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Mayta-Tovalino F, Espinoza-Carhuancho F, Reyes-Carmona J, Mauricio-Vilchez C, Medina J, Galarza-Valencia D, Vicuña-Quispe C. Emergent Patterns, Collaborative Networks and Thematic Evolution on Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Scientometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:326-330. [PMID: 38956846 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To conduct a scientometric analysis on black stains, and dental caries, with a focus on identifying emergent patterns, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted using a scientometric approach. The Scopus database was utilized for literature search, selecting articles published between 1976 and 2023. The literature search was carried out on February 8, 2024, using AND and OR Boolean operators which were adapted to the search strategy. Finally, SciVal used different scientometric indicators such as "Scholarly Output", "Views Count", "Field-Weighted Citation Impact" and the "Citation Count". RESULTS A total of 13 documents from 10 different sources were analyzed, covering a period from 1976 to 2023. Despite an annual growth rate of 0%, each document has an average of 21.08 citations, indicating their relevance in the field. The documents have an average age of 12.9 years and contain 336 references. A total of 143 additional keywords and 26 author keywords were identified. The documents were written by 62 different authors, with an average of 5 coauthors per document and 30.77% international coauthorships. CONCLUSION The results indicate a significant relevance of the documents in the field, a notable collaboration among authors, and a significant thematic evolution in the research topics. The mentioned institutions and sources produced documents with notable results, indicating a significant interest and impact in the field. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a detailed view of the trends and patterns in the research of dental caries and black stains. The findings can assist dental health professionals in better understanding the prevalence and impact of these conditions. Furthermore, it can guide future research and treatment strategies in this field. How to cite this article: Mayta-Tovalino F, Espinoza-Carhuancho F, Reyes-Carmona J, et al. Emergent Patterns, Collaborative Networks and Thematic Evolution on Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Scientometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):326-330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mayta-Tovalino
- Academic Department, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru, Phone: +51 1214-2500, e-mail:
| | - Fran Espinoza-Carhuancho
- Academic Department, Grupo de Bibliometría, Evaluación de evidencia y Revisiones Sistemáticas (BEERS), Human Medicine Career, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Jessie Reyes-Carmona
- Academic Department, LICIFO, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Cesar Mauricio-Vilchez
- Academic Department, Unidad de Investigación, Innovación y Emprendimiento, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Julia Medina
- Academic Department, Unidad de Investigación, Innovación y Emprendimiento, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Galarza-Valencia
- Academic Department, Unidad de Investigación, Innovación y Emprendimiento, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Vicuña-Quispe
- Academic Department, Sociedad Científica de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Carelli M, Zatochna I, Sandri A, Burlacchini G, Rosa A, Baccini F, Signoretto C. Effect of A Fluoride Toothpaste Containing Enzymes and Salivary Proteins on Periodontal Pathogens in Subjects with Black Stain: A Pilot Study. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:109-116. [PMID: 36870327 PMCID: PMC10959611 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black stain (BS) is an extrinsic dental discoloration particularly difficult to treat. Although its etiology is not fully clear yet, chromogenic bacteria inside the oral cavity seem to be involved. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether a toothpaste containing enzymes and salivary proteins could improve oral health and reduce the presence of periodontal pathogens in subjects predisposed to BS discoloration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six subjects were enrolled in the study: 10 subjects without BS; 16 subjects with BS, randomly assigned in two groups: test (n = 8) and control (n = 8). The test group used a toothpaste containing sodium fluoride, enzymes, and salivary proteins. The control group used a toothpaste with amine fluoride. At enrollment and after 14 weeks, participants were subjected to professional oral hygiene, evaluation of BS (through Shourie index) and oral health status, collection of saliva and dental plaque samples. The presence of periodontal pathogens in plaque and saliva of all subjects was investigated by molecular analysis (PCR). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The prevalence of investigated microbial species in patients with/without BS was performed by Chi-squared test. The variation in the prevalence of the investigated species after treatment in test and control group was analyzed by t-test. RESULTS Clinical evaluation showed that 86% of participants with BS had a reduction in the Shourie index, independently from the toothpaste used. In particular, a greater reduction in the Shourie index was observed in subjects using an electric toothbrush. We did not observe an effect of the fluoride toothpaste containing enzymes and salivary proteins on the composition of the oral microbiota of the test subjects in comparison with controls. When comparing all subjects with BS (n = 16) and without BS (n = 10), P. gingivalis detection was significantly higher in saliva samples collected from subjects with BS (p = 0.0129). CONCLUSION We verified that the use of an enzyme-containing toothpaste alone is not sufficient to prevent the formation of BS dental pigmentation in subjects predisposed to this discoloration. Mechanical cleaning, especially using electrical toothbrushes, seems to be useful to counteract BS formation. Moreover, our results suggest a possible association between BS and the presence of P. gingivalis at the salivary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Iuliia Zatochna
