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Rezanejad F, Ganjalikhani Hakemi F. Microstructural and histochemical analysis of shoots and cones of Juniperus seravschanica (Cupressaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:790-799. [PMID: 38071733 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Juniper species contain abundant compounds that are used in the medicine, cosmetic, and wood industry. Furthermore, these components protect the genus against herbivores, pathogens and detrimental abiotic conditions. Stains and specific reagents can be used individually or simultaneously to mark cell shape, arrangement and the material they are made from. Microchemical analyses using specific reagents and stains under light microscopy are helpful for the characterization of chemical compounds present in plant tissues. The autofluorescence of endogenous fluorophores is used to enable their localization in plant cells and tissues. This paper aims to investigate the cytochemical and histochemical traits of the shoots (leaves and stems) and female cones (berries) of Juniperus seravschanica. Light and florescent microscopy techniques were used to analyze the cytology and localization of different compounds for the first time. Microscopy-based histochemical analyses revealed various products in terms of composition and distribution among the shoots and female cones. These specific compounds contained lignin, tannins, polysaccharides, starch, phenolic compounds, chlorophyll, terpenoids, neutral lipids, and proteins. However, the anatomical position of each metabolite and its concentration was different among leaf, stem, and female cone. Phenolic cells of young cones were differentiated into sclereid cells during development. The density of phenolic cells, sclereid cells, and resin glans was higher in female cones than leaves and stems. The high levels of various components can be related to high resistance of the species against biotic and abiotic stresses, confirm its industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural applications and is useful for identification of diagnostic taxonomic traits. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Microscopical and histochemical analyses showed various compounds in J. seravschanica The phenolic cells differentiated to sclereid cells during development High levels of idioblasts and various compounds show its high resistance and medicinal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Rezanejad
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzad Ganjalikhani Hakemi
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Ren C, Li M. The efficacy of statins in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35088. [PMID: 37713899 PMCID: PMC10508553 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of research has investigated the use of statins in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the therapeutic effects of statins remain uncertain. Thus, we designed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of statins in patients with RA. METHODS Databases searched to detect clinical randomized controlled trials or clinical controlled trials on the interaction between statins and RA before January 2020 included PubMed, Web of Sciences, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang Database. Efficacy was measured by Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tenderness of the joint (TJ), swelling of the joint (SJ), and interleukin-6. The level of blood lipid was also evaluated. STATA 12.0 was used for the meta-analysis. The Cochrane method was used for quality assessment. Heterogeneity was considered to determine fixed effects or random effects models. RESULTS Nineteen clinical trials with a total of 22,906 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Sixteen studies reported a change in DAS28 after statin treatment. The pooled analysis showed that statins reduced DAS28 in RA patients. Change in ESR after statin treatment was reported in 9 studies. The summary analysis showed that statins lowered ESR in RA patients. Twelve studies reported a change in CRP after statin treatment. The results of the entire analysis showed that statins lowered CRP in RA patients. Seven studies reported a change in TJ after statin treatment. The combined analysis showed that statins reduced TJ at RA patients. Six studies reported changes in IL6 after statin therapy. The results showed that statins failed to reduce IL6 in RA patients. Seven studies reported changes in SJ after statin therapy, which showed that statins failed to reduce SJ in RA patients. We also found that statins can reduce blood lipid levels in RA patients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, statins were able to reduce DAS28, ESR, CRP, TJ, and blood lipids. It indicated that stains can benefit patients with RA by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and reducing the levels of lipids in the blood. Our study may offer a new perspective on the treatment of RA and provide research ideas for future larger multi-center clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Ren
- Taizhou Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Mingshuang Li
- Taizhou Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
