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Milosevic A, Milosevic K, Zivkovic A, Lavrnja I, Savic D, Bjelobaba I, Janjic MM. Alterations in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis as a Response to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Dark Agouti Rats of Both Sexes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1020. [PMID: 39199407 PMCID: PMC11352252 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system, usually diagnosed during the reproductive period. Both MS and its commonly used animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), exhibit sex-specific features regarding disease progression and disturbances in the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems. This study investigates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response of male and female Dark Agouti rats during EAE. At the onset of EAE, Crh expression in the hypothalamus of both sexes is decreased, while males show reduced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Adrenal gland activity is increased during EAE in both males and females, as evidenced by enlarged adrenal glands and increased StAR gene and protein expression. However, only male rats show increased serum and adrenal corticosterone levels, and an increased volume of the adrenal cortex. Adrenal 3β-HSD protein and progesterone levels are elevated in males only. Serum progesterone levels of male rats are also increased, although testicular progesterone levels are decreased during the disease, implying that the adrenal gland is the source of elevated serum progesterone levels in males. Our results demonstrate a sex difference in the response of the HPA axis at the adrenal level, with male rats showing a more pronounced induction during EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marija M. Janjic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.); (K.M.); (A.Z.); (I.L.); (D.S.); (I.B.)
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Navarro‐Gonzalez YD, Ventura‐Juarez J, Muñoz‐Ortega MH, González‐Blas D, Calvillo‐Robedo A, Avila‐Blanco M, Valdez‐Urias F, Quintanar‐Stephano A. Arginine vasopressin deficiency and conivaptan (a V1a-V2 receptor antagonist) treatment reverses liver damage and fibrosis in rats with chronic portocaval anastomosis. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:209-222. [PMID: 36964979 PMCID: PMC10349233 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a naturally occurring hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus. AVP demonstrates pro-fibrotic effects as it stimulates hepatic stellate cells to secrete transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and collagen. Previous work in liver cirrhotic (CCL4 -induced) hamsters demonstrated that AVP deficiency induced by neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) can restore liver function. Therefore, we hypothesized that liver fibrosis would decrease in portocaval anastomosis (PCA) rats, which model chronic liver diseases, when they are treated with the V1a-V2 AVP receptor antagonist conivaptan (CV). In this study, changes in liver histology and gene expression were analysed in five experimental groups: control, PCA, NIL, PCA + NIL and PCA + CV, with NIL surgery or CV treatment administered 8 weeks after PCA surgery. Body weight gain was assessed on a weekly basis, and serum liver function, liver weight and liver glycogen content were assessed following euthanasia. Most PCA-induced phenotypes were reverted to normal levels following AVP-modelled deficiency, though hypoglycemia and ammonium levels remained elevated in the PCA + CV group. Liver histopathological findings showed a significant reversal in collagen content, less fibrosis in the triad and liver septa and increased regenerative nodules. Molecular analyses showed that the expression of fibrogenic genes (TGF-β and collagen type I) decreased in the PCA + CV group. Our findings strongly suggest that chronic NIL or CV treatment can induce a favourable microenvironment to decrease liver fibrosis and support CV as an alternative treatment for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Ventura‐Juarez
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias BásicasUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | | | | | - Argelia Calvillo‐Robedo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias BásicasUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Manuel‐Enrique Avila‐Blanco
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias BásicasUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Fernando Valdez‐Urias
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias BásicasUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar‐Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias BásicasUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
