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Chudhary HF, Ali A, Bibi S, Waqas M, Rafique S, Idrees M, Halim SA, Abdellattif MH, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Transcriptional Analysis of TP53 Gene in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir, Pegylated Interferon, and Ribavirin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14784-14791. [PMID: 37125127 PMCID: PMC10134244 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem that affects more than 170 million people globally. HCV is a principal cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) around the globe due to the high frequency of hepatitis C infection, and the high rate of HCC is seen in patients with HCV cirrhosis. TP53 is considered as a frequently altered gene in all cancer types, and it carries an interferon response element in its promoter region. In addition to that, the TP53 gene also interacts with different HCV proteins. HCV proteins especially NS3 protein and core protein induce the mutations in the TP53 gene that lower the expression of this gene in HCV patients and leads to HCC development. In this study, we examined the transcriptional analysis of the TP53 gene in HCV-infected patients administered with different combinations of antiviral therapies including sofosbuvir + daclatasvir, sofosbuvir + ribavirin, and pegylated interferon + ribavirin. This study included 107 subjects; 15 treated with sofosbuvir + daclatasvir, 58 treated with sofosbuvir + ribavirin, 11 treated with interferon + ribavirin, 8 untreated, 10 HCC patients, and 5 were healthy controls. Total RNA was extracted from the PMBCs of HCV infected patients and reverse transcribed into cDNA using a gene specific reverse primer. The expression level of TP53 mRNA was analyzed using quantitative PCR. The expression of TP53 mRNA was notably upregulated in rapid virological response (RVR), early virological response (EVR), and sustained virological response (SVR) groups as compared to non-responders and naïve groups. The expression of TP53 mRNA was seen high in HCC as compared to control groups. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that sofosbuvir + daclatasvir treatment stimulates significant elevation in TP53 gene expression as compared to (sofosbuvir + ribavirin) and (IFN + ribavirin) treatment. This study indicates that the TP53 gene expression is highly upregulated in RVR, EVR, and SVR groups as compared to control groups. Moreover, sofosbuvir + daclatasvir therapy induces significant rise in TP53 mRNA expression levels as compared to (sofosbuvir + ribavirin) and (IFN + ribavirin) treatment. According to these results, it can be concluded that sofosbuvir + daclatasvir plays a significant role in preventing HCV patients from developing severe liver complications as compared to other administered therapies. This study is novel as no such type of study has been conducted previously on the expression of TP53 in local HCV-infected population treated with different combinations of therapies. This study is helpful for the development of new therapeutic strategies and for improving existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza
Rida Farooq Chudhary
- Division
of Molecular Virology, Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Division
of Molecular Virology, Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department
of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 2100, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Bibi
- Department
of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 2100, Pakistan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Division
of Molecular Virology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division
of Molecular Virology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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Wang H, Xin X, Wang M, Han L, Li J, Hao Y, Zheng C, Shen C. Myxovirus resistance protein A inhibits hepatitis C virus replication through JAK-STAT pathway activation. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1429-1438. [PMID: 29417241 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-inducible dynamin-like GTPase myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) exhibits activity against multiple viruses. However, its role in the life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is unclear, and the mechanisms underlying the anti-HCV activity of MxA require further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous MxA expression in the Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 hepatoma cell lines significantly decreased the levels of HCV RNA and core proteins, whereas MxA knockdown exerted the opposite effect. MxA-mediated inhibition of HCV replication was found to involve the JAK-STAT pathway: STAT1 phosphorylation and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as guanylate-binding protein 1 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 were augmented by MxA overexpression and reduced by endogenous MxA silencing. Treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib abrogated the MxA-mediated suppression of HCV replication and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Additionally, transfection with an MxA mutant with disrupted GTP-binding consensus motifs abrogated activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and resistance to HCV replication. This study shows that MxA inhibits HCV replication by activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway through a mechanism involving its GTPase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Aslam R, Raza SM, Naeemi H, Mubarak B, Afzal N, Khaliq S. SOCS3 mRNA expression and polymorphisms as pretreatment predictor of response to HCV genotype 3a IFN-based treatment. