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Zhao X, Yu J, Liu N. Developing a predictive equation of muscular age to evaluate muscle health in Chinese community-dwelling older women. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:1587-1600. [PMID: 36995745 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Muscle health plays an important role in most common age-related diseases and injuries. To date, a standardized quantitative method to assess muscle health has not yet been developed. Principal component analysis was employed to develop a predictive equation of muscular age based on muscle health variables including skeletal muscle mass of lower limb, grip strength and maximal gait speed. Then validity of muscular age was tested by comparing chronological age to muscular age of the elderly. A predictive equation of muscular age was developed. Muscular age = 0.690 × chronological age - 1.245 × skeletal muscle mass of lower limb + 0.453 × grip strength - 1.291 × maximal walking speed + 40.547. Cross-sectional validity test showed that the predictive equation of muscular age is a valid method to assess muscle health. It is applicable not only to the normal elderly but to the elderly with pre-sarcopenia or sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhao
- Department of Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Department of Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
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Galhardas L, Raimundo A, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Marmeleira J. Physical and Motor Fitness Tests for Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5058. [PMID: 35564453 PMCID: PMC9105463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify the physical/motor fitness tests for nursing home residents and to examine their psychometric properties. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2005 and October 2021 using MeSh terms and relevant keywords. Of the total of 4196 studies identified, 3914 were excluded based on title, abstracts, or because they were duplicates. The remaining 282 studies were full-text analyzed, and 41 were excluded, resulting in 241 studies included in the review. The most common physical component assessed was muscle strength; 174 (72.2%) studies assessed this component. Balance (138 studies, 57.3%) and agility (102 studies, 42.3%) were the second and third components, respectively, most widely assessed. In this review, we also describe the most used assessment tests for each physical/motor component. Some potentially relevant components such as manual dexterity and proprioception have been little considered. There are few studies assessing the psychometric properties of the tests for nursing home residents, although the data show that, in general, they are reliable. This review provides valuable information to researchers and health-care professionals regarding the physical/motor tests used in nursing home residences, helping them select the screening tools that could most closely fit their study objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Galhardas
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Palácio do Vimioso, Gabinete 256, Largo Marquês de Marialva, Apart. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Palácio do Vimioso, Gabinete 256, Largo Marquês de Marialva, Apart. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jesús Del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
- Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness across Lifespan Research Group (EPAFit), University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Marmeleira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Palácio do Vimioso, Gabinete 256, Largo Marquês de Marialva, Apart. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
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Rodríguez‐Rejón AI, Artacho R, Ruiz‐López MD. Anthropometric Measurements and Cognitive Impairment Rather Than Nutrition Status Are Associated With Sarcopenia in Long‐Term Care Residents. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 35:642-648. [DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyes Artacho
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - María Dolores Ruiz‐López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology University of Granada Granada Spain
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Perkisas S, De Cock AM, Vandewoude M, Verhoeven V. Prevalence of sarcopenia and 9-year mortality in nursing home residents. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:951-959. [PMID: 30218406 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. It is linked to functional decline, and secondary to this, to nursing home admission. AIMS To look into the prevalence of sarcopenia in a nursing home population and to gain insight into the relation of sarcopenia with mortality in this cohort. METHODS A longitudinal cohort follow-up started in October 2007 in 52 nursing homes in Belgium. Following data were procured: anthropometrics (weight/length), body composition (muscle mass through bio-impedance absorptiometry, BIA), functional status (Katz), nutritional status (mini-nutritional assessment-short form, MNA), and a number of laboratory parameters. RESULTS In total, 745 residents were included. Mean age was 84.6 ± 7.2 years. Mean follow-up time was 1632 ± 1026 days. In total, 17% had severe sarcopenia, 45% had moderate sarcopenia, and 38% had no sarcopenia. Following items were significant (p < 0.05) on univariate analysis with mortality as outcome: sarcopenia, gender, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, age, MNA, and functional level. In multivariate analysis, only MNA, skeletal muscle mass, and age were still significant. Odds ratio for skeletal muscle mass was 1.171 for the highest percentile group, 2.277 for the middle percentile group, and 4.842 for the lowest percentile group. DISCUSSION The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher than in comparative literature, for which there are a few hypotheses. Cut-off values for sarcopenia using BIA for specific cohorts need to be re-evaluated. CONCLUSIONS It seems to remain useful to screen for muscle mass in institutionalized elderly, because there is a clear and significant correlation with long-term mortality.