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Aloè T, Novelli F, Puppo G, Pinelli V, Barisione E, Trucco E, Costanzo R, Covesnon MG, Grillo F, Zoccali P, Milanese M, Maniscalco S, Tagliabue E, Piroddi IMG, Venturi S, Serra M, Scordamaglia F, Ferrari M, Serafini A. Prevalence of Long COVID Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2 Strains. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1558. [PMID: 37511933 PMCID: PMC10381360 DOI: 10.3390/life13071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed the differences of patterns of Long COVID (L-COVID) with regards to the pathogenetic SARS-CoV-2 strains. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics of acute phase of infection and the persistence of L-COVID symptoms and clinical presentation across different SARS-CoV-2 strains. METHODS In this observational-multicenter study we recorded all demographic and clinical characteristics, severity of infection, presence/persistence of symptoms of fatigue, dyspnoea and altered quality of life (QoL) at baseline and after 6 months, in a sample of Italian patients from Liguria between March 2020 and March 2022. RESULTS 308 patients (mean age 63.2 years; 55.5% men) with previous COVID were enrolled. Obese patients were 21.2% with a significant difference in obesity prevalence across the second and third wave (p = 0.012). Treatment strategies differed between waves (p < 0.001): more patients required invasive mechanical ventilation in the first wave, more patients were treated with high-flow nasal cannula/non-invasive ventilation in the in the second and more patients were treated with oxygen-therapy in the fourth wave. At baseline, a high proportion of patients were symptomatic (dyspnoea and fatigue), with impairment in some QoL indicators. A higher prevalence of patients with pain, were seen in the first wave compared to later infections (p = 0.01). At follow-up, we observed improvement of dyspnoea, fatigue and some dimensions of QoL scale evaluation such as mobility, usual activities, pain evaluations; instead there was no improvement in remaining QoL scale indicators (usual care and anxiety-depression). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in the prevalence of the most frequent L-COVID symptoms, except for QoL pain domain that was especially associated with classical variant. Our results show substantial impact on social and professional life and usual care activities. These findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary post COVID follow-up care including mental health support and rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Aloè
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuela Barisione
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Trucco
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Civile, 18100 Imperia, Italy
| | - Roberta Costanzo
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Villa Scassi, ASL3 Genovese, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Manlio Milanese
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale S.Corona, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Sara Maniscalco
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale S.Corona, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Elena Tagliabue
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ines Maria Grazia Piroddi
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simonetta Venturi
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Villa Scassi, ASL3 Genovese, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Villa Scassi, ASL3 Genovese, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marta Ferrari
- Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy
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Alvim GC, Paiva GR, Alandia-Román CC, Lepri CP, De Castro DT. Effect of conventional and rolled cigarette smoke on the colour of artificial teeth and effectiveness of hygiene protocols in removing pigmentation - An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:419-424. [PMID: 37006008 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_101_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Artificial teeth are widely used in oral rehabilitation. Despite the benefits, they are more susceptible to colour changes, causing aesthetic problems. Aims To evaluate the effect of conventional cigarette and straw smoke on the colour of artificial teeth and the effectiveness of hygiene protocols in removing pigmentation. Material and Methods Acrylic resin incisors were divided into two groups (n = 50): Exposed to conventional cigarette and straw smoke. Regarding the effectiveness of hygiene protocols, the teeth were divided into ten subgroups with predetermined immersion times. The colour was measured with a colorimeter. The CIE values L* a* b* were recorded before and after exposure to smoke and after hygiene protocols. Statistical analysis used T-test of independent samples and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test (α = 0.05). Results Conventional (16.16 ± 1.65) and straw (16.29 ± 1.95) cigarettes provided clinically unacceptable ΔE values, with no significant difference between them (P = 0.719). Conventional cigarettes promoted less luminosity (ΔL = -12.68 ± 1.28) (P < 0.001) and straw greater tendency to yellow (Δb = 11.00 ± 1.46) (P < 0.001). The hygiene protocols influenced the ΔE, ΔL, and Δb of the samples, depending on the type of smoke (P < 0.05). Conclusions The conventional and rolled cigarette smoke promote an unacceptable colour change in artificial teeth. Hygiene protocols with the use of brushing, in isolation or in association with chemical solutions are more effective in removing pigmentation caused by both types of cigarettes compared to only the chemical solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - César P Lepri
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise T De Castro
