1
|
Chawla S, Choudhury S, Das A. Bioengineered MSC GFPCxcr2-Mmp13 Transplantation Alleviates Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:110-137. [PMID: 38183635 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Hepatic fibrosis is the pathological change during chronic liver diseases (CLD) that turns into cirrhosis if not reversed timely. Allogenic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is an alternative to liver transplantation for CLD. However, poor engraftment of the transplanted MSCs limits their therapeutic efficacy. MSCs express chemokine receptors that regulate their physiology. We observed several-fold increased expressions of Cxcl3 and decreased expression of Mmp13 in the fibrotic liver. Therefore, we bioengineered MSCs with stable overexpression of Cxcr2 (CXCL3-cognate receptor) and Mmp13, collagenase (MSCGFPCxcr2-Mmp13). Results: The CXCL3/CXCR2 axis significantly increased migration through the activation of AKT/ERK/mTOR signaling. These bioengineered MSCs transdifferentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (MSCGFPCxcr2-Mmp13-HLCs) that endured the drug-/hepatotoxicant-induced toxicity by significantly increasing the antioxidants-Nrf2 and Sod2, while decreasing the apoptosis-Cyt C, Casp3, Casp9, and drug-metabolizing enzyme-Cyp1A1, Cyp1A2, Cyp2E1 markers. Therapeutic transplantation of MSCGFPCxcr2-Mmp13 abrogated AAP-/CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by CXCR2-mediated targeted engraftment and MMP-13-mediated reduction in collagen. Mechanistically, induction of CXCL3/CXCR2 axis-activated mTOR-p70S6K signaling led to increased targeted engraftment and modulation of the oxidative stress by increasing the expression and activity of nuclear Nrf2 and SOD2 expression in the regenerated hepatic tissues. A marked change in the fate of transplanted MSCGFPCxcr2-Mmp13 toward hepatocyte lineage demonstrated by co-immunostaining of GFP/HNF4α along with reduced COL1α1 facilitated the regeneration of the fibrotic liver. Innovation and Conclusions: Our study suggests the therapeutic role of allogenic Cxcr2/Mmp13-bioengineered MSC transplantation decreases the hepatic oxidative stress as an effective translational therapy for hepatic fibrosis mitigation-mediated liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Chawla
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subholakshmi Choudhury
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hasanzadeh A, Beiromvand M, Rafiei A, Kazemi M, Bahreini A, Khanahmad H. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Cystic Echinococcosis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:244-251. [PMID: 36617714 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230106163928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Echinococcus granulosus senso lato (E. granulosus s.l.) larval stages. Parasitederived products have been shown to regulate host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contributing to CE pathogenesis and progressive liver fibrosis in intermediate hosts. The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of MMP1, 7, 8, and 13 in E. granulosus s.l-induced liver fibrosis. METHODS Thirty CE patients with active, transitional, or inactive hydatid cysts were enrolled in this study to determine the inductive effects of E. granulosus on the expression of MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-13 in healthy liver tissue and fibrotic liver tissue using qRT-PCR. RESULTS According to the WHO-IWGE classification, patients with functional cysts (CE1 and CE2) had the highest percentage (46.6%). MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-13 expression levels were significantly higher in fibrotic liver than in normal liver tissue. MMP-13 and MMP-1 had the highest and lowest expression levels among MMPs. Compared to the normal group, the fold change for MMP-13 in the fibrotic group was greater than 12 and had the highest AUC value (AUC= 0.8283). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that E. granulosus-derived products might be involved in regulating host MMPs. Thus, MMPs may be considered potential biomarkers for predicting CE prognosis. Because of the non-normal distribution of our patients' CE types, further research, particularly on circulation MMPs, is needed to confirm the potential role of MMPs in CE pathogenesis and to follow up on CE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hasanzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Molouk Beiromvand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Rafiei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amin Bahreini
- Department of Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabir U, Gu HM, Zhang DW. Extracellular matrix turnover: phytochemicals target and modulate the dual role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in liver fibrosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4932-4962. [PMID: 37461256 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) resolution by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a well-documented mechanism. MMPs play a dual and complex role in modulating ECM degradation at different stages of liver fibrosis, depending on the timing and levels of their expression. Increased MMP-1 combats disease progression by cleaving the fibrillar ECM. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) increase expression of MMP-2, -9, and -13 in different chemicals-induced animal models, which may alleviate or worsen disease progression based on animal models and the stage of liver fibrosis. In the early stage, elevated expression of certain MMPs may damage surrounding tissue and activate HSCs, promoting fibrosis progression. At the later stage, downregulation of MMPs can facilitate ECM accumulation and disease progression. A number of phytochemicals modulate MMP activity and ECM turnover, alleviating disease progression. However, the effects of phytochemicals on the expression of different MMPs are variable and may depend on the disease models and stage, and the dosage, timing and duration of phytochemicals used in each study. Here, we review the most recent advances in the role of MMPs in the effects of phytochemicals on liver fibrogenesis, which indicates that further studies are warranted to confirm and define the potential clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Sabir
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hong-Mei Gu
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, Meng X, Liu J, Lv X. Matrix metalloproteinases induce extracellular matrix degradation through various pathways to alleviate hepatic fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114472. [PMID: 37002573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the common consequence of various chronic liver injuries and is mainly characterized by the imbalance between the production and degradation of extracellular matrix, which leads to the accumulation of interstitial collagen and other matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, that is, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), play a crucial role in collagen synthesis and lysis. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies of our laboratory found repressing extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation by restoring the balance between MMPs and TIMPs can alleviate liver fibrosis. We conducted a review of articles published in PubMed and Science Direct in the last decade until February 1, 2023, which were searched for using these words "MMPs/TIMPs" and "Hepatic Fibrosis." Through a literature review, this article reviews the experimental studies of liver fibrosis based on MMPs/TIMPs, summarizes the components that may exert an anti-liver fibrosis effect by affecting the expression or activity of MMPs/TIMPs, and attempts to clarify the mechanism of MMPs/TIMPs in regulating collagen homeostasis, so as to provide support for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. We found the MMP-TIMP-ECM interaction can result in better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of hepatic fibrosis from a different angle, and targeting this interaction may be a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, we summarized and analyzed the drugs that have been found to reduce liver fibrosis by changing the ratio of MMPs/TIMPs, including medicine natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ismail M, Zhang X, Taha R, Elhafiz M, Zhang Q, Yousef BA, Huang X, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Sun L. Expression profiles of lncRNAs and their possible regulatory role in monocrotaline-induced HSOS in rats. Front Genet 2023; 14:1041266. [PMID: 36777738 PMCID: PMC9909345 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1041266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the regulation of vital physiological processes and play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Monocrotaline (MCT) can cause large-scale outbreaks of toxic liver disease in humans and animals in the form of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS). Although many experiments have been carried out to explain the pathogenesis of Monocrotaline-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and to develop treatments for it, no studies have examined the role of Long non-coding RNAs in this condition. This study aimed to investigate the Long non-coding RNAs-mRNA regulation network in Monocrotaline-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in rats. Main methods: We established a model for MCT-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, and then carried out microarray for liver tissues of SD rats in a model of early hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (12 h Monocrotaline treatment vs. control group) to investigate the differentially expressed Long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in early hepatotoxicity. This was followed by RT-PCR analysis of selected Long non-coding RNAs, which were markedly altered. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analyses were also conducted. Key findings: 176 Long non-coding RNAs (63 downregulated and 113 upregulated) and 4,221 mRNAs (2,385 downregulated and 1836 upregulated) were differentially expressed in the Monocrotaline-treated group compared to the control group. The biological processes identified in GO enrichment analysis as playing a role in hepatotoxicity were positive regulation of guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase, liver development, and the oxidation-reduction process. Pathway analysis revealed that the metabolism pathways, gap junction, and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes were closely related to Monocrotaline-induced hepatotoxicity. According to these analyses, LOC102552718 might play an essential role in hepatotoxicity mechanisms by regulating the expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-1 (Itpr-1). Significance: This study provides a basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying Monocrotaline-induced hepatotoxicity and its treatment, especially in the early stage, when successful treatment is critical before irreversible liver damage occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ismail
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and health science, Dongola University, Dongola, Sudan
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Reham Taha
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhanad Elhafiz
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bashir A. Yousef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Luyong Zhang, ; Lixin Sun,
| | - Lixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Luyong Zhang, ; Lixin Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koop K, Enderle K, Hillmann M, Ruspeckhofer L, Vieth M, Sturm G, Trajanoski Z, Kühl AA, Atreya R, Leppkes M, Baum P, Roy J, Martin A, Neurath MF, Neufert C. Interleukin 36 receptor-inducible matrix metalloproteinase 13 mediates intestinal fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163198. [PMID: 37207229 PMCID: PMC10189878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrostenotic disease is a common complication in Crohn's disease (CD) patients hallmarked by transmural extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the intestinal wall. The prevention and medical therapy of fibrostenotic CD is an unmet high clinical need. Although targeting IL36R signaling is a promising therapy option, downstream mediators of IL36 during inflammation and fibrosis have been incompletely understood. Candidate molecules include matrix metalloproteinases which mediate ECM turnover and are thereby potential targets for anti-fibrotic treatment. Here, we have focused on understanding the role of MMP13 during intestinal fibrosis. Methods We performed bulk RNA sequencing of paired colon biopsies taken from non-stenotic and stenotic areas of patients with CD. Corresponding tissue samples from healthy controls and CD patients with stenosis were used for immunofluorescent (IF) staining. MMP13 gene expression was analyzed in cDNA of intestinal biopsies from healthy controls and in subpopulations of patients with CD in the IBDome cohort. In addition, gene regulation on RNA and protein level was studied in colon tissue and primary intestinal fibroblasts from mice upon IL36R activation or blockade. Finally, in vivo studies were performed with MMP13 deficient mice and littermate controls in an experimental model of intestinal fibrosis. Ex vivo tissue analysis included Masson's Trichrome and Sirius Red staining as well as evaluation of immune cells, fibroblasts and collagen VI by IF analysis. Results Bulk RNA sequencing revealed high upregulation of MMP13 in colon biopsies from stenotic areas, as compared to non-stenotic regions of patients with CD. IF analysis confirmed higher levels of MMP13 in stenotic tissue sections of CD patients and demonstrated αSMA+ and Pdpn+ fibroblasts as a major source. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that MMP13 expression was regulated by IL36R signaling. Finally, MMP13 deficient mice, as compared to littermate controls, developed less fibrosis in the chronic DSS model and showed reduced numbers of αSMA+ fibroblasts. These findings are consistent with a model suggesting a molecular axis involving IL36R activation in gut resident fibroblasts and MMP13 expression during the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. Conclusion Targeting IL36R-inducible MMP13 could evolve as a promising approach to interfere with the development and progression of intestinal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Koop
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kristina Koop,
| | - Karin Enderle
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam Hillmann
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Ruspeckhofer
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Erlangen, Germany
- iPATH.Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Baum
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Martin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluation of a Dietary Grape Extract on Oxidative Status, Intestinal Morphology, Plasma Acute-Phase Proteins and Inflammation Parameters of Weaning Piglets at Various Points of Time. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081428. [PMID: 35892630 PMCID: PMC9394324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of the underlying mechanisms of dietary grape extract (GE) in overcoming weaning challenges in piglets have been partly inconsistent. Furthermore, evaluations of the effects of GE at weaning in comparison to those of widely used therapeutic antibiotics have been scarce. To explore the mode of action of GE in selected tissues and plasma, we evaluated gut morphology, antioxidant and inflammation indices. Accordingly, 180 weaning piglets were allocated to three treatment groups: negative control (NC), NC and antibiotic treatment for the first 5 days of the trial (positive control, PC), and NC and GE (entire trial). The villus surface was positively affected by GE and PC on day 27/28 of the trial in the jejunum and on day 55/56 of the trial in the ileum. In the colon, NC tended (p < 0.10) to increase crypt parameters compared to PC on day 55/56. The PC group tended (p < 0.10) to increase catalase activity in the ileum and decrease Cu/Zn-SOD activity in the jejunum, both compared to NC. There were no additional effects on antioxidant measurements of tissue and plasma, tissue gene expression, or plasma acute-phase proteins. In conclusion, GE supplementation beneficially affected the villus surface of the small intestine. However, these changes were not linked to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of GE.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sojoodi M, Erstad DJ, Barrett SC, Salloum S, Zhu S, Qian T, Colon S, Gale EM, Jordan VC, Wang Y, Li S, Ataeinia B, Jalilifiroozinezhad S, Lanuti M, Zukerberg L, Caravan P, Hoshida Y, Chung RT, Bhave G, Lauer GM, Fuchs BC, Tanabe KK. Peroxidasin Deficiency Re-programs Macrophages Toward Pro-fibrolysis Function and Promotes Collagen Resolution in Liver. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1483-1509. [PMID: 35093588 PMCID: PMC9043497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS During liver fibrosis, tissue repair mechanisms replace necrotic tissue with highly stabilized extracellular matrix proteins. Extracellular matrix stabilization influences the speed of tissue recovery. Here, we studied the expression and function of peroxidasin (PXDN), a peroxidase that uses hydrogen peroxide to cross-link collagen IV during liver fibrosis progression and regression. METHODS Mouse models of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis patients were analyzed for the expression of PXDN in liver and serum. Pxdn-/- and Pxdn+/+ mice were either treated with carbon tetrachloride for 6 weeks to generate toxin-induced fibrosis or fed with a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet for 16 weeks to create nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis. Liver histology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, collagen content, flowcytometry and immunostaining of immune cells, RNA-sequencing, and liver function tests were analyzed. In vivo imaging of liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed using a redox-active iron complex, Fe-PyC3A. RESULTS In human and mouse cirrhotic tissue, PXDN is expressed by stellate cells and is secreted into fibrotic areas. In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, serum levels of PXDN increased significantly. In both mouse models of liver fibrosis, PXDN deficiency resulted in elevated monocyte and pro-fibrolysis macrophage recruitment into fibrotic bands and caused decreased accumulation of cross-linked collagens. In Pxdn-/- mice, collagen fibers were loosely organized, an atypical phenotype that is reversible upon macrophage depletion. Elevated ROS in Pxdn-/- livers was observed, which can result in activation of hypoxic signaling cascades and may affect signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization such as TNF-a via NF-kB. Fibrosis resolution in Pxdn-/- mice was associated with significant decrease in collagen content and improved liver function. CONCLUSION PXDN deficiency is associated with increased ROS levels and a hypoxic liver microenvironment that can regulate recruitment and programming of pro-resolution macrophages. Our data implicate the importance of the liver microenvironment in macrophage programming during liver fibrosis and suggest a novel pathway that is involved in the resolution of scar tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen C. Barrett
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shadi Salloum
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shijia Zhu
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons 22 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tongqi Qian
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons 22 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Selene Colon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence Zukerberg
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons 22 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Georg M. Lauer
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Kenneth K. Tanabe, Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114. tel: (617) 724-3868.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shida Y, Endo H, Owada S, Inagaki Y, Sumiyoshi H, Kamiya A, Eto T, Tatemichi M. Branched-chain amino acids govern the high learning ability phenotype in Tokai high avoider (THA) rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23104. [PMID: 34845278 PMCID: PMC8630195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully understand the mechanisms governing learning and memory, animal models with minor interindividual variability and higher cognitive function are required. THA rats established by crossing those with high learning capacity exhibit excellent learning and memory abilities, but the factors underlying their phenotype are completely unknown. In the current study, we compare the hippocampi of parental strain Wistar rats to those of THA rats via metabolomic analysis in order to identify molecules specific to the THA rat hippocampus. Higher branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels and enhanced activation of BCAA metabolism-associated enzymes were observed in THA rats, suggesting that acetyl-CoA and acetylcholine are synthesized through BCAA catabolism. THA rats maintained high blood BCAA levels via uptake of BCAAs in the small intestine and suppression of BCAA catabolism in the liver. Feeding THA rats with a BCAA-reduced diet decreased acetylcholine levels and learning ability, thus, maintaining high BCAA levels while their proper metabolism in the hippocampus is the mechanisms underlying the high learning ability in THA rats. Identifying appropriate BCAA nutritional supplements and activation methods may thus hold potential for the prevention and amelioration of higher brain dysfunction, including learning disabilities and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Shida
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Owada
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sumiyoshi
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoo Eto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tatemichi
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schmeisser J, Verlhac-Trichet V, Madaro A, Lall SP, Torrissen O, Olsen RE. Molecular Mechanism Involved in Carotenoid Metabolism in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon: Astaxanthin Metabolism During Flesh Pigmentation and Its Antioxidant Properties. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:653-670. [PMID: 34417678 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of carotenoid dynamics (transport, absorption, metabolism, and deposition) is essential to develop a better strategy to improve astaxanthin (Ax) retention in muscle of Atlantic salmon. To achieve that, a comparison of post-smolt salmon with (+ Ax) or without (- Ax) dietary Ax supplementation was established based on a transcriptomic approach targeting pyloric, hepatic, and muscular tissues. Results in post-smolts showed that the pyloric caeca transcriptome is more sensitive to dietary Ax supplementation compared to the other tissues. Key genes sensitive to Ax supplementation could be identified, such as cd36 in pylorus, agr2 in liver, or fbp1 in muscle. The most modulated genes in pylorus were related to absorption but also metabolism of Ax. Additionally, genes linked to upstream regulation of the ferroptosis pathway were significantly modulated in liver, evoking the involvement of Ax as an antioxidant in this process. Finally, the muscle seemed to be less impacted by dietary Ax supplementation, except for genes related to actin remodelling and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, the transcriptome data generated from this study showed that Ax dynamics in Atlantic salmon is characterized by a high metabolism during absorption at pyloric caeca level. In liver, a link with a potential of ferroptosis process appears likely via cellular lipid peroxidation. Our data provide insights into a better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in dietary Ax supplementation, as well as its beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and related inflammation in muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Schmeisser
- DSM Nutritional Products - Research Centre of Animal Nutrition and Health, 68305, Saint-Louis Cedex, France.
