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Si GF, Ge YX, Lv XP, Li YQ, Chen XM, Yuan XM. Case report: Near-fatal hypermagnesemia resulting from the use of Epsom salts in a patient with normal renal function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1416956. [PMID: 39021819 PMCID: PMC11251994 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1416956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypermagnesemia commonly occurs in patients with renal dysfunction. Diagnosing hypermagnesemia represents a challenge due to its rarity and the absence of routine monitoring of magnesium levels. Furthermore, the lack of awareness among clinicians regarding this uncommon condition frequently leads to delayed diagnoses. Few patients survive with a serum magnesium level exceeding 7 mmol/L. This article presents a case study of near-fatal hypermagnesemia resulting from the oral administration of Epsom salts in a patient with normal renal function. A 60-year-old female presented to the gastroenterology department on Oct. 6, 2023, with a 3-day history of black stools. She underwent subtotal gastrectomy in 2005 and has a stable history of nephrotic syndrome. To investigate the cause of her bleeding, electronic gastroscopy and colonoscopy were scheduled for Oct. 11, 2023. She experienced a sudden loss of consciousness 30 min after the ingestion of Epsom salts. The attending physician suspected a severe magnesium poisoning. She was promptly administered calcium gluconate, underwent tracheal intubation with ambu bag ventilation, and received early continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Swift diagnosis and CRRT contributed to a reduction in her serum magnesium levels from an initial 8.71 mmol/L to 1.35 mmol/L, leading to a remarkable improvement in the toxic symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia. Subsequently, she was managed in the gastroenterology department, with gastroscopy revealing bleeding from the gastrointestinal anastomotic ulcer. Following conservative treatments including acid suppression, stomach protection, and hemostasis, her symptoms improved, and she was successfully discharged. This study aims to alert clinicians to the possibility of hypermagnesemia in individuals with normal renal function. Physicians should exercise caution when prescribing Epsom salts to patients with underlying gastrointestinal conditions. If necessary, alternative drug therapies may be considered to mitigate the risk of hypermagnesemia. Timely intervention is pivotal in averting life-threatening complications linked to hypermagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fei Si
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ge
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Lv
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Quan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Min Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Alkhatib B, Agraib LM, Al-Dalaeen A, Al-Shami I. Are There Any Correlations between Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Intake and Coronary and Obesity Indices? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:12-19. [PMID: 37159492 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2203225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between nutrient intake and obesity and coronary problems has received great attention. So, this study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium intake and obesity and coronary indices. METHODS A total of 491 male and female university employees (18-64 years) were randomly included in a cross-sectional study. Blood samples were drawn, and the lipid profile was analyzed. Different anthropometrics were measured. Obesity and coronary indices were calculated based on standard formulas. A 24-h recall was used to measure the average dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium. RESULTS For the total sample, vitamin D had a significantly weak correlation with the abdominal volume index (AVI) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). However, calcium intake had a significant moderate correlation with the AVI and a weak correlation with the conicity index (CI), body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), WWI, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). In males, there was a significant weak correlation between calcium and magnesium intake and the CI, BAI, AVI, WWI, and BRI. Additionally, magnesium intake had a weak correlation with the LAP. In female participants, calcium and magnesium intake had a weak correlation with CI, BAI, AIP, and WWI. Additionally, calcium intake showed a moderate correlation with the AVI and BRI and a weak correlation with the LAP. CONCLUSION Magnesium intake had the greatest impact on coronary indices. Calcium intake had the greatest impact on obesity indices. Vitamin D intake had minimal effects on obesity and coronary indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lana M Agraib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Coman AE, Ceasovschih A, Petroaie AD, Popa E, Lionte C, Bologa C, Haliga RE, Cosmescu A, Slănină AM, Bacușcă AI, Șorodoc V, Șorodoc L. The Significance of Low Magnesium Levels in COVID-19 Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020279. [PMID: 36837480 PMCID: PMC9965430 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is the fourth most common mineral in the human body and the second richest intracellular cation. This element is necessary for many physiological reactions, especially in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The majority of people who become ill as a result of COVID-19 have mild-to-moderate symptoms and recover without specific treatment. Moreover, there are people who develop severe forms of COVID-19, which require highly specialized medical assistance. Magnesium deficiency may play a role in the pathophysiology of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The primary manifestation of COVID-19 remains respiratory, but the virus can spread to other organs and tissues, complicating the clinical picture and culminating in multiorgan failure. The key mechanisms involved in the disease include direct viral cytotoxicity, endothelial dysfunction, and exaggerated release of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this review was to summarize the available data regarding the role of magnesium in COVID-19 patients and its particularities in different clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adorata Elena Coman
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandr Ceasovschih
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Antoneta Dacia Petroaie
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Popa
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cătălina Lionte
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Cristina Bologa
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Ecaterina Haliga
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Cosmescu
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Slănină
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Agnes Iacinta Bacușcă
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Victorița Șorodoc
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laurențiu Șorodoc
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Martin V, Garcia M, Montemor MDF, Fernandes JCS, Gomes PS, Fernandes MH. Simulating In Vitro the Bone Healing Potential of a Degradable and Tailored Multifunctional Mg-Based Alloy Platform. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060255. [PMID: 35735498 PMCID: PMC9219794 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work intended to elucidate, in an in vitro approach, the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during the bone healing process, upon implantation of a tailored degradable multifunctional Mg-based alloy. This was prepared by a conjoining anodization of the bare alloy (AZ31) followed by the deposition of a polymeric coating functionalized with hydroxyapatite. Human endothelial cells and osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiating cells were exposed to the extracts from the multifunctional platform (having a low degradation rate), as well as the underlying anodized and original AZ31 alloy (with higher degradation rates). Extracts from the multifunctional coated alloy did not affect cellular behavior, although a small inductive effect was observed in the proliferation and gene expression of endothelial and osteoblastic cells. Extracts from the higher degradable anodized and original alloys induced the expression of some endothelial genes and, also, ALP and TRAP activities, further increasing the expression of some early differentiation osteoblastic and osteoclastic genes. The integration of these results in a translational approach suggests that, following the implantation of a tailored degradable Mg-based material, the absence of initial deleterious effects would favor the early stages of bone repair and, subsequently, the on-going degradation of the coating and the subjacent alloy would increase bone metabolism dynamics favoring a faster bone formation and remodeling process and enhancing bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Martin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.G.); (P.S.G.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- CQE, IMS, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.d.F.M.); (J.C.S.F.)
