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Ayat P, Sawass Najjar D, Alkaissi H, Gill H, Otey J, AlFaraj M, McFarlane SI. Differential Effect of Hyperglycemia on the Odds of Cancer Among the Adult Population of the United States. Cureus 2024; 16:e63061. [PMID: 39050345 PMCID: PMC11268948 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence indicates a relationship between diabetes and cancer risk, with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia being implicated as the major underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of increased cancer risk among people with diabetes. We aim to assess the differential effect of dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) on the strength of association (odds) of cancer amongst the adult US diabetic population. Material and methods We analyzed data from the 1997-2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) dataset, which applies a multistage area probability sampling design. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses to test the strengths of the association between diabetes, prediabetes, and cancer before and after adjusting for major risk factors for cancer, including age and body mass index (BMI). Results A total of 722,532 individuals were surveyed, with a mean age of 47.18 ±0.3 years (±SEM) and a BMI of 26.9 ±0.01 kg/m2. Between 1997 and 2013, BMI increased from 26.0 to 27.4 kg/m2, the diabetes rate increased from 4.1% to 7.6%, and associated cancer rates increased from 6.6% to 9.0%. Body mass index was 27.1 vs. 26.8 kg/m2, P < 0.01, for those with and without cancer, respectively. The unadjusted odds ratio for cancer was 1.92 (1.78-2.08) (95% CI) and 2.20 (2.13-2.27) for prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. After adjusting for age, BMI, race, and cigarette smoking, the odds ratio for cancer was 1.12 (1.03-1.22), P < 0.01, and 1.15 (1.11-1.18), P <0.01, for prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Conclusion Among US adults, the increasing rate of diabetes over the years was associated with an increased rate of cancer. Diabetes and prediabetes have a graduated effect on cancer risk. While obesity is generally implicated as an underlying pathophysiologic link between diabetes and cancer, our study showed a modest difference in BMI between those with and without cancer. In addition, the effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the odds of cancer persisted after adjusting for BMI. These data collectively suggest that hyperglycemia is an attractive pathophysiologic mechanism that may play a role in increasing the odds of cancer among diabetic and prediabetic populations. Our study is consistent with the accumulating evidence implicating hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of cancer, where glucose is used in PET scanning to detect cancer (the Warburg effect), and the ketogenic diet appears to be useful in cancer management, enhancing the effect of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Ayat
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Science University, New York City, USA
| | - Diana Sawass Najjar
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Science University, New York City, USA
| | - Hussam Alkaissi
- Internal Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, USA
| | - Harjinder Gill
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Science University, New York City, USA
| | - Jennifer Otey
- Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Science University, New York City, USA
| | - Marwa AlFaraj
- Integrative Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Science University, New York City, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Internal Medicine, Endocrine Division, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Science University, New York City, USA
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Baria K, De Toni EN, Yu B, Jiang Z, Kabadi SM, Malvezzi M. Worldwide Incidence and Mortality of Biliary Tract Cancer. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:618-626. [PMID: 39132071 PMCID: PMC11307584 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Biliary tract cancer (BTC) consists of a group of hepatic and perihepatic tumors that are in close proximity but are anatomically different, including gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (extrahepatic and intrahepatic [ICC]), and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). Most epidemiologic research has focused on 1 or more anatomic subtypes, or does not differentiate BTC from hepatocellular carcinoma or other primary liver cancers. Here, we provide a descriptive update on global incidence and mortality rates for BTC, overall and by anatomic subtypes. Methods Age-standardized rates (per 100,000 person-years) were derived from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Volume XI (2008-2012; 22 countries), and the World Health Organization Mortality Database (2006-2016; 38 countries). Results BTC incidence varied by country, with the highest in Chile (14.35) and the lowest in Vietnam (1.25). Mortality rates for BTC were highest for the Republic of Korea (11.64) and lowest for the Republic of Moldova (1.65). BTC mortality rates increased over time in 24 of 34 countries. Patients aged ≥75 years had 5-10 times higher mortality rates than the overall BTC rate in all countries. In most countries, incidence rates were highest for GBC, and mortality rates highest for ICC, while both were lowest for AVC. Females had and died from GBC more frequently than males. For ICC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and AVC, males trended toward higher incidence and mortality rates. Conclusion The increasing incidence and mortality trends reported here indicate a need for improved prevention and treatment for all BTC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Baria
- Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Enrico N. De Toni
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Binbing Yu
- Oncology Biometrics, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Zhuoxin Jiang
- Epidemiology and Real-World Evidence, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Shaum M. Kabadi
- Epidemiology and Real-World Evidence, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Estaras M, Ameur FZ, Estévez M, Díaz-Velasco S, Gonzalez A. The lysine derivative aminoadipic acid, a biomarker of protein oxidation and diabetes-risk, induces production of reactive oxygen species and impairs trypsin secretion in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111594. [PMID: 32738373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the effects of α-aminoadipic acid, an oxidized derivative from the amino acid lysine, on the physiology of mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Changes in intracellular free-Ca2+ concentration, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the levels of carbonyls and thiobarbituric-reactive substances, cellular metabolic activity and trypsin secretion were studied. Stimulation of mouse pancreatic cells with cholecystokinin (1 nM) evoked a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. In the presence of α-amoniadipic acid increases in [Ca2+]i were observed. In the presence of the compound, cholecystokinin induced a Ca2+ response that was smaller compared with that observed when cholecystokinin was applied alone. Stimulation of cells with cholecystokinin in the absence of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium abolished further mobilization of Ca2+ by α-aminoadipic acid. In addition, potential pro-oxidant conditions, reflected as increases in ROS generation, oxidation of proteins and lipids, were noted in the presence of α-aminoadipic acid. Finally, the compound impaired trypsin secretion induced by the secretagogue cholecystokinin. We conclude that the oxidized derivative from the amino acid lysine induces pro-oxidative conditions and the impairment of enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells. α-aminoadipic acid thus creates a situation that could potentially lead to disorders in the physiology of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fatma Z Ameur