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tai DBG, Wengenack NL, Patel R, Berbari EF, Abdel MP, Tande AJ. Fungal and mycobacterial cultures should not be routinely obtained for diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected periprosthetic joint infections. Bone Joint J 2022; 104-B:53-58. [PMID: 34969277 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.104b1.bjj-2021-0876.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Fungal and mycobacterial periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are rare events. Clinicians are wary of missing these diagnoses, often leading to the routine ordering of fungal and mycobacterial cultures on periprosthetic specimens. Our goal was to examine the utility of these cultures and explore a modern bacterial culture technique using bacterial blood culture bottles (BCBs) as an alternative. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with hip or knee PJI between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, USA. We included patients aged 18 years or older who had fungal, mycobacterial, or both cultures performed together with bacterial cultures. Cases with positive fungal or mycobacterial cultures were reviewed using the electronic medical record to classify the microbiological findings as representing true infection or not. RESULTS There were 2,067 episodes of PJI diagnosed within the study period. A total of 3,629 fungal cultures and 2,923 mycobacterial cultures were performed, with at least one of these performed in 56% of episodes (n = 1,157). Test positivity rates of fungal and mycobacterial cultures were 5% (n = 179) and 1.2% (n = 34), respectively. After a comprehensive review, there were 40 true fungal and eight true mycobacterial PJIs. BCB were 90% sensitive in diagnosing true fungal PJI and 100% sensitive in detecting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). Fungal stains were performed in 27 true fungal PJI but were only positive in four episodes (14.8% sensitivity). None of the mycobacterial stains was positive. CONCLUSION Routine fungal and mycobacterial stains and cultures should not be performed as they have little clinical utility in the diagnosis of PJI and are associated with significant costs. Candida species and RGM are readily recovered using BCB. More research is needed to predict rare non-Candida fungal and slowly growing mycobacterial PJI that warrant specialized cultures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):53-58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Bambino Geno Tai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nancy L Wengenack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elie F Berbari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew P Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J Tande
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Asokan S, Varshini KR, Geetha Priya PR, Vijayasankari V. Association between black stains and early childhood caries - A systematic review. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 31:957-962. [PMID: 33753668 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_327_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically review the association between black stains and early childhood caries. Methods Seven electronic databases and hand search were carried out using keywords on black stains and early childhood caries. Articles published in English from January 1947 to January 2020 were included. A total of 38,686 articles were retrieved, and 38,645 duplicate and irrelevant records were removed. Among the 41 articles obtained, 21 articles were excluded after screening the title and abstracts. Fifteen articles were excluded after analyzing the full text. Finally, five articles with cross-sectional study designs were included in this review. Quality analysis was carried out using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results All the five articles included in this review had a low risk of bias. Two articles showed a significant negative association and one article showed a significant positive association between black stains and early childhood caries. Conclusion Cross-sectional design and heterogeneity of the included articles provide an ambiguous opinion on the association between black stains and early childhood caries. More of longitudinal studies following rigid methodology is needed to establish the association between black stains and early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Asokan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kirthi R Varshini
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P R Geetha Priya
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Vijayasankari
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
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Fiddyment S, Goodison NJ, Brenner E, Signorello S, Price K, Collins MJ. Girding the loins? Direct evidence of the use of a medieval English parchment birthing girdle from biomolecular analysis. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:202055. [PMID: 33959357 PMCID: PMC8074970 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe palaeoproteomic evidence obtained from a stained medieval birth girdle using a previously developed dry non-invasive sampling technique. The parchment birth girdle studied (Wellcome Collection Western MS. 632) was made in England in the late fifteenth century and was thought to be used by pregnant women while giving birth. We were able to extract both human and non-human peptides from the manuscript, including evidence for the use of honey, cereals, ovicaprine milk and legumes. In addition, a large number of human peptides were detected on the birth roll, many of which are found in cervico-vaginal fluid. This suggests that the birth roll was actively used during childbirth. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to extract and analyse non-collagenous peptides from a birth girdle using this sampling method and demonstrates the potential of this type of analysis for stained manuscripts, providing direct biomolecular evidence for active use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fiddyment