- EST Setúbal, CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Mónica Garcia
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.G.); (P.S.G.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Montemor
- CQE, IMS, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.d.F.M.); (J.C.S.F.)
| | - João Carlos Salvador Fernandes
- CQE, IMS, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.d.F.M.); (J.C.S.F.)
| | - Pedro Sousa Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.G.); (P.S.G.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.G.); (P.S.G.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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5
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Onor IO, Hill LM, Famodimu MM, Coleman MR, Huynh CH, Beyl RA, Payne CJ, Johnston EK, Okogbaa JI, Gillard CJ, Sarpong DF, Borghol A, Okpechi SC, Norbert I, Sanne SE, Guillory SG. Association of Serum Magnesium with Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertensive Crises: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4213. [PMID: 34959763 PMCID: PMC8709166 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of magnesium in blood pressure has been studied among hypertensive patients; however, there is a dearth of studies exploring the role of magnesium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium and blood pressure in patients with hypertensive crises. This was a single-center, retrospective, chart review, cross-sectional study of patients with hypertensive crises. Patients were included if they were eighteen years of age or older, with an international classification disease ninth revision (ICD-9) code of 401.9 (hypertensive crises: emergency or urgency) and a documented magnesium level on their electronic medical record. The primary outcome of the study was the correlation between serum magnesium and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) in patients with hypertensive crises. Two hundred and ninety-three patients were included in the study. The primary outcome result showed that serum magnesium was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.143, p = 0.014), but not diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This study found a significant positive association between magnesium and systolic blood pressure, but not diastolic blood pressure, among patients with hypertensive crises. This positive association of serum magnesium with systolic blood pressure was maintained after adjusting for covariates. This study's findings suggest a potential role of magnesium in blood pressure among patients with hypertensive crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- IfeanyiChukwu O. Onor
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, 2000 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lashira M. Hill
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Modupe M. Famodimu
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Mallory R. Coleman
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Carolkim H. Huynh
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Casey J. Payne
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Emily K. Johnston
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - John I. Okogbaa
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
| | - Christopher J. Gillard
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, 2000 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Daniel F. Sarpong
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Amne Borghol
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, 2000 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Samuel C. Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Ifeyinwa Norbert
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (L.M.H.); (M.M.F.); (M.R.C.); (C.H.H.); (C.J.P.); (E.K.J.); (J.I.O.); (C.J.G.); (D.F.S.); (A.B.); (I.N.)
| | - Shane E. Sanne
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
| | - Shane G. Guillory
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.E.S.); (S.G.G.)