- Dental Hygiene Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Angela Sandri
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Burlacchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelica Rosa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Baccini
- Dental Hygiene Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lotfy WA, Matar MA, Alkersh BM. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oil and its individual compounds on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from black extrinsic tooth stain: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:661-674. [PMID: 37747658 PMCID: PMC10600304 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Black extrinsic tooth stain (BETS) is a health challenge that commonly affects children. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) presents in higher prevalence within the polymicrobial community of BETS. In this study, the anti-planktonic and anti-sessile activities of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and its individual compounds against Aa were evaluated. The preventive effect of CEO and its active substances on BETS formation was also studied in vitro. METHODS Aa was isolated from a preschool child with BETS and was identified based on the morphological characteristics, MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and 16S rRNA sequencing. The effect of CEO and its individual compounds on the growth kinetics of planktonic and sessile Aa cells as well as their antibacterial efficacy and their rate of bacterial killing were examined. The preventive effect of CEO and its active substances on the formation of BETS was evaluated using an ex vivo model. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Out of eight individual compounds of CEO, only eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde showed anti-Aa activities. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were in the following order: CEO (421.5 mg/ml) > α-methyl cinnamaldehyde (26.37 mg/ml) > cinnamaldehyde (0.209 mg/ml) > eugenol (0.052 mg/ml). CEO, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde, respectively, exhibited two-, four-, four- and eightfold increase of sessile MIC compared to their planktonic MIC. The growth kinetics of both planktonic and sessile Aa in the presence of CEO, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde revealed a complete inhibition at the MICs and 5.3%-37.4% biofilm inhibition at sub-MICs. The time-killing study demonstrated that CEO, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde were capable of reducing the survival rate of both planktonic and sessile Aa cells after 15-20 and 25-30 min, respectively. However, α-methyl cinnamaldehyde showed a superior anti-planktonic to anti-biofilm activity. The daily incorporation of CEO, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde at their MICs for 14 days totally prevented the formation of BETS in the ex vivo model; however, in the case of α-methyl cinnamaldehyde, BETS was visually detectable after 10 days. CONCLUSION CEO and its individual compounds have marked antibacterial activity against Aa. The effective results against planktonic and sessile Aa within reasonable time indicate that they can be used to prevent BETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Lotfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - M A Matar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B M Alkersh
- Marine Environment Division, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zheng L, Cao T, Xiong P, Ma Y, Wei L, Wang J. Characterization of the oral microbiome and gut microbiome of dental caries and extrinsic black stain in preschool children. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1081629. [PMID: 37065128 PMCID: PMC10103904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionA lower prevalence of dental caries (hereafter termed “caries”) has been observed in children with dental extrinsic black stain (EBS).MethodsWe investigated the epidemiologic characterization of EBS and explored the possible role of the oral microbiome (OM) and gut microbiome (GM) in EBS formation and caries prevention. In an epidemiologic survey, 2,675 children aged 3–6 years were included. Thirty-eight of these children (7 children had both caries and EBS, 10 had EBS only, 11 had caries only, and 10 were healthy children) were recruited for 16S rRNA sequencing and collection of samples of supragingival plaque and feces. Collected plaque samples were divided into four groups: BCP (EBS+, caries+), BP (EBS+, caries−), CP (EBS−, caries+), and P (EBS−, caries−). Fecal samples were also divided into four groups: BCF (EBS+, caries+), BF (EBS+, caries−), CF (EBS−, caries+), and F (EBS−, caries−).ResultsEBS was observed in 12.10% of this population. Children with EBS had a significantly reduced prevalence of caries and a lower mean value of decayed–missing–filled teeth (dmft; p < 0.01). According to analyses of dental plaque, the P group had the most complex microbiome. The BCP group exhibited greater operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness but a reduced evenness compared with the BP group, and the CP group showed greater OTU richness than the BP