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Sarasua SM, DeLuca JM, Rogers C, Phelan K, Rennert L, Powder KE, Weisensee K, Boccuto L. Head Size in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: A Literature Review and Pooled Analysis of 198 Patients Identifies Candidate Genes on 22q13. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:540. [PMID: 36980813 PMCID: PMC10048319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a multisystem disorder that is associated with deletions of the 22q13 genomic region or pathogenic variants in the SHANK3 gene. Notable features include developmental issues, absent or delayed speech, neonatal hypotonia, seizures, autism or autistic traits, gastrointestinal problems, renal abnormalities, dolichocephaly, and both macro- and microcephaly. Assessment of the genetic factors that are responsible for abnormal head size in PMS has been hampered by small sample sizes as well as a lack of attention to these features. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between head size and genes on chromosome 22q13. A review of the literature was conducted to identify published cases of 22q13 deletions with information on head size to conduct a pooled association analysis. Across 56 studies, we identified 198 cases of PMS with defined deletion sizes and head size information. A total of 33 subjects (17%) had macrocephaly, 26 (13%) had microcephaly, and 139 (70%) were normocephalic. Individuals with macrocephaly had significantly larger genomic deletions than those with microcephaly or normocephaly (p < 0.0001). A genomic region on 22q13.31 was found to be significantly associated with macrocephaly with CELSR1, GRAMD4, and TBCD122 suggested as candidate genes. Investigation of these genes will aid the understanding of head and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Sarasua
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jane M. DeLuca
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Katy Phelan
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL 33908, USA
| | - Lior Rennert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kara E. Powder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Katherine Weisensee
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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2
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Martinowich K, Das D, Sripathy SR, Mai Y, Kenney RF, Maher BJ. Evaluation of Na v1.8 as a therapeutic target for Pitt Hopkins Syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:76-82. [PMID: 36224259 PMCID: PMC9812766 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pitt Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS) is a rare syndromic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) gene. TCF4 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is critical for neurodevelopment and brain function through its binding to cis-regulatory elements of target genes. One potential therapeutic strategy for PTHS is to identify dysregulated target genes and normalize their dysfunction. Here, we propose that SCN10A is an important target gene of TCF4 that is an applicable therapeutic approach for PTHS. Scn10a encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 and is consistently shown to be upregulated in PTHS mouse models. In this perspective, we review prior literature and present novel data that suggests inhibiting Nav1.8 in PTHS mouse models is effective at normalizing neuron function, brain circuit activity and behavioral abnormalities and posit this therapeutic approach as a treatment for PTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Martinowich
- grid.429552.d0000 0004 5913 1291Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Debamitra Das
- grid.429552.d0000 0004 5913 1291Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Srinidhi Rao Sripathy
- grid.429552.d0000 0004 5913 1291Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Yishan Mai
- grid.429552.d0000 0004 5913 1291Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Rakaia F. Kenney
- grid.429552.d0000 0004 5913 1291Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Brady J. Maher
- grid.429552.d0000 0004 5913 1291Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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3
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Disordered breathing in a Pitt-Hopkins syndrome model involves Phox2b-expressing parafacial neurons and aberrant Nav1.8 expression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5962. [PMID: 34645823 PMCID: PMC8514575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare autism spectrum-like disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delays, and breathing problems involving episodes of hyperventilation followed by apnea. PTHS is caused by functional haploinsufficiency of the gene encoding transcription factor 4 (Tcf4). Despite the severity of this disease, mechanisms contributing to PTHS behavioral abnormalities are not well understood. Here, we show that a Tcf4 truncation (Tcf4tr/+) mouse model of PTHS exhibits breathing problems similar to PTHS patients. This behavioral deficit is associated with selective loss of putative expiratory parafacial neurons and compromised function of neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus that regulate breathing in response to tissue CO2/H+. We also show that central Nav1.8 channels can be targeted pharmacologically to improve respiratory function at the cellular and behavioral levels in Tcf4tr/+ mice, thus establishing Nav1.8 as a high priority target with therapeutic potential in PTHS. Disordered breathing is a hallmark of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), yet little is known regarding how loss of Tcf4 (gene associated with PTHS) affects development and function of respiratory neurons. Here, the authors show that parafacial respiratory neurons are selectively disrupted in a mouse model of PTHS, and central Nav1.8 channels can be targeted to improve PTHS-associated behavior abnormalities.