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Onor IO, Johnston EK, Little NG, Hill LM, Lawal OE, Payne CJ, Coleman MR, Huynh CH, Bilbe SE, Ayyad AA, Jones KJ, Kinnard JD, Dastoori R, Rolland DK, Miller AS, Beyl RA, Gillard CJ, Okogbaa JI, Sarpong DF, Hadgu RM, Borghol A, Okpechi SC, Naljayan MV, Sanne SE, Guillory SG. Evaluation of serum magnesium differences in hypertensive crises and control patients: A randomly matched case-control study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1229-1238. [PMID: 33963802 PMCID: PMC8169553 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of magnesium in blood pressure has been well studied among hypertensive patients, no study has explored the role of magnesium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in serum magnesium levels between hypertensive crises patients and matched controls (age‐, sex‐, race‐, and diabetes‐matched) in a 1:1 random match. This study is a single‐center, retrospective, chart review, case‐control study of patients with hypertensive crises (case group) and patients without hypertensive crises (control group). Patients were included in the case group if they were 18 years of age or older with hypertensive crises and have a documented magnesium level. The control group patients were required to be 18 years of age or older, have no diagnosis of hypertensive crises, and have a documented magnesium level. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the mean serum magnesium in patients with hypertensive crises versus patients without hypertensive crises. Three hundred and fifty‐eight patients were included in the study: 179 patients in both the case group and control group. The primary outcome results showed that serum magnesium concentration was not significantly different between the case group (1.89 ± 0.29 mg/dl) and control group (1.90 ± 0.31 mg/dl) (p = .787). This study found no significant difference in serum magnesium levels in patients with hypertensive crises compared to a random matched control group. Larger observational or experimental studies may be useful to evaluate the effect of magnesium on blood pressure in hypertensive crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- IfeanyiChukwu O Onor
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emily K Johnston
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicole G Little
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lashira M Hill
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Oluwabunmi E Lawal
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Casey J Payne
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mallory R Coleman
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carolkim H Huynh
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah E Bilbe
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ahlam A Ayyad
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kabrea J Jones
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jasmine D Kinnard
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rosanna Dastoori
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Devinn K Rolland
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amanda S Miller
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher J Gillard
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John I Okogbaa
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel F Sarpong
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rim M Hadgu
- Midwestern University College of Pharmacy - Glendale, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Amne Borghol
- CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG), College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samuel C Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mihran V Naljayan
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane E Sanne
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane G Guillory
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Sobhani AR, Farshidi H, Azarkish F, Eslami M, Eftekhar E, Keshavarz M, Soltani N. Magnesium Sulfate Improves Some Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Patients Suffering from One or Two Coronary Artery Diseases: A Double-blind Clinical Trial Study. Clin Pharmacol 2020; 12:159-169. [PMID: 33061673 PMCID: PMC7524176 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s261264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given the beneficial effect of MgSO4 on the cardiovascular system, this study was designed to investigate the effect of MgSO4 administration on suppressing some atherosclerotic risk factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels. Patients and Methods In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial study, 64 patients with moderate coronary artery disease (55–69% stenosis) were selected according to angiography findings. Patients were divided into four groups including patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels treated with MgSO4 (Mg-treated-VR1, Mg-treated-VR2, respectively), placebo treated patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels (Control-VR1, Control-VR2, respectively). The patients received either placebo or MgSO4 supplement capsule containing 300 mg MgSO4 for six months on a daily basis. ESR, Ca/Mg ratio, urine Mg level, serum Mg, fibrinogen, homocysteine, uric acid, Na, K, Ca, CRP, T3, T4, TSH, BUN, and Cr concentrations were measured at baseline and every three months. Results Serum T3, Ca, K, homocysteine, CRP, and Mg concentrations were significantly improved in Mg-treated groups compared to placebo groups. Conclusion The results of this study showed that despite the slight change in serum magnesium level, oral administration of MgSO4for six months could slightly reduce the serum levels of some inflammatory and vascular factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Sobhani
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Farshidi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fariba Azarkish
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdiya Eslami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mansoor Keshavarz
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Levy J, Miranda AAM, De Carli E, Bittencourt MS, Benseñor IJ, Lotufo PA, Marchioni DM. Ingestion of magnesium was not associated with coronary calcium score in a cross-sectional study. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:217-223. [PMID: 31711405 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims: Magnesium plays a key role in glucose metabolism, vascular tone, and inflammation. Therefore, it might be a dietary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In vitro and animal studies have suggested a decrease in vascular calcification with an increase in the magnesium intake. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between magnesium intake and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score among participants of the ELSA-Brasil. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study undertaken with a sub-sample from the ELSA-Brasil baseline data. In this sub-sample, only participants with CAC examination data were included (n = 4,306). Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. The association between magnesium intake and presence of CAC (0 versus > 0) was investigated using multiple logistic regression models. Results: The participants were predominantly female (54.4 %), with self-reported white skin color (59.1 %), no smoking habit (53.7 %) and undergraduate or postgraduate education (44.4 %). The range of magnesium consumption was 37.24 - 1266.31 mg/day. CAC prevalence was 28.4 %. No significant association was found between magnesium intake and CAC after adjustments for diet, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics. In a first univariate model, the fifth quintile of magnesium intake, in comparison to the first quintile (lowest intake), resulted in an OR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.01 - 1.54 (P-linear trend = 0.005). However, in the last fully adjusted model, the fifth quintile of magnesium intake resulted in OR = 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.64 - 1.17 (P-linear trend = 0.239). Conclusions: In ELSA-Brasil, the intake of magnesium was not associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Levy
