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Cha JJ, Park BY, Yoon SG, Park HJ, Yoo JA, Ghee JY, Cha DR, Seong JY, Kang YS. Spexin-based galanin receptor 2 agonist improves renal injury in mice with type 2 diabetes. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:187-196. [PMID: 37789932 PMCID: PMC10543361 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2263067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spexin-based GALR2 agonist (NS200) is a novel drug, which has shown antidepressant and anxiolytic action in a recent experimental study. In this study, we investigated the effects of NS200 on renal injury in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Eight-week-old diabetic db/db mice were administered NS200 for 12 weeks. NS200 was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. Metabolic parameters and structural and molecular changes in the kidneys were compared among the three groups: non-diabetic db/m control, db/db mice, and NS200-treated db/db mice. In db/db mice, NS200 administration did not impact the body weight, food and water intake, urinary volume, fasting blood glucose level, or HbA1c levels. Insulin and glucose tolerance were also unaffected by NS200 treatment. However, NS200 improved urinary albumin excretion and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic kidneys. Activation of TGFβ1 and insulin signaling pathways, such as PI3 K /AKT/ERK, were inhibited by NS200. In conclusion, a spexin-based GALR2 agonist attenuated diabetic nephropathy by alleviating renal fibrosis in mice with type 2 diabetes. Spexin-based GALR2 agonists have considerable potential as novel treatment agents in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Yeon Park
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gi Yoon
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Yoo
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Park JH, Yoon SG, Ghee JY, Yoo JA, Cha JJ, Kang YS, Han SY, Seol YJ, Han JY, Cha DR. Pan-Nox inhibitor treatment improves renal function in aging murine diabetic kidneys. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023:j.krcp.23.004. [PMID: 37559225 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus with commonly shared features of chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the effect of pan-Nox-inhibitor, APX-115, on renal function in aging diabetic mice. METHODS Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days in 52-week-old C57BL/6J mice. APX-115 was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 60 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks in nondiabetic and diabetic aging mice. RESULTS APX-115 significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic aging mice. Urinary level of 8-isoprostane was significantly increased in diabetic aging mice than nondiabetic aging mice, and APX-115 treatment reduced 8-isoprostane level. Urinary albumin and nephrin excretion were significantly higher in diabetic aging mice than nondiabetic aging mice. Although APX-115 did not significantly decrease albuminuria, APX-115 markedly improved mesangial expansion, macrophage infiltration, and expression of fibrosis molecules such as transforming growth factor beta 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Interestingly, the expression of all Nox isoforms including Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 was significantly increased in diabetic aging kidneys, and APX-115 treatment decreased Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 protein expression in the kidney. Furthermore, Klotho expression was significantly decreased in diabetic aging kidneys, and APX-115 restored Klotho level. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that pan-Nox inhibition may improve systemic insulin resistance and decrease oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in aging diabetic status and may have potential protective effects on aging diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gi Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youb Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jae Seol
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Han SY, Han SH, Ghee JY, Cha JJ, Kang YS, Cha DR. SH3YL1 Protein Predicts Renal Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040963. [PMID: 37109492 PMCID: PMC10141384 DOI: 10.3390/life13040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived oxidative stress is an important factor in renal progression, with NOX4 being the predominant NOX in the kidney. Recently, Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing YSC84-like 1 (SH3YL1) was reported to be a regulator of NOX4. In this study, we tested whether the SH3YL1 protein could predict 3-year renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 131 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. Renal events were defined as a 15% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from the baseline, the initiation of renal replacement therapy, or death during the 3 years. The levels of the urinary SH3YL1-to-creatinine ratio (USCR) were significantly different among the five stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the three groups, based on albuminuria levels. The USCR levels showed a significant negative correlation with eGFR and a positive correlation with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Plasma SH3YL1 levels were significantly correlated with UACR. The highest tertile group of USCR and plasma SH3YL1 had a significantly lower probability of renal event-free survival. Furthermore, the highest tertile group of USCR showed a significant association with the incidence of renal events after full adjustment: adjusted hazard ratio (4.636: 95% confidence interval, 1.416-15.181, p = 0.011). This study suggests that SH3YL1 is a new diagnostic biomarker for renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youb Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15368, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15368, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15368, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15368, Republic of Korea
