SN ameliorates DOX-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats, resulting in a modulation of renal nephrin, podocin expression, and thereby protecting podocytes from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jingling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
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Chang JH, Paik SY, Mao L, Eisner W, Flannery PJ, Wang L, Tang Y, Mattocks N, Hadjadj S, Goujon JM, Ruiz P, Gurley SB, Spurney RF. Diabetic kidney disease in FVB/NJ Akita mice: temporal pattern of kidney injury and urinary nephrin excretion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33942. [PMID: 22496773 PMCID: PMC3319540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Akita mice are a genetic model of type 1 diabetes. In the present studies, we investigated the phenotype of Akita mice on the FVB/NJ background and examined urinary nephrin excretion as a marker of kidney injury. Male Akita mice were compared with non-diabetic controls for functional and structural characteristics of renal and cardiac disease. Podocyte number and apoptosis as well as urinary nephrin excretion were determined in both groups. Male FVB/NJ Akita mice developed sustained hyperglycemia and albuminuria by 4 and 8 weeks of age, respectively. These abnormalities were accompanied by a significant increase in systolic blood pressure in 10-week old Akita mice, which was associated with functional, structural and molecular characteristics of cardiac hypertrophy. By 20 weeks of age, Akita mice developed a 10-fold increase in albuminuria, renal and glomerular hypertrophy and a decrease in the number of podocytes. Mild-to-moderate glomerular mesangial expansion was observed in Akita mice at 30 weeks of age. In 4-week old Akita mice, the onset of hyperglycemia was accompanied by increased podocyte apoptosis and enhanced excretion of nephrin in urine before the development of albuminuria. Urinary nephrin excretion was also significantly increased in albuminuric Akita mice at 16 and 20 weeks of age and correlated with the albumin excretion rate. These data suggest that: 1. FVB/NJ Akita mice have phenotypic characteristics that may be useful for studying the mechanisms of kidney and cardiac injury in diabetes, and 2. Enhanced urinary nephrin excretion is associated with kidney injury in FVB/NJ Akita mice and is detectable early in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Seung-Yeol Paik
- Chung-ang University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Mao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William Eisner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Flannery
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yuping Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Natalie Mattocks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- INSERM U927, Poitiers, France and INSERM CIC 0802, Poitiers, France and CHU Poitiers, Endocrinologie, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Goujon
- CHU Poitiers, Pathology Unit, Poitiers, France
- INSERM U927, Poitiers, France and INSERM CIC 0802, Poitiers, France and CHU Poitiers, Endocrinologie, Poitiers, France
| | - Phillip Ruiz
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susan B. Gurley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Sourris KC, Harcourt BE, Tang PH, Morley AL, Huynh K, Penfold SA, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME, Nguyen TV, Ritchie RH, Forbes JM. Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) prevents renal mitochondrial dysfunction in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:716-723. [PMID: 22172526 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular benefits of ubiquinone have been previously demonstrated, and we administered it as a novel therapy in an experimental model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. db/db and dbH mice were followed for 10 weeks, after randomization to receive either vehicle or ubiquinone (CoQ10; 10mg/kg/day) orally. db/db mice had elevated urinary albumin excretion rates and albumin:creatinine ratio, not seen in db/db CoQ10-treated mice. Renal cortices from db/db mice had lower total and oxidized CoQ10 content, compared with dbH mice. Mitochondria from db/db mice also contained less oxidized CoQ10(ubiquinone) compared with dbH mice. Diabetes-induced increases in total renal collagen but not glomerulosclerosis were significantly decreased with CoQ10 therapy. Mitochondrial superoxide and ATP production via complex II in the renal cortex were increased in db/db mice, with ATP normalized by CoQ10. However, excess renal mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production and increased mitochondrial membrane potential seen in db/db mice were attenuated with CoQ10. Renal superoxide dismutase activity was also lower in db/db mice compared with dbH mice. Our results suggest that a deficiency in mitochondrial oxidized CoQ10 (ubiquinone) may be a likely precipitating factor for diabetic nephropathy. Therefore CoQ10 supplementation may be renoprotective in type 2 diabetes, via preservation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly C Sourris