- School of Public Health/University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcio Sommer Bittencourt
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Judith Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Oshibe N, Marukawa E, Yoda T, Harada H. Degradation and interaction with bone of magnesium alloy WE43 implants: A long-term follow-up in vivo rat tibia study. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1157-1167. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218822050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this in vivo study was to examine the degradation and biocompatibility of the WE43 magnesium alloy containing magnesium yttrium, rare earth elements, and zirconium over a one-year long-term follow-up period. Additionally, we compared anodized WE43 implants with monolithic ones and clarified the effect of the anodization. WE43 cylindrical implants with and without anodization (length, 10 mm; diameter, 0.3 mm) were transplanted into the rat tibia. In both groups, the development of corrosion and the change in implant volume were evaluated by in vivo micro-computed tomography until 12 months, and the bone tissue reaction was observed histologically. In the monolithic WE43 implants, hydrogen gas was evident until 14 days and the volume loss was 36.3% after 12 months. In the anodized WE43 implants, the development of hydrogen gas was inhibited and the volume loss was 27.7% after 12 months. The anodized WE43 implants showed a significantly slower corrosion process in the early phase. Therefore, these implants may require a prolonged period to degrade completely and may even resist complete degradation. At one year post surgery, bone maturation progressed and lamellar bone structure developed around the implant in both groups. In conclusion, the WE43 implants showed good long-term stability and biocompatibility in bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Oshibe
- Maxillofacial surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Marukawa
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Maxillofacial surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Clímaco Cruz KJ, Soares de Oliveira AR, Silva Morais JB, Soares Severo J, Batista Beserra J, Rocha dos Santos L, Colli C, de Jesus e Silva de Almendra Freitas B, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Relationship between magnesium status and cardiovascular risk in obese women. NUTR CLIN METAB 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Shaddel M, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Sharifi-Sarasiabi K, Kamali Z, Dastgheib M. Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Levels of Calcium and Magnesium in Giardiasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:8-12. [PMID: 28111708 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia causes malabsorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and saliva calcium and magnesium levels in patients with giardiasis. Thirty patients with giardiasis as a case and 30 person without giardiasis as a control group were enrolled. The stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva and serum calcium and magnesium levels were assayed by Arsenazo reaction and xylidyl blue complex methods, respectively. Mean calcium and magnesium level was low in serum and stimulated saliva of case group than that of controls. However, they were higher in the unstimulated saliva of the case group. It is suggested that patients suffering from giardiasis have low calcium and magnesium levels, and they lose the most of calcium and magnesium by saliva during unstimulated condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Shaddel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khojasteh Sharifi-Sarasiabi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamali
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Yassin HM, Abdel Moneim AT, Mostafa Bayoumy AS, Bayoumy HM, Taher SG. The Influence of Two Different Doses of Magnesium Sulfate on Intraocular Pressure Variations after Injection of Succinylcholine and Endotracheal Intubation: A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel Three-Arm, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Anesth Essays Res 2017; 11:969-975. [PMID: 29284858 PMCID: PMC5735497 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_35_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction in patients with open globe injuries may be detrimental to the eye. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine if the premedication with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) could attenuate the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with succinylcholine injection and intubation. Setting: Operation theaters in a tertiary care University Hospital between December 2014 and July 215. Design: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel three-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants: One hundred and thirteen patients’ physical status ASA Classes I and II underwent elective cataract surgery under general anesthesia. Patients and Methods: These patients allocated into three groups: Group C (control group) received 100 ml normal saline, Group M1 received 30 mg/kg MgSO4 in 100 ml normal saline, and Group M2 received 50 mg/kg MgSO4 in 100 ml normal saline. IOP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) reported at 5-time points related to study drug administration. In addition, any adverse effects related to MgSO4 were recorded. Intragroup and between-groups differences were examined by analysis of variance test. Results: We noticed a significant decrease in IOP in M1 (n = 38) and M2 (n = 37) groups as compared with C group (n = 38) after study drugs infusion, 2 and 5 min after intubation, P < 0.001. While the difference between M1 and M2 groups was insignificant, P = 0.296 and P = 0.647, respectively. There was a significant decrease in MAP and HR in M1 and M2 groups as compared with C group 2 and 5 min after intubation, P = 0.01. While the difference between M1 and M2 groups was insignificant, P = 1. Conclusion: MgSO4 30 mg/kg as well as 50 mg/kg effectively prevented the rise in IOP, MAP, and HR associated with rapid sequence induction by succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Mahmoud Yassin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayuom, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Sameh Galal Taher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
Magnesium is an essential nutrient for muscle, cardiovascular, and bone health on Earth, and during space flight. We sought to evaluate magnesium status in 43 astronauts (34 male, 9 female; 47 ± 5 years old, mean ± SD) before, during, and after 4–6-month space missions. We also studied individuals participating in a ground analog of space flight (head-down-tilt bed rest; n = 27 (17 male, 10 female), 35 ± 7 years old). We evaluated serum concentration and 24-h urinary excretion of magnesium, along with estimates of tissue magnesium status from sublingual cells. Serum magnesium increased late in flight, while urinary magnesium excretion was higher over the course of 180-day space missions. Urinary magnesium increased during flight but decreased significantly at landing. Neither serum nor urinary magnesium changed during bed rest. For flight and bed rest, significant correlations existed between the area under the curve of serum and urinary magnesium and the change in total body bone mineral content. Tissue magnesium concentration was unchanged after flight and bed rest. Increased excretion of magnesium is likely partially from bone and partially from diet, but importantly, it does not come at the expense of muscle tissue stores. While further study is needed to better understand the implications of these findings for longer space exploration missions, magnesium homeostasis and tissue status seem well maintained during 4–6-month space missions.