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et de Sécurité Alimentaire, Université d'Oran1 Ahmed BenBella, Algeria
| | - Mario Estévez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Velasco
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Comiran PK, Ribeiro MC, Silva JHG, Martins KO, Santos IA, Chiaradia AEF, Silva AZ, Dekker RFH, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Alegranci P, Queiroz EAIF. Botryosphaeran Attenuates Tumor Development and the Cancer Cachexia Syndrome in Walker-256 Tumor-Bearing Obese Rats and Improves the Metabolic and Hematological Profiles of These Rats. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1175-1192. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1789681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia K. Comiran
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - John H. G. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Kamila O. Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Izabella A. Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ana Emilia F. Chiaradia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Amadeu Z. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Pâmela Alegranci
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Eveline A. I. F. Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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Ray J, Kumar S, Laor D, Shereen N, Nwamaghinna F, Thomson A, Perez Perez J, Soni L, McFarlane SI. Effects of Stevia Rebaudiana on Glucose Homeostasis, Blood Pressure and Inflammation: A Critical Review of Past and Current Research Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RESEARCH & TRIALS 2020; 5:142. [PMID: 32149202 PMCID: PMC7059728 DOI: 10.15344/2456-8007/2020/142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its related comorbidities continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. Insulin resistance, increased inflammation and oxidative stress are the major pathogenic mechanisms involved in obesity-associated co-morbid conditions. Major efforts to curb the rising tide of obesity, including lifestyle modifications, anti-obesity medications and surgical interventions have shown minimal success. Therefore, introducing new methods to combat obesity, diabetes and associated disorders are desperately needed. Stevia rebaudiana, a natural, non-caloric sweetener has generated significant interest in the scientific community due to its effects on glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and inflammation, all known consequences of obesity. In this review, we assess the effects of Stevia on these parameters in humans as well as in animal models, highlighting its potential role as an effective intervention for the major cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samy I. McFarlane
- Corresponding Author: Prof. Samy I. McFarlane, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, USA, Tel: 718-270-6707, Fax: 718-270-4488;
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Di Francesco S, Robuffo I, Caruso M, Giambuzzi G, Ferri D, Militello A, Toniato E. Metabolic Alterations, Aggressive Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Complex Relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55030062. [PMID: 30866568 PMCID: PMC6473682 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies suggest a possible relationship between metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease and aggressive prostate cancer, however, no clear consensus has been reached. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the recent literature and summarize our experience on the association between metabolic disorders, aggressive hormone-naïve prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. Method: We identified relevant papers by searching in electronic databases such as Scopus, Life Science Journals, and Index Medicus/Medline. Moreover, we showed our experience on the reciprocal relationship between metabolic alterations and aggressive prostate cancer, without the influence of hormone therapy, as well the role of coronary and carotid vasculopathy in advanced prostate carcinoma. Results: Prostate cancer cells have an altered metabolic homeostatic control linked to an increased aggressivity and cancer mortality. The absence of discrimination of risk factors as obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and inaccurate selection of vascular diseases as coronary and carotid damage at initial diagnosis of prostate cancer could explain the opposite results in the literature. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with metabolic alterations and cardiovascular disease can also contribute to prostate cancer progression and increased tumor aggressivity. Conclusions: Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular disease influence aggressive and metastatic prostate cancer. Therefore, a careful evaluation of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension, together with a careful evaluation of cardiovascular status, in particular coronary and carotid vascular disease, should be carried out after an initial diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Francesco
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marika Caruso
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Giulia Giambuzzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Deborah Ferri
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Andrea Militello
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
- Urology and Andrology Section, Villa Immacolata Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Jankowska MM, Sears DD, Natarajan L, Martinez E, Anderson CAM, Sallis JF, Matthews SA, Crist K, Dillon L, Johnson E, Barrera-Ng A, Full K, Godbole S, Kerr J. Protocol for a cross sectional study of cancer risk, environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviors in a diverse community sample: the Community of Mine study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:186. [PMID: 30760246 PMCID: PMC6375220 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are modifiable behaviors that lead to several cancers. Biologically, these behaviors are linked to cancer through obesity-related insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Individual strategies to change physical activity and diet are often short lived with limited effects. Interventions are expected to be more successful when guided by multi-level frameworks that include environmental components for supporting lifestyle changes. Understanding the role of environment in the pathways between behavior and cancer can help identify what environmental conditions are needed for individual behavioral change approaches to be successful, and better recognize how environments may be fueling underlying racial and ethnic cancer disparities. Methods This cross-sectional study was designed to select participants (n = 602 adults, 40% Hispanic, in San Diego County) from a range of neighborhoods ensuring environmental variability in walkability and food access. Biomarkers measuring cancer risk were measured with fasting blood draw including insulin resistance (fasting plasma insulin and glucose levels), systemic inflammation (levels of CRP), and