- The McDonald Institute, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie J. Goodison
- The Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of English Studies, Durham University, Hallgarth House, 77 Hallgarth Street, Durham DH1 1AY, UK
| | - Elma Brenner
- Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, Bloomsbury, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | | | - Kierri Price
- Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, Bloomsbury, London NW1 2BE, UK
- Department of English, Theatre and Creative Writing, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- The McDonald Institute, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Evogenomics, The Globe Institute Department of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83, København K, Denmark
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Zinck N, Franz-Odendaal TA. Accurate whole-mount bone and cartilage staining requires acid-free conditions. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:958-960. [PMID: 33026708 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bone and cartilage staining has provided anatomists with the ability to generate detailed descriptions of the adult and developing skeleton. Typically, Alizarin red S and Alcian blue are used for the staining of bone and cartilage, respectively. The binding of Alizarin red S and calcium is most stable at basic conditions, however, Alcian blue exhibits specific binding to polyanionic substances such as mucopolysaccharides under acidic conditions. Typical bone and cartilage staining protocols are conducted under acidic conditions. Because of this discrepancy in optimal pH, issues can arise in the staining of small specimens such as larval fish. Specifically, staining embryonic or larval specimens under acidic conditions can cause decalcification of small bones. Decalcification can completely inhibit the uptake of Alizarin red S in small bones. In order to mitigate this issue, researchers have developed an acid-free staining protocol that utilizes the concept of critical electrolyte concentration. While many researchers have adopted acid-free bone and cartilage staining, some researchers continue to stain these small specimens with acidic staining protocols. To ensure the reliability and validity of our skeletal descriptions, we urge scientists to utilize acid-free staining protocols when analyzing the skeletons of larval or embryonic specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Zinck
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Di Zazzo A, Varacalli G, Mori T, Coassin M. Long-term restoration of corneal sensitivity in neurotrophic keratopathy after rhNGF treatment. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 32:NP15-NP18. [PMID: 32854535 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120953343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report the long-term effects of the new rhNGF treatment on corneal sensitivity in patients with. CASES PRESENTATION We present three cases of corneal ulcers due to NK that were treated with rhNGF. In each patient wound healing evolution was documented by clinical pictures and corneal sensitivity measured by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry. Best corrected visual acuity and Type I Schirmer test were also assessed neurotrophic keratopathy.All patients healed within 8 weeks and NK showed no recurrences in the mean follow-up period of 35 weeks. Each subject showed a significant increase of corneal sensitivity and tear secretion, with concomitant improvement in visual acuity. CONCLUSION Corneal sensitivity, measured by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, markedly increased in all eyes. Further studies are warranted to demonstrate a possible mechanism of nerve restoration with rhNGF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Varacalli
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mori
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Although generally well tolerated, statin users frequently report muscle-related side effects, ranging from self-limiting myalgias to rhabdomyolysis or the rare clinical entity of statin-associated immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Statin-associated IMNM is based on the development of autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis and the pharmacologic target of statins, and leads to a necrotizing myopathy requiring immunosuppressive therapy. This review attempts to recapitulate the diverse aspects of anti-HMGCR IMNM, including clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, genetic risk associations, therapeutic options and potential pathogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tiniakou
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ng C, Almaz EC, Simon JC, Fried D, Darling CL. Near-infrared imaging of demineralization on the occlusal surfaces of teeth without the interference of stains. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-8. [PMID: 30834721 PMCID: PMC6975183 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Most new caries lesions are found in the pits and fissures of the occlusal surface. Radiographs have extremely low sensitivity for early occlusal decay, and by the time the lesion is severe enough to appear on a radiograph, it typically has penetrated well into the dentin and surgical intervention is required. The occlusal surfaces are often heavily stained, and visual and tactile detection have poor sensitivity and specificity. Previous near-infrared imaging studies at wavelengths beyond 1300 nm have demonstrated that stains are not visible and demineralization on the occlusal surfaces can be viewed without interference from stains. The objective of our study is to determine how the contrast between sound and lesion areas on occlusal surfaces varies with wavelength from the visible to 2350 nm and determine to what degree stains interfere with that contrast. The lesion contrast for reflectance is measured in 55 extracted teeth with suspected occlusal lesions from 400 to 2350 nm employing silicon and indium gallium arsenide imaging arrays. In addition, the lesion contrast is measured on 25 extracted teeth with suspected occlusal lesions from 400 to 1600 nm in reflectance and from 830 to 1400 nm in transillumination before and after stains are removed using a ultrasonic scaler. The highest lesion contrast in reflectance is measured at wavelengths >1700 nm. Stains interfere significantly at wavelengths <1150 nm (400 to 1150) for both reflectance and transillumination measurements. Our study suggests that the optimum wavelengths for imaging decay in the occlusal surfaces are >1700 nm for reflectance (1700 to 2350 nm) and near 1300 nm (1250 to 1350 nm) for transillumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Ng
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Elias C. Almaz
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jacob C. Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Daniel Fried, E-mail:
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Abstract
Experiments were carried out on 15 different protein crystals with the objective of estimating the rates of penetration of dye molecules into the crystals. The dyes were in the molecular-weight range 250-1000 Da and the protein crystals were of dimensions of 0.7 mm or greater. Experiments were also conducted on protein crystals grown between glass cover slips (separation 200 µm) that restricted the direction of diffusion. The rate of penetration of dyes into protein crystals depends very much on the degree of association between the dye and protein molecules. Dye penetration was not consistent with pure diffusion when the affinity of the protein for the dye was significant, and this was frequent. Penetration rates were less dependent on factors such as the molecular weight of the dye or the diffusion direction. For weakly interacting protein crystal/dye combinations, penetration was a fair measure of diffusivity and the observed rates were in the range 60-100 µm h-1. For strongly interacting combinations, the rates of penetration were of the order of 15-30 µm h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander McPherson
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
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McPherson A, Larson SB. Investigation into the binding of dyes within protein crystals. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:593-602. [PMID: 30198893 PMCID: PMC6130428 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found that the crystals of at least a dozen different proteins could be thoroughly stained to an intense color with a panel of dyes. Many, if not most, of the stained protein crystals retained the dyes almost indefinitely when placed in large volumes of dye-free mother liquor. Dialysis experiments showed that most of the dyes that were retained in crystals also bound to the protein when free in solution; less frequently, some dyes bound only in the crystal. The experiments indicated a strong association of the dyes with the proteins. Four protein crystals were investigated by X-ray diffraction to ascertain the mode of binding. These were crystals of lysozyme, thaumatin, trypsin inhibited with benzamidine and satellite tobacco mosaic virus. In 30 X-ray analyses of protein crystal-dye complexes, in only three difference Fourier maps was any difference electron density present that was consistent with the binding of dye molecules, and even in these three cases (thaumatin plus thioflavin T, xylene cyanol and m-cresol purple) the amount of dye observed was inadequate to explain the intense color of the crystals. It was concluded that the dye molecules, which are clearly inside the crystals, are disordered but are paradoxically tightly bound to the protein. It is speculated that the dyes, which exhibit large hydrophobic cores and peripheral charged groups, may interact with the crystalline proteins in the manner of conventional detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander McPherson
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 560 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
| | - Steven B. Larson
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 560 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
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Abstract
Objectives One percent toluidine blue being the most effective adjunct is often used to detect dysplasia. Not much attention has been given to the effect of toluidine blue in enhancement of cytological smears. The present study assessed the smears before and after application of toluidine blue in smokers against non-smokers using three different stains [Papanicolaou (PAP), Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E), and Giemsa]. Study Design Twenty-five individuals from each group participated in the study. The oral cytosmears were obtained before and after application of toluidine blue and assessed for clumping of squamous cells, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, micronuclei, binucleation, bacterial colony units, and keratin flakes. Results In smokers, the maximum enhancement in cytological smears post-toluidine blue application was shown by Giemsa stain than PAP and H and E stains. Among the individual parameters, nuclear pleomorphism exhibited greatest significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusion Toluidine blue enhanced the staining characteristics both in terms of sensitivity and specificity and thereby was found to be synergistic in assessment of cytosmears. The cellular alterations noticed in the smears of smokers with clinically normal buccal mucosa can be used as a means of education tool in counselling for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V N Ratna Kumari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Ahmed Mujib