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1826. [PMID: 27818864 PMCID: PMC5074986 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aim Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene belongs to SOCS family as one of the negative regulators of cytokine signaling and IFN response that function via the JAK-STAT pathway in antiviral response. SOCS3 expression and genetic polymorphism influences the pathogenesis and outcome of antiviral treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. This study was designed for analysis of SOCS3 gene expression and polymorphism in Pakistani HCV patients. Methods This descriptive study was conducted on 250 diagnosed HCV genotype 3a infected subjects. The study population was divided into two major groups on the basis of therapeutic response i.e. sustained virological response (SVR) and non-responders/relapsers (NR). SOCS3 gene mRNA expression analysis was done by using Real time PCR technique, whereas ARMS PCR technique was used for analysis of SOCS3 gene polymorphisms i.e. 8464 A/C (rs12952093), −4874 A/G (rs4969170) and −1383 A/G, (rs4969168). Results Gene expression analysis of SOCS3 showed that there was statistically significant increase of 2.275-fold and 3.72-fold in relative gene expression for SVR and NR as compared to normal healthy samples (p < 0.001). The distribution of rs4969168, rs4969170 and rs12952093 genotype frequencies between SVR versus NR group were not statistically significant, only the allelic frequency of rs4969170 was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.0001) with therapeutic response. Conclusion The gene expression analysis of SOCS3 showed a clear difference in mRNA expression of SOCS3 as a possible indicator of therapeutic response rather than polymorphism of SOCS3 gene in our studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Aslam
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mohsin Raza
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan ; Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humeira Naeemi
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mubarak
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Afzal
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan ; Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Świątek-Kościelna B, Kałużna EM, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Rembowska J, Mozer-Lisewska I, Bereszyńska I, Czubała K, Dziechciowska K, Wysocka-Leszczyńska J, Barcińska D, Wysocki J, Nowak JS. HCV Infection and Interferon-Based Treatment Induce p53 Gene Transcription in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:434-41. [PMID: 26266944 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that the tumor suppressor p53 gene, classified as an interferon-stimulated gene, is implicated in the interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immunity against viruses. This study aimed to examine the transcriptional response of the p53 gene to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and IFN-based therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. The study included 65 CHC patients (HCV genotype 1), treated with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin, and 51 healthy individuals. p53 gene expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Analyses were performed before and at weeks 4 and 12 of treatment. p53 gene expression was significantly upregulated in CHC patients compared with healthy controls and at week 4 of therapy. No significant differences in p53 mRNA expression between rapid virologic responders, complete early virologic responders, and nonresponders were observed. No significant correlation was found between p53 gene expression and viral load. The results obtained indicate that HCV infection and IFN-based treatment induces p53 gene transcription in PBMCs. The p53 gene may therefore play a role in HCV infection but is not directly involved in treatment-induced HCV elimination. Moreover, variations in p53 gene expression do not determine on-treatment response in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Świątek-Kościelna
- 1 Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Maria Kałużna
- 1 Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska
- 1 Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznań, Poland .,2 Department of Medical Diagnostics, Poznań, Poland .,3 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Medical Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rembowska
- 1 Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Mozer-Lisewska
- 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medical Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Bereszyńska
- 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medical Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Joanna Wysocka-Leszczyńska
- 1 Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Wysocki
- 5 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Medical Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stanisław Nowak
- 1 Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznań, Poland
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Yee BE, Nguyen NH, Zhang B, Lin D, Vutien P, Wong CR, Lutchman GA, Nguyen MH. Sustained virological response and its treatment predictors in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 compared to genotypes 1, 2, and 3: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2015; 2:e000049. [PMID: 26462288 PMCID: PMC4599167 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN+RBV) may be more cost-effective than direct-acting antivirals in resource-limited settings. Current literature suggests sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is similar to genotype 1 (HCV-1), but worse than 2 and 3 (HCV-2/3). However, few studies have compared treatment response between these groups and these have been limited by small sample sizes with heterogeneous designs. We performed a meta-analysis of SVR predictors in HCV-4 versus HCV-1, 2, and 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV. METHODS In November 2013, we searched for 'genotype 4' in MEDLINE/EMBASE databases and scientific conferences. We included original articles with ≥25 treatment-naïve HCV-4 and comparisons to HCV-1, 2, and/or 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV. Random effects modelling was used with heterogeneity defined by Cochrane Q-test (p value<0.10) and I(2) statistic (>50%). RESULTS Five studies with 20 014 patients (899 HCV-4; 12 033 HCV-1; and 7082 HCV-2/3 patients) were included. SVR was 53% (CI 43% to 62%) for HCV-4, 44% (CI 40% to 47%) for HCV-1; and 73% (CI 58% to 84%) for HCV-2/3. SVR with EVR (early virological response) was 75% (CI 61% to 86%) in HCV-4; 64% (CI 46% to 79%) in HCV-1; and 85% (CI 71% to 93%) in HCV-2/3. SVR without EVR was 10% (CI 6% to 17%) for HCV-4; 13% (CI 12% to 15%) for HCV-1; and 23% (CI 16% to 33%) for HCV-2/3. CONCLUSIONS SVR rates are similar in HCV-4 (∼50%) and HCV-1 (∼40%). Lack of EVR is a good stopping rule for HCV-4 and HCV-1 since only 10% subsequently achieve SVR. In HCV-4 patients with EVR, three-quarters can expect to achieve SVR with PEG-IFN+RBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Yee