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Yoon SG, Ghee JY, Yoo JA, Park BY, Cha JJ, Kang YS, Han SY, Min HS, Lee JE, Han JY, Cha DR. Role of NADPH Oxidases in Renal Aging. Gerontology 2023; 69:852-865. [PMID: 36709751 DOI: 10.1159/000529392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging of the kidney is associated with complex molecular, histological, and functional changes. Although the aging process itself does not induce renal damage, underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus can aggravate kidney injury during aging. Although oxidative stress is considered an important mediator in age-related renal fibrosis, it is unclear how oxidative stress increases during normal and diabetic aging. METHODS In this study, we investigated molecular changes in the kidney in normal and diabetic aging mice. C57BL/6 mice were studied at 2, 12, and 24 months of age, and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice were studied at 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 38 weeks of age. We measured renal functional parameters, fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress markers at all the above time points. RESULTS Both nondiabetic and diabetic mice exhibited progressive microalbuminuria during their lifespan. Interestingly, both diabetic aging and normal aging mice showed progressive increases in oxidative stress markers such as plasma and urinary 8-isoprostane, as well as renal lipid hydroperoxide content. In renal tissues, proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules were significantly upregulated in an age-dependent manner. Expression of three NADPH oxidase (Nox) isoforms, namely, Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4, was significantly increased during aging. Compared with normal aging mice, diabetic db/db mice demonstrated more dramatic changes during aging process. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NADPH oxidases play an important role in the aging kidney under both normal and diabetic conditions. Targeting of these oxidases might be a new promising therapy to treat issues associated with aging kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gi Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Yeun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youb Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Han SY, Ghee JY, Cha JJ, Kang YS, Hur DY, Kim HS, Cha DR. Upregulation of VSIG4 in Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071031. [PMID: 35888119 PMCID: PMC9318196 DOI: 10.3390/life12071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final common finding in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease. V-set Ig domain containing 4 (VSIG4) is related to fibrosis in several diseases. It also contributes to fibrosis under high-glucose conditions in renal tubule cells. To determine the role of VSIG4 in type 2 diabetes, we examined VSIG4 expression in a type 2 diabetic animal model and podocyte. Urinary excretion of albumin and VSIG4 was significantly higher in db/db mice than in the control group. Urine VSIGs levels for 6 h were about three-fold higher in db/db mice than in db/m mice at 20 weeks of age: 55.2 ± 37.8 vs. 153.1 ± 74.3 ng, p = 0.04. Furthermore, urinary VSIG4 levels were significantly correlated with urinary albumin levels (r = 0.77, p < 0.01). Intrarenal VSIG4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in db/db mice than in control mice (1.00 ± 0.35 vs. 1.69 ± 0.77, p = 0.04). Further, VSIG4 expression was almost twice as high in db/db mice at 20 weeks of age. Intrarenal VSIG immunoreactivity in db/db mice was also significantly higher than that in control mice. In cultured podocytes, both high glucose and angiotensin II significantly upregulated the expression of VSIG4 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, VSIG4 was upregulated in an animal model of type 2 diabetes and was related to albuminuria and pro-fibrotic markers. Considering these relationships, VSIG4 may be an important mediator of diabetic nephropathy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youb Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Y.H.); (D.R.C.); Tel.: +82-31-910-7201 (S.Y.H.); +82-31-412-5572 (D.R.C.); Fax: +82-31-910-7219 (S.Y.H.); +82-31-412-5574 (D.R.C.)
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.Y.G.); (J.J.C.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.Y.G.); (J.J.C.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.Y.G.); (J.J.C.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea;
| | - Han Seong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Korea;
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.Y.G.); (J.J.C.); (Y.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.H.); (D.R.C.); Tel.: +82-31-910-7201 (S.Y.H.); +82-31-412-5572 (D.R.C.); Fax: +82-31-910-7219 (S.Y.H.); +82-31-412-5574 (D.R.C.)