| | - Viviane Verlhac-Trichet
- DSM Nutritional Products - Research Centre of Animal Nutrition and Health, 68305, Saint-Louis Cedex, France
| | - Angelico Madaro
- Institute of Marine Research, Animal Welfare Science Group, 5984, Matredal, Norway
| | - Santosh P Lall
- Retired From National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ole Torrissen
- Institute of Marine Research, Animal Welfare Science Group, 5984, Matredal, Norway
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Animal Welfare Science Group, 5984, Matredal, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Endo H, Owada S, Inagaki Y, Shida Y, Tatemichi M. Metabolic reprogramming sustains cancer cell survival following extracellular matrix detachment. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101643. [PMID: 32863227 PMCID: PMC7371916 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells require attachment to a support, such as the extracellular matrix, for survival. During cancer progression and metastasis, cancerous epithelial cells must overcome their dependence on adhesion signals. Dependence on glucose metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells, but the nutrient requirements of cancer cells under anchorage-deficient conditions remain uncharacterized. Here, we report that cancer cells prioritize glutamine-derived tricarboxylic acid cycle energy metabolism over glycolysis to sustain anchorage-independent survival. Moreover, glutamine-dependent metabolic reprogramming is required not only to maintain ATP levels but also to suppress excessive oxidative stress through interaction with cystine. Mechanistically, AMPK, a central regulator of cellular responses to metabolic stress, participates in the induction of the expression of ASCT2, a glutamine transporter, and enhances glutamine consumption. Most interestingly, AMPK activation induces Nrf2 and its target proteins, allowing cancer cells to maintain energy homeostasis and redox status through glutaminolysis. Treatment with an integrin inhibitor was used to mimic the alterations in cell morphology and metabolic reprogramming caused by detachment. Under these conditions, cells were vulnerable to glutamine starvation or glutamine metabolism inhibitors. The observed preference for glutamine over glucose was more pronounced in aggressive cancer cell lines, and treatment with the glutaminase inhibitor, CB839, and cystine transporter inhibitor, sulfasalazine, caused strong cytotoxicity. Our data clearly show that anchorage-independent survival of cancer cells is supported mainly by glutaminolysis via the AMPK-Nrf2 signal axis. The discovery of new vulnerabilities along this route could help slow or prevent cancer progression. AMPK-Nrf2 signaling is crucial in metabolic reprogramming during cancer progression. Cancer metabolism does not preeminently depend on glycolysis. Glutaminolysis mainly supports anchorage-independent cancer cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Owada
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yukari Shida
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Tatemichi
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Geervliet E, Bansal R. Matrix Metalloproteinases as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Liver Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E1212. [PMID: 32414178 PMCID: PMC7290342 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases, characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting in scar tissue formation, are a growing health problem causing increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, therapeutic options for tissue fibrosis are severely limited, and organ transplantation is the only treatment for the end-stage liver diseases. During liver damage, injured hepatocytes release proinflammatory factors resulting in the recruitment and activation of immune cells that activate quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Upon activation, HSCs transdifferentiate into highly proliferative, migratory, contractile and ECM-producing myofibroblasts. The disrupted balance between ECM deposition and degradation leads to the formation of scar tissue referred to as fibrosis. This balance can be restored either by reducing ECM deposition (by inhibition of HSCs activation and proliferation) or enhancing ECM degradation (by increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)). MMPs play an important role in ECM remodeling and represent an interesting target for therapeutic drug discovery. In this review, we present the current knowledge about ECM remodeling and role of the different MMPs in liver diseases. MMP expression patterns in different stages of liver diseases have also been reviewed to determine their role as biomarkers. Finally, we highlight MMPs as promising therapeutic targets for the resolution of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Masuda A, Nakamura T, Abe M, Iwamoto H, Sakaue T, Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Koga H, Torimura T. Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:427-438. [PMID: 32377696 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) serves a key role in hepatic fibrosis and has cytostatic effects on hepatocytes. The present study investigated the anti‑fibrogenic and regenerative effects of the TGF‑β receptor type I kinase inhibitor galunisertib (LY2157299) in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‑induced liver cirrhosis and in vitro. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with CCl4 for 8 weeks. At week 5, the mice were divided randomly into four treatment groups: Vehicle‑treated; and treated with low‑; middle‑; and high‑dose galunisertib, which was administered from weeks 5‑8. The mice were sacrificed after 8 weeks of CCl4 treatment. Liver fibrosis, as evaluated by histology and determination of hydroxyproline content, progressed during week 4‑8 of CCl4 treatment in the vehicle‑treated mice. Galunisertib treatment dose‑dependently prevented liver fibrosis, as demonstrated by the direct inhibition of α‑smooth muscle actin‑positive activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) after 8 weeks of CCl4 treatment. The levels of active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 in galunisertib‑treated livers were significantly increased compared with the vehicle‑treated livers. In the high‑dose group, the number of PCNA‑positive hepatocytes and endothelial cells markedly increased compared with the vehicle group. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis verified that interleukin‑6 and epiregulin expression levels were significantly increased in livers from the group treated with high‑dose galunisertib compared with the vehicle‑treated group. Galunisertib inhibited the proliferation of activated HSCs and collagen synthesis in addition to restoring MMP activity. Moreover, galunisertib promoted liver remodeling by proliferating hepatocytes and vascular endothelial cells, while significantly increasing liver weight. These results are consistent with the cytostatic action of TGF‑β that negatively regulates liver regeneration, and demonstrated that galunisertib inhibited TGF‑β signaling, halted liver fibrosis progression and promoted hepatic regeneration. The results of the present study suggest that galunisertib may be an effective treatment for liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsutaka Masuda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakaue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dai C, Wang M, Zhao L, Xu C, Huang J, Fan Z. Liver gene transfection by retrograde intrabiliary infusion facilitated by temporary biliary obstruction. J Gene Med 2019; 22:e3144. [PMID: 31742830 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatobiliary tract may be a valuable administration site for gene delivery. We demonstrated the role of temporary biliary obstruction for gene transfection by retrograde intrabiliary infusion. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intrabiliary infusion of luciferase plasmid via an artificial common bile duct, with temporary biliary obstruction for 0 minutes (NO group), 30 minutes (30 min group) and 24 hours (24 h group), respectively (n = 4 for each group). Gene expression levels were evaluated by luciferase bioluminescence on postoperative days (POD) 1, 2 and 7. Serum and livers were collected on POD 1 and 14 for liver biochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS On POD 1, luciferase chemoluminescence was significantly higher in the 24 h group than in the NO group (p = 0.002) and the 30 min group (p = 0.002). However, it decreased rapidly after reversal of the obstruction in the 24 h group (POD 1 versus POD 2, p = 0.002; POD 1 versus POD 7, p = 0.002). Liver biochemistry was changed on POD 1, but no significant differences were detected after 14 days of recovery (p > 0.05). Similar histological changes were found in the three groups, with no unwanted proliferation of biliary epithelial cells. The obstruction did not cause serious liver damage. CONCLUSIONS Temporary biliary obstruction for 24 hours facilitated the safe, feasible and effective transfection of plasmid DNA into the liver via the hepatobiliary tract. In the future, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and its dilation balloon could be used to create biliary obstruction and allow the direct gene delivery into the liver. More research is necessary for achieving stable gene expression, as well as in terms of weighing its benefits against potential complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Digestive Endoscopy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, China.,Division of Digestive Diseases, the People's Hospital of Ma Anshan, Ma Anshan, China
| | - Zhining Fan