oxidative stress measured from urine samples. Objective physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep were measured by participants wearing a GT3X+ ActiGraph on the hip and wrist. Objective measures of locations were obtained through participants wearing a Qstarz Global Positioning System (GPS) device on the waist. Dietary measures were based on a 24-h food recall collected on two days (weekday and weekend). Environmental exposure will be calculated using static measures around the home and work, and dynamic measures of mobility derived from GPS traces. Associations of environment with physical activity, obesity, diet, and biomarkers will be measured using generalized estimating equation models. Discussion Our study is the largest study of objectively measured physical activity, dietary behaviors, environmental context/exposure, and cancer-related biomarkers in a Hispanic population. It is the first to perform high quality measures of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, diet and locations in which these behaviors occur in relation to cancer-associated biomarkers including insulin resistance, inflammation, impaired lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Results will add to the evidence-base of how behaviors and the built environment interact to influence biomarkers that increase cancer risk. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02094170, 03/21/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Jankowska
- Calit2/Qualcomm Institute, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Nutrition, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,UCSD Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elena Martinez
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Cheryl A M Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A Matthews
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, Department of Anthropology, Population Research Institute, Old Main, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Katie Crist
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lindsay Dillon
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eileen Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Angelica Barrera-Ng
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kelsey Full
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,UCSD Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Huang WC, Chen YL, Liu HC, Wu SJ, Liou CJ. Ginkgolide C reduced oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1178-1184. [PMID: 30532639 PMCID: PMC6260475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide C, isolated from Ginkgo biloba, is a diterpene lactone that has multiple biological functions and can improve Alzheimer disease and platelet aggregation. Ginkgolide C also inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study evaluated whether ginkgolide C reduced lipid accumulation and regulated the molecular mechanism of lipogenesis in oleic acid-induced HepG2 hepatocytes. HepG2 cells were treated with 0.5 mM oleic acid for 48 h to induce a fatty liver cell model. Then, the cells were exposed to various concentrations of ginkgolide C for 24 h. Staining with Oil Red O and the fluorescent dye BODIPY 493/503 revealed that ginkgolide C significantly reduced excessive lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Ginkgolide C decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c to block the expression of fatty acid synthase. Ginkgolide C treatment also promoted the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and the phosphorylation level of hormone-sensitive lipase to enhance the decomposition of triglycerides. In addition, ginkgolide C stimulated CPT-1 to activate fatty acid β-oxidation, significantly increased sirt1 and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and decreased expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase for suppressed fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that ginkgolide C reduced lipid accumulation and increased lipolysis through the sirt1/AMPK pathway in oleic acid-induced fatty liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chia Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
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Ali A, Mirza Y, Faizan U, Zahid N, Awan MS. Association of Obesity and Thyroid Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. Cureus 2018; 10:e2364. [PMID: 29805933 PMCID: PMC5969796 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common endocrine malignancies with a rapidly increasing worldwide presence. In Pakistan, it is more prevalent in females than males and has an incidence rate of 2.1%. Obesity and excess body mass index (BMI) has been linked to several cancers and is thought to be a risk factor for TC. We aim to investigate the incidence of TC in our population and understand it’s correlation with obesity. Subjects The study was a retrospective case series conducted in the years 2000 to 2014, at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan where 156 patients who had been diagnosed and treated for TC were analyzed. Clinicopathological data was collected from medical records of these patients and weight and height were measured, pre-surgery, post-surgery, and at follow up. The BMI was correlated with patient variables for any significant associations. Results The patient set comprised of 38.5% males and 61.5% females with a mean age of 47.77 (SD ± 14.35). The BMI was significantly associated with age as 72.8% of participants were obese and >45 years old as compared to 27.2% who were under 45 years and obese (p-value <0.001). Upon comparison of the pre-surgery, post-surgery, and current mean BMI, Bonferroni pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference (p>0.999). Conclusion The majority of-of TC patients among the Pakistani population were obese and female. Age was significantly associated with the risk of having a higher BMI. Moreover, differences in BMI pre and post-surgery could not be statistically proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Ali
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Yumna Mirza
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Urooj Faizan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad S Awan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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10
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Liou CJ, Wu SJ, Chen LC, Yeh KW, Chen CY, Huang WC. Acacetin from Traditionally Used Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir. Suppressed Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Attenuated Lipid Accumulation in Obese Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:589. [PMID: 28900399 PMCID: PMC5581916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acacetin, a flavone that can be isolated from the Saussurea involucrata plant, has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties that ameliorate airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. This study investigated whether acacetin has anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and whether it regulates the inflammatory response in adipocytes and macrophages. It also investigated whether acacetin ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mice. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with acacetin. The glycerol levels in the culture medium were measured, and the expression of proteins and genes involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis were assayed by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway activity was assessed in macrophages that were treated with acacetin and cultured with differentiated medium from 3T3-L1 cells. Intraperitoneal injections of acacetin were administered to HFD-induced obese mice twice a week for 10 weeks. Acacetin significantly increased the levels of glycerol in the culture medium and significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Acacetin reduced the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, including the expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; it also increased sirtuin 1 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in adipocytes. In macrophages cultured with differentiated media from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, acacetin reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators and the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways. In obese mice, acacetin reduced both body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight. These results demonstrate that acacetin inhibited adipogenesis in adipocytes and in obese mice. Acacetin also reduced the inflammatory response of macrophages that were stimulated with differentiated media from 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan