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Cha JJ, Mandal C, Ghee JY, Yoo JA, Lee MJ, Kang YS, Hyun YY, Lee JE, Kim HW, Han SY, Han JY, Chung AY, Yoon DW, Rhyu IJ, Oh J, Cha DR. Inhibition of Renal Stellate Cell Activation Reduces Renal Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100431. [PMID: 33086608 PMCID: PMC7603238 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis is a common feature of chronic kidney disease, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β)-positive mesenchymal cells are reportedly the major source of scar-producing myofibroblasts. We had previously demonstrated that albumin and its derivative R-III (a retinol-binding protein-albumin domain III fusion protein) inhibited the transdifferentiation/activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to myofibroblasts and that R-III administration reduced liver fibrosis. In this study, we isolated cells (referred to as renal stellate cells, RSCs) from rat kidney tissues using the HSC isolation protocol and compared their morphological and biochemical characteristics with those of HSCs. RSCs shared many characteristics with HSCs, such as storage of vitamin A-containing lipid droplets and expression of HSC markers as well as pericyte markers. RSCs underwent spontaneous transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts in in vitro culture, which was inhibited by albumin expression or R-III treatment. We also evaluated the therapeutic effects of R-III in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis in mice. Injected R-III localized predominantly in cytoglobin/stellate cell activation-associated protein (Cygb/STAP)-positive cells in the kidney and reduced renal fibrosis. These findings suggest that RSCs can be recognized as the renal counterparts of HSCs and that RSCs represent an attractive therapeutic target for anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.J.C.); (J.Y.G.); (J.A.Y.); (M.J.L.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Chanchal Mandal
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.M.); (A.Y.C.); (D.W.Y.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.J.C.); (J.Y.G.); (J.A.Y.); (M.J.L.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Ji Ae Yoo
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.J.C.); (J.Y.G.); (J.A.Y.); (M.J.L.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Mi Jin Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.J.C.); (J.Y.G.); (J.A.Y.); (M.J.L.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.J.C.); (J.Y.G.); (J.A.Y.); (M.J.L.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Young Youl Hyun
- Department of Nephrology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea;
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo 15865, Korea; (J.E.L.); (H.W.K.)
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo 15865, Korea; (J.E.L.); (H.W.K.)
| | - Sang Youb Han
- Department of Nephrology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Ilsan 10380, Korea;
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Korea;
| | - Ah Young Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.M.); (A.Y.C.); (D.W.Y.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Dae Wui Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.M.); (A.Y.C.); (D.W.Y.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.M.); (A.Y.C.); (D.W.Y.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Junseo Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.M.); (A.Y.C.); (D.W.Y.); (I.J.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (D.R.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2286-1389 (J.O.); +82-31-412-5572 (D.R.C.)
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea; (J.J.C.); (J.Y.G.); (J.A.Y.); (M.J.L.); (Y.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (D.R.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2286-1389 (J.O.); +82-31-412-5572 (D.R.C.)
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Yoo JY, Cha DR, Kim B, An EJ, Lee SR, Cha JJ, Kang YS, Ghee JY, Han JY, Bae YS. LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Is Mediated by Nox4-SH3YL1. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108245. [PMID: 33086058 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic proteins are required for regulation of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (Nox) isozymes. Here we show that Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing YSC84-like 1 (SH3YL1), as a Nox4 cytosolic regulator, mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced H2O2 generation, leading to acute kidney injury. The SH3YL1, Ysc84p/Lsb4p, Lsb3p, and plant FYVE proteins (SYLF) region and SH3 domain of SH3YL1 contribute to formation of a complex with Nox4-p22phox. Interaction of p22phox with SH3YL1 is triggered by LPS, and the complex induces H2O2 generation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse tubular epithelial cells. After LPS injection, SH3YL1 knockout mice show lower levels of acute kidney injury biomarkers, decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased infiltration of macrophages, and reduced tubular damage compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The results strongly suggest that SH3YL1 is involved in renal failure in LPS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) mice. We demonstrate that formation of a ternary complex of p22phox-SH3YL1-Nox4, leading to H2O2 generation, induces severe renal failure in the LPS-induced AKI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516 Kojan-Dong, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do 425-020, Korea
| | - Borim Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Eun Jung An
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sae Rom Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516 Kojan-Dong, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do 425-020, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516 Kojan-Dong, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do 425-020, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516 Kojan-Dong, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do 425-020, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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Han JY, Cha JJ, Kang YS, Ghee JY, Yoo JA, Cha D. P0983INHIBITION OF ATF3 BY RAF INHIBITOR GW5074 ON DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-adaptive transcription factor, which has been suggested to be involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. ATF3 respond rapidly to various stimuli like high glucose, fatty acids and oxidative stress, and is observed to either protective or detrimental effects in diabetic condition. Therefore to elucidate the exact role in diabetic nephropathy of ATF3, we investigated the role of ATF3 by inhibition with Raf-inhibitor GW5047 on diabetic mice model.
Method
ATF3 level was examined in the mouse podocytes and NRK cells with either overexpression or downregulation with ATF3. 8 week db/m and db/db mice as the model of diabetic mice were examined for the expression of ATF3 and were treated with GW5074, a Raf1 kinase inhibitor targeting the ATF3 intraperitoneally with a dose of 0.5mg/kg for 12 weeks.