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Sun L, Hou Y, Zhao T, Zhou S, Wang X, Zhang L, Yu G. A combination of genistein and magnesium enhances the vasodilatory effect via an eNOS pathway and BKCa current amplification. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:215-21. [PMID: 25494655 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phytoestrogen genistein (GST) and magnesium have been independently shown to regulate vascular tone; however, their individual vasodilatory effects are limited. The aim of this study was to examine the combined effects of GST plus magnesium on vascular tone in mesenteric arteries. The effects of pretreatment with GST (0–200 μmol/L), MgCl2 (0–4.8 mmol/L) and GST plus MgCl2 on 10 μmol/L phenylephrine (PE) precontracted mesenteric arteries in rats were assessed by measuring isometric force. BKCa currents were detected by the patch clamp method. GST caused concentration- and partial endothelium-dependent relaxation. Magnesium resulted in dual adjustment of vascular tone. Magnesium-free solution eliminated the vasodilatation of GST in both endothelium-intact and denuded rings. GST (50 μmol/L) plus magnesium (4.8 mmol/L) caused stronger relaxation in both endothelium-intact and denuded rings. Pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-N-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 100 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the effects of GST, high magnesium, and the combination of GST and magnesium. BKCa currents were amplified to a greater extent when GST (50 μmol/L) was combined with 4.8 versus 1.2 mmol/L Mg2+. Our data suggest that GST plus magnesium provides enhanced vasodilatory effects in rat mesenteric arteries compared with that observed when either is used separately, which was related to an eNOS pathway and BKCa current amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Post Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Post Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Post Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Post Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Post Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Guichun Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Post Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Kharitonova M, Iezhitsa I, Zheltova A, Ozerov A, Spasov A, Skalny A. Comparative angioprotective effects of magnesium compounds. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:227-34. [PMID: 25127069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is implicated in the development of numerous disorders of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the data regarding the efficacy of different magnesium compounds in the correction of impaired functions due to low magnesium intake are often fragmentary and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the most bioavailable Mg compounds (Mg l-aspartate, Mg N-acetyltaurate, Mg chloride, Mg sulphate and Mg oxybutyrate) on systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed a low Mg diet for 74 days. A low Mg diet decreased the Mg concentration in the plasma and erythrocytes, which was accompanied by a reduced concentration of eNOs and increased levels of endothelin-1 level in the serum and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. These effects increased the concentration of proinflammatory molecules, such as VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP, indicating the development of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The increased total NO level, which estimated from the sum of the nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the serum, may also be considered to be a proinflammatory marker. Two weeks of Mg supplementation partially or fully normalised the ability of the vascular wall to effect adequate endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and reversed the levels of most endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory markers (except CRP) to the mean values of the control group. Mg sulphate had the smallest effect on the endothelin-1, TNF-α and VCAM-1 levels. Mg N-acetyltaurate was significantly more effective in restoring the level of eNOS compared to all other studied compounds, except for Mg oxybutyrate. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that all Mg compounds equally alleviate endothelial dysfunction and inflammation caused by Mg deficiency. Mg sulphate tended to be the least effective compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kharitonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), RIG "Molecular Pharmacology and Advanced Therapeutics", Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Anastasia Zheltova
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Department of Allergology and Immunology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Alexander Ozerov
- Department for Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Alexander Spasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Anatoly Skalny
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow 105064, Russia; Trace Element - Institute for UNESCO, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update findings supporting the opinion that commonly occurring subclinical magnesium deficiency induced by a low dietary intake is a predisposing factor for chronic inflammatory stress that contributes to the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Both deficient magnesium intakes (<250 mg/day) and serum magnesium concentrations (≤ 0.75 mmol/l) have been associated with elevated serum C-reactive protein concentration, a widely used indicator of inflammation. Achieving magnesium intakes or serum magnesium concentrations that indicate an adequate magnesium status generally attenuates elevated serum C-reactive protein to concentrations that are not indicative of chronic low-grade inflammation. Individuals that are obese or have chronic diseases for which low-grade inflammation is a risk factor are commonly found to be magnesium-deficient. SUMMARY Subclinical magnesium deficiency caused by low dietary intake often occurring in the population is a predisposing factor for chronic inflammatory stress that is conducive for chronic disease. Magnesium deficiency should be considered a nutrient of significant concern for health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest H Nielsen