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Calvillo-Robledo A, Ramírez-Farías C, Valdez-Urias F, Huerta-Carreón EP, Quintanar-Stephano A. Arginine vasopressin hormone receptor antagonists in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rodent models: A new approach for human multiple sclerosis treatment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1138627. [PMID: 36998727 PMCID: PMC10043225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1138627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. MS is a heterogeneous disorder of multiple factors that are mainly associated with the immune system including the breakdown of the blood-brain and spinal cord barriers induced by T cells, B cells, antigen presenting cells, and immune components such as chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The incidence of MS has been increasing worldwide recently, and most therapies related to its treatment are associated with the development of several secondary effects, such as headaches, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, and some types of cancer; therefore, the search for an effective treatment is ongoing. The use of animal models of MS continues to be an important option for extrapolating new treatments. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) replicates the several pathophysiological features of MS development and clinical signs, to obtain a potential treatment for MS in humans and improve the disease prognosis. Currently, the exploration of neuro-immune-endocrine interactions represents a highlight of interest in the treatment of immune disorders. The arginine vasopressin hormone (AVP) is involved in the increase in blood−brain barrier permeability, inducing the development and aggressiveness of the disease in the EAE model, whereas its deficiency improves the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, this present review discussed on the use of conivaptan a blocker of AVP receptors type 1a and type 2 (V1a and V2 AVP) in the modulation of immune response without completely depleting its activity, minimizing the adverse effects associated with the conventional therapies becoming a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Gag K, Müller J, Süße M, Fleischmann R, Schroeder HWS. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following endonasal resection of a craniopharyngioma: illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY: CASE LESSONS 2021; 2:CASE21293. [PMID: 35855278 PMCID: PMC9281492 DOI: 10.3171/case21293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare, acquired demyelination syndrome that causes cognitive impairment and focal neurological deficits and may be fatal. The potentially reversible disease mainly affects children, often after vaccination or viral infection, but may be seen rarely in adults. OBSERVATIONS A 50-year-old woman presented with loss of visual acuity of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intra- and suprasellar mass, which was removed successfully. On postoperative day 1, MRI showed gross total resection of the lesion and no surgery-related complications. On postoperative day 2, the patient presented with a progressive left-sided hemiparesis, hemineglect, and decline of cognitive performance. MRI showed white matter edema in both hemispheres. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mixed pleocytosis (355/µL) without further evidence of infection. In synopsis of the findings, ADEM was diagnosed and treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Shortly thereafter, the patient recovered, and no sensorimotor deficits were detected in the follow-up examination. LESSONS Pituitary gland pathologies are commonly treated by transsphenoidal surgery, with only minor risks for complications. A case of ADEM after craniopharyngioma resection has not been published before and should be considered in case of progressive neurological deterioration with multiple white matter lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Müller
- Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Ghareghani M, Ghanbari A, Eid A, Shaito A, Mohamed W, Mondello S, Zibara K. Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:164-189. [PMID: 34046214 PMCID: PMC8134801 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Eid
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences – I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Blockade of Arginine Vasopressin receptors prevents blood-brain barrier breakdown in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:467. [PMID: 31949182 PMCID: PMC6965180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a significant pathophysiological role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Vasopressin (AVP) is released after brain injury and contributes to the inflammatory response. We propose that AVP may be modulating BBB permeability and hence affecting EAE clinical signs. Female Lewis rats were immunized s.c. with guinea-pig brain extract suspended in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Prior to that, animals were subjected to Neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) or treated with AVP receptor antagonist (conivaptan). BBB permeability assays were performed. Western blot for claudin-5 and histological analysis were performed in conivaptan treated EAE rats. EAE increase in BBB permeability to Evans blue was reverted by the NIL surgery. AVP receptor blockade reverted the EAE BBB hyperpermeability to Evans blue and 10-kDa FITC-dextran in almost all brain regions. Both, AVP low levels and AVP receptor blockade attenuated EAE clinical signs. Conivaptan reduced perivascular cuffs in EAE rats. A decrease in claudin-5 expression was observed in EAE rats and conivaptan treatment partially restored normal levels. Our data indicate that V1a and V2 AVP receptors can modulate BBB permeability and consequently are involved in the CNS inflammatory process during EAE. Future research is required to characterize the utility of vasopressin antagonist in MS treatment.