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Brooke E Harcourt
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter H Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Amy L Morley
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Karina Huynh
- Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia; Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sally A Penfold
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia; Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research Education Precinct, Melbourne, Australia; Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Saleh MA, Boesen EI, Pollock JS, Savin VJ, Pollock DM. Endothelin receptor A-specific stimulation of glomerular inflammation and injury in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2011; 54:979-88. [PMID: 21191784 PMCID: PMC3804244 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-2021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Activation of endothelin receptor-A (ET(A)) increases glomerular permeability to albumin (P(alb)) and elevates pro-inflammatory markers in hyperglycaemic rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given streptozotocin (n = 32) or saline (sham; n = 32). Half of the animals in each group received the ET(A)-selective antagonist, ABT-627 (atrasentan; orally), beginning immediately after hyperglycaemia was confirmed. Glomeruli were isolated by sieving techniques and P(alb) determined from the change in glomerular volume induced by oncotic gradients of albumin. Glomerular nephrin levels were assessed by immunofluorescence, whereas urinary nephrin was measured by immunoassay. RESULTS At 3 and 6 weeks after streptozotocin injection, proteinuria was significantly increased compared with sham controls and significantly reduced by ABT-627 treatment. P(alb) was also increased at 3 and 6 weeks post-streptozotocin. ABT-627 had no effect on P(alb) or protein excretion in sham control rats. In glomeruli isolated from hyperglycaemic rats, incubation with BQ-123, a selective ET(A) antagonist, reduced P(alb), whereas BQ-788, a selective endothelin receptor-B antagonist had no effect (n = 6 rats per group, 5-8 glomeruli per rat). Glomerular and plasma content of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly increased 6 weeks after streptozotocin (ELISA). ABT-627 attenuated these increases. After 6 weeks of hyperglycaemia, glomerular nephrin content was decreased with a concurrent increase in urinary nephrin excretion. ABT-627 prevented glomerular nephrin loss in hyperglycaemic rats (n = 5-8 rats per group; eight groups). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These observations support the hypothesis that endothelin-1, via the ET(A) receptor, directly increases P(alb), possibly via nephrin loss, as well as early inflammation in the hyperglycaemic rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Saleh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30907-2500, USA
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Chebotareva NV, Bobkova IN, Kozlovskaia LV, Tsopanova ZG. [Estimation of podocyte dysfunction by nephrinuria severity in proteinuric forms of chronic glomerulonephritis]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2011; 83:18-23. [PMID: 21786570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate severity of nephrinuria (NU) as a marker of podocyte dysfunction (PD) in patients with proteinuric forms of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and to specify efficacy of this test for assessment of activity and prognosis of CGN. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 74 CGN patients: 18 with inactive nephritis (group 1), 18--with subnephrotic proteinuria (group 2), 38--with nephrotic syndrome--NS (group 3). The control group consisted of 10 healthy subjects. Urinary excretion of nephrin was studied with indirect enzyme immunoassay. A response to immunosuppressive treatment (IST) was studied in 23 NS patients depending on a baseline NU level. RESULTS An NU level was higher in patients with proteinuric forms of CGN (groups 2 and 3) than in inactive disease and in healthy subjects, in NS patients significantly higher than in less severe proteinuria. NU was significantly higher in arterial hypertension, in persistent NS. Remission of NS was achieved within 6 months of treatment in 9 of 11 (82%) patients with a baseline NU level < 17 ng/ml. Eight from 12 (67%) patients with high NU did not respond to IST conducted for 9 months to 2 years. ROC-curve construction showed that NU assessment in NS patients has high informative value in assessment of prognosis and efficacy of treatment in 6 months to come. CONCLUSION The NU test in CGN patients is an informative diagnostic test allowing prognosis of a response to IST and assessment of PD severity.