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Kapoor D, Srivastava M, Singh P. Point of care blood gases with electrolytes and lactates in adult emergencies. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2014; 4:216-22. [PMID: 25337483 PMCID: PMC4200547 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.141411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is one of the formidable concept introduce in the field of critical care settings to deliver decentralized, patient-centric health care to the patients. Rapid provision of blood measurements, particularly blood gases and electrolytes, may translate into improved clinical outcomes. Studies shows that POCT carries advantages of providing reduced therapeutic turnaround time (TTAT), shorter door-to-clinical-decision time, rapid data availability, reduced preanalytic and postanalytic testing errors, self-contained user-friendly instruments, small sample volume requirements, and frequent serial whole-blood testing. However, still there is a noticeable debate that exists among the laboratorians, clinicians, and administrators over concerns regarding analyzer inaccuracy, imprecision and performance (interfering substances), poorly trained non-laboratorians, high cost of tests, operator-dependent quality of testing, and difficulty in integrating test results with hospital information system (HIS). On search of literature using Medline/Pubmed and Embase using the key phrases "ppoint-of-care test," "central laboratory testing," "electrolytes," "blood gas analysis," "lactate," "emergency department," "intensive care unit," we found that POCT of blood gases and selected electrolytes may not entirely replace centralized laboratory testing but may transfigure the clinical practice paradigm of emergency and critical care physicians. We infer that further comprehensive, meaningful and rigorous evaluations are required to determine outcomes which are more quantifiable, closely related to testing events and are associated with effective cost benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kapoor
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meghana Srivastava
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pritam Singh
- Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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The Role of Magnesium in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glaucoma. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:745439. [PMID: 27433524 PMCID: PMC4897098 DOI: 10.1155/2014/745439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by chronic optic neuropathy resulting in progressive vision loss. Not only is glaucoma considered as a condition of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but also other risk factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Vascular dysregulation in ocular blood flow and oxidative stress are currently suggested as important risk factors for glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell loss. New treatment modalities that improve ocular blood flow and reduce oxidative stress have been investigated in many studies. Magnesium (Mg) is thought to be one of the molecules that has a treatment potential in glaucoma. Mg has been shown to improve blood flow by modifying endothelial function via endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathways. Mg also exhibits neuroprotective role by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-related calcium influx and by inhibiting the release of glutamate, and hence protects the cell against oxidative stress and apoptosis. Both improvement in ocular blood flow and prevention of ganglion cell loss would make magnesium a good candidate for glaucoma management. Further studies on the effect of Mg may open a new therapeutic era in glaucoma.
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Poursafa P, Kelishadi R, Amin MM, Hashemi M, Amin M. First report on the association of drinking water hardness and endothelial function in children and adolescents. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:746-51. [PMID: 25276160 PMCID: PMC4175776 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.44866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate the relationship of water hardness and its calcium and magnesium content with endothelial function in a population-based sample of healthy children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted in 2012 among 90 individuals living in two areas with moderate and high water hardness in Isfahan County, Iran. The flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and the serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) were measured as surrogate markers of endothelial function, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as a marker of inflammation. RESULTS Data of 89 participants (51% boys, mean age 14.75 (2.9) years) were complete. Those participants living in the area with high water hardness had higher FMD, hs-CRP, and soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) than their counterparts living in the area with moderate water hardness. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factors of age, gender, body mass index, healthy eating index and physical activity level, total water hardness, as well as water content of calcium and magnesium, had a significant positive relationship with FMD. The corresponding associations were inverse and significant with soluble adhesion molecules (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study, which to the best of our knowledge is the first of its kind in the pediatric age group, suggests that water hardness, as well as its calcium and magnesium content, may have a protective role against early stages of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Poursafa
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cardiology Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Amin
- Dehaghan Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
Elevated blood pressure arises from a combination of environmental and genetic factors and the interactions of these factors. A substantial body of evidence from animal studies, epidemiologic studies, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials has demonstrated that certain dietary patterns and individual dietary elements play a prominent role in the development of hypertension. Changes in diet can lower blood pressure, prevent the development of hypertension, and reduce the risk of hypertension-related complications. Dietary strategies for the prevention of hypertension include reducing sodium intake, limiting alcohol consumption, increasing potassium intake, and adopting an overall dietary pattern such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet or a Mediterranean diet. In order to reduce the burden of blood pressure-related complications, efforts that focus on environmental and individual behavioral changes that encourage and promote healthier food choices are warranted.