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Mastrangelo M, Manti F, Giannini MT, Guerrini R, Leuzzi V. KCNQ2 encephalopathy manifesting with Rett-like features: A follow-up into adulthood. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e510. [PMID: 33134511 PMCID: PMC7577543 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mastrangelo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (M.M., F.M., M.T.G., V.L.), Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; and Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Excellence Centre (R.G.), Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Manti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (M.M., F.M., M.T.G., V.L.), Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; and Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Excellence Centre (R.G.), Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giannini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (M.M., F.M., M.T.G., V.L.), Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; and Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Excellence Centre (R.G.), Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (M.M., F.M., M.T.G., V.L.), Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; and Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Excellence Centre (R.G.), Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (M.M., F.M., M.T.G., V.L.), Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; and Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Excellence Centre (R.G.), Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
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5
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Menezes LFS, Sabiá Júnior EF, Tibery DV, Carneiro LDA, Schwartz EF. Epilepsy-Related Voltage-Gated Sodium Channelopathies: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1276. [PMID: 33013363 PMCID: PMC7461817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by abnormal brain activity and a predisposition to generate epileptic seizures, leading to neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, social, and economic impacts for the patient. There are several known causes for epilepsy; one of them is the malfunction of ion channels, resulting from mutations. Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) play an essential role in the generation and propagation of action potential, and malfunction caused by mutations can induce irregular neuronal activity. That said, several genetic variations in NaV channels have been described and associated with epilepsy. These mutations can affect channel kinetics, modifying channel activation, inactivation, recovery from inactivation, and/or the current window. Among the NaV subtypes related to epilepsy, NaV1.1 is doubtless the most relevant, with more than 1500 mutations described. Truncation and missense mutations are the most observed alterations. In addition, several studies have already related mutated NaV channels with the electrophysiological functioning of the channel, aiming to correlate with the epilepsy phenotype. The present review provides an overview of studies on epilepsy-associated mutated human NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.6, and NaV1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Santos Menezes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elias Ferreira Sabiá Júnior
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Diogo Vieira Tibery
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lilian Dos Anjos Carneiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Euro Americano, Brasília, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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6
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Yin J, Chun CA, Zavadenko NN, Pechatnikova NL, Naumova OY, Doddapaneni HV, Hu J, Muzny DM, Schaaf CP, Grigorenko EL. Next Generation Sequencing of 134 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Regression. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080853. [PMID: 32722525 PMCID: PMC7463850 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience developmental regression, the etiology of which remains largely unknown. We performed a complete literature search and identified 47 genes that had been implicated in such cases. We sequenced these genes in a preselected cohort of 134 individuals with regressive autism. In total, 16 variants in 12 genes with evidence supportive of pathogenicity were identified. They were classified as variants of uncertain significance based on ACMG standards and guidelines. Among these were recurring variants in GRIN2A and PLXNB2, variants in genes that were linked to syndromic forms of ASD (GRIN2A, MECP2, CDKL5, SCN1A,PCDH19, UBE3A, and SLC9A6), and variants in the form of oligogenic heterozygosity (EHMT1, SLC9A6, and MFSD8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yin
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.Y.); (C.-A.C.); (C.P.S.)
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chun-An Chun
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.Y.); (C.-A.C.); (C.P.S.)
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nikolay N. Zavadenko
- Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.Z.); (N.L.P.)
| | - Natalia L. Pechatnikova
- Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.Z.); (N.L.P.)
| | - Oxana Yu. Naumova
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA;
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Translational Developmental Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Harsha V. Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.V.D.); (J.H.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.V.D.); (J.H.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.V.D.); (J.H.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Christian P. Schaaf
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.Y.); (C.-A.C.); (C.P.S.)