group. At the genus level, higher abundance of Actinomyces and Cardiobacterium species was observed in the BCP group. Higher abundance of Lautropia and Pesudopropionibacteriumin species was observed in the BP group compared with P and CP groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Veillonella species were significantly more common in P and CP groups than in BP groups, whereas Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium species were more common in the CP group (p < 0.05). With regard to the GM, the CF group exhibited greater OTU diversity than the BF group. The GM in the BCF group exhibited the most complex relationships across all fecal groups. GM groups could be distinguished by various unique biomarkers, such as Escherichia and Shigella species in the BCF group, Agathobacter and Ruminococcus species in the CF group, Lactobacillus species in the BF group, and Roseburia species in the F group. Our results suggest that EBS is a possible protective factor against early-childhood caries. Dental plaque and the GM may be relevant to EBS in primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyuan Zheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University,, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University,, Wenzhou, China
| | - Puling Xiong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University,, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yulian Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University,, Wenzhou, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Limin Wei, ; Jianfeng Wang,
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Limin Wei, ; Jianfeng Wang,
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Mousa HRF, Radwan MZ, Wassif GOM, Wassel MO. The association between black stain and lower risk of dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2022; 97:13. [PMID: 35906494 PMCID: PMC9338195 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-022-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature shows that children with dental black stain might be less susceptible to dental caries. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature to determine whether black stain presence could influence the prevalence or severity of dental caries in primary dentition. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and Egyptian Universities Libraries Consortium was conducted up to December 2020. Quality assessment was done using a modified version of Down's and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the association between dental black stain and: (i) Likelihood of developing dental caries/being caries-free (ii) Number of teeth affected by dental caries (iii) Number of tooth surfaces affected. RESULTS The database search yielded 2164 results, 14 of which matched the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis showed that the likelihood of developing caries (Fixed effect model: OR [95% CI]: 0.67 [0.54; 0.82]; I2=37%; τ2=0.05), number of teeth affected (Random effects model: MD [95% CI]: -0.98 [-1.54; -0.42]; I2=79%; τ2 =0.44), and number of surfaces affected (Random-effects model: MD [95% CI]: -2.34 [-4.23; -0.44]; I2=85%; τ2 =2.93), were all lower in children with black stain. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that dental black stain is associated with lower dental caries experience in children with primary dentition. However, it is questionable whether black stain has a protective effect against dental caries, or whether children at low risk of dental caries are more likely to develop BS because their oral microbiome favors BS-forming organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Raafat Fathi Mousa
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Union Street, Post NO.: 11566, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Zayed Radwan
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Union Street, Post NO.: 11566, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Ossama Mohamed Wassif
- Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariem Osama Wassel
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Union Street, Post NO.: 11566, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang Y, Yu R, Zhan JY, Cao GZ, Feng XP, Chen X. Epidemiological and Microbiome Characterization of Black Tooth Stain in Preschool Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:751361. [PMID: 35155301 PMCID: PMC8826690 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.751361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the epidemiologic attributes and microbial variations associated with extrinsic black tooth stain (BTS) among Chinese preschool children. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 250 preschool children (3-4 years) from three kindergartens in Shanghai, China. Following clinical examination, and using a case-control design, saliva and dental plaque specimens were collected from caries-free participants with (n = 21, BTS group) and without (n = 48, control group) BTS. The chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to evaluate factors associated with BTS. 16S rRNA sequencing were used to characterize the associated microbial communities. RESULTS BTS was detected in 12.4% of participants, with a mean of 13.7 black-stained teeth. Participants with BTS had a lower caries burden and better oral hygiene (P = 0.003). Children with less frequent intake of marmalade or honey (P = 0.033) and regular application of fluoride (P = 0.007) had a lower likelihood of having BTS. Microbiota analysis revealed 14 phyla, 35 classes, 63 orders, 113 families, 221 genera, 452 species, and 1,771 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In terms of microbial diversity, no significant differences were observed in the saliva of the two groups (P > 0.05). Dental plaque from the BTS group exhibited higher OTU richness but lower evenness than that from the control group (Chao P = 0.006, Shannon P = 0.007, respectively) and showed a significant difference in β diversity (P = 0.002). The microbiome in the two groups was characterized by various microbial biomarkers, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Leptotrichia sp._HMT_212, Actinomyces sp._HMT_169, and Aggregatibacter sp._HMT_898 in plaques from the BTS group. Functional analysis of the microbial species suggested the existence of a hyperactive metabolic state on teeth surfaces with BTS plaques and revealed that ferric iron, the iron complex transport system, and the iron (III) transport system were more abundant in BTS plaque samples. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the epidemiologic and microbial features of BTS in preschool children. The microbiome in BTS is characterized by various microbial biomarkers, which can serve as indicators for BTS diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ping Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Çelik ZC, Çakiris A, Yanıkoğlu F, Abacı N, Ekmekçi SS, Ilgın C, Çelik H, Tağtekin D. Metagenomic analysis of black-stained plaques in permanent dentition. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 128:105171. [PMID: 34058724 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the aetiologic agent responsible for black staining of permanent dentition using next-generation sequencing and determine the relationship between caries and black stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 52 systemically healthy patients with black-stained and caries-free (n = 13), black-stained and carious (n = 13), black stain-free and caries-free (n = 13), and black stain-free and carious (n = 13) teeth were enrolled in the study. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) was used for caries classification. Between 08:00 and 10:00, supragingival plaque samples were collected after a minimum of 8-12 h of accumulation and DNA samples were isolated. The samples were processed using the ZymoBIOMICS™ Service. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using mothur at usegalaxy.org. Data were analysed statistically using the Pearson chi-square and Fisher tests. RESULTS The number of caries-free teeth (ICDAS 0, 1, and 2) was significantly higher in patients with black stains (p = 0.007).Capnocytophaga (4.8 %), Corynebacterium (3.9 %), and Neisseria (5.4 %) species were the most abundant among all black-stained plaques (carious and caries-free) (p < 0.05). Capnocytophaga (10.8 %), Cardiobacterium (3.6 %), and Rothia (1.72 %) species were detected in the black-stained plaques of caries-free patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study is one of the first studies examining the microbial composition of dental plaques with black staining in carious and caries-free adult patients using next generation sequencing technology. In the presence of black staining, plaques have an ultimate complex microbial structure. A lower caries burden was noted in the presence of black staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ceren Çelik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aris Çakiris
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Yanıkoğlu
- Kent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Abacı
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Sırma Ekmekçi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Ilgın
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Çelik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Tağtekin
- Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Elelmi Y, Mabrouk R, Masmoudi F, Baaziz A, Maatouk F, Ghedira H. Black stain and dental caries in primary teeth of Tunisian preschool children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 22:235-240. [PMID: 32643037 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence of black tooth stains and to investigate its correlation with caries experience in the primary dentition of 3-5-year-old children in the region of Monastir, Tunisia. METHODS It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving children in preschool establishments in Monastir, Tunisia. It consisted of an oral examination of 393 children and data collection through a questionnaire completed by parents. ANOVA test and Pearson Chi-square test were used to assess the prevalence of black stains and its association with dental caries. RESULTS The overall mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index was 1.42 ± 0.1. Caries prevalence was 49.9%. Of all the children involved, 6.1% had black stains. A statistically significant relationship was found between black stain and the prevalence of early childhood caries (p = 0.047). However, the association with the dmft index was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Preschool children with black tooth stain had lower dental caries experience. The results of the present study suggest that black stains are a protective factor for early childhood caries. More studies are needed to explore the risk factors of black stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Elelmi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - R Mabrouk
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - F Masmoudi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Baaziz
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - F Maatouk
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Ghedira
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