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Derikx JPM, van Waardenburg DA, Thuijls G, Willigers HM, Koenraads M, van Bijnen AA, Heineman E, Poeze M, Ambergen T, van Ooij A, van Rhijn LW, Buurman WA. New Insight in Loss of Gut Barrier during Major Non-Abdominal Surgery. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3954. [PMID: 19088854 PMCID: PMC2599890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut barrier loss has been implicated as a critical event in the occurrence of postoperative complications. We aimed to study the development of gut barrier loss in patients undergoing major non-abdominal surgery. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty consecutive children undergoing spinal fusion surgery were included. This kind of surgery is characterized by long operation time, significant blood loss, prolonged systemic hypotension, without directly leading to compromise of the intestines by intestinal manipulation or use of extracorporeal circulation. Blood was collected preoperatively, every two hours during surgery and 2, 4, 15 and 24 hours postoperatively. Gut mucosal barrier was assessed by plasma markers for enterocyte damage (I-FABP, I-BABP) and urinary presence of tight junction protein claudin-3. Intestinal mucosal perfusion was measured by gastric tonometry (PrCO2, Pr-aCO2-gap). Plasma concentration of I-FABP, I-BABP and urinary expression of claudin-3 increased rapidly and significantly after the onset of surgery in most children. Postoperatively, all markers decreased promptly towards baseline values together with normalisation of MAP. Plasma levels of I-FABP, I-BABP were significantly negatively correlated with MAP at ½ hour before blood sampling (−0.726 (p<0.001), −0.483 (P<0.001), respectively). Furthermore, circulating I-FABP correlated with gastric mucosal PrCO2, Pr-aCO2-gap measured at the same time points (0.553 (p = 0.040), 0.585 (p = 0.028), respectively). Conclusions/Significance This study shows the development of gut barrier loss in children undergoing major non-abdominal surgery, which is related to preceding hypotension and mesenterial hypoperfusion. These data shed new light on the potential role of peroperative circulatory perturbation and intestinal barrier loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep P. M. Derikx
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Geertje Thuijls
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte M. Willigers
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Koenraads
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A. van Bijnen
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Heineman
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ton Ambergen
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - André van Ooij
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W. van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim A. Buurman
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Wang G, Lai FMM, Tam LS, Li KM, Lai KB, Chow KM, Li KTP, Szeto CC. Messenger RNA expression of podocyte-associated molecules in urinary sediment of patients with lupus nephritis. J Rheumatol 2007; 34:2358-2364. [PMID: 17985404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine urinary expression of podocyte-associated molecules in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS We studied 32 patients with active LN (Active group) and 17 patients with inactive lupus (Silent group). Messenger RNA expression of nephrin, podocin, and synaptopodin in urinary sediment was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared to other clinical measures. RESULTS The urinary concentrations of nephrin, podocin, and synaptopodin were significantly higher in the Active than the Silent group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). There was no relation between urinary gene expression and the histological class of LN, but urinary nephrin expression correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.480, p < 0.01) and the score of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI; r = 0.578, p < 0.01). Urinary podocin expression also correlated with SLEDAI score (r = 0.389, p = 0.006). After initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, all patients were followed for an average of 13.7 +/- 2.4 months. The decline of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) correlated with urinary expression of podocin (r = 0.406, p = 0.005) and synaptopodin (r = 0.337, p = 0.021). In a multiple linear regression model, urinary podocin expression and baseline GFR were independent predictors of GFR decline. CONCLUSION The concentration of podocyte-associated molecules in urinary sediment correlated with lupus activity and GFR decline. The clinical utility of quantifying urinary expression of podocyte-associated molecules for risk stratification of patients with LN deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Prozialeck WC, Vaidya VS, Liu J, Waalkes MP, Edwards JR, Lamar PC, Bernard AM, Dumont X, Bonventre JV. Kidney injury molecule-1 is an early biomarker of cadmium nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int 2007; 72:985-93. [PMID: 17687258 PMCID: PMC2747605 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure results in injury to the proximal tubule characterized by polyuria and proteinuria. Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein not normally detected in the mature kidney, but is upregulated and shed into the urine following nephrotoxic injury. In this study, we determine if Kim-1 might be a useful early biomarker of Cd nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily injections of Cd for up to 12 weeks. Weekly urine samples were analyzed for Kim-1, protein, creatinine, metallothionein, and Clara cell protein CC-16. Significant levels of Kim-1 were detected in the urine by 6 weeks and continued to increase throughout the treatment period. This appearance of Kim-1 occurred 4-5 weeks before the onset of proteinuria, and 1-3 weeks before the appearance of metallothionein and CC-16. Higher doses of Cd gave rise to higher Kim-1 excretion. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) expression analysis showed that Kim-1 transcript levels were increased after 6 weeks at the low dose of Cd. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Kim-1 was present in proximal tubule cells of the Cd-treated rats. Our results suggest that Kim-1 may be a useful biomarker of early stages of Cd-induced proximal tubule injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Prozialeck
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA.