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Yeung SSY, Reijnierse EM, Pham VK, Trappenburg MC, Lim WK, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Sarcopenia and its association with falls and fractures in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:485-500. [PMID: 30993881 PMCID: PMC6596401 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a potentially modifiable risk factor for falls and fractures in older adults, but the strength of the association between sarcopenia, falls, and fractures is unclear. This study aims to systematically assess the literature and perform a meta-analysis of the association between sarcopenia with falls and fractures among older adults. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL from inception to May 2018. Inclusion criteria were the following: published in English, mean/median age ≥ 65 years, sarcopenia diagnosis (based on definitions used by the original studies' authors), falls and/or fractures outcomes, and any study population. Pooled analyses were conducted of the associations of sarcopenia with falls and fractures, expressed in odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed by study design, population, sex, sarcopenia definition, continent, and study quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics. The search identified 2771 studies. Thirty-six studies (52 838 individuals, 48.8% females, and mean age of the study populations ranging from 65.0 to 86.7 years) were included in the systematic review. Four studies reported on both falls and fractures. Ten out of 22 studies reported a significantly higher risk of falls in sarcopenic compared with non-sarcopenic individuals; 11 out of 19 studies showed a significant positive association with fractures. Thirty-three studies (45 926 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. Sarcopenic individuals had a significant higher risk of falls (cross-sectional studies: OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.37-1.86, P < 0.001, I2 = 34%; prospective studies: OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.33-2.68, P < 0.001, I2 = 37%) and fractures (cross-sectional studies: OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.30-2.62, P = 0.001, I2 = 91%; prospective studies: OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.44-2.03, P = 0.011, I2 = 0%) compared with non-sarcopenic individuals. This was independent of study design, population, sex, sarcopenia definition, continent, and study quality. The positive association between sarcopenia with falls and fractures in older adults strengthens the need to invest in sarcopenia prevention and interventions to evaluate its effect on falls and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suey S Y Yeung
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esmee M Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivien K Pham
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marijke C Trappenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Wen Kwang Lim
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang X, Huang P, Dou Q, Wang C, Zhang W, Yang Y, Wang J, Xie X, Zhou J, Zeng Y. Falls among older adults with sarcopenia dwelling in nursing home or community: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:33-39. [PMID: 30665817 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess and quantify sarcopenia as a risk for falls among community-dwelling older people and nursing home older persons. METHODS Prospective cohort studies that evaluated the association between sarcopenia and falls in older adults were identified via a systematic literature search of Medline (via Ovid), PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL Library from database inception until October 15, 2018, in English and Chinese. RESULTS 10 studies (10,073 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Among older adults, having sarcopenia was significantly associated with a higher risk of falls, compared to older adults without sarcopenia (pooled OR-odds ratio = 1.52, 95% CI-confidence interval: 1.32-1.77, I2 = 39.1%). In addition, the results of subgroup analysis indicated that male participants with sarcopenia had a higher risk of falls than mixed gender participants with sarcopenia (pooled OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.36-2.18 versus pooled OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16-1.70). Other subgroup analyses were conducted using different study follow-up periods (>1 year versus ≤ 1 year) (pooled OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.38-1.92 versus 1.20, 95% CI: 0.87-1.65). In addition, community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia was significantly increase risk of fall, compared with non-sarcopenia (pooled OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.43-2.00), whereas it was not found among nursing home residents (pooled OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.84-1.51). Furthermore, sarcopenia definition subgroup analysis found that older adults with sarcopenia increase the risk of falls when using EWGSOP (pooled OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.19-1.72), FNIH (pooled OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.39-2.37), AWGS (pooled OR = 7.68, 95% CI: 1.41-41.80), respectively. CONCLUSION The present study found that sarcopenia is a risk factor for falls among community-dwelling older people, but not among nursing home older persons. Future research is needed to provide evidence for specific interventions aimed at treating sarcopenia and preventing falls among older adults dwelling in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Pan Huang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingli Dou