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena L. Grigorenko
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.Y.); (C.-A.C.); (C.P.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Translational Developmental Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-743-7983
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7
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Kolevzon A, Delaby E, Berry-Kravis E, Buxbaum JD, Betancur C. Neuropsychiatric decompensation in adolescents and adults with Phelan-McDermid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. Mol Autism 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 31879555 PMCID: PMC6930682 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is caused by haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene on chromosome 22q13.33 and is characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, severe speech impairments, and autism spectrum disorder. Emerging evidence indicates that there are changes over time in the phenotype observed in individuals with PMS, including severe neuropsychiatric symptoms and loss of skills occurring in adolescence and adulthood. To gain further insight into these phenomena and to better understand the long-term course of the disorder, we conducted a systematic literature review and identified 56 PMS cases showing signs of behavioral and neurologic decompensation in adolescence or adulthood (30 females, 25 males, 1 gender unknown). Clinical presentations included features of bipolar disorder, catatonia, psychosis, and loss of skills, occurring at a mean age of 20 years. There were no apparent sex differences in the rates of these disorders except for catatonia, which appeared to be more frequent in females (13 females, 3 males). Reports of individuals with point mutations in SHANK3 exhibiting neuropsychiatric decompensation and loss of skills demonstrate that loss of one copy of SHANK3 is sufficient to cause these manifestations. In the majority of cases, no apparent cause could be identified; in others, symptoms appeared after acute events, such as infections, prolonged or particularly intense seizures, or changes in the individual's environment. Several individuals had a progressive neurological deterioration, including one with juvenile onset metachromatic leukodystrophy, a severe demyelinating disorder caused by recessive mutations in the ARSA gene in 22q13.33. These reports provide insights into treatment options that have proven helpful in some cases, and are reviewed herein. Our survey highlights how little is currently known about neuropsychiatric presentations and loss of skills in PMS and underscores the importance of studying the natural history in individuals with PMS, including both cross-sectional and long-term longitudinal analyses. Clearer delineation of these neuropsychiatric symptoms will contribute to their recognition and prompt management and will also help uncover the underlying biological mechanisms, potentially leading to improved interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Elsa Delaby
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
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Sungur AÖ, Redecker TM, Andres E, Dürichen W, Schwarting RKW, Del Rey A, Wöhr M. Reduced Efficacy of d-Amphetamine and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in Inducing Hyperactivity in Mice Lacking the Postsynaptic Scaffolding Protein SHANK1. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:419. [PMID: 30505269 PMCID: PMC6250831 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in the three SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANK) genes (SHANK1, SHANK2, and SHANK3) are associated with multiple major neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and bipolar disorder (BPD). Psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity is a commonly applied paradigm to assess behavioral phenotypes related to BPD and considered to be the gold standard for modeling mania-like elevated drive in mouse models. Therefore, the goal of our present study was to test whether Shank1 plays a role in the behavioral effects of psychostimulants and whether this is associated with genotype-dependent neurochemical alterations. To this aim, male and female null mutant Shank1-/- mice were treated with d-amphetamine (AMPH; 2.5 mg/kg) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy; 20 mg/kg), and psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity was compared to heterozygous Shank1+/- and wildtype Shank1+/+ littermate controls. Results show that Shank1-/- mice display reduced psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity, although psychostimulants robustly stimulated locomotor activity in littermate controls. Shank1 deletion effects emerged throughout development, were particularly prominent in adulthood, and seen in response to both psychostimulants, i.e., AMPH and MDMA. Specifically, while AMPH-induced hyperactivity was reduced but still detectable in Shank1-/- mice, MDMA-induced hyperactivity was robustly blocked and completely absent in Shank1-/- mice. Reduced efficacy of psychostimulants to stimulate hyperactivity in Shank1-/- mice might be associated with alterations in the neurochemical architecture in prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and hypothalamus. Our observation that psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity is reduced rather than enhanced in Shank1-/- mice clearly speaks against a behavioral phenotype with relevance to BPD. Lack of BPD-like phenotype is consistent with currently available human data linking mutations in SHANK2 and SHANK3 but not SHANK1 to BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Özge Sungur
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Redecker
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Andres
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Dürichen
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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9