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ando W, Kikuchi K, Uematsu T, Yokomori H, Takaki T, Sogabe M, Kohgo Y, Otori K, Ishikawa S, Okazaki I. Novel breast cancer screening: combined expression of miR-21 and MMP-1 in urinary exosomes detects 95% of breast cancer without metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13595. [PMID: 31537868 PMCID: PMC6753125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum and tissue miR-21 expression in patients with breast cancer (BC) is a useful biomarker for cancer diagnosis, progression, and treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is also important in breast cancer carcinogenesis. However, miR-21 and MMP-1/CD63 in urine exosomes in these patients have not been examined. Urine samples were collected from patients with BC and 26 healthy females. Urinary exosomes were isolated and confirmed by western blotting with anti-CD63 antibody and electron microscopy observation. MiR-21 and MMP-1/CD63 expression was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Patients with very early stage breast cancer were evaluated. MiR-21 expression in the patients was 0.26 [95% CI: 0.20–0.78], which was significant lower than in the 26 controls (1.00 [95% CI: 1.01–3.37], p = 0.0947). MMP-1/CD63 expression in patients was significantly higher than in controls (1.74 [95% CI: 0.86–5.08] vs 0.535 [95% CI: −0.01–2.81], p = 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.708 and 0.783 for miR-21 and 0.792 and 0.840 for MMP-1/CD63, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of combined expression were 95% and 79%, respectively. The sensitivity of MMP-1/CD63 expression in urinary exosomes was better than that of miR-21 expression. Thus, miR-21 and MMP/CD63 may be useful markers for BC screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 8-10-16 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto City, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto City, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron microscopy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masaya Sogabe
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan.,Health Care Center, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shigemi Ishikawa
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Isao Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan. .,Health Care Center, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 8-10-16 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren J, Zhang J, Rudemiller NP, Griffiths R, Wen Y, Lu X, Privratsky JR, Gunn MD, Crowley SD. Twist1 in Infiltrating Macrophages Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis via Matrix Metallopeptidase 13-Mediated Matrix Degradation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1674-1685. [PMID: 31315922 PMCID: PMC6727252 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following an acute insult, macrophages regulate renal fibrogenesis through the release of various factors that either encourage the synthesis of extracellular matrix synthesis or the degradation of matrix via endocytosis, proteolysis, or both. However, the roles of infiltrating versus resident myeloid cells in these opposing processes require elucidation. The transcription factor Twist1 controls diverse essential cellular functions through induction of several downstream targets, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In macrophages, Twist1 can influence patterns of cytokine generation, but the role of macrophage Twist1 in renal fibrogenesis remains undefined. METHODS To study Twist1 functions in different macrophage subsets during kidney scar formation, we used two conditional mutant mouse models in which Twist1 was selectively ablated either in infiltrating, inflammatory macrophages or in resident tissue macrophages. We assessed fibrosis-related parameters, matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13, or collagen 3, which catalyzes collagen degradation), inflammatory cytokines, and other factors in these Twist1-deficient mice compared with wild-type controls after subjecting the animals to unilateral ureteral obstruction. We also treated wild-type and Twist1-deficient mice with an MMP13 inhibitor after unilateral ureteral obstruction. RESULTS Twist1 in infiltrating inflammatory macrophages but not in resident macrophages limited kidney fibrosis after ureteral obstruction by driving extracellular matrix degradation. Moreover, deletion of Twist1 in infiltrating macrophages attenuated the expression of MMP13 in CD11b+Ly6Clo myeloid cells. Inhibition of MMP13 abrogated the protection from renal fibrosis afforded by macrophage Twist1. CONCLUSIONS Twist1 in infiltrating myeloid cells mitigates interstitial matrix accumulation in the injured kidney by promoting MMP13 production, which drives extracellular matrix degradation. These data highlight the complex cell-specific actions of Twist1 in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Yi Wen
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Anesthesiology, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Theocharis AD, Manou D, Karamanos NK. The extracellular matrix as a multitasking player in disease. FEBS J 2019; 286:2830-2869. [PMID: 30908868 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are highly specialized and dynamic three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds into which cells reside in tissues. ECM is composed of a variety of fibrillar components, such as collagens, fibronectin, and elastin, and non-fibrillar molecules as proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and glycoproteins including matricellular proteins. These macromolecular components are interconnected forming complex networks that actively communicate with cells through binding to cell surface receptors and/or matrix effectors. ECMs exert diverse roles, either providing tissues with structural integrity and mechanical properties essential for tissue functions or regulating cell phenotype and functions to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECM molecular composition and structure vary among tissues, and is markedly modified during normal tissue repair as well as during the progression of various diseases. Actually, abnormal ECM remodeling occurring in pathologic circumstances drives disease progression by regulating cell-matrix interactions. The importance of matrix molecules to normal tissue functions is also highlighted by mutations in matrix genes that give rise to genetic disorders with diverse clinical phenotypes. In this review, we present critical and emerging issues related to matrix assembly in tissues and the multitasking roles for ECM in diseases such as osteoarthritis, fibrosis, cancer, and genetic diseases. The mechanisms underlying the various matrix-based diseases are also discussed. Research focused on the highly dynamic 3D ECM networks will help to discover matrix-related causative abnormalities of diseases as well as novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cabrera S, Maciel M, Hernández-Barrientos D, Calyeca J, Gaxiola M, Selman M, Pardo A. Delayed resolution of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in absence of MMP13 (collagenase 3). Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L961-L976. [PMID: 30785343 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00455.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP13) deficiency in pulmonary fibrosis has described contradictory phenotypes on inflammatory and fibrotic responses after lung injury, and its role during lung fibrosis resolution is still undefined. MMP13 has been considered the main collagenase in rodents, and the remodeling of fibrillar collagen is widely attributed to the action of this enzyme. In this study we aimed to explore the role of MMP13 during lung fibrosis progression and resolution. Lung fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation, and inflammatory, fibrotic, and resolution stages were evaluated in Mmp13-null and wild-type (WT) mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was taken for cytokine array analysis and activity of gelatinases. Our results showed that MMP13 is upregulated mainly during two stages after lung injury, inflammation and resolution of fibrosis, and it is mainly expressed by alveolar and interstitial macrophages. Mmp13-null mice exhibited more extensive inflammation at 7 days after bleomycin treatment, and it was characterized by increased macrophage infiltration and significant alterations in proinflammatory cytokines. We also documented that Mmp13-deficient mice experienced more severe and prolonged lung fibrosis compared with WT mice. Delayed resolution in Mmp13-deficient lungs was characterized by a decreased overall collagenolytic activity and persistent fibrotic foci associated with emphysema-like areas. Together, our findings indicate that MMP13 plays an antifibrotic role and its activity is crucial in lung repair and restoration of tissue integrity during fibrosis resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Maciel
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Calyeca
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Okazaki I. Meet Our Regional Editor. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/187152061811190128115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Okazaki
- International University of Health and Welfare, Sanno Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fibrogenic Gene Expression in Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by HCV and HIV Replication in a Three Cell Co-Culture Model System. Sci Rep 2019; 9:568. [PMID: 30679661 PMCID: PMC6345841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrospective studies indicate that co-infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accelerates hepatic fibrosis progression. We have developed a co-culture system (MLH) comprising primary macrophages, hepatic stellate cells (HSC, LX-2), and hepatocytes (Huh-7), permissive for active replication of HCV and HIV, and assessed the effect of these viral infections on the phenotypic changes and fibrogenic gene expression in LX-2 cells. We detected distinct morphological changes in LX-2 cells within 24 hr post-infection with HCV, HIV or HCV/HIV in MLH co-cultures, with migration enhancement phenotypes. Human fibrosis microarrays conducted using LX-2 cell RNA derived from MLH co-culture conditions, with or without HCV and HIV infection, revealed novel insights regarding the roles of these viral infections on fibrogenic gene expression in LX-2 cells. We found that HIV mono-infection in MLH co-culture had no impact on fibrogenic gene expression in LX-2 cells. HCV infection of MLH co-culture resulted in upregulation (>1.9x) of five fibrogenic genes including CCL2, IL1A, IL1B, IL13RA2 and MMP1. These genes were upregulated by HCV/HIV co-infection but in a greater magnitude. Conclusion: Our results indicate that HIV-infected macrophages accelerate hepatic fibrosis during HCV/HIV co-infection by amplifying the expression of HCV-dependent fibrogenic genes in HSC.