- The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Conghua Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxue Yang
- Geriatrics Department, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital; Chengdu-Montpellier Geriatric Research Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Nursing, Jing Gang Shan University, Jian, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Nursing, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- Geriatrics Department, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital; Chengdu-Montpellier Geriatric Research Center, Chengdu, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yingchun Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Research Institute of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Rodríguez-Rejón AI, Ruiz-López MD, Wanden-Berghe C, Artacho R. Prevalence and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Residential Facilities: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:51-58. [PMID: 30668619 PMCID: PMC6370256 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, in institutionalized older adults is a challenging task. Data on its prevalence in residential facilities are scant and highly variable. Our objective was to report the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults living in residential facilities (nursing/long term-care homes and assisted-living facilities) and review the criteria and methodologies used to diagnose sarcopenia in this setting. Bibliographic searches were carried out in 6 electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, and Cochrane) with the use of the Medical Subject Heading terms "Sarcopenia" and "Residential Facilities." We included studies that evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia among older adults (aged ≥60 y) living in residential facilities. Forty-four studies were identified, of which 21 studies were included after applying eligibility criteria. The reported prevalence of sarcopenia ranged widely between 17.7% and 73.3% in long term-care homes and between 22% and 87% in assisted-living facilities. Most studies (n = 14) followed the consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis published by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. In the other 7 studies, sarcopenia was diagnosed according to muscle mass, which was measured via 5 different techniques, most frequently bioelectrical impedance analysis, establishing cutoff scores for low muscle mass with the use of 5 different indexes, most frequently the skeletal muscle index. There are major differences in study design, methodology, and the approach to sarcopenia diagnosis in this setting, which would, in part, explain the enormous variability in the reported prevalence data. The lack of consensus on the correct diagnostic approach hampers the implementation of appropriate nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmina Wanden-Berghe
- General University Hospital of Alicante, Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Reyes Artacho
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Shen Y, Chen J, Chen X, Hou L, Lin X, Yang M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sarcopenia in Nursing Home Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:5-13. [PMID: 30409494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in nursing homes. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. SETTING Nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS Older adults aged ≥60 years. MEASUREMENTS Sarcopenia was defined according to various validated diagnostic criteria, such as the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria and skeletal muscle index (SMI). We performed meta-analyses with random effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using a 10-item tool explicitly designed for prevalence studies. RESULTS We included 16 studies with a total of 3585 participants from 129 nursing homes. The included studies were of low to moderate risk of bias. The pooled prevalences of EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia and SMI-defined sarcopenia were 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32%-51%, 12 studies, 2685 cases] and 59% (95% CI 24%-93%, 3 studies, 643 cases), respectively. The pooled prevalences of EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia in women and men were 46% (8 studies, 1332 cases) and 43% (8 studies, 739 cases), respectively. The pooled data showed that malnutrition was an independent associated factor of EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.74, 95% CI 1.36-2.24; 3 studies, 718 cases), but malnutrition risk (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.53-1.94; 2 studies, 379 cases) and female gender were not (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.11-11.66; 3 studies, 827 cases). The association between age and body mass index with sarcopenia was inconsistent across studies. Limited evidence indicated that smoking might be related to sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older nursing home residents. Malnutrition may be an associated factor of sarcopenia. More prospective studies are needed to clarify the association between age, gender, malnutrition, and smoking with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Shen