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Sluijs I, Czernichow S, Beulens JW, Boer JM, van der Schouw YT, Verschuren WMM, Grobbee DE. Intakes of Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium and Risk of Stroke. Stroke 2014; 45:1148-50. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.004032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Sluijs
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.S., J.W.J.B., Y.T.v.d.S., D.E.G.); Department of Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Paré, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne, France (S.C.); INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (S.C.); and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the
| | - Sebastien Czernichow
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.S., J.W.J.B., Y.T.v.d.S., D.E.G.); Department of Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Paré, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne, France (S.C.); INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (S.C.); and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the
| | - Joline W.J. Beulens
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.S., J.W.J.B., Y.T.v.d.S., D.E.G.); Department of Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Paré, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne, France (S.C.); INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (S.C.); and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the
| | - Jolanda M.A. Boer
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.S., J.W.J.B., Y.T.v.d.S., D.E.G.); Department of Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Paré, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne, France (S.C.); INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (S.C.); and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.S., J.W.J.B., Y.T.v.d.S., D.E.G.); Department of Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Paré, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne, France (S.C.); INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (S.C.); and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the
| | - W. Monique M. Verschuren
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.S., J.W.J.B., Y.T.v.d.S., D.E.G.); Department of Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Paré, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne, France (S.C.); INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (S.C.); and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the
| | - Diederick E. Grobbee
- From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.S., J.W.J.B., Y.T.v.d.S., D.E.G.); Department of Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital A Paré, Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne, France (S.C.); INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France (S.C.); and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the
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Dousdampanis P, Trigka K, Fourtounas C. Hypomagnesemia, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality: Pronounced association but unproven causation. Hemodial Int 2014; 18:730-9. [PMID: 24641780 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantina Trigka
- Hemodialysis Unit; Hemodialysis Unit Kyanos Stavros Patras; Patras Greece
| | - Costas Fourtounas
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology; Patras University Hospital; Patras Greece
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24
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Houston M. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:38-66. [PMID: 24575172 PMCID: PMC3935060 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and target organ damage. Nutrient-gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients can prevent, control and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the selected use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Mark Houston, Hypertension Institute, Saint Thomas Medical Plaza, Nashville, TN 37205, United States
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Willbold E, Kalla K, Bartsch I, Bobe K, Brauneis M, Remennik S, Shechtman D, Nellesen J, Tillmann W, Vogt C, Witte F. Biocompatibility of rapidly solidified magnesium alloy RS66 as a temporary biodegradable metal. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8509-17. [PMID: 23416472 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium-based alloys are very promising materials for temporary implants. However, the clinical use of magnesium-based alloys is often limited by rapid corrosion and by insufficient mechanical stability. Here we investigated RS66, a magnesium-based alloy with extraordinary physicochemical properties of high tensile strength combined with a high ductility and a homogeneous grain size of ~1 μm which was obtained by rapid solidification processing and reciprocal extrusion. Using a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we analyzed the biodegradation behavior and the biocompatibility of this alloy. In vitro, RS66 had no cytotoxic effects in physiological concentrations on the viability and the proliferation of primary human osteoblasts. In vivo, RS66 cylinders were implanted into femur condyles, under the skin and in the muscle of adult rabbits and were monitored for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks. After explantation, the RS66 cylinders were first analyzed by microtomography to determine the remaining RS66 alloy and calculate the corrosion rates. Then, the implantation sites were examined histologically for healing processes and foreign body reactions. We found that RS66 was corroded fastest subcutaneously followed by intramuscular and bony implantation of the samples. No clinical harm with transient gas cavities during the first 6 weeks in subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation sites was observed. No gas cavities were formed around the implantation site in bone. The corrosion rates in the different anatomical locations correlated well with the local blood flow prior to implantation. A normal foreign body reaction occurred in all tissues. Interestingly, no enhanced bone formation could be observed around the corroding samples in the condyles. These data show that RS66 is biocompatible, and due to its interesting physicochemical properties, this magnesium alloy is a promising material for biodegradable implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Willbold
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany; CrossBIT, Center for Biocompatibility and Implant-Immunology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 31, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Lipinski B, Pretorius E. The role of iron-induced fibrin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and the protective role of magnesium. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:735. [PMID: 24194714 PMCID: PMC3810650 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has recently been challenged by the increasing evidence for the role of vascular and hemostatic components that impair oxygen delivery to the brain. One such component is fibrin clots, which, when they become resistant to thrombolysis, can cause chronic inflammation. It is not known, however, why some cerebral thrombi are resistant to the fibrinolytic degradation, whereas fibrin clots formed at the site of vessel wall injuries are completely, although gradually, removed to ensure proper wound healing. This phenomenon can now be explained in terms of the iron-induced free radicals that generate fibrin-like polymers remarkably resistant to the proteolytic degradation. It should be noted that similar insoluble deposits are present in AD brains in the form of aggregates with Abeta peptides that are resistant to fibrinolytic degradation. In addition, iron-induced fibrin fibers can irreversibly trap red blood cells (RBCs) and in this way obstruct oxygen delivery to the brain and induce chronic hypoxia that may contribute to AD. The RBC-fibrin aggregates can be disaggregated by magnesium ions and can also be prevented by certain polyphenols that are known to have beneficial effects in AD. In conclusion, we argue that AD can be prevented by: (1) limiting the dietary supply of trivalent iron contained in red and processed meat; (2) increasing the intake of chlorophyll-derived magnesium; and (3) consumption of foods rich in polyphenolic substances and certain aliphatic and aromatic unsaturated compounds. These dietary components are present in the Mediterranean diet known to be associated with the lower incidence of AD and other degenerative diseases.