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11
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Faridi SH, Singh KD, Lodhi M. Concomitant Presence of Carcinoma of Breast in a Patient with Early-Onset Cataract: First Case Report of a Potential Association. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:PD05-PD07. [PMID: 28658846 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26913.9894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A recent nation-wide population based retrospective cohort study from Taiwan in 2014 suggested a propensity of developing breast cancer in young females with early-onset cataract. We report here a case of a young non-obese female who presented to us with a large lump in the right breast with skin nodules and bilateral painless progressive diminution of vision. Patient was diagnosed to be suffering from locally advanced carcinoma of right breast with axillary metastasis (Stage III B) and bilateral early-onset nuclear cataract. Patient was started on taxane and anthracycline based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after three cycles of chemotherapy patient showed partial response (≈50% reduction of tumour mass). Patient underwent small incision cataract surgery in left eye after the first cycle of chemotherapy. However, the patient was lost before any operative intervention could be done as she died in a road traffic accident. Possible mechanism of development of breast cancer in patients with early-onset cataract is discussed. This is the first reported case of a patient of early-onset cataract developing breast cancer as well as the first reported case of concomitant presence of early-onset bilateral cataract with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Habib Faridi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaushal Deep Singh
- Senior Resident, Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehershree Lodhi
- Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Gong S, Xu C, Wang L, Liu Y, Owusu D, Bailey BA, Li Y, Wang K. Genetic association analysis of polymorphisms in PSD3 gene with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and HDL cholesterol. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 126:105-114. [PMID: 28237857 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pleckstrin and Sec7 domain-containing 3 (PSD3) gene has been linked to immune diseases. We examined whether the genetic variants within the PSD3 gene are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. METHODS Multiple logistic regression model and linear regression model were used to examine the associations of 259 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PSD3 gene with obesity and T2D as binary traits, and HDL level as a continuous trait using the Marshfield data, respectively. A replication study of obesity was conducted using the Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) sample. RESULTS 23SNPs were associated with obesity (p<0.05) in the Marshfield sample and rs4921966 revealed the strongest association (p=3.97×10-6). Of the 23SNPs, 20 were significantly associated with obesity in the meta-analysis of two samples (p<0.05). Furthermore, 6SNPs revealed associations with T2D in the Marshfield data (top SNP rs12156368 with p=3.05×10-3); while two SNPs (rs6983992 and rs7843239) were associated with both obesity and T2D (p=0.0188 and 0.023 for obesity and p=8.47×10-3 and 0.0128 for T2D, respectively). Furthermore, 11SNPs revealed associations with HDL level (top SNP rs13254772 with p=2.79×10-3) in the Marshfield data; meanwhile rs7009615 was associated with both T2D (p=0.038) and HDL level (p=4.44×10-3). In addition, haplotype analyses further supported the results of single SNP analysis. CONCLUSIONS Common variants in PSD3 were associated with obesity, T2D and HDL level. These findings add important new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity, T2D and HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Gong
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Owusu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Beth A Bailey
- Department of Family Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
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13
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Li L, Gan Y, Li W, Wu C, Lu Z. Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1786-802. [PMID: 27392541 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between excess body weight and the risk of biliary tract cancer with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the associations between overweight and obesity and the risk of biliary tract cancer. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to August 2015 was conducted, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional relevant studies were manually searched. RESULTS Fourteen prospective cohort studies and 15 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. These studies included 11,448,397 participants (6,733 patients with gallbladder cancer [GBC] and 5,798 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer [EBDC]) with follow-up durations ranging from 5 to 23 years. Among overweight adults, the pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28) for GBC and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.39) for EBDC, and among people with obesity, the pooled RR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.49-1.75) for GBC and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.21-1.81) for EBDC. Visual inspection of the funnel plots and the Begg's and the Egger's tests did not show enough evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Integrated evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that excess body weight is associated with a significantly increased risk of GBC and EBDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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14