Results
In cultured mouse podocytes and NRK cells, high glucose and angiotensin II markedly increased ATF3 expression. Gene Expressions of NOX4, MCP-1 and NF-kB were augmented by ATF3, and were attenuated by ATF3 siRNA. In db/db mice, plasma ATF3 level was not different from control db/m, however the urinary ATF3 excretion was significantly higher. Treatment of GW5074 decreased urinary ATF3 excretion. After 12 week treatment, serum creatinine level was significantly lower in the treatment db/db group, with less systemic oxidative stress. There were no significant differences in body weight, whereas the food intake was decreased in GW5047 group. Overall lipid profile or HOMA-IR, HbA1c level was not different from each group. Serum adiponectin were otherwise increased in GW5074 group. Urinary excretion of albumin at 2 month of treatment decreased with urinary nephrin excretion. Trend of increased gene expression of JNK, p-38, smad2, ERK which was downregulated by GW5074 was noted.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that in diabetic condition, the activation of ATF3 is associated pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and targeting ATF3 may have a protective role in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Han
- Inha University, Pathology, Incheon, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Ji Ae Yoo
- Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Dae Cha
- Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
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Cha D, Han JY, Park JH, Kang YS, Ghee JY, Yoo JA, Cha JJ. P0725INDICATORS OF AGING KIDNEY, MEDIATORS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
The main characteristics of aging kidney are age dependent glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, therefore aging is now considered as an independent risk of chronic kidney disease. Extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) is an early indicator of aging. Therefore in order to search for early indicator of aging kidney, we examined the expressions of regulators of ECM in the kidney in biologically aging and disease aging mice.
Method
C57BL/6 mice were studied at 2, 6, 12, 24 months of age, and leptin-deficient db/db mice were studied at 3, 6, 9 months of age. Gene and protein expressions of the kidney were examined as well as kidney injury markers in blood and urine.
Results
As expected, the biologically aging B6 mice exhibited progressive microalbuminuria during the lifespan. Systemically, the aging mice showed decreased levels of adiponectin, insulin and cholesterols. In the kidney tissue, proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expressions, in association with its regulators were significantly increased in age-dependent manners. At 24months, MCP-1, PAI-1, Collagen IV, MMP7, MMP9, angiotensin II, FGF23 and β-catenin gene expressions were significantly increased, whereas MMP2 and Snail, a direct activator of MMP-2 were significantly decreased. Protein expressions showed similar patterns. In high glucose condition, several markers showed diverse features in aging mice. As compared to db/m control, gene expressions of proinflammatory, profibrotic molecule as well as its regulators were all significantly increased in diabetic condition. Angiotensin II, FGF23, MCP-1, MMP7 and MMP9, TIMP-1 were significantly upregulated in diabetic kidney according to ages and interestingly Klotho was significantly downregulated in aged diabetic kidney. Snail and MMP2 showed no significant differences.
Conclusion
MMPs are involved in the crosstalk of the cells and surrounding extracellular matrix and can be considered as the marker of aging kidney. The regulators of ECM matrix seems to be different according to its’ pathological conditions. Human clinical data is needed to render the clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Cha
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | | | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Ji Ae Yoo
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ansan, Korea, Rep. of South
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Cha JJ, Min HS, Ghee JY, Yoo JA, Choi G, Kang YS, Han JY, Cha DR. MP249THE EFFECT OF PANNOX INHIBITOR APX-115 ON CHRONIC RENAL INJURY IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MURINE MODEL OF UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx166.mp249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cha JJ, Min HS, Kim KT, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Kim HW, Lee JE, Han JY, Lee G, Ha HJ, Bae YS, Lee SR, Moon SH, Lee SC, Kim G, Kang YS, Cha DR. APX-115, a first-in-class pan-NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, protects db/db mice from renal injury. J Transl Med 2017; 97:419-431. [PMID: 28165467 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that renal Nox is important in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a novel pan-NOX-inhibitor, APX-115, on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. Eight- week-old db/m and db/db mice were treated with APX-115 for 12 weeks. APX-115 was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 60 mg/kg per day. To compare the effects of APX-115 with a dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, db/db mice were treated with GKT137831 according to the same protocol. APX-115 significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic mice, similar to GKT137831. Oxidative stress as measured by plasma 8-isoprostane level was decreased in the APX-115 group compared with diabetic controls. All lipid profiles, both in plasma and tissues improved with Nox inhibition. APX-115 treatment decreased Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 protein expression in the kidney. APX-115 decreased urinary albumin excretion and preserved creatinine level. In diabetic kidneys, APX-115 significantly improved mesangial expansion, but GKT137831 did not. In addition, F4/80 infiltration in the adipose tissue and kidney decreased with APX-115 treatment. We also found that TGF-β stimulated ROS generation in primary mouse mesangial cells (pMMCs) from wild-type, Nox1 KO, and Duox1 KO mice, but did not induce Nox activity in pMMCs from Nox2 knockout (KO), Nox4 KO, or Duox2 KO mice. These results indicate that activating Nox2, Nox4, or Duox2 in pMMCs is essential for TGF-β-mediated ROS generation. Our findings suggest that APX-115 may be as effective or may provide better protection than the dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, and pan-Nox inhibition with APX-115 might be a promising therapy for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gayoung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun Joo Ha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Rom Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Ganghyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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Min HS, Cha JJ, Kim K, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Kim H, Lee JE, Han JY, Jeong LS, Cha DR, Kang YS. Renoprotective Effects of a Highly Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist in a Mouse Model of Adriamycin-induced Nephropathy. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1403-12. [PMID: 27510383 PMCID: PMC4974181 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of adenosine in the normal kidney increases markedly during renal hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation. A recent study reported that an A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist attenuated the progression of renal fibrosis. The adriamycin (ADX)-induced nephropathy model induces podocyte injury, which results in severe proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of a highly selective A3AR antagonist (LJ1888) in ADX-induced nephropathy. Three groups of six-week-old Balb/c mice were treated with ADX (11 mg/kg) for four weeks and LJ1888 (10 mg/kg) for two weeks as following: 1) control; 2) ADX; and 3) ADX + LJ1888. ADX treatment decreased body weight without a change in water and food intake, but this was ameliorated by LJ1888 treatment. Interestingly, LJ1888 lowered plasma creatinine level, proteinuria, and albuminuria, which had increased during ADX treatment. Furthermore, LJ1888 inhibited urinary nephrin excretion as a podocyte injury marker, and urine 8-isoprostane and kidney lipid peroxide concentration, which are markers of oxidative stress, increased after injection of ADX. ADX also induced the activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules such as TGF-β1, MCP-1, PAI-1, type IV collagen, NF-κB, NOX4, TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but they were remarkably suppressed after LJ1888 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that LJ1888 has a renoprotective effect in ADX-induced nephropathy, which might be associated with podocyte injury through oxidative stress. Therefore, LJ1888, a selective A3AR antagonist, could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in renal glomerular diseases which include podocyte injury and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Min
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Medical College, Incheon, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
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Kang YS, Lee MH, Song HK, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Cha JJ, Lee JE, Kim HW, Han JY, Cha DR. Chronic Administration of Visfatin Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2016; 41:311-24. [PMID: 27221663 DOI: 10.1159/000443433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Visfatin is a known adipokine which may improve insulin resistance in obesity and have an anti-diabetic effect via the insulin receptor. We studied the effects of visfatin on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS Diabetic male db/db mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of visfatin. Basal parameters were measured in all mice and glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed in diabetic mice. The histopathological and molecular changes were evaluated in diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS Visfatin treatment had no effect on body weight, water and food intake, urinary volume, blood glucose, and HbA1c level. However, visfatin improved HOMA-IR, GTT, ITT and decreased plasma insulin and visfatin level, but not adiponectin level. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride level were also improved by visfatin treatment. Significantly, visfatin decreased albuminuria in diabetic mice. Glomerulosclerotic change and mesangial expansion in the kidneys were significantly reduced. In addition, visfatin inhibited the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines such as MCP-1, TGFβ1, type IV collagen, and PAI-1. The enzymes related to lipid metabolism in the kidney, HMG-CoAR was suppressed by visfatin treatment, whereas FXR and ABCA1 were significantly elevated by treatment. CONCLUSION Visfatin might have a protective effect in diabetic nephropathy without the hypoglycemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology , Korea University Medical College, Ansan, South Korea
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14
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Jenjob R, Kun N, Ghee JY, Shen Z, Wu X, Cho SK, Lee DH, Yang SG. Enhanced conjugation stability and blood circulation time of macromolecular gadolinium-DTPA contrast agent. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 61:659-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Kim JY, Ghee JY, Lim SW, Piao SG, Chung BH, Yoon HE, Hwang HS, Choi BS, Kim J, Yang CW. Comparison of early and late conversion of sirolimus in experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:160-9. [PMID: 22323863 PMCID: PMC3271289 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus (SRL) is a promising drug for replacing calcineurin inhibitors. We performed this study to determine the optimal time of conversion from cyclosporine (CsA) to SRL in an experimental model of chronic CsA nephropathy. Three separate studies were performed. In the first study, SRL was given to rats with or without CsA for 4 weeks. In the second study, rats were treated initially with CsA for 1 week, and then switched to SRL (early conversion). In the third study, CsA was given for 4 weeks and then replaced by SRL for 4 weeks treatment of CsA (late conversion). The influence of SRL on CsA-induced renal injury was evaluated by assessing renal function, histopathology (interstitial inflammation and fibrosis), and apoptotic cell death. Combined CsA and SRL treatment significantly impaired renal function, increased apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis and inflammation compared with CsA or SRL treatment alone. Early conversion to SRL did not change renal function, histopathology, or apoptosis compared with early CsA withdrawal. By contrast, late conversion to SRL significantly aggravated these parameters compared with late CsA withdrawal. In conclusion, early conversion from CsA to SRL is effective in preventing CsA-induced renal injury in a setting of CsA-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shang Guo Piao