Collapse
|
21
|
Endo H, Owada S, Inagaki Y, Shida Y, Tatemichi M. Glucose starvation induces LKB1-AMPK-mediated MMP-9 expression in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10122. [PMID: 29973599 PMCID: PMC6031623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilise the glycolytic pathway to support their rapid growth and proliferation. Since cells in most solid tumours are subjected to severe microenvironmental stresses including low nutrient and oxygen availability, such cancer cells must develop mechanisms to overcome these unfavourable growth conditions by metabolic adaptation. Although the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions of metabolic stress, the role of LKB1-AMPK signalling in aiding cancer cell survival and in malignant tumours has not yet been fully elucidated. We show that glucose starvation promotes cancer cell invasiveness and migration through LKB1-AMPK-regulated MMP-9 expression. Most intriguingly, triggering the LKB1-AMPK signalling pathway by glucose starvation-induced oxidative stress facilitates selective autophagy, which in turn enhances Keap1 degradation and the subsequent activation of Nrf2. Following this, Nrf2 regulates the transactivation of MMP-9 via Nrf2 binding sites in the promoter region of the MMP-9 gene. These mechanisms also contribute to the suppression of excessive oxidative stress under glucose starvation, and protect against cell death. Our data clearly shows that LKB1-AMPK signalling not only maintains energy and oxidative stress homeostasis, but could also promote cancer progression during metabolic stress conditions by MMP-9 induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Owada
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yukari Shida
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tatemichi
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Afratis NA, Klepfish M, Karamanos NK, Sagi I. The apparent competitive action of ECM proteases and cross-linking enzymes during fibrosis: Applications to drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:4-15. [PMID: 29627371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progressive loss of organ function in most organs is associated with fibrosis, a tissue state associated with abnormal matrix buildup. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ failure and death. Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase in the amount of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a tissue or organ. In addition, intrinsic changes in important structural cells can induce the fibrotic response by regulating the differentiation, recruitment, proliferation and activation of extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. ECM enzymes belonging to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidases (LOXs) play a crucial role in ECM remodeling and regeneration. MMPs have a catalytic role in degradation of ECM, whereas LOX/LOXLs mediate ECM, especially collagen, cross-linking and stiffening. Importantly, enzymes from both families are elevated during the fibrotic response to tissue injury and its resolution. Yet, the apparent molecular competition or antagonistic activities of these enzyme families during the various stages of fibrosis is often overlooked. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of MMPs and LOX/LOXL2 in chronic organ fibrosis. Finally, we review contemporary therapeutic strategies for fibrosis treatment, based on neutralization of MMP and LOX activity, as well as the development of novel drug delivery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mordehay Klepfish
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Monocytes with Oncogenic Mutation JAK2 V617F as a Tool for Studies of the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Myelofibrosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:569-575. [PMID: 29504105 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed previously generated stable monocyte-derived cell line carrying mutation JAK2 V617F. Evaluation of the expression of pro- and antifibrotic factors revealed changes in the production of MMPs and their inhibitors, growth factors, galectin-3, and pentraxin 3 in cells carrying mutation JAK2 in comparison with control non-modified cells.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that often occurs as a wound healing response to repeated or chronic tissue injury, and may lead to the disruption of organ architecture and loss of function. Although fibrosis was previously thought to be irreversible, recent evidence indicates that certain circumstances permit the resolution of fibrosis when the underlying causes of injury are eradicated. The mechanism of fibrosis resolution encompasses degradation of the fibrotic extracellular matrix as well as elimination of fibrogenic myofibroblasts through their adaptation of various cell fates, including apoptosis, senescence, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss the present knowledge and gaps in our understanding of how matrix degradation is regulated and how myofibroblast cell fates can be manipulated, areas that may identify potential therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Roderfeld M. Matrix metalloproteinase functions in hepatic injury and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:452-462. [PMID: 29221811 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the most common final outcome for chronic liver diseases. The complex pathogenesis includes hepatic parenchymal damage as a result of a persistent noxe, activation and recruitment of immune cells, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and the synthesis of fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) components leading to scar formation. Clinical studies and animal models demonstrated that fibrosis can be reversible. In this regard matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been focused as therapeutic targets due to their ability to modulate tissue turnover during fibrogenesis as well as regeneration and, of special interest, due to their influence on cellular behavior like proliferation, gene expression, and apoptosis that, in turn, impact fibrosis and regeneration. The current review aims to summarize and update the knowledge about expression pattern and the central roles of MMPs in hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Gaffkystr. 11c, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Naim A, Pan Q, Baig MS. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Liver Diseases. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 7:367-372. [PMID: 29234202 PMCID: PMC5715451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteinases capable of degrading components of the extracellular matrix and numerous nonmatrix proteins. MMPs along with tissue inhibitors of MMPs, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Although, the precise mechanism-of-actions of MMPs in various liver related disorders is largely unknown, however, data from diverse experimental models indicate that these proteinases influence cellular activities including proliferation and survival, gene expression, as well as multiple aspects of inflammation. Hence, MMP's are likely key players in the outcomes related to liver disease.
Collapse
Key Words
- Col, collagen
- ECM, extra cellular matrix
- GBD, global burden of disease
- HCC, hepato-cellular carcinoma
- IRI, ischemia and reperfusion injury
- MMP, matrix metalloproteases
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NFkB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- TIMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- cirrhosis
- extracellular matrix (ECM)
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- liver fibrosis
- matrix metalloproteinases
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Naim
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirza S. Baig
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India,Address for correspondence: Mirza S. Baig, Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore 453552, MP, India.Mirza S. Baig, Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI)IndoreMP453552India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction () Promotes Collagen Degradation and Inhibits Pancreatic Fibrosis in Chronic Pancreatitis Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 26:599-603. [PMID: 29181733 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction (MXD, ) on collagen degradation in rats with chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS Rats were injected dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC, 7 mg/kg of body weight) into the right caudal vein to induce CP model. Thirty heallhy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups by a random number table: the control, the model and the treatment groups. Rats of treatment group were administered MXD (10 g/kg of body weight) orally once daily starting from the day post-model establishment. Pancreatic tissues were harvested after 28-day feeding and fibrosis was evaluated by picro-sirius red staining. The contents of collagen type I and III were detected using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) was analyzed by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The fibrosis scoring of pancreatic tissues, the concentrations of collagen type I and III, the expression levels of MMP13 and TIMP1 proteins and mRNA in the model group were all increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). After treatment with MXD, the fibrosis scoring of pancreatic tissues, the concentrations of collagen type I and III, the expression levels of MMP13 proteins and mRNA in the teatment group were all decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the expression levels of TIMP1 proteins and mRNA (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS MXD could promote collagen degradation and reverse pancreatic fibrosis in CP rats via a mechanism involve up-regulation of MMP13 expression.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ando W, Yokomori H, Tsutsui N, Yamanouchi E, Suzuki Y, Oda M, Inagaki Y, Otori K, Okazaki I. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 level represents disease activity as opposed to fibrosis in patients with histologically proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017; 24:61-76. [PMID: 29151327 PMCID: PMC5875199 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is prevalent in both economically developed and developing countries. Twenty percent of NASH progresses to cirrhosis with/without hepatocellular carcinoma, and there is an urgent need to find biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring progression of the disease. Using immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic examination we previously reported that expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) increased in monocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells in early stage NASH. The present study investigated whether serum MMP-1 levels reflect disease activity and pharmaceutical effects in NASH patients. Methods We measured the serum levels of MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and several cytokines/chemokines in patients with histologically proven early and advanced stages of NASH and compared them with those in healthy controls. Results Serum MMP-1 levels in stage 1 fibrosis, but not in the more advanced fibrosis stages, were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P=0.019). There was no correlation between serum MMP-1 level and fibrosis stage. Serum MMP- 1 levels in NASH patients represented disease activity estimated by serum aminotransferase values during the follow-up period. In contrast, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMPs did not change with disease activity. Consistent with the finding that MMP-1 is expressed predominantly in monocytes and Kupffer cells, serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor were significantly increased in NASH with stage 1 fibrosis. Conclusions These results suggest that serum MMP-1 levels represent disease activity and may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the progression of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
| | - Eigoro Yamanouchi
- Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, NasuShiobara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Delire B, Lebrun V, Selvais C, Henriet P, Bertrand A, Horsmans Y, Leclercq IA. Aging enhances liver fibrotic response in mice through hampering extracellular matrix remodeling. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:98-113. [PMID: 27941216 PMCID: PMC5310658 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data identify age as a factor for severe liver fibrosis. We evaluate whether and how aging modulates the fibrotic response in a mouse model. Liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 injections (thrice weekly for 2 weeks) in 7 weeks- and 15 months-old mice (young and old, respectively). Livers were analyzed for fibrosis, inflammation and remodeling 48 and 96 hours after the last injection. Old mice developed more severe fibrosis compared to young ones as evaluated by sirius red morphometry. Expression of pro-fibrogenic genes was equally induced in the two age-groups but enhanced fibrolysis in young mice was demonstrated by a significantly higher Mmp13 induction and collagenase activity. While fibrosis resolution occurred in young mice within 96 hours, no significant fibrosis attenuation was observed in old mice. Although recruitment of monocytes-derived macrophages was similar in young and old livers, young macrophages had globally a remodeling phenotype while old ones, a pro-fibrogenic phenotype. Moreover, we observed a higher proportion of thick fibers and enhanced expression of enzymes involved in collagen maturation in old mice. CONCLUSION Impaired fibrolysis of a matrix less prone to remodeling associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype of infiltrated macrophages contribute to a more severe fibrosis in old mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delire
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Lebrun
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Selvais