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Williams GR, Mackenzie A, Magnuson A, Olin R, Chapman A, Mohile S, Allore H, Somerfield MR, Targia V, Extermann M, Cohen HJ, Hurria A, Holmes H. Comorbidity in older adults with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2016; 7:249-57. [PMID: 26725537 PMCID: PMC4917479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity is an issue of growing importance due to changing demographics and the increasing number of adults over the age of 65 with cancer. The best approach to the clinical management and decision-making in older adults with comorbid conditions remains unclear. In May 2015, the Cancer and Aging Research Group, in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute on Aging, met to discuss the design and implementation of intervention studies in older adults with cancer. A presentation and discussion on comorbidity measurement, interventions, and future research was included. In this article, we discuss the relevance of comorbidities in cancer, examine the commonly used tools to measure comorbidity, and discuss the future direction of comorbidity research. Incorporating standardized comorbidity measurement, relaxing clinical trial eligibility criteria, and utilizing novel trial designs are critical to developing a larger and more generalizable evidence base to guide the management of these patients. Creating or adapting comorbidity management strategies for use in older adults with cancer is necessary to define optimal care for this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Williams
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Rebecca Olin
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Seillier M, Pouyet L, N'Guessan P, Nollet M, Capo F, Guillaumond F, Peyta L, Dumas JF, Varrault A, Bertrand G, Bonnafous S, Tran A, Meur G, Marchetti P, Ravier MA, Dalle S, Gual P, Muller D, Rutter GA, Servais S, Iovanna JL, Carrier A. Defects in mitophagy promote redox-driven metabolic syndrome in the absence of TP53INP1. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:802-18. [PMID: 25828351 PMCID: PMC4459819 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome covers metabolic abnormalities including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is characterized by insulin resistance resulting from both environmental and genetic factors. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) published in 2010 identified TP53INP1 as a new T2D susceptibility locus, but a pathological mechanism was not identified. In this work, we show that mice lacking TP53INP1 are prone to redox-driven obesity and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reactive oxygen species increase in TP53INP1-deficient cells results from accumulation of defective mitochondria associated with impaired PINK/PARKIN mitophagy. This chronic oxidative stress also favors accumulation of lipid droplets. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the GWAS-identified TP53INP1 gene prevents metabolic syndrome, through a mechanism involving prevention of oxidative stress by mitochondrial homeostasis regulation. In conclusion, this study highlights TP53INP1 as a molecular regulator of redox-driven metabolic syndrome and provides a new preclinical mouse model for metabolic syndrome clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Seillier
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Pouyet
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Prudence N'Guessan
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Nollet
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Capo
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Peyta
- Inserm, U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C), Tours, France
| | | | - Annie Varrault
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Gyslaine Bertrand
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Bonnafous
- Inserm, U1065, C3M Team 8 "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Inserm, U1065, C3M Team 8 "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Gargi Meur
- Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa - Cisanello Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Magalie A Ravier
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Inserm, U1065, C3M Team 8 "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Dany Muller
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stéphane Servais
- Inserm, U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C), Tours, France
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
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16
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Tucker CM, Smith TM, Wippold GM, Whitehead NE, Morrissette TA, Williams JL, Ukonu NA, Arthur TM, Sealy YM, Crosier BS. Impact of a University-Community Partnership Approach to Improving Health Behaviors and Outcomes Among Overweight/Obese Hispanic Adults. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 11:479-488. [PMID: 30202374 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615623773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To examine the impact of a community-informed and community-based Health-Smart Church (HSC) Program on engagement in health promoting behaviors (healthy eating and physical activity) and health outcomes (body mass index, weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Design. A total of 70 overweight/obese Hispanic adults participated in an intervention group (n = 37) or a waitlist control group (n = 33) in 2 Hispanic churches in Bronx, New York. Results. Post-intervention the intervention group significantly increased in frequency of healthy eating and physical activity compared to the waitlist control group. Although no significant changes in body mass index or systolic blood pressure were found for either group, the intervention group decreased significantly in weight from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Conclusions. The results of the present study add to the growing body of literature evidencing the successful use of community-engaged and community-based participatory health promotion interventions with racial/ethnic minority populations and highlight important practices and considerations for similar health promotion interventions with these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Tucker
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Tasia M Smith
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Guillermo M Wippold
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Nicole E Whitehead
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Tara A Morrissette
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Jaime L Williams
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Nwakaego A Ukonu
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Tya M Arthur
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Yvette M Sealy
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
| | - Benjamin S Crosier
- Department of Psychology (CMT, TMS, GMW, TAM, JLW, NAU, TMA), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (NEW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (YMS).,Center for Technology and Behavioral Health; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (BSC)
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17
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Jia G, Aroor AR, DeMarco VG, Martinez-Lemus LA, Meininger GA, Sowers JR. Vascular stiffness in insulin resistance and obesity. Front Physiol 2015; 6:231. [PMID: 26321962 PMCID: PMC4536384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are associated with a substantially increased prevalence of vascular fibrosis and stiffness, with attendant increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of vascular stiffness are not well understood, accumulating evidence supports the role of metabolic and immune dysregulation related to increased adiposity, activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, reduced bioavailable nitric oxide, increased vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM remodeling in the pathogenesis of vascular stiffness. This review will give a brief overview of the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance and increased vascular stiffness to provide a contemporary understanding of the proposed underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital Columbia, MO, USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, MO, USA ; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