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - LiSha Hou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiufang Lin
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Gadelha AB, Neri SGR, Oliveira RJD, Bottaro M, David ACD, Vainshelboim B, Lima RM. Severity of sarcopenia is associated with postural balance and risk of falls in community-dwelling older women. Exp Aging Res 2018; 44:258-269. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2018.1449591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Bonadias Gadelha
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Martim Bottaro
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina de David
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Baruch Vainshelboim
- Master of Cancer Care Program, School of Health Sciences, Saint Francis University, Loretto, PA, USA
| | - Ricardo M. Lima
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, Cruz-Díaz D, Jiménez-García JD, Achalandabaso A, Sánchez-Montesinos I, de la Torre-Cruz M, Hita-Contreras F. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Spanish community-dwelling middle-aged and older women: Association with balance confidence, fear of falling and fall risk. Maturitas 2018; 107:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Schoene D, Kiesswetter E, Sieber CC, Freiberger E. [Musculoskeletal factors, sarcopenia and falls in old age]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 52:37-44. [PMID: 28664287 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Falls in older adults are a major public health problem with a high incidence and severe consequences for the older individual. The age-related loss of muscle strength as well as muscle mass and muscle function (sarcopenia) are i) risk factors for falling, ii) associated with physical function and iii) markers of the frailty syndrome. Muscle function appears to play a bigger role than muscle mass. The operationalization of sarcopenia using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) algorithm is consistently associated with falling events. Structured physical exercise plays the key role in the prevention of falls and the management of functional decline caused by sarcopenia and frailty. The combined supplementation with proteins and vitamin D supports muscle protein synthesis in undersupplied persons and improves aspects of physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schoene
- Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstr. 60, 90408, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
| | - Eva Kiesswetter
- Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstr. 60, 90408, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - Cornel C Sieber
- Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstr. 60, 90408, Nürnberg, Deutschland
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Geriatrie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstr. 60, 90408, Nürnberg, Deutschland
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Kono K, Nishida Y, Yabe H, Moriyama Y, Mori T, Shiraki R, Sato T. Development and validation of a Fall Risk Assessment Index for dialysis patients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2017. [PMID: 28634773 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-017-1431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dialysis patients often have low physical performance due to uremic sarcopenia, protein energy wasting (PEW), and incidence intradialytic hypotension (IDH), which are indicated as risk factors for falling. The objective of this study was to develop a symptom-encompassing evaluation form to predict falls with high sensitivity for dialysis patients. METHODS A total of 251 patients who had been receiving maintenance hemodialysis therapy three times a week were enrolled in the study. Demographics, malnutrition and inflammatory status, dialytic therapeutic management situation, physical function and performance, and inquiries about falling were recorded. The Cox proportional hazards analysis evaluated the impact of falls. Calculated hazard ratios were converted to weighted scores, using approximate multiples of 0.5 and an evaluation form was created, which we called the Dialysis Fall Risk Index (DFRI). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazard analysis were performed to evaluate the validity of the DFRI. RESULTS The DFRI consisted of seven items and a total of 12 points. The predictive validity of DFRI included hazard ratios for quartile 3 and 4 of 2.65 and 3.84, respectively, compared with quartile 1 as a reference point. The cut-off point of the DFRI showed the highest sensitivity and specificity among other screening indices. DISCUSSION The present study included the development of a new evaluation form that encompasses symptoms of end-stage kidney disease to predict falls in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kono
- School of Health Science at Narita Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nishida
- School of Health Science at Narita Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yabe
- School of Rehabilitation Department of Physical Therapy, Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihumi Moriyama
- Department of Wellness Center, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mori
- Department of Wellness Center, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Shiraki