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da Rosa DP, Bonow MLM, Goettems ML, Demarco FF, Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Barros AJ, Peres KG. The influence of breastfeeding and pacifier use on the association between preterm birth and primary-dentition malocclusion: A population-based birth cohort study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 157:754-763. [PMID: 32487305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the influence of biological characteristics on the occurrence of malocclusion. This study aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and primary-dentition malocclusion and how breastfeeding and the use of pacifiers are related to this association. METHODS A representative sample (n = 1129) of children from the 2004 Pelotas, Brazil birth cohort study underwent a dental examination at age 5 years. Malocclusions were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria, and the outcome was considered as the presence of moderate or severe malocclusion (MSM). Questionnaires including the children's oral health information were completed by the mothers. Data on socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and preterm birth were obtained from previous follow-ups. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, followed by an interaction test. RESULTS The prevalence of MSM was 26.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.6%-29.1%) in the total sample, 24.1% (95% CI, 21.5%-26.9%) in full-term births, and 42.2% (95% CI, 39.1%-45.3%) in preterm births. After adjustment, the prevalence of MSM was 42% higher in preterm births. Breastfeeding duration and pacifier use up to age 4 years modified the effect of gestational age on MSM. CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth is associated with the development of MSM. Breastfeeding reduces the effect of preterm birth on MSM, and pacifier use strengthens this association. Dentists should be aware that preterm birth may be a risk factor for malocclusion in primary dentition. The findings reinforce the benefits of breastfeeding on occlusal development and the negative consequences of pacifier use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Paiva da Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávio F Demarco
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alícia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Glazer Peres
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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de Rezende VS, Fonseca-Silva T, Drumond CL, Ramos-Jorge ML, Paiva SM, Vieira-Andrade RG. Do Patients with Extrinsic Black Tooth Stains Have a Lower Dental Caries Experience? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res 2019; 53:617-627. [PMID: 31390620 DOI: 10.1159/000500476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that individuals affected by extrinsic black tooth stains have less dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there is scientific evidence demonstrating that extrinsic black stains are a protective factor for the occurrence of dental caries. This systematic review was developed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the research question was determined using the PECO strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published up to September 2018. All articles included were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the data were extracted for meta-analysis. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 9,108 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis, 13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with extrinsic black stains involving primary (median, MD: -0.78 [-1.09; -0.48]; I2 = 44%) and permanent (MD: -0.50 [-0.93; -0.08]; I2 = 86%) teeth have a lower dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. Patients with extrinsic black tooth stains have a lower dental caries experience in cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva de Rezende
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Thiago Fonseca-Silva
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil,
| | - Clarissa Lopes Drumond
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Recurrent black stains of the tongue and the teeth. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018; 136:53-54. [PMID: 30509866 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Ortiz-López CS, Veses V, Garcia-Bautista JA, Jovani-Sancho MDM. Risk factors for the presence of dental black plaque. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16752. [PMID: 30425313 PMCID: PMC6233187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate risk factors related to the presence of extrinsic dental black stain, a total of 94 orally healthy volunteers (47 individuals with dental black stain and 47 individuals without dental black stain) were recruited from ten different dental clinics in Valencia and Castellón (Spain). Data regarding their oral hygiene, dietary habits, and oral health status were gathered by questionnaire. Samples of dental plaque, saliva and drinking water were collected for chemical analysis. Three factors were found to be statistically significantly associated with dental black stain, (i) consuming water with high iron content, (ii) consuming water with high pH, and (iii) having a high salivary pH. Other factors such as smoking, taking iron supplements or consuming caffeinated drinks were not found to be risk factors for the presence of black stain. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that drinking tap or osmosis-purified water and lower levels of salivary iron increase the risk of having dental black stain. Overall, several risk factors for the presence of dental black stain have been identified. The main modifiable risk factor identified in this study was the consumption of tap or osmosis drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Ortiz-López
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Moncada, Spain
| | - Veronica Veses
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Moncada, Spain.