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The relationship between hypomagnesemia, metformin therapy and cardiovascular disease complicating type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74355. [PMID: 24019966 PMCID: PMC3760872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low serum magnesium concentrations have been associated with cardiovascular disease risk and outcomes in some general population studies but there are no equivalent studies in diabetes. Metformin may have cardiovascular benefits beyond blood glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes but its association with hypomagnesemia appears paradoxical. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between metformin therapy, magnesium homoeostasis and cardiovascular disease in well-characterized type 2 patients from the community. Methods and Findings We studied 940 non-insulin-treated patients (mean±SD age 63.4±11.6 years, 49.0% males) from the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (FDS1) who were followed for 12.3±5.3 years. Baseline serum magnesium was measured using stored sera. Multivariate methods were used to determine associates of prevalent and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) as ascertained from self-report and linked morbidity/mortality databases. 19% of patients were hypomagnesemic (serum magnesium <0.70 mmol/L). Patients on metformin, alone or combined with a sulfonylurea, had lower serum magnesium concentrations than those on diet alone (P<0.05). There were no independent associations between serum magnesium or metformin therapy and either CHD or CVD at baseline. Incident CVD, but not CHD, was independently and inversely associated with serum magnesium (hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.28 (0.11–0.74); P = 0.010), but metformin therapy was not a significant variable in these models. Conclusions Since hypomagnesemia appears to be an independent risk factor for CVD complicating type 2 diabetes, the value of replacement therapy should be investigated further, especially in patients at high CVD risk.
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Ochi A, Ishimura E, Tsujimoto Y, Kakiya R, Tabata T, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Tahara H, Shoji T, Yasuda H, Nishizawa Y, Inaba M. Hair magnesium, but not serum magnesium, is associated with left ventricular wall thickness in hemodialysis patients. Circ J 2013; 77:3029-36. [PMID: 23979658 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular magnesium (Mg) accounts for approximately 1% of the total body Mg. Clinically, serum Mg concentration is measured, but it does not necessarily reflect total body Mg status. Although relationships have been reported between reduced Mg and cardiovascular disease in non-dialysis patients, there have been few such studies in hemodialysis patients. It was hypothesized that reduced Mg, as represented by lower Mg concentration in the hair, would be associated with echocardiographic parameters in chronic hemodialysis patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Hair Mg concentration was measured in 79 male hemodialysis patients using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the relationships between hair Mg concentration and echocardiographic parameters were investigated. There was no significant correlation between Mg concentration in the hair and in serum. Hair Mg concentration in the patients with high-left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was significantly lower than that in the low-LVMI patients. Hair Mg concentration correlated significantly and negatively with posterior left ventricular wall thickness, interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), and relative wall thickness. Serum Mg concentration, however, did not correlate with any of these echocardiographic parameters. CONCLUSIONS In hemodialysis patients, hair Mg concentration is a biomarker, independent of serum Mg concentration. Hair Mg, but not serum Mg, was significantly and negatively associated with LVWT. Reduced tissue Mg concentration, as measured in the hair, may be associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Ochi
- Metabolism, Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
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Abstract
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral and the second most abundant intracellular divalent cation and has been recognized as a cofactor for >300 metabolic reactions in the body. Some of the processes in which magnesium is a cofactor include, but are not limited to, protein synthesis, cellular energy production and storage, reproduction, DNA and RNA synthesis, and stabilizing mitochondrial membranes. Magnesium also plays a critical role in nerve transmission, cardiac excitability, neuromuscular conduction, muscular contraction, vasomotor tone, blood pressure, and glucose and insulin metabolism. Because of magnesium's many functions within the body, it plays a major role in disease prevention and overall health. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with a number of chronic diseases including migraine headaches, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular accident (stroke), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Good food sources of magnesium include unrefined (whole) grains, spinach, nuts, legumes, and white potatoes (tubers). This review presents recent research in the areas of magnesium and chronic disease, with the goal of emphasizing magnesium's role in disease prevention and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Lucia Volpe
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Center for Integrated Nutrition & Performance College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Xu J, Xu W, Yao H, Sun W, Zhou Q, Cai L. Associations of serum and urinary magnesium with the pre-diabetes, diabetes and diabetic complications in the Chinese Northeast population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56750. [PMID: 23418599 PMCID: PMC3572031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of magnesium (Mg) deficiency on the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic complications has received a great attention. The present study investigated the association of Mg level in the serum or urine of the patients, lived in the Northeast areas of China, with either pre-diabetes or diabetes with and without complications. From January 2010 to October 2011, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 25), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 137), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, n = 12) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 15), and age/gender matched control (n = 50) were enrolled in the First Hospital of Jilin University. In T2D group, there were 24, 34, and 50 patients with nephropathy, retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Serum Mg levels in the patients with IGT, IFG, T2D, and T1D were significantly lower than that of control. The urinary Mg levels were significantly increased only in T2D and T1D patients compared to control. There was no difference for these two changes among T2D with and without complications; In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation of serum Mg levels with serum Ca levels only in T2D patients, and also a significantly positive correlation of urinary Mg levels with urinary Ca levels in control, IGT patients, and T2D patients. Simvastatin treatment in T2D patients selectively reduced serum Ca levels and urinary Mg levels. These results suggest that the potential impact of Mg deficiency on metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications needs to be received special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Xu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxin Yao
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixia Sun
- The Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Department of Pediatrics at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QZ); (LC)
| | - Lu Cai
- The Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QZ); (LC)
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