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18
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Itakura H, Kobayashi M, Nakamura S. Chlorella ingestion suppresses resistin gene expression in peripheral blood cells of borderline diabetics. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e95-e101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Moreira Â, Pereira SS, Costa M, Morais T, Pinto A, Fernandes R, Monteiro MP. Adipocyte secreted factors enhance aggressiveness of prostate carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123217. [PMID: 25928422 PMCID: PMC4415768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with increased incidence and risk of mortality of prostate cancer. One of the proposed mechanisms underlying this risk association is the change in adipokines expression that could promote the development and progression of the prostate tumor cells. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of preadipocyte and adipocyte secretome in the proliferation, migration and invasion of androgen independent prostate carcinoma cells (RM1) and to assess cell proliferation in the presence of the adiposity signals leptin and insulin. RM1 cells were co-cultured in with preadipocytes, adipocytes or cultured in their respective conditioned medium. Cell proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry and XTT viability test. Cell migration was evaluated using a wound healing injury assay of RM1 cells cultured with conditioned media. Cellular invasion of RM1 cells co-cultured with adipocytes and preadipocytes was assessed using matrigel membranes. Preadipocyte conditioned medium was associated with a small increase in RM1 proliferation, while adipocytes conditioned media significantly increased RM1 cell proliferation (p<0.01). Adipocytes also significantly increased the RM1 cells proliferation in co-culture (p <0.01). Cell migration was higher in RM1 cells cultured with preadipocyte and adipocyte conditioned medium. RM1 cell invasion was significantly increased after co-culture with preadipocytes and adipocytes (p <0.05). Insulin also increased significantly the cell proliferation in contrast to leptin, which showed no effect. In conclusion, prostate carcinoma cells seem to be influenced by factors secreted by adipocytes that are able to increase their ability to proliferate, migrate and invade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Moreira
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia S. Pereira
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Costa
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Morais
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinto
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas (CQB), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Tucker CM, Smith TM, Arthur TM, Wall W. Obesity and Related Chronic Health Conditions as Predictors of Motivation to Engage in Healthy Eating Behaviors Among Black Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-014-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Chiang CC, Lin CL, Peng CL, Sung FC, Tsai YY. Increased risk of cancer in patients with early-onset cataracts: a nationwide population-based study. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:431-6. [PMID: 24450445 PMCID: PMC4317801 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset cataracts are associated with insufficient antioxidative activity, and, therefore, a potential risk of cancer. This study investigated the risk of cancer after being diagnosed with early-onset cataracts. Retrospective claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed. Study subjects were comprised of patients with early-onset cataracts, aged 20–55 years (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 366.00, 366.01, 366.02, 366.03, 366.04, 366.09, 366.17 and 366.18) and newly diagnosed between 1997 and 2010 (n = 1281), and a comparison cohort without the disease (n = 5124). Both cohorts were followed up until 2010 to estimate the incidences of cancer. We used the Poisson regression model to compare incidence rate ratios and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of cancer associated with early-onset cataracts. The overall incidence rate of all cancers was 2.19-fold higher in the early-onset cataract cohort than in the comparison cohort (8.06 vs 3.68 per 1000 person-years) with an adjusted HR of 2.13 (95% CI = 1.48, 3.07). The site-specific analysis also showed a strong relationship, with adjusted HR of 3.24 ((95% CI = 1.30, 8.10) for head and neck cancer, 3.29 (95% CI 1.16, 9.31) for hepatoma and 3.19 (95% CI 1.34, 7.58) for breast cancer. The present study suggests that patients with early-onset cataracts are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with cancer in subsequent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chi Chiang
- Division of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
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The role of prostatitis in prostate cancer: meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85179. [PMID: 24391995 PMCID: PMC3877315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Use systematic review methods to quantify the association between prostatitis and prostate cancer, under both fixed and random effects model. Evidence Acquisition Case control studies of prostate cancer with information on prostatitis history. All studies published between 1990-2012, were collected to calculate a pooled odds ratio. Selection criteria: the selection criteria are as follows: human case control studies; published from May 1990 to July 2012; containing number of prostatitis, and prostate cancer cases. Evidence Synthesis In total, 20 case control studies were included. A significant association between prostatitis and prostate cancer was found, under both fixed effect model (pooled OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.39-1.62), and random effects model (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.36-1.98). Personal interview based case control studies showed a high level of association (fixed effect model: pooled OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.47-1.73, random effects model: pooled OR= 1.87, 95%CI: 1.52-2.29), compared with clinical based studies (fixed effect model: pooled OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.86-1.28, random effects model: pooled OR= 0.98, 95%CI: 0.67-1.45). Additionally, pooled ORs, were calculated for each decade. In a fixed effect model: 1990’s: OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.35-1.84; 2000’s: OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.40-1.79; 2010’s: OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.56. In a random effects model: 1990’s: OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.08-3.62; 2000’s: OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.23-2.19; 2010’s: OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.73. Finally a meta-analysis stratified by each country was conducted. In fixed effect models, U.S: pooled OR =1.45, 95%CI: 1.34-1.57; China: pooled OR =4.67, 95%CI: 3.08-7.07; Cuba: pooled OR =1.43, 95%CI: 1.00-2.04; Italy: pooled OR =0.61, 95%CI: 0.13-2.90. In random effects model, U.S: pooled OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.25-1.80; China: pooled OR =4.67, 95%CI: 3.08-7.07; Cuba: pooled OR =1.43, 95%CI: 1.00-2.04; Italy: pooled OR =0.61, 95%CI: 0.13-2.90.CONCLUSIONS: the present meta-analysis provides the statistical evidence that the association between prostatitis and prostate cancer is significant.