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Eun Yoon
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Hwang H, Ghee JY, Song JH, Piao S, Yang CW. Comparison of adverse drug reaction profiles of two tacrolimus formulations in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:434-42. [PMID: 21970589 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.618135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrobell(®) (TB) is a generic tacrolimus which showed the comparable efficacy to original product, Prograf(®) (PG) in renal transplantation, but toxicity between two drugs is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity between these two formulations. TB and PG (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day) was administered to rats for 4 weeks. The rat survival rate, kidney, liver and pancreas injury was investigated. The survival rate was similar between TB- and PG-treated rats. TB and PG induced renal dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to PG treatment in equal dose, TB treatment reduced urinary creatinine clearance in a less degree and renal interstitial fibrosis was comparable between two regimens. The r-glutamyl transpeptidase was aggravated by tacrolimus treatment, and this was not different between TB and PG treatment. In the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, a significant diabetogenic effect was observed in all tacrolimus treated-rats. The glucose tolerance of TB-treated rats was similar to those of PG-treated rats in each dose. The decrement in pancreatic β-cell mass by tacrolimus showed the dose-dependent response and it was comparable between TB and PG treatment. In conclusion, TB is similar to PG in terms of nephrotoxicity, hepatoxicity and diabetogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeonSeok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon HE, Ghee JY, Piao S, Song JH, Han DH, Kim S, Ohashi N, Kobori H, Kuro-o M, Yang CW. Angiotensin II blockade upregulates the expression of Klotho, the anti-ageing gene, in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:800-13. [PMID: 20813770 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Klotho gene plays a role in suppressing ageing-related disorders. It is suggested that activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or oxidative stress suppresses Klotho in the kidney. This study evaluated the association between Klotho expression and RAS in cyclosporine (CsA)-induced renal injury. METHODS Chronic CsA nephropathy was induced by administering CsA (30 mg/kg) to mice on a low-salt diet (LSD) for 4 weeks. A normal-salt diet (NSD) was used as the control. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed for Klotho and intrarenal RAS activity was measured using immunohistochemistry for angiotensinogen and renin. Oxidative stress was measured with urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). RESULTS CsA treatment decreased Klotho mRNA and protein in mouse kidney in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, but a concurrent treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, reversed the decrease in Klotho expression with histological improvement. This finding was more marked in the LSD than the NSD. Klotho expression was correlated with angiotensinogen and renin expression, tubulointerstitial fibrosis score and urinary 8-OHdG excretion. CONCLUSIONS Angiotensin II may play a pivotal role in regulating Klotho expression in CsA-induced renal injury. AT1 receptor blocker may inhibit the ageing process by decreasing oxidative stress caused by CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
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Song HK, Han DH, Song JH, Ghee JY, Piao SG, Kim SH, Yoon HE, Li C, Kim J, Yang CW. Influence of sirolimus on cyclosporine-induced pancreas islet dysfunction in rats. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:2024-33. [PMID: 19624561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of sirolimus (SRL) on cyclosporine (CsA)-induced pancreatic islet dysfunction in rats. Three separate studies were performed. First, diabetogenic effect of SRL was evaluated with three different doses (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Second, rats were treated with SRL (0.3 mg/kg) with or without CsA (15 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Third, rats were treated with CsA for 4 weeks, and then switched to SRL for 4 weeks. The effect of SRL on CsA-induced pancreatic islet dysfunction was evaluated by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin concentration, HbA1c level, HOMA-R index, immunohistochemistry of insulin and pancreatic beta islet cell mass. The SRL treatment increased blood glucose concentration in a dose-dependent manner. The combined treatment with SRL and CsA increased blood glucose concentration, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, HOMA-R [fasting insulin (mU/mL) x fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5] index and decreased plasma insulin concentration, immunoreactivity of insulin and pancreatic beta islet cell mass compared with rats treated with CsA. CsA withdrawal for 4 weeks improved pancreatic beta-cell function and structure. However, conversion from CsA to SRL further increased blood glucose levels compared with the rats converted from vehicle to SRL. The results of our study demonstrate that SRL is diabetogenic and aggravates CsA-induced pancreatic islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Song