| | - Jose A Garcia-Bautista
- Director of Laboratory Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Moncada, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Jovani-Sancho
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Moncada, Spain
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Gomes MC, Perazzo MF, Neves ET, Siqueira MBLD, de Brito Costa EMM, Protasio APL, Silva AFLP, Botelho KVG, Granville-Garcia AF. Evaluation of determinant factors for the presence and activity of dental caries in five-year-old children: study with decision tree. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-017-0892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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DNA profiling of Streptococcus mutans in children with and without black tooth stains: A polymerase chain reaction analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2018; 15:334-339. [PMID: 30233653 PMCID: PMC6134728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic patterns of Streptococcus mutans by DNA finger printing among caries-active, caries-free, and in children with black tooth stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study Ten children with black tooth stains and ten caries-free and caries-active children between 3 and 6 years of age were recruited. Saliva samples were collected using a sterile tube, followed by microbial culture of S. mutans, DNA isolation, and polymerase chain reaction amplification. The molecular weights of each band were converted into binary data, and data were entered into SPSS to generate similarity dendrograms. RESULTS Dendrogram interpretation of black tooth stain and caries-free samples revealed an identical genetic pattern in 15 samples with high genetic similarity. Dendrogram interpretation of black tooth stain and caries-active samples exhibited a greater genetic diversity. CONCLUSION This study concludes that identical genotypes and high genetic similarity among isolates of the caries-free and black tooth stains. Polymorphism and genetic diversity exist between the black tooth stain and caries-active samples.
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LÓPEZ MARTÍNEZ TM, GOETTEMS ML, AZEVEDO MS, CORREA MB, DEMARCO FF, ROMANO AR. Black stains and dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e110. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Liu R, Liu H, Chen F. Analysis of the Microbiota of Black Stain in the Primary Dentition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137030. [PMID: 26340752 PMCID: PMC4560370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Black tooth stain is a characteristic extrinsic discoloration commonly seen on the cervical enamel following the contour of the gingiva. To investigate the relationship between black tooth stain and the oral microbiota, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the microbial composition of dental plaque and saliva among caries-free children with and without black stain. Dental plaque and saliva, as well as black stain, were sampled from 10 children with and 15 children without black stain. Data were analyzed using the pipeline tool MOTHUR. Student’s t-test was used to compare alpha diversities and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the relative abundances of the microbial taxa. A total of 10 phyla, 19 classes, 32 orders, 61 families and 102 genera were detected in these samples. Shannon and Simpson diversity were found to be significantly lower in saliva samples of children with black stain. Microbial diversity was reduced in the black stain compared to the plaque samples. Actinomyces, Cardiobacterium, Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Tannerella and Treponema were more abundant and Campylobacter less abundant in plaque samples of children with black stain. Principal component analysis demonstrated clustering among the dental plaque samples from the control group, while the plaque samples from the black stain group were not and appeared to cluster into two subgroups. Alterations in oral microbiota may be associated with the formation of black stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxi Liu
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (HL)
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (HL)
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17
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Azevedo MS, Romano AR, Correa MB, Santos IDSD, Cenci MS. Evaluation of a feasible educational intervention in preventing early childhood caries. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100286. [PMID: 26154375 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) in the primary dentition of preschoolers remains high. Young children have limited access to oral healthcare, and oral health education (OHE) measures can be a valuable tool to prevent caries in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an early educational intervention on ECC prevention. The study group (SG) comprised 271 children aged 0-12 months and their mothers, who attended 12 selected public health centers (PHC). The SG received oral health instructions from a pamphlet and by verbal explanation of some topics. One year later, a similar sample of children from another 12 PHCs were selected to serve as the control (CG; n = 251). The children were examined to determine their caries status: decayed = cavitated and/or white spot lesion (maxillary anterior surface); missing; and filled surface index > 0. There was a one-year follow-up. Socioeconomic and demographic information was collected. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of the educational intervention on the ECC odds. A sample of 445 (SG = 194 and CG = 251) children remained to the end of the study and were examined. The prevalence of caries was 12.9% in the SG and 17.9% in the CG. The odds of caries were 80% higher in the CG than in the SG (p = 0.037). The strategy of providing OHE from a pamphlet and with a brief verbal instruction to mothers during their child's first year of life can constitute a valuable tool for ECC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sousa Azevedo