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Zetter M, Barrios-Payán J, Mata-Espinosa D, Marquina-Castillo B, Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Pando R. Involvement of Vasopressin in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A New Therapeutic Target? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31244771 PMCID: PMC6563385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly complex infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation of the lung and systemic immune-neuroendocrine responses that have been associated with pathophysiology and disease outcome. Vasopressin (VP), a neurohypophysial hormone with immunomodulatory effects, is abnormally high in plasma of some patients with pulmonary TB, and is apparently produced ectopically. In this study, a BALB/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary TB was used to determine whether VP may play a role in TB pathophysiology. Our results show that VP gene is expressed in the lung since early infection, increasing as the infection progressed, and localized mainly in macrophages, which are key cells in mycobacterial elimination. Pharmacologic manipulation using agonist and antagonist compounds showed that high and sustained stimulation of VPR resulted in increased bacillary burdens and fibrosis at lungs, while blockade of VP receptors reduced bacterial loads. Accordingly, treatment of infected alveolar macrophages with VP in cell cultures resulted in high numbers of intracellular Mtb and impaired cytokine production. Thus, we show that VP is ectopically produced in the tuberculous lungs, with macrophages being its most possible target cell. Further, it seems that chronic vasopressinergic stimulation during active late disease causes anti-inflammatory and tissue reparative effects, which could be deleterious while its pharmacologic suppression reactivates protective immunity and contributes to shorten conventional chemotherapy, which could be a new possible form of immune-endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zetter
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rogelio Hernández-Pando
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Quintanar-Stephano A, Ventura-Juárez J, Sánchez-Alemán E, Aldaba-Muruato LR, Cervantes-García D, Gonzalez-Blas D, Muñoz-Ortega MH. Liver cirrhosis reversion is improved in hamsters with a neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:496-503. [PMID: 28487049 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulating mechanisms of fibrosis is an important goal in the treatment of fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in promoting fibrosis in several organs has been well documented. However, the result of an AVP deficiency during liver fibrosis has not been reported. We herein study the effects of an AVP deficiency, which was induced by neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL), on liver cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis reversion. Hamsters were intact (control) or underwent CCl4-induced cirrhosis, the latter animals divided into four groups: Cirrhotic, NIL-cirrhotic, Cirrhotic-reversion (R) and NIL-cirrhotic-R. Liver function, liver histopathology (including the fibrosis area and collagen types) and liver expression of MMP-13 and TIMP-2 were assessed. Results show that the AVP deficiency decreased the levels of alkaline phosphatase in serum and the expression of type I collagen and TIMP-2, and increased type III collagen deposition, MMP-13 expression and the size of regeneration nodules in NIL-cirrhotic and NIL-cirrhotic-R animals. A significantly greater recovery was found in the NIL-cirrhotic-R than the Cirrhotic-R group. We conclude that an AVP deficiency participates importantly in hamster liver regeneration by: 1) prompting the fibroblasts to produce type III collagen deposit, 2) influencing the activity of AP from bile duct cells, and 3) inhibiting TIMP-2 expression while favoring the fibrolytic activity of MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - J Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - E Sánchez-Alemán
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - L R Aldaba-Muruato
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - D Cervantes-García
- CONACYT-Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - D Gonzalez-Blas
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General ISSSTE, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - M H Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Mexico.
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Rotondo F, Butz H, Syro LV, Yousef GM, Di Ieva A, Restrepo LM, Quintanar-Stephano A, Berczi I, Kovacs K. Arginine vasopressin (AVP): a review of its historical perspectives, current research and multifunctional role in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. Pituitary 2016; 19:345-55. [PMID: 26762848 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-015-0703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This publication reviews the function of arginine vasopressin and focuses on the morphologic and functional correlation between the hormone and its effect on stress, the hypophysial-adrenocortical axis, neuroimmune responses, renal function and corticotroph pituitary tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was performed using various search engines for information regarding the morphology and the multifunctional role of arginine vasopressin. RESULTS Although a large number of studies were published discussing these interactions, there are several important areas that are still obscure. CONCLUSION The questions of how does arginine vasopressin affect the morphology and function of these various areas, and how does the secretion of ACTH and adrenocortical hormones influence the morphology of arginine vasopressin-producing cells and their hormone secretion requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rotondo
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - Henriett Butz
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Luis V Syro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Clinica Medellin, Medellín, Colombia
| | - George M Yousef
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lina M Restrepo
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinica Medellin, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andres Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Istvan Berczi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