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nghia H Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Derek Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Philip Vutien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carrie R Wong
- Department of Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Glen A Lutchman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Brown SG, Knowell AE, Hunt A, Patel D, Bhosle S, Chaudhary J. Interferon inducible antiviral MxA is inversely associated with prostate cancer and regulates cell cycle, invasion and Docetaxel induced apoptosis. Prostate 2015; 75:266-79. [PMID: 25327819 PMCID: PMC4293202 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interferon inducible Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance A (MxA) is considered as a key mediator of the interferon-induced antiviral response. Mx proteins contain the typical GTP-binding motif and show significant homology to dynamin family of GTPases. Strong interaction of MxA with tubulin suggests that Mx proteins could be involved in mitosis. Studies have shown that MxA inhibit tumor motility/metastasis and virus induced apoptosis. However, the clear association between MxA expression and cancer remains unknown. Meta-analysis suggested that MxA expression was inversely correlated with prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we demonstrate the expression MxA in PCa and its functional significance on the cancer phenotype. METHODS The expression of MxA protein in prostate cancer was examined by immuno-histochemistry. MxA was knocked down (shMxA) or over-expressed (pMxA) in DU145 or LNCaP PCa cell lines respectively. These cell lines were used to study proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and anchorage independent growth. Co-localization of MxA with tubulin was performed by immuno-cytochemistry following Docetaxel treatment. RESULTS The expression of MxA protein was significantly decreased in PCa as compared to the normal tissues. DU145 cells lacking MxA (DU145 + chMxA) showed significant increase in proliferation, associated with decreased expression of CDKN1A and B. Increased migration, anchorage independent growth in DU145 + shMxA cells was associated with increased MMP13 expression. Tubulin organization was also dependent on MxA expression. Tubulin polymerizing agents such as Docetaxel was less effective in promoting apoptosis in cells lacking MxA due to altered tubulin organization. Gain of MxA expression in LNCaP cells (LNCaP + pMxA) resulted in cell cycle arrest that was associated with increased expression of CDKN1A. MxA expression was also down-regulated by dihydrotestosterone in LNCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS MxA expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer. Down-regulation of MxA in LNCaP cells by DHT suggests that MxA could play a significant role in disease progression. Loss of MxA expression results in increased metastasis and decreased sensitivity to Docetaxel suggesting that MxA expression could determine the outcome of chemo-therapeutic treatment. Additional studies will be required to fully establish the cross-talk between androgen receptor-IFN pathway in regulating MxA expression in the normal prostate and prostate cancer. Prostate 75:266-279, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanora G Brown
- Dept. of Biology, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC 29117
| | - Ashley E Knowell
- Dept. of Biology, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC 29117
| | - Aisha Hunt
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314
| | - Divya Patel
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314
| | - Sushma Bhosle
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314
| | - Jaideep Chaudhary
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Jaideep Chaudhary, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30314 Tel: 404 880 6821 FAX: 404 880 8065
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Huang S, Qing J, Wang S, Wang H, Zhang L, Tang Y. Design and synthesis of imidazo[1,2-α][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives as anti-HCV agents via direct C-H arylation. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2344-8. [PMID: 24595428 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RO8191 represents a newly identified small-molecule IFN-α-substitute, which displays potent anti-HCV activity. In this communication, we reported the design and synthesis of two series of imidazo[1,2-α][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives, as RO8191 analogues, via a direct C-H arylation approach. Notably, by adjusting the reaction conditions, we could achieve the two series of analogues via regioselective single- and double-arylations, respectively. The anti-HCV activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated within the HCV cell culture system, and the preliminary results showed that some of them displayed promising anti-HCV activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdian Huang