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Garofalo C, Capristo M, Manara MC, Mancarella C, Landuzzi L, Belfiore A, Lollini PL, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Metformin as an adjuvant drug against pediatric sarcomas: hypoxia limits therapeutic effects of the drug. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83832. [PMID: 24391834 PMCID: PMC3877110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a well-known insulin-sensitizer commonly used for type 2 diabetes therapy, has recently emerged as potentially very attractive drug also in oncology. It is cheap, it is relatively safe and many reports have indicated effects in cancer prevention and therapy. These desirable features are particularly interesting for pediatric sarcomas, a group of rare tumors that have been shown to be dependent on IGF and insulin system for pathogenesis and progression. Metformin exerts anti-mitogenic activity in several cancer histotypes through several molecular mechanisms. In this paper, we analyzed its effects against osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, the three most common pediatric sarcomas. Despite in vitro metformin gave remarkable antiproliferative and chemosensitizing effects both in sensitive and chemoresistant cells, its efficacy was not confirmed against Ewing sarcoma xenografts neither as single agent nor in combination with vincristine. This discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo effects may be due to hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors. We provide evidences that in hypoxia conditions metformin was not able to activate AMPK and inhibit mTOR signaling, which likely prevents the inhibitory effects of metformin on tumor growth. Thus, although metformin may be considered a useful complement of conventional chemotherapy in normoxia, its therapeutic value in highly hypoxic tumors may be more limited. The impact of hypoxia should be considered when novel therapies are planned for pediatric sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garofalo
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Capristo
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Mancarella
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mullner E, Brath H, Nersesyan A, Nitz M, Petschnig A, Wallner M, Knasmuller S, Wagner KH. Nuclear anomalies in exfoliated buccal cells in healthy and diabetic individuals and the impact of a dietary intervention. Mutagenesis 2013; 29:1-6. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/get056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
It has been difficult to identify factors that affect the risk of cancer, but we know that people are at higher risk as they get older, or if they have a strong family history of cancer. The potential influence of environmental and behavioral factors remains poorly understood. Early population-based and case-control studies suggested that higher serum levels of IGF1 could be associated with increased cancer risk. Since GH therapy increases IGF1 levels, concern has been raised regarding its potential role as a cancer initiation factor. Experimental evidence and some clinical studies showed that when GH/IGF1 secretion or action was inhibited, a decreased incidence and rate of progression of cancers occurred. However, human populations comprise a garden variety of genotypes that respond differently to the same kind of exposures. Human population studies frequently reveal only very small effects to these exposures. So, are GH and cancer guilty by association? After more than 20 years, leukemia, a major safety issue initially believed associated with GH treatment in children with GH deficiency (GHD), has not been confirmed but the risk of second malignancies in patients previously treated with irradiation has been detected or confirmed through the National Cooperative Growth Study. Overall, this large study confirmed the favorable overall safety profile of GH therapy in children with GHD, and also highlighted specific populations at potential risk. The risk of secondary malignancy following radiotherapy is surely related to radiotherapy more than GH therapy that may increase growth but is less likely to start the oncogenic process. In GH-deficient adults treated with GH, observational studies (KIMS, HypoCCS) have shown that when IGF1 levels were targeted within normal age-related reference ranges, the occurrence of malignancies was not higher than in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pekic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade and Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade,
Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Søgaard M, Thomsen RW, Bossen KS, Sørensen HT, Nørgaard M. The impact of comorbidity on cancer survival: a review. Clin Epidemiol 2013; 5:3-29. [PMID: 24227920 PMCID: PMC3820483 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s47150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have shown poorer survival among cancer patients with comorbidity. Several mechanisms may underlie this finding. In this review we summarize the current literature on the association between patient comorbidity and cancer prognosis. Prognostic factors examined include tumor biology, diagnosis, treatment, clinical quality, and adherence. Methods All English-language articles published during 2002–2012 on the association between comorbidity and survival among patients with colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer were identified from PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to identify eligible studies and their main results were then extracted. Results Our search yielded more than 2,500 articles related to comorbidity and cancer, but few investigated the prognostic impact of comorbidity as a primary aim. Most studies found that cancer patients with comorbidity had poorer survival than those without comorbidity, with 5-year mortality hazard ratios ranging from 1.1 to 5.8. Few studies examined the influence of specific chronic conditions. In general, comorbidity does not appear to be associated with more aggressive types of cancer or other differences in tumor biology. Presence of specific severe comorbidities or psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with delayed cancer diagnosis in some studies, while chronic