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Abstract
Glomerular epithelial cell (podocyte) biology has been focused on in the last few years. The emerging understanding in podocyte biology has improved the molecular mechanism knowledge in many glomerular diseases. Urinary podocyte count and measurement of urinary podocyte specific markers (nephrin and podocalyxin) have been developed to detect podocyte injury. We discuss the emerging clinical importance of the urinary podocyte count in experimental and human glomerular disease, as well as measurement of urinary podocyte specific marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Camici
- Internal Medicine Department, Pisa University, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously found ADAM12, a disintegrin and metalloprotease, to be an interesting biomarker for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the gene and protein expression profiles of ADAM12 in different grades and stages of bladder cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ADAM12 gene expression was evaluated in tumors from 96 patients with bladder cancer using a customized Affymetrix GeneChip. Gene expression in bladder cancer was validated using reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining on tissue arrays of bladder cancers. The presence and relative amount of ADAM12 in the urine of cancer patients were determined by Western blotting and densitometric measurements, respectively. RESULTS ADAM12 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in bladder cancer, as determined by microarray analysis, and the level of ADAM12 mRNA correlated with disease stage. Reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization validated the gene expression results. Using immunohistochemistry, we found ADAM12 protein expression correlated with tumor stage and grade. Finally, ADAM12 could be detected in the urine by Western blotting; ADAM12 was present in higher levels in the urine from patients with bladder cancer compared with urine from healthy individuals. Significantly, following removal of tumor by surgery, in most bladder cancer cases examined, the level of ADAM12 in the urine decreased and, upon recurrence of tumor, increased. CONCLUSIONS ADAM12 is a promising biomarker of bladder cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/metabolism
- ADAM Proteins/urine
- ADAM10 Protein
- ADAM12 Protein
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/surgery
- Adenocarcinoma/urine
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/urine
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/urine
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/urine
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Mucous Membrane/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/urine
- Neoplasm Staging
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fröhlich
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) causes acute renal failure and may lead to podocyte loss. Objective. To determine if the urinary mRNA excretion of podocyte proteins is detectable in children with D+HUS and if it is a biomarker of a poor long-term outcome. METHODS Patients were randomly selected from participants in the SYNSORB Pk trial. Urine samples were collected daily during the first week of hospitalization. Specimens were also obtained in healthy volunteers. Synaptopodin and nephrin mRNA levels were measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS Fifteen children, aged 4.9+/-2.8 years, were studied. Patients were categorized based on urinary mRNA levels into normal (marker:GAPDH<or=mean + SD) or high (marker:GAPDH>mean + SD) in controls. Twelve patients (80%) had increased urinary podocyte mRNA excretion; 11 (73%) had high synaptopodin and 5 (33%) had high nephrin mRNA levels. Follow-up data were available in 13/15 patients, all of whom had normal blood pressure, urinalysis, and serum creatinine concentration. CONCLUSION The isolation of podocyte mRNA from routine urine samples is feasible in children with D+HUS. Most patients have podocyturia based on synaptopodin and nephrin mRNA excretion. Larger studies with extended follow-up are required to determine the relationship of these biomarkers to long-term renal prognosis in D+HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Petris
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Nadri C, Bersudsky Y, Belmaker RH, Agam G. Elevated urinary ADAM12 protein levels in lithium-treated bipolar patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 114:473-7. [PMID: 17066252 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease)12 is a member of a family of integral membrane and secreted glycoproteins. ADAM12 has recently been detected in urine. In the present study we measured ADAM12 protein levels in urine from bipolar patients vs. healthy controls. Nineteen bipolar patients and 22 matched-control subjects were studied. Urine samples were concentrated and Western-blot analysis used to determine ADAM12 protein levels. The 92 kDa form of urine ADAM12 protein levels were highly elevated in Li-treated bipolar patients compared with normal controls. The 68 kDa form of urine ADAM12 protein levels did not differ. Future experiments are needed to explore a potential link between ADAM12 protein level elevation and lithium response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nadri