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amélie Bertrand
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Luangmonkong T, Suriguga S, Bigaeva E, Boersema M, Oosterhuis D, de Jong KP, Schuppan D, Mutsaers HAM, Olinga P. Evaluating the antifibrotic potency of galunisertib in a human ex vivo model of liver fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3107-3117. [PMID: 28691737 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is a major cause of liver-related mortality and, so far, no effective antifibrotic drug is available. Galunisertib, a TGF-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor, is a potential candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Here, we evaluated the potency of galunisertib in a human ex vivo model of liver fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antifibrotic potency and associated mechanisms were studied ex vivo, using both healthy and cirrhotic human precision-cut liver slices. Fibrosis-related parameters, both transcriptional and translational level, were assessed after treatment with galunisertib. KEY RESULTS Galunisertib showed a prominent antifibrotic potency. Phosphorylation of SMAD2 was inhibited, while that of SMAD1 remained unchanged. In healthy and cirrhotic human livers, spontaneous transcription of numerous genes encoding collagens, including collagen type I, α 1, collagen maturation, non-collageneous extracellular matrix (ECM) components, ECM remodelling and selected ECM receptors was significantly decreased. The reduction of fibrosis-related transcription was paralleled by a significant inhibition of procollagen I C-peptide released by both healthy and cirrhotic human liver slices. Moreover, galunisertib showed similar antifibrotic potency in human and rat lives. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Galunisertib is a drug that deserves to be further investigated for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Inhibition of SMAD2 phosphorylation is probably a central mechanism of action. In addition, blocking the production and maturation of collagens and promoting their degradation are related to the antifibrotic action of galunisertib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theerut Luangmonkong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Su Suriguga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emilia Bigaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Boersema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koert P de Jong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henricus A M Mutsaers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kobayashi Y, Kamimura K, Abe H, Yokoo T, Ogawa K, Shinagawa-Kobayashi Y, Goto R, Inoue R, Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Kanefuji T, Suda T, Tsuchida M, Aoyagi Y, Zhang G, Liu D, Terai S. Effects of Fibrotic Tissue on Liver-targeted Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e359. [PMID: 27574785 PMCID: PMC5023407 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic gene delivery is a common method for gene transfer to the liver of small animals, and its clinical applicability in large animals has been demonstrated. Previous studies focused on functional analyses of therapeutic genes in animals with normal livers and little, however, is known regarding its effectiveness and safety in animals with liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of liver fibrosis on hydrodynamic gene delivery efficiency using a rat liver fibrosis model. We demonstrated for the first time, using pCMV-Luc plasmid, that this procedure is safe and that the amount of fibrotic tissue in the liver decreases gene delivery efficiency, resulting in decrease in luciferase activity depending on the volume of fibrotic tissue in the liver and the number of hepatocytes that are immunohistochemically stained positive for transgene product. We further demonstrate that antifibrotic gene therapy with matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene reduces liver fibrosis and improves efficiency of hydrodynamic gene delivery. These results demonstrate the negative effects of fibrotic tissue on hydrodynamic gene delivery and its recovery by appropriate antifibrotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori, Chuo–ku, Niigata, Niigata, 9518510, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Shinagawa-Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Goto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kanefuji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsuchida
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Aoyagi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pritchard MT, McCracken JM. Identifying Novel Targets for Treatment of Liver Fibrosis: What Can We Learn from Injured Tissues which Heal Without a Scar? Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:1332-46. [PMID: 26302807 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150825111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is unique in that it is able to regenerate. This regeneration occurs without formation of a scar in the case of non-iterative hepatic injury. However, when the liver is exposed to chronic liver injury, the purely regenerative process fails and excessive extracellular matrix proteins are deposited in place of normal liver parenchyma. While much has been discovered in the past three decades, insights into fibrotic mechanisms have not yet lead to effective therapies; liver transplant remains the only cure for advanced liver disease. In an effort to broaden the collection of possible therapeutic targets, this review will compare and contrast the liver wound healing response to that found in two types of wound healing: scarless wound healing of fetal skin and oral mucosa and scar-forming wound healing found in adult skin. This review will examine wound healing in the liver and the skin in relation to the role of humoral and cellular factors, as well as the extracellular matrix, in this process. While several therapeutic targets are similar between fibrotic liver and adult skin wound healing, others are unique and represent novel areas for hepatic anti-fibrotic research. In particular, investigations into the role of hyaluronan in liver fibrosis and fibrosis resolution are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66161, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Non-Neoplastic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071178. [PMID: 27455234 PMCID: PMC4964549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases belonging to the metzincin superfamily. There are at least 23 members of MMPs ever reported in human, and they and their substrates are widely expressed in many tissues. Recent growing evidence has established that MMP not only can degrade a variety of components of extracellular matrix, but also can cleave and activate various non-matrix proteins, including cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, contributing to both physiological and pathological processes. In normal conditions, MMP expression and activity are tightly regulated via interactions between their activators and inhibitors. Imbalance among these factors, however, results in dysregulated MMP activity, which causes tissue destruction and functional alteration or local inflammation, leading to the development of diverse diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, arthritis, neurodegenerative disease, as well as cancer. This article focuses on the accumulated evidence supporting a wide range of roles of MMPs in various non-neoplastic diseases and provides an outlook on the therapeutic potential of inhibiting MMP action.
Collapse
|
34
|
Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammasome pathway in molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160107. [PMID: 27247426 PMCID: PMC4945993 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase in the fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) components in tissue or organ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a major group of proteases known to regulate the turn-over of ECM and so they are suggested to be important in tissue remodelling observed during fibrogenic process associated with chronic inflammation. Tissue remodelling is the result of an imbalance in the equilibrium of the normal processes of synthesis and degradation of ECM components markedly controlled by the MMPs/TIMP imbalance. We previously showed an association of the differences in collagen deposition in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice with a reduced molar pro-MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. Using the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) preclinical model of liver fibrosis in mice, we observed a significant increase in collagen deposition with increased expression and release of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 both at 24 h and 3 weeks later. This suggests an early altered regulation of matrix turnover involved in the development of fibrosis. We also demonstrated an activation of NLRP3-inflammasome pathway associated with the IL-1R/MyD88 signalling in the development of experimental fibrosis both in lung and liver. This was also associated with an increased expression of purinergic receptors mainly P2X7. Finally, these observations emphasize those effective therapies for these disorders must be given early in the natural history of the disease, prior to the development of tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abe H, Kamimura K, Kobayashi Y, Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Ohashi R, Yokoo T, Kanefuji T, Suda T, Tsuchida M, Aoyagi Y, Zhang G, Liu D, Terai S. Effective Prevention of Liver Fibrosis by Liver-targeted Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery of Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 in a Rat Liver Fibrosis Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e276. [PMID: 26730813 PMCID: PMC5012547 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the final stage of liver diseases that lead to liver failure and cancer. While various diagnostic methods, including the use of serum marker, have been established, no standard therapy has been developed. The objective of this study was to assess the approach of overexpressing matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene (MMP13) in rat liver to prevent liver fibrosis progression. A rat liver fibrosis model was established by ligating the bile duct, followed by liver-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery of a MMP13 expression vector, containing a CAG promoter-MMP13-IRES-tdTomato-polyA cassette. After 14 days, the serum level of MMP13 peaked at 71.7 pg/ml in MMP13-treated group, whereas the nontreated group only showed a level of ~5 pg/ml (P < 0.001). These levels were sustained for the next 60 days. The statistically lower level of the hyaluronic acids in treated group versus the nontreated group (P < 0.05) reveals the therapeutic effect of MMP13 overexpression. Quantitative analysis of tissue stained with sirius red showed a statistically larger volume of fibrotic tissue in the nontreated group compared to that of MMP13-treated rats (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the liver-targeted hydrodynamic delivery of MMP13 gene could be effective in the prevention of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1–757 Asahimachi–dori, Chuo–ku, Niigata, Niigata 9518510, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kanefuji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsuchida
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Aoyagi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
In this issue, Rohani et al. (2015) report on the role of macrophage-derived stromelysin-2 (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10) in promoting the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) during cutaneous wound repair. They provide evidence that MMP-10 specifically enhances collagenolytic activity of murine MMP-13 produced by M2-like macrophages. These results emphasize the important role of macrophage-derived MMP-10 in regulating tissue remodeling and scar formation during wound healing.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lv P, Meng Q, Liu J, Wang C. Thalidomide Accelerates the Degradation of Extracellular Matrix in Rat Hepatic Cirrhosis via Down-Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1572-81. [PMID: 26446639 PMCID: PMC4630045 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The degradation of the extracellular matrix has been shown to play an important role in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis. In this study, the effect of thalidomide on the degradation of extracellular matrix was evaluated in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cirrhosis was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) three times weekly for 8 weeks. Then CCl₄ was discontinued and thalidomide (100 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered daily by gavage for 6 weeks. Serum hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen type III, and collagen type IV were examined by using a radioimmunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein in the liver, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) protein in cytoplasm by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, and MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA levels in the liver were studied using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Liver histopathology was significantly better in rats given thalidomide than in the untreated model group. The levels of TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased significantly and MMP-13 mRNA and protein in the liver were significantly elevated in the thalidomide-treated group. CONCLUSION Thalidomide may exert its effects on the regulation of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 via inhibition of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, which enhances the degradation of extracellular matrix and accelerates the regression of hepatic cirrhosis in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China.