- The Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, and The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Meta-analysis: influence of host and viral factors in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:1189-201. [PMID: 25171028 PMCID: PMC4180769 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The burden of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is high in Africa and East Mediterranean countries. Previous reports estimate sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HCV-4 to be ∼20-70%. However, many of these studies are limited by different study designs and small sample sizes. Our aim was to evaluate treatment outcome and host/viral factors on SVR in HCV-4 patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG IFN+RBV) in a systematic and quantitative manner. A comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE for 'genotype 4' was conducted in November 2013. Abstracts from American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Asian Pacific Study of the Liver, Digestive Disease Week, and European Association for the Study of the Liver in 2012/2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were original studies with at least 25 treatment-naive HCV-4 patients treated with PEG IFN+RBV. Exclusion criteria were coinfection with HIV, hepatitis B virus, or other genotypes. Effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was determined by Cochrane Q-test (P<0.05) and I statistic (>50%). We included 51 studies (11 102 HCV-4 patients) in the primary analysis. Pooled SVR was 53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 50-55%] (Q-statistic=269.20, P<0.05; I=81.43). On subgroup analyses, SVR was significantly associated with lower viral load, odds ratio (OR) 3.05 (CI: 1.80-5.17, P<0.001); mild fibrosis, OR 3.17 (CI: 2.19-4.59, P<0.001); and favorable IL28B polymorphisms, rs12979860 CC versus CT/TT, OR 4.70 (CI: 2.87-7.69, P<0.001), and rs8099917 TT versus GT/GG, OR 5.21 (CI: 2.31-11.73, P<0.001). HCV-4 patients treated with PEG IFN+RBV may expect SVR rates of ∼50%. Lower viral load, mild fibrosis, and favorable IL28B (rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT) are positively associated with SVR.
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Qashqari H, Al-Mars A, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A, Damanhouri G, Alqahtani M, Mahmoud M, El Sayed Zaki M, Fatima K, Qadri I. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced interferon resistance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:113-9. [PMID: 23831932 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the foremost causes of chronic liver disease affecting over 300 million globally. HCV contains a positive-stranded RNA of ~9600 nt and is surrounded by the 5' and 3'untranslated regions (UTR). The only successful treatment regimen includes interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. Like many other viruses, HCV has also evolved various mechanisms to circumvent the IFN response by blocking (1) downstream signaling actions via STAT1, STAT2, IRF9 and JAK-STAT pathways and (2) repertoire of IFN Stimulatory Genes (ISGs). Several studies have identified complex host demographic and genetic factors as well as viral genetic heterogeneity associated with outcomes of IFN therapy. The genetic predispositions of over 2000 ISGS may render the patients to become resistant, thus identification of such parameters within a subset of population are necessary for management corollary. The ability of various HCV genotypes to diminish IFN antiviral responses plays critical role in the establishment of chronic infection at the acute stage of infection, thus highlighting importance of the resistance in HCV treated groups. The recently defined role of viral protein such as C, E2, NS3/NS4 and NS5A proteins in inducing the IFN resistance are discussed in this article. How the viral and host genetic composition and epistatic connectivity among polymorphic genomic sites synchronizes the evolutionary IFN resistance trend remains under investigation. However, these signals may have the potential to be employed for accurate prediction of therapeutic outcomes. In this review article, we accentuate the significance of host and viral components in IFN resistance with the aim to determine the successful outcome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi Qashqari
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kofman AV, Letson C, Dupart E, Bao Y, Newcomb WW, Schiff D, Brown J, Abounader R. The p53-microRNA-34a axis regulates cellular entry receptors for tumor-associated human herpes viruses. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:62-7. [PMID: 23643704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of reports indicate the frequent presence of DNA sequences and gene products of human cytomegalovirus in various tumors as compared to adjacent normal tissues, the brain tumors being studied most intensely. The mechanisms underlying the tropism of human cytomegalovirus to the tumor cells or to the cells of tumor origin, as well as the role of the host's genetic background in virus-associated oncogenesis are not well understood. It is also not clear why cytomegalovirus can be detected in many but not in all tumor specimens. Our in silico prediction results indicate that microRNA-34a may be involved in replication of some human DNA viruses by targeting and downregulating the genes encoding a diverse group of proteins, such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha, complement component receptor 2, herpes simplex virus entry mediators A, B, and C, and CD46. Notably, while their functions vary, these surface molecules have one feature in common: they serve as cellular entry receptors for human DNA viruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus 6, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, and adenoviruses) that are either proven or suspected to be linked with malignancies. MicroRNA-34a is strictly dependent on its transcriptional activator tumor suppressor protein p53, and both p53 and microRNA-34a are frequently mutated or downregulated in various cancers. We hypothesize that p53-microRNA-34a axis may alter susceptibility of cells to infection with some viruses that are detected in tumors and either proven or suspected to be associated with tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Kofman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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