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Schönewolf-Greulich B, Bisgaard AM, Møller R, Dunø M, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Kaur S, Van Bergen N, Lunke S, Eggers S, Jespersgaard C, Christodoulou J, Tümer Z. Clinician’s guide to genes associated with Rett-like phenotypes-Investigation of a Danish cohort and review of the literature. Clin Genet 2018; 95:221-230. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Schönewolf-Greulich
- Center for Rett Syndrome, Kennedy Center, Department of Paediatrics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A-M. Bisgaard
- Center for Rett Syndrome, Kennedy Center, Department of Paediatrics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R.S. Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre; Dianalund Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - M. Dunø
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. Brøndum-Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Kaur
- Neurodevelopmental Genomics Research Group; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - N.J. Van Bergen
- Neurodevelopmental Genomics Research Group; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - S. Lunke
- Translational Genomics Unit; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - S. Eggers
- Translational Genomics Unit; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - C. Jespersgaard
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. Christodoulou
- Neurodevelopmental Genomics Research Group; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Z. Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
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10
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Reierson G, Bernstein J, Froehlich-Santino W, Urban A, Purmann C, Berquist S, Jordan J, O’Hara R, Hallmayer J. Characterizing regression in Phelan McDermid Syndrome (22q13 deletion syndrome). J Psychiatr Res 2017; 91:139-144. [PMID: 28346892 PMCID: PMC5469716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the frequency and characteristics of developmental regression in a sample of 50 patients with Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMS) and investigate the possibility of association between regression, epilepsy, and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and deletion size. METHODS The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was used to evaluate regression in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PMS. Information on seizure history and EEGs was obtained from medical record review. Deletion size was determined by DNA microarray. RESULTS A history of regression at any age was present in 43% of all patients. Among those exhibiting regression, 67% had onset after the age of 30 months, affecting primarily motor and self-help skills. In 63% of all patients there was a history of seizures and a history of abnormal EEG was also present in 71%. No significant associations were found between regression and seizures or EEG abnormalities. Deletion size was significantly associated with EEG abnormalities, but not with regression or seizures. CONCLUSION This study found a high rate of regression in PMS. In contrast to regression in autism, that often occurs earlier in development and affects language and social skills, we found regression in PMS most frequently has an onset in mid-childhood, affecting motor and self-help skills. We also found high rates of seizures and abnormal EEGs in patients with PMS. However, a history of abnormal EEG and seizures was not associated with an increased risk of regression. Larger deletion sizes were found to be significantly associated with a history of abnormal EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Reierson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Bernstein
- Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Wendy Froehlich-Santino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Urban
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Carolin Purmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Sean Berquist
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Josh Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Ruth O’Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Zhang Q, Li J, Zhao Y, Bao X, Wei L, Wang J. Gene mutation analysis of 175 Chinese patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Clin Genet 2017; 91:717-724. [PMID: 27779742 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - J. Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Y. Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - X. Bao
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - L. Wei
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
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12
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Kaufmann WE. Neurogenetics in Child Neurology: Redefining a Discipline in the Twenty-first Century. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 16:103. [PMID: 27815692 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-016-0703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge on genetic etiology of pediatric neurologic disorders is affecting the practice of the specialty. I reviewed here the history of pediatric neurologic disorder classification and the role of genetics in the process. I also discussed the concept of clinical neurogenetics, with its role in clinical practice, education, and research. Finally, I propose a flexible model for clinical neurogenetics in child neurology in the twenty-first century. In combination with disorder-specific clinical programs, clinical neurogenetics can become a home for complex clinical issues, repository of genetic diagnostic advances, educational resource, and research engine in child neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Kaufmann
- Center for Translational Research, Greenwood Genetic Center & Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA.