- Stanley Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and Mental Health Center, Beersheva, Israel
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van Timmeren MM, Bakker SJL, Vaidya VS, Bailly V, Schuurs TA, Damman J, Stegeman CA, Bonventre JV, van Goor H. Tubular kidney injury molecule-1 in protein-overload nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F456-64. [PMID: 16467126 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00403.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kim-1, a recently discovered membrane protein, is undetectable in normal kidneys but markedly induced in proximal tubules after ischemic and toxic injury. The function of Kim-1 is unclear, but it is implicated in damage/repair processes. The Kim-1 ectodomain is cleaved by metalloproteinases and detectable in urine. We studied Kim-1 in a nontoxic, nonischemic, model of tubulointerstitial damage caused by acute proteinuria. Uninephrectomized (NX) rats received daily (ip) injections of 2 g BSA (NX+BSA, n = 12) or saline (NX, n = 6) for 3 wk. Kidneys were stained for various damage markers by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kim-1 mRNA (RT-PCR, in situ hybridization), protein (IHC, Western blotting), and urinary Kim-1 (Luminex) were determined. Spatial relations between Kim-1 and other damage markers were studied by double labeling IHC. NX+BSA rats developed massive proteinuria (1,217 ± 313 vs. 18 ± 2 mg/day in NX, P < 0.001) and significant renal damage. Kim-1 mRNA was upregulated eightfold in NX+BSA (ratio Kim-1/β-actin, 4.08 ± 2.56 vs. 0.52 ± 0.64 in NX, P < 0.001) and localized to damaged tubules. Kim-1 protein expression was markedly induced in NX+BSA (2.46 ± 1.19 vs. 0.39 ± 0.10% staining/field in NX, P < 0.001). Urinary Kim-1 was significantly elevated in NX+BSA (921 ± 592 vs. 87 ± 164 pg/ml in NX, P < 0.001) and correlated with tissue Kim-1 expression ( r = 0.66, P =0.02). Kim-1 protein was found at the apical membrane of dilated nephrons. Kim-1 expression was limited to areas with inflammation (MØ), fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin), and tubular damage (osteopontin), and only occasionally with tubular dedifferentiation (vimentin). These results implicate involvement of Kim-1 in the pathogenesis of proteinuria-induced renal damage/repair. Urinary Kim-1 levels may serve as a marker of proteinuria-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjan M van Timmeren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, Kawakami T, Kawamoto K, Hirata H, Tanaka Y, Kikuno N, Nakagawa M, Igawa M, Dahiya R. Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:2109-16. [PMID: 16609023 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of Wnt-antagonist genes contributes to the pathogenesis of several cancers. We hypothesized that combined methylation analysis of Wnt-antagonist genes could improve their use as a panel of biomarkers for diagnosing and staging of bladder cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Samples (54 total) of bladder tumor and corresponding normal bladder mucosa were analyzed for the methylation and expression levels of six Wnt-antagonist genes (sFRP-1, sFRP-2, sFRP-4, and sFRP-5, Wif-1, and Dkk-3). To increase the sensitivity/specificity of bladder tumor detection, the methylation score (M score), a new method for multigene methylation analysis, was developed. The M score of each sample was calculated as the sum of the corresponding log hazard ratio coefficients derived from multivariate logistic regression analysis of the methylation status for each Wnt-antagonist gene. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal sensitivity/specificity of the M score. Urine DNA from 24 matched patients with bladder tumor and 20 cancer-free volunteers was also used to investigate the methylation status of Wnt-antagonist genes. RESULTS The methylation levels of Wnt-antagonists were significantly higher and mRNA levels were significantly lower in bladder tumor than in bladder mucosa. Each methylation level was inversely correlated with the corresponding mRNA level. In multivariate regression analysis, the methylation levels of sFRP-2 and Dkk-3 were significant independent predictors of bladder tumor (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), whereas with sFRP-1, sFRP-5, and Wif-1 there was a trend towards significance as independent predictors. The M score of Wnt-antagonist genes was significantly higher in bladder tumor than in bladder mucosa (P < 0.05). Overall, the M score had a sensitivity of 77.2% and a specificity of 66.7% as a diagnostic biomarker (areas under the curve, 0.763). The M score could distinguish superficial from invasive bladder tumors with a sensitivity of 72.2% and a specificity of 61.1% as a staging biomarker (areas under the curve, 0.671). In patients with bladder tumor, 80.6% of the methylation-specific PCR results had identical methylation in samples of tumor- and urine-derived DNA. Most urine DNA in normal controls showed no aberrant methylation of the Wnt-antagonist genes. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of Wnt-antagonist genes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bladder tumor and can be detected using cellular DNA extracted from urine samples. This is the first report demonstrating that M score analysis of Wnt-antagonist genes could serve as an excellent epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Urakami
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Zhou H, Yuen PS, Pisitkun T, Gonzales PA, Yasuda H, Dear JW, Gross P, Knepper MA, Star RA. Collection, storage, preservation, and normalization of human urinary exosomes for biomarker discovery. Kidney Int 2006; 69:1471-6. [PMID: 16501490 PMCID: PMC2276656 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urinary exosomes containing apical membrane and intracellular fluid are normally secreted into the urine from all nephron segments, and may carry protein markers of renal dysfunction and structural injury. We studied methods for collection, storage, and preservation of urinary exosomal proteins. We collected urine from healthy volunteers, added protease inhibitors, and stored urine samples at 4, -20, and -80 degrees C for 1 week or 7 months. Samples were thawed with and without extensive vortexing, and three fractions were isolated: urinary sediment, supernatant, and exosome fraction. Protein concentration, electrophoresis patterns, and abundance of seven exosome-associated proteins were measured. Exosome-associated proteins were not detected in sediment or supernatant fractions. Protease inhibitors prevented degradation of exosome-associated proteins. Freezing at -20 degrees C caused a major loss in exosomes compared to fresh urine. In contrast, recovery after freezing at -80 degrees C was almost complete. Extensive vortexing after thawing markedly increased exosome recovery in urine frozen at -20 or -80 degrees C, even if frozen for 7 months. The recovery from first and second morning urine was similar. The abundance of cytosolic exosome-associated proteins did not decrease during long-term storage. We concluded: (1) protease inhibitors are essential for preservation; (2) storage at -80 degrees C with extensive vortexing after thawing maximizes the recovery of urinary exosomes; (3) the difference between first and second morning urine exosome-associated protein was small, suggesting minimal protein degradation in the urinary tract/bladder; (4) urinary exosomes remain intact during long-term storage. These urine collection, storage, and processing conditions may be useful for future biomarker discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter S.T. Yuen
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia A. Gonzales
- Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hideo Yasuda
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James W. Dear
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Gross
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mark A. Knepper
- Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert A. Star
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Vaidya VS, Ramirez V, Ichimura T, Bobadilla NA, Bonventre JV. Urinary kidney injury molecule-1: a sensitive quantitative biomarker for early detection of kidney tubular injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 290:F517-29. [PMID: 16174863 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00291.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed to detect early kidney injury. The objective of the present work was to develop a sensitive quantitative urinary test to identify renal injury in the rodent to facilitate early assessment of pathophysiological influences and drug toxicity. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were made against the purified ectodomain of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and these were used to construct a sandwich Kim-1 ELISA. The assay range of this ELISA was 50 pg/ml to 5 ng/ml, with inter- and intra-assay variability of <10%. Urine samples were collected from rats treated with one of three doses of cisplatin (2.5, 5, or 7.5 mg/kg). At one day after each of the doses, there was an approximately three- to fivefold increase in the urine Kim-1 ectodomain, whereas other routinely used biomarkers measured in this study [plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), glycosuria, proteinuria] lacked the sensitivity to show any sign of renal damage at this time point. When rats were subjected to increasing periods (10, 20, 30, or 45 min) of bilateral ischemia, there was an increasing amount of urinary Kim-1 detected. After only 10 min of bilateral ischemia, Kim-1 levels on day 1 were 10-fold higher (5 ng/ml) than control levels, whereas plasma creatinine and BUN were not increased and there was no glycosuria, increased proteinuria, or increased urinary NAG levels. Thus urinary Kim-1 levels serve as a noninvasive, rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and potentially high-throughput method to detect early kidney injury in pathophysiological studies and in preclinical drug development studies for risk-benefit profiling of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Rm. 550, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Roy R, Wewer UM, Zurakowski D, Pories SE, Moses MA. ADAM 12 Cleaves Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Correlates with Cancer Status and Stage. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:51323-30. [PMID: 15381692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409565200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM 12 is a member of a family of disintegrin-containing metalloproteases that have been implicated in a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, and cancer. We purified ADAM 12 from the urine of breast cancer patients via Q-Sepharose anion exchange and gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Four peptides were identified that spanned the amino acid sequence of ADAM 12. Immunoblot analysis using ADAM 12-specific antibodies detected an approximately 68-kDa band identified as the mature form of ADAM 12. To characterize catalytic properties of ADAM 12, full-length ADAM 12-S was expressed in COS-7 cells and purified. Substrate specificity studies demonstrated that ADAM 12-S degrades gelatin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin but not type I collagen or casein. Gelatinase activity of ADAM 12 was completely abrogated by zinc chelators 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA and was partially inhibited by the hydroxamate inhibitor Marimastat. Endogenous matrix metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibited activity. To validate our initial identification of this enzyme in human urine, 117 urine samples from breast cancer patients and controls were analyzed by immunoblot. The majority of samples from cancer patients were positive for ADAM 12 (67 of 71, sensitivity 0.94) compared with urine from controls in which ADAM 12 was detected with significantly lower frequency. Densitometric analyses of immunoblots demonstrated that ADAM 12 protein levels were higher in urine from breast cancer patients than in control urine. In addition, median levels of ADAM 12 in urine significantly increased with disease progression. These data demonstrate for the first time that ADAM 12 is a gelatinase, that it can be detected in breast cancer patient urine, and that increased urinary levels of this protein correlate with breast cancer progression. They further support the possibility that detection of urinary ADAM 12 may prove useful in the development of noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tests for breast and perhaps other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- Program in Vascular Biology and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Tam FWK, Sanders JS, George A, Hammad T, Miller C, Dougan T, Cook HT, Kallenberg CGM, Gaskin G, Levy JB, Pusey CD. Urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a marker of active renal vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19:2761-8. [PMID: 15353578 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage infiltration and cytokine production are important in the pathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether urinary levels of chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and fractalkine, were useful tools for non-invasive assessment of renal vasculitis. METHODS In a prospective study, concentrations of chemokines were measured in urine and serum samples using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and related to the patients' clinical status. Renal expression of MCP-1 was studied by immunohistochemical staining of renal biopsies. RESULTS Urinary levels of MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients with active (P<0.01) or persistent (P<0.05) renal vasculitis, in comparison with healthy volunteers, control patients, patients with inactive vasculitis and patients with extra-renal disease only. There were no differences in serum concentrations of MCP-1 between these groups. Reduction in urinary MCP-1 levels following treatment preceded the improvement of renal function by a median of 2 weeks. In one patient, rising urinary levels of MCP-1, despite immunosuppressive therapy, was associated with progression to severe renal failure. There were no differences in urinary fractalkine levels between the different groups of patients and controls. Immunohistology of renal biopsies from patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis showed increased staining for MCP-1 in glomerular and interstitial cells. Urinary MCP-1 levels correlated with glomerular, but not tubulointerstitial, macrophage infiltration (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that measurement of urinary MCP-1, but not fractalkine, is a useful non-invasive technique for the assessment of renal involvement and monitoring the response to therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W K Tam