- Transplant Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SH, Oh EJ, Ghee JY, Song HK, Han DH, Yoon HE, Choi BS, Yoon SK, Choi JY, Moon IS, Kim DG, Yang CW. Clinical significance of monitoring circulating CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in kidney transplantation during the early posttransplant period. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24 Suppl:S135-42. [PMID: 19194543 PMCID: PMC2633210 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.s1.s135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) play an important role in immune tolerance in experimental transplantation but the clinical significance of circulating Tregs in the peripheral blood is undetermined. In 50 kidney transplant (KT) recipients, 29 healthy controls and 32 liver transplant (LT) recipients, the frequency of Tregs was measured with flow cytometry before and after transplantation. In the KT recipients, IL-10 secretion was measured with an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The median frequency of circulating Tregs before KT was similar to that in healthy controls but significantly lower than that in LT patients before transplantation. The frequency of Tregs was significantly decreased in patients with subclinical acute rejection compared with those without subclinical acute rejection. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and anti-CD25 antibody decreased the frequency of Tregs but mTOR inhibitor did not. The frequency of donor-specific IL-10 secreting cells did not correlate with the number of Tregs. The frequency of circulating Tregs in KT recipients is strongly affected by CNIs and anti-CD25 antibody, and a low frequency of Tregs is associated with subclinical acute rejection during the early posttransplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Lim SW, Ahn KO, Kim WY, Han DH, Li C, Ghee JY, Han KH, Kim HY, Handlogten ME, Kim J, Yang CW, Weiner ID. Expression of ammonia transporters, Rhbg and Rhcg, in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy in rats. Nephron Clin Pract 2008; 110:e49-58. [PMID: 18776723 DOI: 10.1159/000153245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cyclosporine (CsA)-induced renal injury causes renal tubular acidosis. The current study was performed to evaluate the influence of CsA-induced renal injury on the ammonia transporter family members, Rh B-glycoprotein (Rhbg) and Rh C-glycoprotein (Rhcg). METHODS Rats were treated daily for 1 or 4 weeks with vehicle (VH) or CsA. Induction of chronic CsA-induced nephropathy was confirmed by demonstrating impaired renal function and characteristic histopathology. Rhbg and Rhcg expression was evaluated with immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR and electron microscopy. RESULTS CsA treatment for 4 weeks developed mild metabolic acidosis and decreased urinary ammonia excretion. Rhcg mRNA expression was unchanged in both the cortex and outer medulla, but Rhcg protein expression in the CsA group was significantly reduced in the cortex and outer medulla. There were no significant differences in Rhbg mRNA and protein expression between the CsA and VH group. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with CsA in rats results in decreased urinary ammonia excretion accompanied by decreased expression of Rhcg; these changes are likely to mediate the CsA-induced defect in ammonium excretion in the collecting duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Han SW, Li C, Ahn KO, Lim SW, Song HG, Jang YS, Cho YM, Jang YM, Ghee JY, Kim JY, Kim SH, Kim J, Kwon OJ, Yang CW. Prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress induces apoptotic cell death in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2008; 28:707-14. [PMID: 18434710 DOI: 10.1159/000127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Apoptosis contributes to cyclosporine (CsA)-induced renal cell death. This study tested the effects of CsA-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on apoptotic cell death in an experimental model of chronic CsA nephropathy. METHODS CsA (15 mg/kg per day) was given to rats for 7 or 28 days. The ER stress response was evaluated with BiP expression, and the proapoptotic response was assessed with CHOP and caspase 12 expression. ER structure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and apoptotic cell death was detected with TUNEL staining. RESULTS Short-term treatment of CsA for 7 days activated both the ER stress response (induction of BiP mRNA and protein) and the proapoptotic response (upregulation of caspase 12 and CHOP mRNAs and proteins). However, long-term treatment with CsA for 28 days decreased BiP and further increased CHOP. The imbalance between the two responses coincided with the timing of the appearance of apoptotic cell death and the disruption of the ER structure. CONCLUSION Prolonged CsA-induced ER stress causes apoptotic cell death by depleting molecular chaperones and activating the proapoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Ahn KO, Lim SW, Li C, Yang HJ, Ghee JY, Kim JY, Kim SH, Kim J, Yang CW. Influence of angiotensin II on expression of toll-like receptor 2 and maturation of dendritic cells in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Transplantation 2007; 83:938-47. [PMID: 17460566 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000258589.39006.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin (Ang) II plays an important role in immune regulation. We evaluate the influence of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the innate immune response caused by cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced renal injury. METHODS Two separate studies were performed in Sprague Dawley rats. First, losartan (LSRT, 10 mg/kg per day) was concurrently administered with CsA (15 mg/kg per day) for 28 days. Second, AngII (435 ng/kg/min) was infused with or without LSRT for 14 days. RESULTS AngII blockade with LSRT decreased toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA and protein expression, expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA, and expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen, which was upregulated in CsA-induced renal injury. The increased number of matured dendritic cells (DCs) in CsA-induced renal injury was also decreased by concomitant treatment of LSRT. Direct infusion of AngII increased TNF-alpha mRNA, TLR2 mRNA, and protein and the number of DCs, compared with the control rat kidney. In contrast, concomitant treatment of LSRT decreased all parameters. CONCLUSION AngII plays a pivotal role in activating the innate immune response in CsA-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ohk Ahn