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Harony-Nicolas H, De Rubeis S, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum JD. Phelan McDermid Syndrome: From Genetic Discoveries to Animal Models and Treatment. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:1861-70. [PMID: 26350728 PMCID: PMC5321557 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome or 22q13.3 deletion syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by generalized developmental delay, intellectual disability, absent or delayed speech, seizures, autism spectrum disorder, neonatal hypotonia, physical dysmorphic features, and recurrent medical comorbidities. Individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome have terminal deletions of the chromosomal region 22q13.3 encompassing SHANK3, a gene encoding a structural component of excitatory synapses indispensable for proper synaptogenesis and neuronal physiology, or point mutations within the gene. Here, we review the clinical aspects of the syndrome and the genetic findings shedding light onto the underlying etiology. We also provide an overview on the evidence from genetic studies and mouse models that supports SHANK3 haploinsufficiency as a major contributor of the neurobehavioral manifestations of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Finally, we discuss how all these discoveries are uncovering the pathophysiology of Phelan-McDermid syndrome and are being translated into clinical trials for novel therapeutics ameliorating the core symptoms of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Harony-Nicolas
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Bao X, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Cao G, Zhang J, Li J, Wei L, Pan H, Wu X. Clinical features and gene mutational spectrum of CDKL5-related diseases in a cohort of Chinese patients. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:24. [PMID: 24564546 PMCID: PMC3938974 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) (NM_003159.2) gene have been associated with early-onset epileptic encephalopathies or Hanefeld variants of RTT(Rett syndrome). In order to clarify the CDKL5 genotype-phenotype correlations in Chinese patients, CDKL5 mutational screening in cases with early-onset epileptic encephalopathies and RTT without MECP2 mutation were performed. METHODS The detailed clinical information including clinical manifestation, electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood, urine amino acid and organic acid screening of 102 Chinese patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathies and RTT were collected. CDKL5 gene mutations were analyzed by PCR, direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). The patterns of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) were studied in the female patients with CDKL5 gene mutation. RESULTS De novo CDKL5 gene mutations were found in ten patients including one missense mutation (c.533G > A, p.R178Q) which had been reported, two splicing mutations (ISV6 + 1A > G, ISV13 + 1A > G), three micro-deletions (c.1111delC, c.2360delA, c.234delA), two insertions (c.1791 ins G, c.891_892 ins TT in a pair of twins) and one nonsense mutation (c.1375C > T, p.Q459X). Out of ten patients, 7 of 9 females with Hanefeld variants of RTT and the remaining 2 females with early onset epileptic encephalopathy, were detected while only one male with infantile spasms was detected. The common features of all female patients with CDKL5 gene mutations included refractory seizures starting before 4 months of age, severe psychomotor retardation, Rett-like features such as hand stereotypies, deceleration of head growth after birth and poor prognosis. In contrast, the only one male patient with CDKL5 mutation showed no obvious Rett-like features as females in our cohort. The X-chromosome inactivation patterns of all the female patients were random. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in CDKL5 gene are responsible for 7 with Hanefeld variants of RTT and 2 with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy in 71 girls as well as for 1 infantile spasms in 31 males. There are some differences in the phenotypes among genders with CDKL5 gene mutations and CDKL5 gene mutation analysis should be considered in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinhua Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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15
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Discovering disease-disease associations by fusing systems-level molecular data. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3202. [PMID: 24232732 PMCID: PMC3828568 DOI: 10.1038/srep03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of genome-scale genetic and genomic studies allows new insight into disease classification. Recently, a shift was made from linking diseases simply based on their shared genes towards systems-level integration of molecular data. Here, we aim to find relationships between diseases based on evidence from fusing all available molecular interaction and ontology data. We propose a multi-level hierarchy of disease classes that significantly overlaps with existing disease classification. In it, we find 14 disease-disease associations currently not present in Disease Ontology and provide evidence for their relationships through comorbidity data and literature curation. Interestingly, even though the number of known human genetic interactions is currently very small, we find they are the most important predictor of a link between diseases. Finally, we show that omission of any one of the included data sources reduces prediction quality, further highlighting the importance in the paradigm shift towards systems-level data fusion.