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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15
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Ravikumar D, Gurunathan D, Gayathri R, Priya VV, Geetha RV. DNA profiling of Streptococcus mutans in children with and without black tooth stains: A polymerase chain reaction analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2018; 15:334-9. [PMID: 30233653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic patterns of Streptococcus mutans by DNA finger printing among caries-active, caries-free, and in children with black tooth stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study Ten children with black tooth stains and ten caries-free and caries-active children between 3 and 6 years of age were recruited. Saliva samples were collected using a sterile tube, followed by microbial culture of S. mutans, DNA isolation, and polymerase chain reaction amplification. The molecular weights of each band were converted into binary data, and data were entered into SPSS to generate similarity dendrograms. RESULTS Dendrogram interpretation of black tooth stain and caries-free samples revealed an identical genetic pattern in 15 samples with high genetic similarity. Dendrogram interpretation of black tooth stain and caries-active samples exhibited a greater genetic diversity. CONCLUSION This study concludes that identical genotypes and high genetic similarity among isolates of the caries-free and black tooth stains. Polymorphism and genetic diversity exist between the black tooth stain and caries-active samples.
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16
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Almaz EC, Simon JC, Fried D, Darling CL. Influence of stains on lesion contrast in the pits and fissures of tooth occlusal surfaces from 800-1600-nm. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2016; 9692. [PMID: 26997740 DOI: 10.1117/12.2218663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
For over one hundred years, x-rays have served as a cornerstone of dentistry. Dental radiographic imaging technologies have constantly improved, however, detecting occlusal lesions remains as one of the greatest challenges due to the low sensitivity of radiographs and the overlap of enamel. Once detected, occlusal lesions have penetrated far into the dentin, necessitating invasive restorative treatment. The adoption of near-infrared (NIR) systems in dentistry introduces the potential for early detection of occlusal lesions. Commercially available NIR systems for intra-oral applications currently operate near 800-nm; however, extrinsic stains may interfere with the detection of demineralization of the underlying enamel surface. Higher wavelengths such as 1300-nm render stains nearly transparent and enhances the contrast of sound enamel to demineralized enamel. This novel finding promotes minimally invasive dentistry and allows oral health professionals the ability to detect, image, track, and monitor early lesions without repeated exposure to ionizing radiation nor invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias C Almaz
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Jacob C Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Cynthia L Darling
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
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17
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Marcos R, Bragança B, Fontes-Sousa AP. Image Analysis or Stereology: Which to Choose for Quantifying Fibrosis? J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:734-6. [PMID: 26033333 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415592180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, ICBAS-UPorto, Portugal (RM)
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology/MedInUP, ICBAS-UP (BB, APFS)
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18
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Féliz-Matos L, Hernández LM, Abreu N. Dental Bleaching Techniques; Hydrogen-carbamide Peroxides and Light Sources for Activation, an Update. Mini Review Article. Open Dent J 2015; 8:264-8. [PMID: 25646134 PMCID: PMC4311381 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen and carbamide peroxides have been successfully used for many years; in the past century the dental bleaching technique suffered several changes and almost 10 years before new millennium the technique was finally recognized by the international agencies of regulation. It is important that Dentists handle the peroxides with the essential knowledge, because it is demonstrated that satisfactory final results of this technique depend on the correct diagnosis of stains, management of the substrates (enamel and dentin) and as well sensitivity. Dentists are exposed to several dental bleaching techniques, products and brands, and in the last 2 decades the devices for light activation of the peroxides have become an extensive catalog. Today, the technique is also suffering changes based on the effectiveness of the different light sources for peroxide activation and its relation to satisfactory final results of the technique. The purpose of this literature review is to explain the determinant factors that influence satisfactory final results of the techniques and provide a general overview, in order to achieve a treatment decision based on evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Féliz-Matos