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YO, Lim SW, Li C, Kang HJ, Ahn KO, Yang HJ, Ghee JY, Kim SH, Kim JY, Choi BS, Kim J, Yang CW. Activation of intrarenal complement system in mouse model for chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Yonsei Med J 2007; 48:517-25. [PMID: 17594162 PMCID: PMC2628083 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.3.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Local activation of the complement system plays a role in target organ damage. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of cyclosporine (CsA)- induced renal injury on the complement system in the kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice fed a low salt (0.01%) diet were treated with vehicle (VH, olive oil, 1 mL/kg/day) or CsA (30 mg/kg/day) for one or four weeks. Induction of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity was evaluated with renal function and histomorphology. Activation of the complement system was assessed through analysis of the expression of C3, C4d, and membrane attack complex (MAC), and the regulatory proteins, CD46 and CD55. CsA treatment induced renal dysfunction and typical morphology (tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis) at four weeks. RESULTS CsA-induced renal injury was associated with increased the expression of C3, C4d, and MAC (C9 and upregulation of complement regulatory proteins (CD 46 and CD55). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the activated complement components were mainly confined to the injured tubulointerstitium. CONCLUSION CsA-induced renal injury is associated with activation of the intrarenal complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ok Kim
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Can Li
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, YanBian University Medical College, YanJi 133000, JiLin, PR China
| | - Hee Jung Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Ohk Ahn
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Yang
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su hyun Kim
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Cell Death Research Center, Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Xenotransplantation Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Han KH, Lee UY, Jang YS, Cho YM, Jang YM, Hwang IA, Ghee JY, Lim SW, Kim WY, Yang CW, Kim J, Kwon OJ. Differential regulation of B/K protein expression in proximal and distal tubules of rat kidneys with ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 292:F100-6. [PMID: 16896191 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00009.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain/kidney (B/K) protein is a novel double C2-like-domain protein that is highly expressed in rat brain and kidney, but its cellular localization and functional role in the kidney are still undetermined. We examined the cellular localization of B/K protein in the rat kidney under normal and ischemic conditions. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by clamping both renal arteries for 45 min, and animals were killed at 1 and 6 h and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days after the reperfusion. Kidney tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analyses using rabbit anti-B/K polyclonal antibodies. In control kidneys, B/K protein was expressed primarily in distal tubules including the thick ascending limb, distal convoluted and connecting tubules, and collecting duct. Notably, B/K protein was also expressed in the straight portion (S3 segment), but not in the S1 or S2, of proximal tubules, and podocytes of the glomerulus. In rat kidneys with I/R injury, expression of B/K protein was differentially regulated according to the anatomic location. In distal tubules, overall expression of B/K protein was markedly decreased. On the other hand, I/R injury significantly increased B/K protein expression in the S3 segment of the outer medulla as well as in the rat proximal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E in vitro. Furthermore, B/K protein was strongly expressed in many exfoliated cells in the lumen and urine. These findings suggest that B/K protein is closely associated with cell death in proximal tubules, which are vulnerable to I/R injury in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hwan Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea
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Huh YH, Bahk SJ, Ghee JY, Yoo SH. Subcellular distribution of chromogranins A and B in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:5145-51. [PMID: 16140299 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major secretory granule proteins chromogranins A (CGA) and B (CGB) have recently been shown to play critical roles in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) mobilizations. We determined here the subcellular distribution of CGA and CGB based on 3D-images of chromaffin cells, and found that approximately 95% of cellular CGA was present in secretory granules while approximately 5% was in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas approximately 57% of cellular CGB was in secretory granules while approximately 24% and approximately 19% were in the ER and nucleus, respectively. These results suggest that chromogranins are at the center of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hoon Huh
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Secretory Granule Research, and Department of Biochemistry, Inha University College of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
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