- Renal Section, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Abstract
Urine provides an alternative to blood plasma as a potential source of disease biomarkers. One urinary biomarker already exploited in clinical studies is aquaporin-2. However, it remains a mystery how aquaporin-2 (an integral membrane protein) and other apical transporters are delivered to the urine. Here we address the hypothesis that these proteins reach the urine through the secretion of exosomes [membrane vesicles that originate as internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs)]. Low-density urinary membrane vesicles from normal human subjects were isolated by differential centrifugation. ImmunoGold electron microscopy using antibodies directed to cytoplasmic or anticytoplasmic epitopes revealed that the vesicles are oriented "cytoplasmic-side inward," consistent with the unique orientation of exosomes. The vesicles were small (<100 nm), consistent with studies of MVBs and exosomes from other tissues. Proteomic analysis of urinary vesicles through nanospray liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified numerous protein components of MVBs and of the endosomal pathway in general. Full liquid chromatography-tandem MS analysis revealed 295 proteins, including multiple protein products of genes already known to be responsible for renal and systemic diseases, including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Gitelman syndrome, Bartter syndrome, autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, and familial renal hypomagnesemia. The results indicate that exosome isolation may provide an efficient first step in biomarker discovery in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trairak Pisitkun
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1603, USA
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Ichimura T, Hung CC, Yang SA, Stevens JL, Bonventre JV. Kidney injury molecule-1: a tissue and urinary biomarker for nephrotoxicant-induced renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 286:F552-63. [PMID: 14600030 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00285.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a common side effect of therapeutic interventions, environmental insults, and exposure to toxicants in the workplace. Although biomarkers for nephrotoxicity are available, they often lack sensitivity and are not specific as indicators of epithelial cell injury. Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) is a type 1 membrane protein with extracellular immunoglobulin and mucin domains. The mRNA and protein for Kim-1 are expressed at very low levels in normal rodent kidney, but expression increases dramatically after injury in proximal tubule epithelial cells in postischemic rodent kidney and in humans during ischemic acute renal failure. To evaluate the utility of Kim-1 as a biomarker for other types of renal injury, we analyzed tissue and urinary expression in response to three different types of nephrotoxicants in the rat: S-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-l-cysteine (TFEC), folic acid, and cisplatin. Marked increases in Kim-1 expression were confirmed by immunoblotting in all three models. The protein was shown to be localized to the proximal tubule epithelial cell by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, Kim-1 protein was detected in urine of toxicant-treated rats. The temporal pattern of expression in response to TFEC is similar to the Kim-1 expression pattern in the postischemic kidney. In folic acid-treated kidneys, Kim-1 is clearly localized to the apical brush border of the well-differentiated proximal tubular epithelial cells. After folic acid treatment, expression of Kim-1 is present in the urine despite no significant increase in serum creatinine. Cisplatin treatment results in early detection of urinary Kim-1 protein and diffuse Kim-1 expression in S3 cells of the proximal tubule. Kim-1 can be detected in the tissue and urine on days 1 and 2 after cisplatin administration, occurring before an increase in serum creatinine. The upregulation of expression of Kim-1 and its presence in the urine in response to exposure to various types of nephrotoxicants suggest that this protein may serve as a general biomarker for tubular injury and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Ichimura
- Medical Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bonn D. Taking the p... therapeutic proteins from urine. Mol Med Today 1998; 4:230. [PMID: 9766932 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-4310(98)01272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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