- Department of Academic Research/School of Dentistry, Universidad Iberoamericana, UNIBE. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Luis Miguel Hernández
- Department of Academic Research/School of Dentistry, Universidad Iberoamericana, UNIBE. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ninoska Abreu
- Department of Academic Research/School of Dentistry, Universidad Iberoamericana, UNIBE. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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19
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Vennila V, Madhu V, Rajesh R, Ealla KKR, Velidandla SR, Santoshi S. Tetracycline-induced discoloration of deciduous teeth: case series. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:115-119. [PMID: 25083046 PMCID: PMC4109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline was the choice of antibiotic in some of the life-threatening bacterial infections. Due to its adverse effects and ability to cross-placental barrier, its use is contraindicated in pregnancy and in children. This is a case series of four patients with tetracycline-induced discoloration in primary teeth. How to cite the article: Vennila V, Madhu V, Rajesh R, Ealla KKR, Velidandla SR, Santoshi S. Tetracycline induced discoloration of deciduous teeth: Case series. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):115-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasree Vennila
- Department of General Pathology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vasapalli Madhu
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLR'S Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R Rajesh
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLR'S Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MNR Dental College, Sangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Surekha Reddy Velidandla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MNR Dental College, Sangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Santoshi
- Department of Prosthodontics, MNR Dental College, Sangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India
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20
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Dapson RW. Accomplishments of the Trustees and laboratory staff of the Biological Stain Commission, 2002-2013. Biotech Histochem 2014; 89:470-9. [PMID: 24665939 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.892634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 12 years from 2002 to 2013, the Trustees and laboratory personnel of the Biological Stain Commission (BSC) can claim many accomplishments. These accomplishments are itemized under 11 categories: continuous publication of the official journal, Biotechnic & Histochemistry; production of four special issues of Biotechnic & Histochemistry devoted to specific dyes or stains; standardization of staining and dye purity; mechanisms of staining and prediction of dye behavior; publication of books or book chapters; effects of fixation and processing on staining; cancer research; immunohistochemistry; BSC Laboratory activities; miscellaneous publications; and administrative accomplishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Dapson
- Dapson & Dapson, LLC , 6951 East AB Avenue, Richland, Michigan 49083
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21
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Talebi M, Parisay I, Mokhtari N. The parents' knowledge and behavior towards the effects of using iron supplements on tooth staining and dental caries in Mashhad, Iran. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012; 9:715-8. [PMID: 23559947 PMCID: PMC3612219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is estimated to be the most common nutritional deficiency in both developed and underdeveloped nations. Iron supplements at early age may prevent iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and management of parents about using iron supplements related to dental caries and staining among Iranian children (6 months to 2 year-old) and to identify some factors underlying these attitudes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized cross sectional study was carried out on the parents of 220 children (6 months to 2-year-old) evaluated in health services centers in Mashhad in 2008. Parents filled questionnaires assessing their opinions on the risk of using iron supplement on tooth staining and dental caries. The results were statistically analyzed by descriptive-analytical, Mann Whitney and Kruscal Wallis tests. RESULTS According to this study the relation between iron supplement application with tooth staining and its effect on dental caries, it must be noted that most parents (82.7%) had a moderate range of knowledge. Major of the parents (72.7%) had a moderate level of behavior. There was a significant difference between the knowledge level of fathers with their level of education (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The finding of this study indicates that parental knowledge about consumption of iron supplements by their children (6 months to 2-year-old) has been moderate. But their behavior was poor and needs more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Talebi
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Parisay
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Iman Parisay, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Negar Mokhtari
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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