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Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Cervantes R, Moreno-Mendoza N, Escobedo G, Carrero JC, Nava-Castro KE, Morales-Montor J. The endocrine-immune network during taeniosis by Taenia solium: The role of the pituitary gland. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:233-44. [PMID: 26481692 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that sex hormones play an important role during Taenia solium infection; however, to our knowledge no studies exist concerning the immune response following complete or lobe-specific removal of the pituitary gland during T. solium infection. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze in hamsters, the effects of lack of pituitary hormones on the duodenal immune response, and their impact on T. solium establishment and development. Thus, in order to achieve this goal, we perform anterior pituitary lobectomy (AL, n = 9), neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL, n = 9) and total hypophysectomy (HYPOX, n = 8), and related to the gut establishment and growth of T. solium, hematoxylin-eosin staining of duodenal tissue and immunofluorescence of duodenal cytokine expression and compared these results to the control intact (n = 8) and control infected group (n = 8). Our results indicate that 15 days post-infection, HYPOX reduces the number and size of intestinally recovered T. solium adults. Using semiquantitative immunofluorescent laser confocal microscopy, we observed that the mean intensity of duodenal IFN-γ and IL-12 Th1 cytokines was mildly expressed in the infected controls, in contrast with the high level of expression of these cytokines in the NIL infected hamsters. Likewise, the duodenum of HYPOX animals showed an increase in the expression of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, when compared to control hamsters. Histological analysis of duodenal mucosa from HYPOX hamsters revealed an exacerbated inflammatory infiltrate located along the lamina propria and related to the presence of the parasite. We conclude that lobe-specific pituitary hormones affect differentially the T. solium development and the gut immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Norma Moreno-Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, 06726 México DF, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico.
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Hernández-Cervantes R, Quintanar-Stephano A, Moreno-Méndoza N, López-Griego L, López-Salazar V, Hernández-Bello R, Carrero JC, Morales-Montor J. Regulation of intestinal immune response by selective removal of the anterior, posterior, or entire pituitary gland in Trichinella spiralis infected golden hamsters. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59486. [PMID: 23555042 PMCID: PMC3598742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of anterior pituitary hormones on the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals has been previously reported. Hypophysectomy (HYPOX) in the rat causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, and reduction of gastric secretion and intestinal absorption, as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. However, to our knowledge, no findings have been published concerning the immune response following HYPOX during worm infection, particularly that which is caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of total or partial HYPOX on colonization of T. spiralis in the intestinal lumen, together with duodenal and splenic cytokine expression. Our results indicate that 5 days post infection, only neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) reduces the number of intestinally recovered T. spiralis larvae. Using semiquantitative inmunofluorescent laser confocal microscopy, we observed that the mean intensity of all tested Th1 cytokines was markedly diminished, even in the duodenum of infected controls. In contrast, a high level of expression of these cytokines was noted in the NIL infected hamsters. Likewise, a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Th2 cytokines (with the exception of IL-4) was apparent in the duodenum of control and sham infected hamsters, compared to animals with NIL surgeries, which showed an increase in the expression of IL-5 and IL-13. Histology of duodenal mucosa from NIL hamsters showed an exacerbated inflammatory infiltrate located along the lamina propria, which was related to the presence of the parasite. We conclude that hormones from each pituitary lobe affect the gastrointestinal immune responses to T. spiralis through various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Norma Moreno-Méndoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Lorena López-Griego
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Valeria López-Salazar
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Romel Hernández-Bello
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México
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Cárdenas-Jaramillo LM, Quintanar-Stephano A, Jarillo-Luna RA, Rivera-Aguilar V, Oliver-Aguillón G, Campos-Rodríguez R, Kovacs K, Berczi I. Regulation of intestinal morphology and GALT by pituitary hormones in the rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1261:72-8. [PMID: 22823396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, the effects of neurointermediate (NIL), anterior (AL), and total hypophysectomy (HYPOX) on ileal mucosa cells and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) are reported. Compared with the sham-operated (SHAM) rats, the villi height and goblet cells numbers were significantly decreased in all groups. Lamina propria area decreased in AL and HYPOX, but not in NIL animals. CD8(+) but not CD4(+) lymphocytes decreased in the HYPOX and NIL groups. Paneth cells did not change, while IgA cells, IgM cells, and secretory IgA were significantly decreased in all groups. NIL but not AL animals lost significant numbers of IgA cells and secretory IgA. In summary, pituitary hormones exert lobe-specific regulatory effects on the gut and on GALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Cárdenas-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Morfología, Laboratorio de Morfología Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, México
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