- Department of Wellness Center, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Hemodialysis Center, Meiko Kyoritsu Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Matsumoto H, Tanimura C, Tanishima S, Osaki M, Noma H, Hagino H. Sarcopenia is a risk factor for falling in independently living Japanese older adults: A 2-year prospective cohort study of the GAINA study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:2124-2130. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Matsumoto
- Rehabilitation Division; Tottori University Hospital; Yonago Tottori Japan
| | - Chika Tanimura
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science; Tottori University; Yonago Tottori Japan
| | - Shinji Tanishima
- Orthopedic Surgery; Tottori University Hospital; Yonago Tottori Japan
| | - Mari Osaki
- Rehabilitation Division; Tottori University Hospital; Yonago Tottori Japan
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science; The Institute of Statistical Mathematics; Tachikawa Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hagino
- Rehabilitation Division; Tottori University Hospital; Yonago Tottori Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science; Tottori University; Yonago Tottori Japan
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Graf CE, Pichard C, Herrmann FR, Sieber CC, Zekry D, Genton L. Prevalence of low muscle mass according to body mass index in older adults. Nutrition 2016; 34:124-129. [PMID: 28063507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low muscle mass has been associated with increased morbi-mortality and should be identified for optimizing preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the prevalence of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived low muscle mass in older persons using definitions found through a systematic literature search and determines the link between body mass index (BMI) and low muscle mass. METHODS We performed a systematic search of trials involving ≥100 persons that derived low muscle mass from BIA and reported cut-offs for low muscle mass normalized for body height or weight. These cut-offs were applied to all adults ≥65 y who underwent a BIA measurement at Geneva University Hospital between 1990 and 2011 (N = 3181). The association between BMI and low muscle mass was evaluated through multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS We identified 15 cut-offs based on the fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), or skeletal muscle percentage (SMP). Depending on the definition, the prevalence of low muscle mass was 17% to 68% in women and 17% to 85% in men. The risk of low muscle mass increased with a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 when using cut-offs based on FFMI (odds ratio [OR] ♀ 14.28-24.04/♂ 25.42-50.64) or SMI (OR ♀ 3.56-4.56/♂ 7.07-8.87) and decreased with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (FFMI: OR ♀ 0.03-0.04/♂ 0.01-0.04; SMI: OR ♀ 0.18-0.25/♂ 0.14-0.18). The opposite association appeared between BMI and cut-offs based on SMP. CONCLUSION The prevalence of low muscle mass varies widely depending on the definition, especially in persons with BMI <18.5 or ≥25 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe E Graf
- Medical Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation and Palliative Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cornel C Sieber
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Dina Zekry
- Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Genton
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Osteosarcopenic obesity and fall prevention strategies. Maturitas 2015; 80:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sarcopenia and falls in community-dwelling elderly subjects in Japan: Defining sarcopenia according to criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:295-9. [PMID: 24852668 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association between sarcopenia (using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) and fall in the past year among community-dwelling Japanese elderly. Subjects were 1110 community-dwelling Japanese aged 65 or older. We used bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to measure muscle mass, grip strength to measure muscle strength, and usual walking speed to measure physical performance in a baseline study. "Sarcopenia" was characterized by low muscle mass and low muscle strength or low physical performance. "Presarcopenia" was characterized only by low muscle mass. Subjects who did not have any of these deficiencies were classified as "normal." We then administered a questionnaire assessing age, sex, household status, chronic illness, lifestyle-related habits, and fall. This study showed the prevalence of fall was 16.9% and 21.3% in men and women, respectively, while that of sarcopenia was 13.4% and 14.9% in men and women, respectively. In men and women, the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher among those who had fallen. A logistic regression analysis using age, body fat, current drinker status, and physical inactivity for men, and age, body fat, smoking, and diabetes for women as covariate variables revealed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with a history of fall. The odds ratio for fall in the sarcopenia group relative to the normal group was 4.42 (95%CI 2.08-9.39) in men and 2.34 (95%CI 1.39-3.94) in women. This study revealed sarcopenia to be associated with falling in elderly Japanese. Sarcopenia prevention interventions may help prevent falls among elderly individuals.
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