| | - Qingshun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chuanfang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Irvine KM, Clouston AD, Gadd VL, Miller GC, Wong WY, Melino M, Maradana MR, MacDonald K, Lang RA, Sweet MJ, Blumenthal A, Powell EE. Deletion of Wntless in myeloid cells exacerbates liver fibrosis and the ductular reaction in chronic liver injury. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2015; 8:19. [PMID: 26473015 PMCID: PMC4606475 DOI: 10.1186/s13069-015-0036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Macrophages play critical roles in liver regeneration, fibrosis development and resolution. They are among the first responders to liver injury and are implicated in orchestrating the fibrogenic response via multiple mechanisms. Macrophages are also intimately associated with the activated hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) niche or ductular reaction that develops in parallel with fibrosis. Among the many macrophage-derived mediators implicated in liver disease progression, a key role for macrophage-derived Wnt proteins in driving pro-regenerative HPC activation towards a hepatocellular fate has been suggested. Wnt proteins, in general, however, have been associated with both pro- and anti-fibrogenic activities in the liver and other organs. We investigated the role of macrophage-derived Wnt proteins in fibrogenesis and HPC activation in murine models of chronic liver disease by conditionally deleting Wntless expression, which encodes a chaperone essential for Wnt protein secretion, in LysM-Cre-expressing myeloid cells (LysM-Wls mice). Results Fibrosis and HPC activation were exacerbated in LysM-Wls mice compared to littermate controls, in the absence of an apparent increase in myofibroblast activation or interstitial collagen mRNA expression, in both the TAA and CDE models of chronic liver disease. Increased Epcam mRNA levels paralleled the increased HPC activation and more mature ductular reactions, in LysM-Wls mice. Increased Epcam expression in LysM-Wls HPC was also observed, consistent with a more cholangiocytic phenotype. No differences in the mRNA expression levels of key pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines or the macrophage-derived HPC mitogen, Tweak, were observed. LysM-Wls mice exhibited increased expression of Timp1, encoding the key Mmp inhibitor Timp1 that blocks interstitial collagen degradation, and, in the TAA model, reduced expression of the anti-fibrotic matrix metalloproteinases, Mmp12 and Mmp13, suggesting a role for macrophage-derived Wnt proteins in restraining fibrogenesis during ongoing liver injury. Conclusion In summary, these data suggest that macrophage-derived Wnt proteins possess anti-fibrogenic potential in chronic liver disease, which may be able to be manipulated for therapeutic benefit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13069-015-0036-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Irvine
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Andrew D Clouston
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Gregory C Miller
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Weng-Yew Wong
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Michelle Melino
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Muralidhara Rao Maradana
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kelli MacDonald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard A Lang
- Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and the Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powell
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Suárez-Causado A, Caballero-Díaz D, Bertrán E, Roncero C, Addante A, García-Álvaro M, Fernández M, Herrera B, Porras A, Fabregat I, Sánchez A. HGF/c-Met signaling promotes liver progenitor cell migration and invasion by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-independent, phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase-dependent pathway in an in vitro model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2453-63. [PMID: 26001768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oval cells constitute an interesting hepatic cell population. They contribute to sustain liver regeneration during chronic liver damage, but in doing this they can be target of malignant conversion and become tumor-initiating cells and drive hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms beneath either their pro-regenerative or pro-tumorigenic potential are still poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of the HGF/c-Met pathway in regulation of oval cell migratory and invasive properties. Our results show that HGF induces c-Met-dependent oval cell migration both in normal culture conditions and after in vitro wounding. HGF-triggered migration involves F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which is also evidenced by activation of Rac1. Furthermore, HGF causes ZO-1 translocation from cell-cell contact sites to cytoplasm and its concomitant activation by phosphorylation. However, no loss of expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins, including E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Occludin-1, is observed. Additionally, migration does not lead to cell dispersal but to a characteristic organized pattern in rows, in turn associated with Golgi compaction, providing strong evidence of a morphogenic collective migration. Besides migration, HGF increases oval cell invasion through extracellular matrix, a process that requires PI3K activation and is at least partly mediated by expression and activation of metalloproteases. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the essential role of HGF/c-Met signaling during oval cell-mediated mouse liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Causado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Caballero-Díaz
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Bertrán
- Laboratori d'Oncologia Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Roncero
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Addante
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M García-Álvaro
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Fernández
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Herrera
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Porras
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Fabregat
- Laboratori d'Oncologia Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Sánchez
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Duarte S, Baber J, Fujii T, Coito AJ. Matrix metalloproteinases in liver injury, repair and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:147-56. [PMID: 25599939 PMCID: PMC4495728 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a large highly vascularized organ with a central function in metabolic homeostasis, detoxification, and immunity. Due to its roles, the liver is frequently exposed to various insults which can cause cell death and hepatic dysfunction. Alternatively, the liver has a remarkable ability to self-repair and regenerate after injury. Liver injury and regeneration have both been linked to complex extracellular matrix (ECM) related pathways. While normal degradation of ECM components is an important feature of tissue repair and remodeling, irregular ECM turnover contributes to a variety of liver diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main enzymes implicated in ECM degradation. MMPs not only remodel the ECM, but also regulate immune responses. In this review, we highlight some of the MMP-attributed roles in acute and chronic liver injury and emphasize the need for further experimentation to better understand their functions during hepatic physiological conditions and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Duarte
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John Baber
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Takehiro Fujii
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ana J Coito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Giannandrea M, Parks WC. Diverse functions of matrix metalloproteinases during fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:193-203. [PMID: 24713275 PMCID: PMC3917240 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis--a debilitating condition that can occur in most organs - is characterized by excess deposition of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). At first sight, the activities of proteinases that can degrade matrix, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), might be expected to be under-expressed in fibrosis or, if present, could function to resolve the excess matrix. However, as we review here, some MMPs are indeed anti-fibrotic, whereas others can have pro-fibrotic functions. MMPs modulate a range of biological processes, especially processes related to immunity and tissue repair and/or remodeling. Although we do not yet know precisely how MMPs function during fibrosis--that is, the protein substrate or substrates that an individual MMP acts on to effect a specific process--experiments in mouse models demonstrate that MMP-dependent functions during fibrosis are not limited to effects on ECM turnover. Rather, data from diverse models indicate that these proteinases influence cellular activities as varied as proliferation and survival, gene expression, and multiple aspects of inflammation that, in turn, impact outcomes related to fibrosis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kumar P, Smith T, Rahman K, Thorn NE, Anania FA. Adiponectin agonist ADP355 attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110405. [PMID: 25310107 PMCID: PMC4195748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a growing global health problem characterized by excess deposition of fibrillar collagen, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Adiponectin is known to possess anti-fibrotic properties; however a high physiological concentration and multiple forms circulating in blood prohibit clinical use. Recently, an adiponectin-like small synthetic peptide agonist (ADP355: H-DAsn-Ile-Pro-Nva-Leu-Tyr-DSer-Phe-Ala-DSer-NH2) was synthesized for the treatment of murine breast cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of ADP355 as an anti-fibrotic agent in the in vivo carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model. Liver fibrosis was induced in eight-week old male C57BL/6J mice by CCl4-gavage every other day for four weeks before injection of a nanoparticle-conjugated with ADP355 (nano-ADP355). Control gold nanoparticles and nano-ADP355 were administered by intraperitoneal injection for two weeks along with CCl4-gavage. All mice were sacrificed after 6 weeks, and serum and liver tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathologic and molecular analyses. Biochemical studies suggested ADP355 treatment attenuates liver fibrosis, determined by reduction of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase ALT) and hydroxyproline. Histopathology revealed chronic CCl4-treatment results in significant fibrosis, while ADP355 treatment induced significantly reversed fibrosis. Key markers for fibrogenesis-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase I (TIMP1) were also markedly attenuated. Conversely, liver lysates from ADP355 treated mice increased phosphorylation of both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and AMPK while AKT phosphorylation was diminished. These findings suggest ADP355 is a potent anti-fibrotic agent that can be an effective intervention against liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tekla Smith
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Khalidur Rahman