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Soorya L, Kolevzon A, Zweifach J, Lim T, Dobry Y, Schwartz L, Frank Y, Wang AT, Cai G, Parkhomenko E, Halpern D, Grodberg D, Angarita B, Willner JP, Yang A, Canitano R, Chaplin W, Betancur C, Buxbaum JD. Prospective investigation of autism and genotype-phenotype correlations in 22q13 deletion syndrome and SHANK3 deficiency. Mol Autism 2013; 4:18. [PMID: 23758760 PMCID: PMC3707861 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 22q13 deletion syndrome, also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, delayed or absent speech, and autistic features. SHANK3 has been identified as the critical gene in the neurological and behavioral aspects of this syndrome. The phenotype of SHANK3 deficiency has been described primarily from case studies, with limited evaluation of behavioral and cognitive deficits. The present study used a prospective design and inter-disciplinary clinical evaluations to assess patients with SHANK3 deficiency, with the goal of providing a comprehensive picture of the medical and behavioral profile of the syndrome. Methods A serially ascertained sample of patients with SHANK3 deficiency (n = 32) was evaluated by a team of child psychiatrists, neurologists, clinical geneticists, molecular geneticists and psychologists. Patients were evaluated for autism spectrum disorder using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-G. Results Thirty participants with 22q13.3 deletions ranging in size from 101 kb to 8.45 Mb and two participants with de novo SHANK3 mutations were included. The sample was characterized by high rates of autism spectrum disorder: 27 (84%) met criteria for autism spectrum disorder and 24 (75%) for autistic disorder. Most patients (77%) exhibited severe to profound intellectual disability and only five (19%) used some words spontaneously to communicate. Dysmorphic features, hypotonia, gait disturbance, recurring upper respiratory tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux and seizures were also common. Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations indicated that larger deletions were associated with increased levels of dysmorphic features, medical comorbidities and social communication impairments related to autism. Analyses of individuals with small deletions or point mutations identified features related to SHANK3 haploinsufficiency, including ASD, seizures and abnormal EEG, hypotonia, sleep disturbances, abnormal brain MRI, gastroesophageal reflux, and certain dysmorphic features. Conclusions This study supports findings from previous research on the severity of intellectual, motor, and speech impairments seen in SHANK3 deficiency, and highlights the prominence of autism spectrum disorder in the syndrome. Limitations of existing evaluation tools are discussed, along with the need for natural history studies to inform clinical monitoring and treatment development in SHANK3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Soorya
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Loss of CDKL5 disrupts kinome profile and event-related potentials leading to autistic-like phenotypes in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:21516-21. [PMID: 23236174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216988110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene have been identified in neurodevelopmental disorders including atypical Rett syndrome (RTT), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. The biological function of CDKL5 and its role in the etiology of these disorders, however, remain unclear. Here we report the development of a unique knockout mouse model of CDKL5-related disorders and demonstrate that mice lacking CDKL5 show autistic-like deficits in social interaction, as well as impairments in motor control and fear memory. Neurophysiological recordings reveal alterations in event-related potentials (ERPs) similar to those observed in RTT and ASDs. Moreover, kinome profiling uncovers disruption of multiple signal transduction pathways, including the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade, upon Cdkl5 loss-of-function. These data demonstrate that CDKL5 regulates signal transduction pathways and mediates autistic-like phenotypes and together establish a causal role for Cdkl5 loss-of-function in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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