diseases requiring regular medical visits were associated with earlier cancer detection in others. Another finding was that patients with comorbidity do not receive standard cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy as often as patients without comorbidity, and their chance of completing a course of cancer treatment is lower. Postoperative complications and mortality are higher in patients with comorbidity. It is unclear from the literature whether the apparent undertreatment reflects appropriate consideration of greater toxicity risk, poorer clinical quality, patient preferences, or poor adherence among patients with comorbidity. Conclusion Despite increasing recognition of the importance of comorbid illnesses among cancer patients, major challenges remain. Both treatment effectiveness and compliance appear compromised among cancer patients with comorbidity. Data on clinical quality is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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27
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Nagaraju GP, Zafar SF, El-Rayes BF. Pleiotropic effects of genistein in metabolic, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:562-72. [PMID: 23865800 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a soy-derived biologically active isoflavone that exhibits diverse health-promoting effects. An increasing body of evidence shows that genistein influences lipid homeostasis and insulin resistance, counteracts inflammatory cytokines, and possesses antidiabetic properties. Genistein also impedes cancer progression by promoting apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest, modulating intracellular signaling pathways, and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis of neoplastic cells. This review summarizes the pleiotropic functions of genistein in common health disorders such as metabolic syndrome, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In the current era of uncontrolled health expenditure, a focus on the clinical development of nutritional agents with the capacity to prevent a variety of common health disorders is needed. As a micronutrient that exerts multifaceted effects ranging from antidiabetic to anticarcinogenic functions, genistein should be clinically developed further for use in the prevention and treatment of a variety of health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Huang WC, Chang WT, Wu SJ, Xu PY, Ting NC, Liou CJ. Phloretin and phlorizin promote lipolysis and inhibit inflammation in mouse 3T3-L1 cells and in macrophage-adipocyte co-cultures. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1803-13. [PMID: 23776070 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Previous studies found that phloretin (PT) and phlorizin (PZ) could inhibit glucose transport, with PT being a better inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. This study aimed to evaluate the antiobesity effects of PT and PZ in 3T3-L1 cells and if they can modulate the relationship between adipocytes and macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with PT or PZ. Subsequently, transcription factors of adipogenesis and lipolysis proteins were measured. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with PT or PZ were cultured in differentiated media from 3T3-L1 cells to analyze inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways. PT significantly enhanced glycerol release and inhibited the adipogenesis-related transcription factors. PT also promoted phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and increased activity of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase. PT suppressed the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways when RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in differentiated media from 3T3-L1 cells. PZ improved lipolysis and inhibited the macrophage inflammatory response less effectively than PT. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PT is more effective than PZ at increasing lipolysis in adipocytes. In addition, PT also suppresses inflammatory response in macrophage that is stimulated by differentiated media from 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Heifetz A, Barker O, Verquin G, Wimmer N, Meutermans W, Pal S, Law RJ, Whittaker M. Fighting obesity with a sugar-based library: discovery of novel MCH-1R antagonists by a new computational-VAST approach for exploration of GPCR binding sites. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1084-99. [PMID: 23590178 DOI: 10.1021/ci4000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly common disease. While antagonism of the melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor (MCH-1R) has been widely reported as a promising therapeutic avenue for obesity treatment, no MCH-1R antagonists have reached the market. Discovery and optimization of new chemical matter targeting MCH-1R is hindered by reduced HTS success rates and a lack of structural information about the MCH-1R binding site. X-ray crystallography and NMR, the major experimental sources of structural information, are very slow processes for membrane proteins and are not currently feasible for every GPCR or GPCR-ligand complex. This situation significantly limits the ability of these methods to impact the drug discovery process for GPCR targets in "real-time", and hence, there is an urgent need for other practical and cost-efficient alternatives. We present here a conceptually pioneering approach that integrates GPCR modeling with design, synthesis, and screening of a diverse library of sugar-based compounds from the VAST technology (versatile assembly on stable templates) to provide structural insights on the MCH-1R binding site. This approach creates a cost-efficient new avenue for structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) against GPCR targets. In our work, a primary VAST hit was used to construct a high-quality MCH-1R model. Following model validation, a structure-based virtual screen yielded a 14% hit rate and 10 novel chemotypes of potent MCH-1R antagonists, including EOAI3367472 (IC50 = 131 nM) and EOAI3367474 (IC50 = 213 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heifetz
- Evotec (UK), Ltd., Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
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