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Romano
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Britto Correa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Sfeatcu R, Luculescu C, Ciobanu L, Balan A, Gatin E, Patrascu I. Dental Enamel Quality and Black Tooth Stain: A New Approach and Explanation by using Raman and AFM Techniques. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2014.994081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Black stain and dental caries: a review of the literature. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:469392. [PMID: 25802850 PMCID: PMC4354720 DOI: 10.1155/2015/469392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Black stain is characterized as a dark line or an incomplete coalescence of dark dots localized on the cervical third of the tooth. Over the last century, the etiology of black stain has been the subject of much debate. Most of the studies concerning this issue were conducted in pediatric population. According to the reviewed articles published between 2001 and 2014, the prevalence of black stain varies from 2.4% to 18% with equal sex distribution. The majority of the authors confirm the correlation between the presence of black stain and lower caries experience. The microflora of this deposit is dominated by Actinomyces spp. and has lower cariogenic potential than nondiscolored dental plaque. Iron/copper and sulfur complexes are thought to be responsible for the dark color. In patients with black stain saliva has higher calcium concentrations and higher buffering capacity. Factors such as dietary habits, socioeconomic status, and iron supplementation may be contributing to the formation of black stain.
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20
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Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in schoolchildren. J Dent 2014; 42:540-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Torriani D, Ferro R, Bonow M, Santos I, Matijasevich A, Barros A, Demarco F, Peres K. Dental Caries Is Associated with Dental Fear in Childhood: Findings from a Birth Cohort Study. Caries Res 2014; 48:263-70. [DOI: 10.1159/000356306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Chen X, Zhan JY, Lu HX, Ye W, Zhang W, Yang WJ, Feng XP. Factors associated with black tooth stain in Chinese preschool children. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:2059-66. [PMID: 24430339 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of black tooth stain and associated factors in primary dentition in Shanghai, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a cross-sectional design, preschool children were randomly recruited from 12 kindergartens. Children's dental caries were assessed on the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and surfaces (dmfs). The presence of black tooth stain was examined, and the visible plaque index was calculated. Questionnaires were completed by the children's parents or guardians. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate the associated factors. RESULTS A total of 2,023 children were invited, and 1,397 examined participants with questionnaire data were included in final analysis. The rate of black tooth stain was 9.9 % with mean age of 4.55 years. Compared to children without black stain, children with black stain had a significant lower prevalence and experience of dental caries (P < 0.01). Factors for black stain were age, born in Shanghai, parents' higher education level, lower visible plaque index and mean dmfs, less use of nursing bottle, food with more soy sauce, and history of pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Preschool children with black tooth stain had fewer dental caries. Further studies are warranted to explore the microbiologic risk factors for black tooth stain and to evaluate the causal-effect factors using prospective study design. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In clinics, dentists should pay more attention to this aesthetic problem for the relative high prevalence of black tooth stain in primary dentition. Also, the related factors can be explained to parents for the prevention of black tooth stain in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Heinrich-Weltzien R, Bartsch B, Eick S. Dental Caries and Microbiota in Children with Black Stain and Non-discoloured Dental Plaque. Caries Res 2013; 48:118-25. [DOI: 10.1159/000353469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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24
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Paschos E. What’s new the dental scene? J Orofac Orthop 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-012-0101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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