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Natalie E. Thorn
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Frank A. Anania
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Epimorphin alters the inhibitory effects of SOX9 on Mmp13 in activated hepatic stellate cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100091. [PMID: 24971829 PMCID: PMC4074045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is characterised by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Although potentially reversible, treatment remains limited. Understanding how ECM influences the pathogenesis of the disease may provide insight into novel therapeutic targets for the disease. The extracellular protein Epimorphin (EPIM) has been implicated in tissue repair mechanisms in several tissues, partially, through its ability to manipulate proteases. In this study, we have identified that EPIM modulates the ECM environment produced by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), in part, through down-regulation of pro-fibrotic Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9). Methods Influence of EPIM on ECM was investigated in cultured primary rat HSCs. Activated HSCs were treated with recombinant EPIM or SOX9 siRNA. Core fibrotic factors were evaluated by immunoblotting, qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results During HSC activation EPIM became significantly decreased in contrast to pro-fibrotic markers SOX9, Collagen type 1 (COL1), and α- Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Treatment of activated HSCs with recombinant EPIM caused a reduction in α-SMA, SOX9, COL1 and Osteopontin (OPN), while increasing expression of the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). Sox9 abrogation in activated HSCs increased EPIM and MMP13 expression. Conclusion These data provide evidence for EPIM and SOX9 functioning by mutual negative feedback to regulate attributes of the quiescent or activated state of HSCs. Further understanding of EPIM's role may lead to opportunities to modulate SOX9 as a therapeutic avenue for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Okazaki I, Noro T, Tsutsui N, Yamanouchi E, Kuroda H, Nakano M, Yokomori H, Inagaki Y. Fibrogenesis and Carcinogenesis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase (TIMPs). Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1220-55. [PMID: 24978432 PMCID: PMC4190539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging worldwide because life-styles have changed to include much over-eating and less physical activity. The clinical and pathophysiological features of NASH are very different from those of HBV- and HCV-chronic liver diseases. The prognosis of NASH is worse among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and some NASH patients show HCC with or without cirrhosis. In the present review we discuss fibrogenesis and the relationship between fibrosis and HCC occurrence in NASH to clarify the role of MMPs and TIMPs in both mechanisms. Previously we proposed MMP and TIMP expression in the multi-step occurrence of HCC from the literature based on viral-derived HCC. We introduce again these expressions during hepatocarcinogenesis and compare them to those in NASH-derived HCC, although the relationship with hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HPCs) invasion remains unknown. Signal transduction of MMPs and TIMPs is also discussed because it is valuable for the prevention and treatment of NASH and NASH-derived HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
| | - Takuji Noro
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Eigoro Yamanouchi
- Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Hajime Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Ofuna Chuo Hospital, Kanagawa 247-0056, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama 364-8501, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine and Institute of Medical Sciences, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nunes de Carvalho S, Helal-Neto E, de Andrade DC, Costa Cortez EA, Thole AA, Barja-Fidalgo C, de Carvalho L. Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation increases metalloproteinase-9 and 13 and decreases tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and 2 expression in the liver of cholestatic rats. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:139-48. [PMID: 23886643 DOI: 10.1159/000353215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic injury followed by activation of macrophages and fibrogenic cells like myofibroblasts and activated hepatic stellate cells. These fibrogenic cells express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and produce excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), with disorganization and loss of function of hepatic parenchyma. It is known that increased levels of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in liver fibrosis are associated with reduction of the pathologic ECM and fibrosis resolution. Recently, it has been shown that bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) may reduce collagen and α-SMA expression, and ameliorate liver function in cholestatic rats. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13, and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs)-1 and TIMP-2 in the liver of cholestatic rats transplanted with BMMNC. Animals were divided into normal rats, cholestatic rats obtained after 14 and 21 days of bile duct ligation (BDL), and rats obtained after 14 days of BDL that received BMMNCs and were killed after 7 days. MMP and TIMP expression was assessed by Western blotting, along with α-SMA, CD68 and CD11b expression by confocal microscopy. Western blotting analysis showed that 14-day BDL animals had significantly reduced amounts of MMP-2 and MMP-13, but increased amounts of MMP-9 compared to normal rats. After 21 days of BDL, overall MMP amounts were decreased and TIMPs were increased. BMMNC transplantation significantly increased MMP-9 and MMP-13, and decreased TIMP expression. Increased MMP activity was confirmed by zymography. MMP-9 and MMP-13 were expressed by macrophages near fibrotic septa, suggesting BMMNC may stimulate MMP production in fibrotic livers, contributing to ECM degradation and hepatic regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nunes de Carvalho
- Laboratório Cultura de Células, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Endo H, Niioka M, Kobayashi N, Tanaka M, Watanabe T. Butyrate-producing probiotics reduce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in rats: new insight into the probiotics for the gut-liver axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63388. [PMID: 23696823 PMCID: PMC3656030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The gut-derived endotoxin plays an essential role in the pathophysiological development and progression of NAFLD. By using rat models of choline-deficient/L-amino acid-defined (CDAA)-diet-induced NAFLD, we examined whether MIYAIRI 588–a butyrate-producing probiotic – prevents the progression of pathophysiological changes from steatosis to hepatocarcinogenesis. In vivo experiments showed that treatment with MIYAIRI 588 reduced CDAA-diet-induced hepatic lipid deposition and significantly improved the triglyceride content, insulin resistance, serum endotoxin levels, and hepatic inflammatory indexes. We also found that MIYAIRI 588 substantially increased the activation of hepatic adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AKT and the expression of lipogenesis- or lipolysis-related proteins. MIYAIRI 588 also improved CDAA-diet-induced delocalization and substantially decreased the expression of the tight-junction proteins intestinal zonula occluden-1 and occludin in CDAA-diet-fed rats. Further, the MIYAIRI 588-treated rats also showed remarkable induction of nuclear factor erythoid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its targeted antioxidative enzymes, which suppressed hepatic oxidative stress. In vitro studies revealed that treatment with sodium butyrate (NaB) also activated AMPK and AKT and enhanced Nrf2 expression by precluding ubiquitination, thereby increasing the half-life of the Nrf2 protein. Pharmacological studies and siRNA knockdown experiments showed that NaB-mediated AMPK activation induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Sirtuin 1, leading to the increased assembly of mammalian TOR complex 2 and phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473 and subsequent induction of Nrf2 expression and activation. These favorable changes caused an obvious decrease in hepatic fibrous deposition, GST-P-positive foci development, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Our data clearly established that the probiotic MIYAIRI 588 has beneficial effects in the prevention of NAFLD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- * E-mail: (HE); (TW)
| | - Maki Niioka
- Teaching and Research Support Center, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Research Laboratory, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- * E-mail: (HE); (TW)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Toriseva M, Laato M, Carpén O, Ruohonen ST, Savontaus E, Inada M, Krane SM, Kähäri VM. MMP-13 regulates growth of wound granulation tissue and modulates gene expression signatures involved in inflammation, proteolysis, and cell viability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42596. [PMID: 22880047 PMCID: PMC3413640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinases play a pivotal role in wound healing by regulating cell-matrix interactions and availability of bioactive molecules. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in granulation tissue growth was studied in subcutaneously implanted viscose cellulose sponge in MMP-13 knockout (Mmp13(-/-)) and wild type (WT) mice. The tissue samples were harvested at time points day 7, 14 and 21 and subjected to histological analysis and gene expression profiling. Granulation tissue growth was significantly reduced (42%) at day 21 in Mmp13(-/-) mice. Granulation tissue in Mmp13(-/-) mice showed delayed organization of myofibroblasts, increased microvascular density at day 14, and virtual absence of large vessels at day 21. Gene expression profiling identified differentially expressed genes in Mmp13(-/-) mouse granulation tissue involved in biological functions including inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cellular movement, cellular growth and proliferation and proteolysis. Among genes linked to angiogenesis, Adamts4 and Npy were significantly upregulated in early granulation tissue in Mmp13(-/-) mice, and a set of genes involved in leukocyte motility including Il6 were systematically downregulated at day 14. The expression of Pdgfd was downregulated in Mmp13(-/-) granulation tissue in all time points. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases Mmp2, Mmp3, Mmp9 was also significantly downregulated in granulation tissue of Mmp13(-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Mmp13(-/-) mouse skin fibroblasts displayed altered cell morphology and impaired ability to contract collagen gel and decreased production of MMP-2. These results provide evidence for an important role for MMP-13 in wound healing by coordinating cellular activities important in the growth and maturation of granulation tissue, including myofibroblast function, inflammation, angiogenesis, and proteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Toriseva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Laato
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen M. Krane
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|